CIHM 

ICMH 

Microfiche 

Collection  de 

Series 

microfiches 

(Monographs) 

(monographies) 

Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microredroductions/institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


©2000 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniqjes  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 


0 


Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      1    Covers  damaged  / 


Couverture  endommagee 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restauree  et/ou  pelliculee 

Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I I    Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  geographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material  / 
Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 

Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  edition  disponible 

"j    Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
-i    interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de 

I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 

interieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  "-estorations  may  appear 

-  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  llsepeut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajoutees  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  etait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  ete  filmees. 

1    Additional  comments  / 

-  Commentaires  supplementaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  me^lleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
et6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  peut-etre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  metho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiques  ci-dessous. 

Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I    Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagees 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 

ny(  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
L_J    Pages  d6co!orees,  tachet6es  ou  piqu6es 

I      I    Pages  detached  /  Pages  detach^es 

I  •  I    Showthrough  /  Transparence 


Quality  of  print  varies  / 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary'  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  6t6  filmees  a  nouveau  de  fa?on  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
filmees  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


n 


n 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below  / 

Ce  document  est  filme  au  taux  de  reduction  indique  ci-dessous. 


lOx 


14x 


18x 


12x 


16x 


20x 


22x 


-T] 


26x 


30x 


24x 


28x 


□ 

32x 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  beeri  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  raproduit  grace  A  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 


Universite  de  Montreal 


Univsraiti  da  Montreal 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6td  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tenu  da  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetd  de  I'axemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avac  les  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fiimage. 

Las  examplairas  originaux  dont  la  couverture  an 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  filmds  en  commandant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporta  una  amprainte 
d'imprassion  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  les  autras  examplairas 
originaux  sont  filmds  an  commandant  par  la 
premidra  page  qui  comporte  une  emprainta 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporta  una  telle 
emprainta. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning    "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning   "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symb'oles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbola  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios    Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  pauvant  dtre 
film^s  i  des  taux  da  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  eet  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  da  gauche  A  droita, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TtST    CHART 

ANSI  ui.d   \bO   If  SI   t  HAR'   M,       .) 


1.0 


I.I 


IIIlM 

m 

136 


||||2j_ 

\\22 
2.0 

1.8 


1.25 


1-4     llill.6 


^      ^IPPLIED  IM^GE     Ir 


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BIBLIOTHfeQUE 

MEDECINE 
VETERINAIHE 


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Tin:    SIITM.INK 
Si  r  iJiii/r  .V.«. 


CASTING,  OR  THROWING. 
Set  pagt  3to. 


THE 

PRACTICAL 
STOCK    DOCTOR 

A  RELIABLE.  COMMON  SENSE 

READY-REFERENCE  BOOK.  FOR  THE 

FARMER  AND  STOCK  OWNER 


Cornpil-'i  from  llu:  most  lucccssful  Vetenndrians  in  ihc  world, 
and  also  contaming  nearly 

Three  Hundred  Tried  and 
Tested  Remedies  and  Receipts 

„{  many  i.f  tlif  most  successful   Farmers    and    Stoik    0%Nners 
in  th-;  Uniltd  Stales  and  Canada  never  bcfoie  printed 


Edited  by 

DR.  GEORGE  A.  WATERMAN 

For  m«n»  ><■»"  ProJeisor  of  Vrtrrlnary  Scieme  Michigan  Sute 
Agricultural  College,  and  a  (.ladical  Stock  grower 

Revised  and   Enlargeii 
Complttely  and  Practically   Illuitratid 


PL'BLISHF.D  BY 

F.  B.  DICKERSON  COMPANY 

Detroit,  Michigan,  anil  Windsor,  Ontario 


BIB^.TCFHEQUE 

1,'LDECiNE 
VETERlNAirtE 


1 


<■..'■■,  T,-i,.,.  f,  I,   1;.  I).    ]:■.(,     ji,.|    l;,IJ 

I'-  r..  i)i(Ki;i<.S(i.\  i(  i.Mi'  \\v 


«CtCK8X>C«auOO<rtW5CKb08Xtt«X«»C^^ 


■■^^li-- 


CONTENTS 


JIOBSE  DErARTMRirr. 

History  I  if  the  Horse 

Best  Mt'thods  of  Tr.iiiiiiiK ...........*.' ,? 

Anatomy  of  tlie  Morse „ 

Anatomy  of  Man  ami  iror.se  ConipareiiL....... cI 

Proportions  of  the  Horse \[\ ^ 

Water  ami  W'.iterinjj ^__ '5 

r«>(l  and  I-"eedin^' c7 

AntLsepties fi? 

Disinfection ..."........... « 

Fomentations !!!!.!!!!!!^!!!! « 

Nursing' and  Feeding  Sick  Animals..!....'...'.'. go 

Konnsof  Medii-ine  and  Wavs  of  Giving  21 

How  Often  to  Give  Mediriiies '.'.'.'.'."'.'"". 7? 

Some  Points  in  Determining  Natnre  of  Disease.  l^ 

Pul.se ''* 

Temperature ' " 

Disea,ses  of  the  Respiratory,  or  Breathing  Organs It 

Diseases  of  the  .Month.  Teeth,  Salivary  Glands  and  Gniiet'.! o? 

Duseases  of  the  Stom.-ich  and  Bowels ,^' 

DLseases  of  the  Liver  and   Spleen ,^ 

Disea.ses  of  the  I'rinary  Organs "  ,„ 

Diseases  of  the  Genital  Organs  of  the  Horse  ! ij! 

Diseases  of  the  Genital  Organs  of  the  Mare  ,1q 

Koahng  (Parturition)  and  Attemlant  Disea.ses..        ,„ 

Diseases  and  Care  of  Young  Foals....  J^ 

Castration;  Diseases  ami  Troubles  l-ollowiiu'    I,, 

Rupture  (Henii.as)  ami  Methods  of  Treatment 8? 

Diseasesaml  Injuries  of  the  liar .o't 

Diseasesaud  Injuries  of  the  Kve        ,o| 

Contagious  Diseases  and  Fevefs  of  the 'Horse.'.'.'.'.'. loi 

Diseases  of  the  Skin ^3 

Diseases  of  the  Brain  and  Nervous 'Sv's'te'm a?c 

Dise.a.ses  of  the  Lymphatic  Svstem    '  ,, 

Diseasesof  the  Heart,  Arteries,  and  Blood'-'ves,se'l's' ■.'".'; llx 

General  Dise;i.ses  of  the  Bl(K)d ,7^ 

Diseasesof  the  Bones "*« 

Wounds  and  their  Tre,atmcnt ^^ 

Disea.sesamlI>,juriesof  nea.'l,'"N'e'ck'.''s'ho;;id'ers,''Bo',i'v.'a'n'd'Hi'p"s'  266 
Diseasesof  I- ront  and  Himl  Legs  ...  '  nips,.  ^00 

Diseases  of  the  Feet ^^'^ 

How  to  Break  of  Vice.s !."......'!!!.'!..' "'"^ 

Poisons  and  their  Antidotes..  .............  ^^' 

Miscellaneous  lnforniati(jn ^'? 

Oiierations 33° 

347 

Cattle  dei'.^rtment. 

Anatomy  of  Cattle „ 

Action  of  Remedies  in  Cattle.... ^1 

Pulse,  Respiration  and  Temperature It^ 

Diseases  of  the  Respiratory  Organs  « 

Diseasesof  the  Digestive  Organs '.'.'.'.'.■. l~l 

Rupture,  or   llcruia...  " ^'^ 

Diseases  of  tile   i  1.  ;;il  '  ii'id'  lihu.i '  Vv'-'^ck ^^ 

Uistai^a  vl  ViK  Li vjr  oiiu  ipkcn Iqc 


CON  Ti:  NTS 


Di^tasvS  of  the  T'rinary  ()rf;ans ^oS 

Calvini^  (  rarltiritioii )  ami  Diseases  AltiMi'laiit.. 414 

Diseases  of  Viniiij,'  Cahes 447 

Diseases  of  the  (ieii.rative  Organs  of  tlie  liiiU 45  ( 

Diseases  of  the  Isye 4^4 

Piseasi-s  iif  the  Kar 46S 

Frartiireil  Hones;  Wounds;  Sprains  of  Joints  ami  Tendons 471 

Diseases  of  the  Skin 478 

Diseases  of  the  I-'eet 490 

i  "iseases  <-f  the  Xervons  Svstetn 494 

Conta'j'o'.is  Diseases  '<i  Cat  lie 505 

f"eiu-T.!i  Dive  ises  of  the  l^loo.l 52H 

Poisons  and  'J  heir  Antidotes 536 

Opeiiuor.s 5",6 

Shbep  Dei'artmi;nt. 

Diseases  and  Their  Treatti:ent 543 

Diseases  of  Youni;  I<anihs 571 

Swine  Di;rARTMKNT. 

Ways  oi  (Fivintr  Medicine 573 

Disinfection  an<!  Disinfectants S73 

Hoi;  Cholera  and  Swine  Pla>;ue 574 

Common  Diseases  of  Swine 57S 

POIT.TKV    DlilARTMHNT. 

Diseases  and  Their  Treatment  59S 

I'oaltrv  Houses 610 

I'oullrv  I'liinttrs 624 

Artieh'sof  l'oidtr_\  Diet 625 

D<x.  Dhi'Aktmi:nt. 

Diseasis  and  Their  Tieatment 627 

MlSCKLLANlCOlS    DUPAKl.MKNT. 

Instru mei  1  IS 645 

A ]-para t  as 647 

Medieines — Action  ami  Dose 653 

I'resci  ;it)ons 670 

Practjcal  Riimediks  and  Ri;ciri;s  I'rdm  I-'akmhrs  and  Stock  Owneks. 

Remedies  for  Horses 675 

Remedies  for  Cattle 705 

Reineihes  fur  Sheep 720 

Remedies  for  Swine 725 

Remedies  for  Chickens 733 

I'^crTTABLF,  BRF-EDTyr  OF  LnT  Stock. 

I'nticipKs  of  r.riediiie: 73f> 

Re  l.-i'i.  i!M  1'  III  e,  iler  I"  i  ariiuT     7.V'^ 

'liii    I  ami  I  lor^e 7-i' ' 

Cattle     715 

SliM  p    4?i 

lloj;,   -43'' 

Chiekell.^    -1"' 

DtrTio.v  \RV  ,iK  Ti.niMi  .\i.  anh  ()t!ii:r  Ti:i;m>  iv  ^•J^;^;o^■  I'si; 7'»S 

A^nn£x;n  \ *  i.j  .:---.■      t "     -' 

i  MiEX  '['..'.[['.[.'..'..[[.'.'.[[.'.[..' .[.''^..'. 7^4 

Helpful  lu.tsiKAiio.Ni  i  iollowiiiK  Indc.\) Senj 


LKST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS 


Pace 

Casting  or  Tltrowing Frontispiece 

Skililun  of  ilio   llnrso facing  2^ 

Siiptrlicial  Layer  ()f  Mtisclc>   (colored  plate)    "  31 

Interior  of  (  la^^t  Showinij  Heart  and  Diaphragm "  38 

Anatomy  of  ilie  l-'oot  ( colored  plate — 5  euts ) "  46 

Proportions  of  the  Horse 55 

( living  a  I  )rench   facing  64 

Position  of  the  Left  Linig "  75 

Digestive  Apparatus  (colored  plate) "  log 

liots   (4  cuts)    "  11,5 

Intestinal  WoriTis   (5  cuts) "  129 

The   Nervous  System    "  215 

Circulatory  Apparatus    (colored  plate)    "  2.13 

Ring  Rone  (colored  plate — J  cu's ) "  25O 

I'.'.iii   Spavin  (4  cuts)   "  25') 

Sling  in  L'se  "  28j 

Anatomy  of  the  foot  (colored  plate — 4  cut^) "  303 

Teeth  at  Light  Days  342 

Teeth  at  Two  to  "^^hree  Months 342 

Teeth  at  Light  to  Ten  Month-. 342 

Teeth  at  One  Year    342 

I  eeili  at  Two  Years  ■; 343 

Teeth  at  Two  and  One  1  lalf  to    Phri  e  'S'ears 343 

Teeth  at  Three  and  Onc-llalf  to  lorr  \\-,.rs 343 

Teeth  at  I'our  and  One-Half  to  I'ive  ^\^•o- 343 

Teeth  at  Live  ^'cars   344 

l\  ilh  at  Six  Years  344 

Ti  eth  at  Seven  Years 344 

Teeth  at  Eight     Years     344 

Ihe  Thrifty   l-"armer 350 

1  'eace  and   Plenty   facing  358 

Skeleton  of  the  Cow "  363 

I  .ungs  of  the  Ox  (colored ) "  ■s<\}, 

lironchitis  (colored )    "  361) 

I'.roncho  Pnenmonia   (colored ) "  370 

Position,  of  the   Rumen    "  ^>^z 

Correct  Position  of  the  Calf  in  the  L'tero "  414 

Cdder,  Tnhercniosis  <][   Cow    (colored) "  435 

Giving  the  Ci  iw  Mrdicinc "  478 

Pneumonia,  Contagious  (colored)  "  505 

Pneumonia.  Plnro    (colored) "  507 

Pia'k  Leg  (colored)   "  517 

Liver.  Tuliercidosis  of  (colored) "  523 

Lump-Jaw.  .\ctinomyc<iMS  of  the  Jaw "  ,';-4 

Lnmp-Jaw.  .Sknll  Showing  li<iny  F.nlirgements   "  5.'4 

(iuiiig  the  Sheep  Meilicine    "  543 

I'onhry  Yard  "  5y« 

A    Lean-to   Poultry    Honsr 610 

Simple  I'orm  of  Poultry  House Cll 

(iround  Plan  of  sam? 61 1 

Poultry  House  with  Scratching  SIt  d (itr 

Gnnmd  Plan  of  same 611 

CoiiStrUCtiojt  of  i\G05t5 C;i2 


•  r 


I.] ST   OF   Tf.LUSTRyXTlOXS 


Pace 

Srrtional  View  of  Pint  form  nml  W  -(= r.|j 

SriliiJii;il  View  iif  GiiuT.iliil.  "f  I  larknud,  W-t ,  ^ 

Ciiinx'.'ilrd,  IIP  I  ),irl<riu  (I.   X.^: .15 

Scraloliiii;^  Kimiiii  L'niKr  I  '■  i\illr>   I  !■  aisr ('14 

l)oiili!(.'  I'liullry  I  I'lu-o  u  iih  Srr.iK  hint;  Sln>N 1  - 

(ir<  11111(1   I'hiii  of  s.ii'U'   ^,1  - 

('■inini"ii  .\-Sha(Kcl  Coop  wiili  Sliilin^'  Slit 61O 

Cliickin  C"o|i  Willi  I'nolo^c'l  Run (,\(, 

t  hick  til  (.oo))  w  iili  I  la\vk-|iroi)f  anil  Cat-iir^  i.  .i'  Uin 617 

loop  wilh  lila^-  iM\  ,Tfil  Run   (117 

Two  fonn^  ot  liiil  Tnniylm f,l,S 

A  iJriiikiiiL;  ("oiiiuain  iiuhIl-  of  a  Can 618 

C<jloiiy   lloi!<c    6ig 

Colony  lloii^o    fijo 

Colony  II on>c  wilh  Si  ratcliiiii;  SliL-d 6jo 

{•".lid  Plan  ot  Ti-n   It-illar  Poultry  1  louse 6jj 

ImmiU  J'laii  of  Tin  Dollar  I'oiiliiy  11  niso 6_>j 

A  Ten  Dollar  Ponliiy  llnnso.  Coniplilt- (uj 

Tlie  Childriii's  I'Vimd — A  Good  Dog fai-ini;  6.7 

Clinical  TlicrinoiiH-tfr  641} 

1  [>i)odfrniic  SyringL  and  A>i>irator  641^ 

Ciradnatc    64() 

Rtpcller  640 

N"ci(llfS_ '. O50 

Scton  Xccdlc   650 

Parturition    Ilucik    650 

Pi.LT  ]■"(  irci  J)-   650 

Artery   I'orcips   650 

Milkiiii,'  Tulr f)'-() 

Teat  Slitter,  i.r  l'.i~lMiir\ c'so 

TraL-lieoti'iiiy   Tiilie,   Self -Relainiiif   651 

'I'raclua  Tu'ie  (  )\al fisi 

Trocar  and  C.mula   1  lorse   (,^i 

;  iolih'es,  Throwing  or  Cav'iie.,' (15^ 

I'jnascnlator   O.SJ 

luraseur    ({z^j 

Various  Types  of  Spavin  (,i  cms ) facinjj  (171 

Splint   (coliircd  plate — 4  cuts') ••       d-s^ 

Pone  Spavin,  I  locks  witli  Skin  Reninvid  (colored  plate — 3  cuts)  .       "       r«)S 

Po^iliou  (if  the   l.iin- "       71,5 

neiieral  Puvrc  i-e  I  lor- e  T'ain "       7,) 

"Josephine,"  Cl-.aiiipion  Cnw  of  the  World "       7;- 

Chanipiou  Cmw  i  .i  .\u~tr;di.i "       717 

Proper  Type  of  I'.eef  Animal "       74(1 

Dorset  Ram "      751 

Chester  \\  hitc  Pi',  s  "       75(1 

Tamworth  Sow   "       7110 

While    Wy.-indotte    Chickens "       761 

Apparati^  n-'(l  in  Stenli/i  d  Air  ■ireaiiiii  lit  for  Milk  hCver "      7XJ 

Ph(it'iL'r^i])h  Syniploins,  1  lor-es  ('56  cut ~) Sio  to  Sji 

Photo!' raphic  Sxniiiloins.  Cattle  (i)  cuts) .S25  to  KjS 

I'^.ialin;.':   (  rirluritinnl.     f,  cuts   S.V  to  8,^6 

Calving  (Paitui-iiionl,  o  cms 837  to  840 

Total  Number  of  Ill'jstraiions.  213 


BNTRODUCTION 


IN  editing  this  work,  it  has  not  been  with  the  intention  of 
giving  the  stockman  something  that  will  take  the  place  of 
the  veterinarian;  no  book  can  ilo  that;  no  amount  of  reading  can 
take  the  place  of  his  experience.  The  object  has  been  to  give 
those  who  wish  to  better  acfiuaint  themselves  ,vith  the  diseases 
of  af.imals,  an  opportunity  to  do  so;  and  esix'cially  is  it  for  the 
stockman  who  is  not  within  reach  of  a  qualified  veterinarian 
There  are  many  such,  even  in  the  richest,  most  thrifty  parts  o'> 
our  country,  ar.d  there  are  (jthers  so  far  from  a  veterinarian,  that 
it  would  require  many  hours  of  valuable  time  to  get  him. 

It  has  been  the  endeavor  throughout  the  text,  to  use  such 
expressions  as  can  be  understood  by  those  who  have  not  had  a 
-;  ieiUific  training.  A  plain  description  of  the  anatomy  of 
animals  has  been  given  for  the  benefit  of  tlio.se  who  may  desire 
to  better  understand  their  structure,  and  points  have  been  col- 
l.cted  with  reference  to  the  training  of  the  horse,  which  may 
prove  of  benefit  to  the  inexperienced  along  that  line. 

Nothing  new  is  claimed  for  the  work,  unless  it  be  that  an 
elTort  has  been  made  to  make  the  treatment  of  the  diseases  dis- 
cussed' a  strong  feature,  by  telling  in  a  simple,  plain  way,  just 
what  to  do,  and  how  to  do  it;  what  medicines  to  use,  how  to  use 
tliem,  and  lunv  often  to  reijcat  them.  So  often,  when  asked  by 
the  farmer  to  recommend  to  him  a  book  treating  of  the  diseases 
of  a.iitnals,  have  I  felt  that  the  works  intended  for  him  do  not 
give  the  treatment  of  the  diseases  in  such  a  way,  that  he  may 
know  what  drug  or  drugs  to  use  and  how  often  to  use  them,  that 
m  this  work  I  have  tried  to  make  the  treatment  especially  plain. 

While  the  work  is  in  part  a  compilation,  as  editor  I  have 
woven  into  it,  especially  with  reference  to  the  treatments,  the 
lectures  as  I  have  given  them  to  our  college  students. 

7 


.  I,  • 


:'-^' 


8 


INTRODUCTION 


T!ie  diseases  of  the  (liffercnt  aiiirnils  have  been  treated  under 
different  departments,  and  while  sucli  an  arrangement  has  caused 
some  repeating,  it  has  been  so  arranged,  because  it  will  be  easier  to 
follow  the  instructions.  While  nearly  all  the  diseases  of  animals 
have  been  touched  ujwn,  especial  attention  has  been  given  to  the 
more  common  ones. 

In  giving  this  work  to  the  public,  I  trust  that  it  may  prove 
a  benefit  to  those  into  whose  hands  it  may  fall. 

GEO.  A  WATERMAN. 


AcRicri.TrRAi,  Coi.i.Kci:,  Michic.an, 
Jiir.s  I,  1904. 


..^  V  m^.^ZitJtl^M^iJll'jJ:^^ 


HISTORY  OF  THE  HORSE 


FROM  earliest  ages  the  horse  has  been  the  friend  and  compan- 
ion of  iiKin.  Prized  for  liis  beauty,  loved  for  his  docility,  and 
valued  fur  his  strength,  ho  has  ever  been  regarded  as  the  highest 
in  value  and  inipoitance  of  all  domesticated  animals.  In  the  re- 
motest ages,  as  far  back  as  authentic  history  discloses  anything 
of  the  life  and  jnirsuits  of  man,  we  find  that  the  horse  occupied  a 
prominent  position  in  his  service.  Painters  have  pictured  on  their 
canvas  the  majesty  and  grace  of  the  spirited  animal.  Poets  have 
celebrated  his  strength  and  beauty  in  their  verses,  and  the  inspired 
writers  have  introduced  ainoug.st  their  most  glowing  descriptions 
the  horsemen  and  chariots  which  formed  a  chief  feature  in  the 
pomp  and  magnificence  of  those  early  days. 

In  the  most  ancient  hieroglyphics  we  find  him  present,  ahd 
always  so  represented  as  to  show  that,  even  in  the  remote  antiquity 
from  which  tliey  date,  he  has  been  brought  into  complete  and 
serviceable  subjection.  In  the  oldest  Egyptian  paintings  the  horse 
is  seen  only  in  t!ie  war  chariot,  and  in  the  descriptions  of  the 
siege  of  Troy  only  the  charioteer  appears,  from  which  it  has  been 
supposed  tliat  the  first  horses  used  \)y  the  Greeks  were  too  small 
to  be  conveniently  ridden.  But  in  the  painting  in  the  palace  of 
Nimrod  at  Xineveh,  disinterred  by  Layard  and  supposed  to  be 
more  than  throe  thousand  years  old,  horsemen  a*  exhibited  both 
in  the  cha.se  and  in  war. 

But  farther  l)ack  than  oven  those  distant  times,  in  the  ages 
where  autiientic  history  merges  into  the  shadowy  light,  amidst 
which  myth  and  fable  mingle  with  the  real,  we  find  this  noble 
animal  figuring,  but  tlun  exalted  into  a  semi-human  sphere.  The 
Centaurs,  who  inhabited  the  ]iasses  of  Mount  Pelion  and  Ossa 
and  the  great  plains  of  Tiiossaly  in  Tapper  Greece,  were  probably 
n  race  resembling  in  many  respects  the  Tartars  of  this  age,  and 
ore  supposed  to  be  the  first  who  brought  the  horse  into  subjection 

9 


■■T. 


t>- 


lO 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


le 


to  man.  They  were  fabled  as  U-ing  half  horse  and  half  man. 
They  are  represented  as  perfect  horses  in  all  resixcts  helow  and 
behind  the  withers  and  the  chest;  there,  at  the  intersection  of  the 
neck,  began  a  lunnan  body,  the  liip  joints  articnlating  into  tl 
shonlders  of  the  lower  animal  and  tlie  abdomen  of  the  man  pass 
ing  gradnally  into  the  chest  o{  the  liurse.  Above  this  the  human 
form  was  perfect,  with  the  erect  bearing,  chest,  shonlders,  arms, 
neck  and  head  ..f  a  complete  man.  They  were  reputed  to  be  j>os- 
sessed  of  extraordinary  mental  as  well  as  i)h>  sical  jiowers,  and  to 
be  as  superior  to  ordinary  nwn  in  wisdom  and  art  as  they  were  in 
fleetness  and  strength,  Tliey  were  evidently  a  tribe  of  horsemen 
whom  the  ignorance  and  snper>tition  wf  that  e.irly  age  elevated 
into  a  superior  nice,  in  the  supj)osition  that  the  horse  and  man 
were  united  in  one.  ICverytliing  iK)ints  to  them  as  being  the  first 
who  succeeded  in  breaking  and  using  the  horse. 

Coming  down  to  the  time  of  autlieiitic  history,  we  find  the 
Parthiaiis  tf)  liave  been  among  the  most  renowned  for  their  skill 
in  training  and  nsin-  tlic  horse.  Their  feats  of  horsemanship  in 
battle  showed  a  comjilete  mastery  of  the  atn'mal,  which  in  their 
battle  with  the  Romans  rendered  them  so  etTicient  as  mounted 
archers. 

Frequently  in  ancient  paintings  the  mounted  steed  is  repre- 
sented without  a  bridle,  rmd  the  Xumidian  cavalry  are  said  to 
have  guided  and  restrained  their  horses  without  it,  an  assertion 
by  no  means  improbable,  as  a  Comanche  Indi.m  of  the  present 
day  will  frequently  juniii  on  the  back  of  a  wild  an<!  untrained 
horse,  and  guide  him  by  the  simple  expedient  of  covering  with 
his  hand  the  eye  of  the  animal  on  the  opposite  side  to  that  in 
which  he  wishes  to  direct  him. 

In  sacred  history  the  first  mention  of  the  horse  is  in  the  time 
of  Josepli,  when  in  Egypt,  at  which  period  the  horse  had  been 
broken  and  sul)jected  to  the  harness,  thus  corroborating  the 
already  mentioned  records  of  the  monuments.  Thus  we  find 
that  as  civilization  aihances,  and  historic  records  multiply,  that 
the  use  of  the  liorse  becomes  more  universal.  Where  the  original 
country  of  the  liorse  was  matters  'iitle,  e.K'-ept  a^  an  interesting 
?act,  whether  in  Asia  or  on  the  soil  of  Africa,  to  which  his  near 
relations,  the  Zebra  and  the  Ouagga  are  certainly  indigenous. 


I.W^Lk^^jM-' 


HISTORY  OF  THE  HORSE 


II 


In  modern  times  the  horse  has  l>een  so  closely  associated 
with  man  that  he  appears  in  evcrj-  phase  of  society,  and  it  is  only 
when  his  numerous  uses  are  considered  that  we  realize  how 
greatly  the  human  family  is  liis  debtor.  The  knight  of  the  days 
of  chivalry  would  ha\e  been  imiKjssible  but  for  the  trusty  steed 
which  ]h)TQ  him  so  gallantly  in  tlic  lists  of  the  tourney  and  amid 
the  deadlier  strife  of  battle.  Before  the  plow  and  at  the  harrow 
he  has  nmltijilied  the  productions  of  the  earth  a  hundredfold 
beyond  what  human  strength  alone  could  have  seciired.  I.alwr- 
ing  before  the  loaded  wagon,  he  has  been  the  steady  drudge  of 
man.  Harnessed  to  the  elegant  equipage  or  the  humbler  "cab," 
or  bearing  along  the  dusty  highway  the  stage  coach,  he  has  per- 
formed a  thousand  offices  indis|iensable  to  human  comfort  and 
advancement.  It  is  not  too  much  to  claim  for  him  that  civili/.a- 
ticn  itself  would  have  been  shorn  of  something  of  its  fair  propor- 
tions l)ut  for  the  valuable  .services  rendered  by  this  noble  animal. 
^'et.  with  all  liis  acknowledged  value,  the  horse  has  been  too 
frequently  llie  victim  of  neglect  and  cruelty;  often  ill-fed,  jM)orIy 
slieltered  and  harshly  treated,  until  in  many  cases  the  innate 
nobleness  of  his  nature  has  been  obscured  by  vicious  habits, 
contracted  by  the  mismanagement  and  abuse  to  which  he  has 
been  subjected  and  perpetuated  by  ignorance  and  prejudice. 
Naturally  the  horse  is  gentle  ;.  id  contiding;  he  is  (|uick  to  per- 
ceive, and  possesses  an  excellent  memory,  which  (|ualities  render 
him  callable  of  being  educated  easily,  and  to  an  extent  far  greater 
than  is  generally  supposea  Added  to  this  he  is  capable  of  deep 
and  lasting  attachment. 

What  the  horse  may  have  been  in  his  native  state  is  not 
known,  as  none  at  present  exist  in  tiiat  coivluion.  The  horses 
which  at  the  present  day  are  found  in  a  wil '  state  in  Asia  and 
America  are  kncnvn  to  be  descendants  of  individuals  formerly 
(|omc.sticato<l.  They  are  generally  smaller,  yet  stronger  than  the 
domesticated  animal,  with  rougher  coats,  stronger  limbs  and 
larger  heads.  Even  when  adult,  the  wild  horse  is  easily  domesti- 
cated, and  may  be  Ijrokcn  to  any  use  without  great  ditticulty, 
thus  im)ving  the  natural  gentleness  and  docility  of  his  nature. 
They  are  captured  by  the  lasso,  bitted,  mounted,  and  broken 
within  an  hour  by  the  daring  and  skillful  Gauchos. 


13 


TIII<:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


The  Arabian'^,  \on<^  ronowiiccl  for  their  attachment  to  the 
horse,  early  showed  the  extent  to  which  inteUi^ieiit  training  could 
•Hivclop  his  filler  qnaiitics,  nnd  rendur  him  the  most  docile  and 
olx;',Ii'jiit  of  animaU.  Something;  in  that  country  or  its  climate  is 
especially  suited  to  the  development  of  the  horse,  and  altliniij^h 
introduced  tliere  loiij;  after  his  domestication  in  other  eur^tern 
coujitries,  lie  rapidly  atlainid  a  decree  of  excellence  whiih  ^u^- 
passed  all  others,  until  the  horses  of  Arabia  and  the  adjacent 
portion-  of  Asia  and  Africa  liecame  the  most  celebrated  for  speed, 
courage,  intelligence,  and  docility  of  any  of  the  e(|uine  race. 
Small  in  .-i/c,  he  has  a  beautiful,  Kan,  bony  licad,  with  a  very 
broad  foreliead,  a  tapering  i!Ui//le,  and  larj.;e  well-oiiened  nostrils; 
his  mane  is  lon.c;,  t.  'n,  and  silky.  The  Arabian  has  entered  into 
the  early  history  ot  .he  best  stock  of  i;n);land  and  America. 
Although  nnicli  of  the  superiority  of  these  horses  is  attributable 
to  peculiarly  favorable  conditions  of  the  country  where  they 
orii;inated,  yet  many  of  their  excellent  (pialities  may  be  traced 
to  kindness  an.!  intellit;ent  training  by  which  tho.se  qualities  were 
first  develope<l,  and  through  which  they  have  been  transmitted 
until  tlie\'  li.ive  become  characteristics  of  the  race 

The  Arabian  understands  the  value  of  his  horse,  appreciates 
the  nobility  of  his  nature,  and  treats  him  accordingly.  They  kiss 
and  caress  him,  adorn  him  with  jewels  and  anudets  fornie<l  out 
of  sentences  '  the  Koran,  as  a  preventive  against  evil  and  acci 
dents.  "In  short,"  sajs  a  modern  author,  "they  treat  them 
almost  like  rational  beings,  which  are  re.uly  to  sacrifice  their  lives 
for  their  master's  benefit."  In  the  desert  he  is  the  familiar  com- 
rade, tentmate  and  i)1a>-Tna''^  ■ 'f  his  master,  as  docile  and  intelli- 
gent a?  a  (log.  The  Rev.  A'.  Monroe  relates  an  anecdote  of  an 
Arab,  "the  net  value  of  v.hose  dress  and  acccmtrctnents  might  be 
calculated  at  som'  thing  under  seventeen  pence  half-penny,"  who 
refused  all  olTers  n>.ade  to  purcha.se  a  beautiful  mare  on  which  he 
rode  (iecl:.!nv.j  thnt  be  loved  the  animal  better  than  his  own  life. 
The  French  author,  Dr.  ,St.  Pierre,  quotes  a  remarkable  instance 
of  the  attachment  on  Ai.d)ian  feels  for  his  horse:  "The  whole 
stock  of  a  poor  .Arabian  of  the  Desert  consisted  of  a  most  beauti- 
ful mare.  Tlie  l''rench  Consul  at  Paid  offered  to  purchase  b.er 
with  tile  uiteniion  of  sending  her  tc.  his  master,  I<ouis  XIV.   Tlie 


^mMmmu 


.4rV*    -.  ^ 


-■»_..  ^im:- 


llI^TURV  OK  Tin:  HORSE 


>3 


Arab,  pressed  by  want,  hcsitattJ  for  a  long  lime,  but  at  knuth 
consenticl  on  condition  of  receiving,'  a  verj-  coiihideiahk-  ;>uin, 
whitli  he  uaritd.  The  CoiimiI,  not  darinj^'  without  iiiMtructioii^  to 
};ive  so  hi);h  a  price,  wrote  lo  \'ersailks  for  iKTUiission  to  close 
the  bar>;ain  on  the  terms  stipulateil.  Louis  XI\'  jjave  orders  Xu 
pay  the  money.  The  Consul  inunediately  sent  notice  to  tlie  Arab, 
who  soon  made  his  appearance  mounted  on  his  maj;nificent  animal, 
and  the  ^'old  he  had  demanded  was  jiaid  down  to  liim.  The  Arab, 
covered  with  a  miserable  rag,  dismounted  and  looked  at  the 
money,  then  turning  his  eyes  to  the  mare  he  thus  accosted  her: 
"To  whom  am  I  RoiuK  to  yield  thee  up— to  Kuroi)eans,  who  will 
tie  the-e  close,  who  will  beat  thee,  who  will  render  thee  miserable. 
Return  with  uic  my  beauty,  my  darUng,  mj-  jewel,  and  rejoice 
the  hearts  of  my  chililreu."  "As  he  pronounced  these  words  he 
sprang  upon  her  buck  and  .scamjiered  off  toward  the  desert." 

It  is  not  surprising  that  such  a  high  appreciation  of,  and 
fondness  for,  this  noble  animal,  united  to  an  intelligent  training, 
has  resulted  in  the  production  of  a  race  of  horsis  uinivalletl  i'l 
excellence.  13ut  among  ]';uri)jH.ans  and  Americans  the  treat 
of  the  horse  has  been  usually  so  harsh,  md  the  mode  of  train 
so  deficient  in  inlelli,s;ence  as  to  greatly  lessen  his  value,  even 
where  a  brutal  ignorance  has  not  brought  into  activity  every  vice 
latent  in  his  nature.  Of  the  numerous  faidts  ascrilxKl  lo  the 
horse,  a  very  small  jxirtion  are  chargeable  to  his  natural  disjiohi- 
tion,  the  remainder  being  the  direct  residt  of  vicious  training,  or 
rather  the  absence  of  training  and  the  substitution  of  something 
which,  under  that  name,  first  produces  and  then  fosters  the  faidts 
for  which  the  animal  is  punished;  while  often  the  punishment  is 
itielTectual,  because  the  animal  has  no  corception  of  why  it  is 
made  to  suffer. 


THE  HORSE 


BEST  METHODS  OF  TRAINING 


LIKIv  many  an  old  system  that  lias  in  the  main  outlived  its  use- 
fulness, lirute  force  as  applied  to  liorse  tiaininj^  is  passing 
out,  and  in  Us  place  the  >;entler  method  of  teaching  the  animal, 
that  while  the  master  must  he  pro-nptly  and  implicitly  obeyed, 
he  is  at  the  same  lime  a  truly  indulKcnt  master  re<|nirin^,'  not''  ng 
that  IS  not  necessary  to  he  tlone,  am.,  the  task  liiiiig  once  done, 
reward  in  kindness,  tare,  r.nd  rest  follow.  It  is  not  to  Ix.-  under- 
stood of  cour>e  that  tlie  whip,  and  si)ur,  and  the  "terrible  voice" 
ha\e  jiassed  the  bounds  of  the  memory  of  man;  for  there  are  still 
too  many  iiKii  of  brutal  instincts  who  are  only  t<x>  willinjj;  to 
exercise  them  on  subject  creatures,  but  their  number  is 
decreasiuK  rather  than  the  reverse.  Not  only  this,  but  a  horse 
trained  by  the  more  j^radual  and  Rentier  methods  is  ahv.iys 
the  more  safe  and  reliable  animal  in  every  s|K)1  and  place. 

THE  FIRST  LESSONS.— The  first  lessons  should  be 
given  at  a  very  early  age.  Some  who  sIkjuKI  know  say  as  early 
as  at  five  days  old.  The  common  practice  has  been  to  let  the 
colt  remain  unbroken  until  a  certain  age  is  reached.  This  is  a 
dangerous  method  to  follow,  both  for  the  colt  and  for  the  trainer, 
for  tile  colt  is  likely  by  this  time  io  have  ac<]uired  habits  of 
which  it  will  be  hard  to  break  him  on  account  of  his  great 
strength.  If  the  little  colt  is  trained  at  the  proj)er  time,  and  the 
training  patiently  carried  on  until  he  is  a  horse,  he  will  scarcely 
know  what  "breaking"  means.  Take  the  colt  in  hand  at  an 
early  age  and  train  him  by  degrees.  The  common  mistake  is 
trying  too  teach  him  too  much  at  a  time.  He  gentle  and  kind  to 
him,  alhnving  him  to  examine  you  carefully.  Whatever  he 
understands  to  be  harmless  he  does  not  fear.  In  moving  up  to 
him,  should  he  show  fear,  be  gentle,  and  move  carefully,  and  he 

14 


TRAINING  Tin:  HORSK 


will  s<M)ii  cotiiprthend  that  you  arc  harmkss,  if  allowed  the 
privilege  of  ixamiiiiii^,'  and  imderstaiKiin^'  yon  io  his  own  way — 
with  iiis  iiosc.  Diint  nst  tlir  whip  at  this  carh  age,  for  if  you 
strike  him  Ik  will  he  afraid,  his  stniijjth  can  Ik;  easily  overcome, 
and  he  can  he  taiit;ht  his  hrst  lessons  without  the  whip.  Never 
kt  him  know  wh  it  fear  is,  yet  you  must  control  him;  there 
shouM  never  he  a  lime  when  the  colt  does  not  rccogni/c  the 
mastery  of  his  keeper  and  the  iiecessily  of  oladience.  Handle 
hnu  every  day  until  he  is  perfectly  gentle  and  knows  no  fear. 
It  is  at  this  early  a^e  that  many  of  the  vices  are  foi  :d,  if 
allowed  to  K'>  without  proper  early  training.  The  old  ada>?e  of 
"as  the  twi;^  is  bent,  so  the  tree  is  iticlined  "  is  just  as  applicable 
to  the  colt  as  to  the  son  of  his  master.  He  sure  that  the  colt 
has  learned  the  first  lesson  thoroughly  before  attempting  to  teach 
him  another. 


HALTER  BREAKII  J.-One  of  the  first  lessons  for  the 
colt  is  the  use  of  the  halter.  This  should  be  taught  him  when  he 
i-.  a  suckling.  A  -troiig,  well-titting  halter  should  be  placed  on 
him,  and  he  should  be  lied  short  near  to  his  mother  and  in 
such  a  iwsitif)n  that  he  cannot  pull  back  too  far  and  thnjw  and 
I  hoke  himself.  A  colt  .shoidd  always  be  tied  strongly  so  there 
uill  be  no  danger  of  breaking  loose,  for  if  he  breaks  l(x>se  once, 
he  is  likely  to  try  to  repeat  the  act.  After  the  colt  is  well  halter- 
broken,  so  that  he  can  be  tied  and  led,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  let  it 
go  with  the  mother  at  times  when  he  will  not  be  too  much 
bother,  but  do  not  keep  him  with  her  all  the  time;  tying  hishalter 
to  her  hame  or  collar;  in  this  way  he  gets  used  to  walking  and 
trotting  beside  another  hor.se. 

If  the  work  of  halter  breaking  has  been  left  until  weaning 
time,  or  when  the  colt  is  to  l)e  stabled,  the  lesson  will  not  be  so 
easy.  In  this  case  the  colt  must  be  first  driven  into  a  confined 
space,  where  he  cannot  escape.  Take  the  halter  in  both  hands, 
and  keep  hoMing  it  to  the  colt  until  he  will  touch  it  with  his 
nose.  Do  not  hurry.  The  important  thing  now  is  to  show  the 
colt  tliat  there  is  nothing  dangerous  about  the  halter.  When  he 
ceases  to  be  fearful,  place  the  halter  on  his  head  quickly  and 
fasten  it.    If  .le  shows  no  serious  fear  tie  him  yp.it  once,    Fhoilld 


l6 


Till-;  rUACTlCAL  vSTOCK    UucToK 


he  setm  fri>;!itein.(l,  allow  him  to  wciir  tiif  haltL-r  for  a  tiiiit;  until 
accustouiLil  to  it.  When  you  tic  hiiu,  dn  so  stLurtly  ami  sll-  that 
halter  aud  strap  or  ru])c  is  so  stron.i;  that  lhcr<-  will  be  no  cb.anee 
of  his  breaking  it,  for  in  all  jrobabililv  he  will  Miontror  later  put 
it  to  the  test.  If  he  cannot  break  loo^e,  there  will  be  no  bad 
habit  to  break  oil  at  a  later  time.  When  he  stops  ])ulli!is  he  is 
halter-wise,  so  far  as  standi;)^'  (luietly  is  concerned,  and  he  will 
cease  from  pulling  on  t'ac  liaiter  simply  to  free  himself.  vStay 
near  him  until  he  gives  up,  so  in  case  he  gets  into  trouble  you 
may  help  him  out. 

LEARNING  TO  LEAD.  -The  next  lessr,n  for  the  clt  is 
to  learn  to  be  led.  Take  the  colt  to  some  place,  where,  if  it 
throws  itself,  it  will  not  get  hurt.  The  best  time  to  learn  to  lead 
is  within  two  or  throe  weeks  after  liirth.  Have  the  lead  strap 
ID  to  twelve  feet  long.  I<et  the  colt  play  aroiuid  i:i  .■!  ciuk  if  it 
chooses  for  a  time.  Approach  hi'.!i  gently,  take  the  lead  strap 
four  or  five  feet  from  the  hialter  and  stand  facing  tin.-  colt:  com- 
mence to  pull  gently,  at  the  same  time  tellijig  him  to  ccane  to 
you;  if  he  starts  to  rear,  e;ise  up  a  little.  After  rearing  once  or 
twice  he  v>'ill  coai:.;  to  you,  then  pet  Inm;  jt^'jiliack  and  repeat 
the  process:  in  a  short  time  the  le~snn  i-  karnefl  and  lie  leads 
an>'w!ieie.  The  next  day  he  may  liave  partially  forgotten,  but 
it  soon  comes  to  him  again,  and  in  three  or  four  tlays  lie  leads 
like  an  old  horse. 

TO  MAKE  A  COLT  COME  TO  YOU.-  ilavealong, 
flexible  whip.  Place  \-onrseIf  just  so  f:ir  ahe:i'l  'ff  the  coit  that 
you  can  easily  touch  him  oti  liie  fbuik,  and  then  l)i(l  hiin  "come 
here,"  at  the  same  time  pulling  on  the  halter,  if  he  does  not 
come,  touch  him  on  the  flank  or  on  the  ft)relegs  lightlw  and  so 
continue  until  he  obeys.  If  he  pulls  bick,  check  him,  :ind  con- 
tinue touching  him  until  he  comes  to  you.  Then  pet  him,  give 
him  a  small  bit  of  sugar,  a  piece  of  apj>l  -,  or  something  that  he  is 
fond  of.  Continue  in  this  way  until  he  come-  n  adily  at  the 
word . 

HOW  TO  PROCEED  WITH  THE  BRIDLE.  -  To 
accustom  the  colt  to  the  use  of  the  bit  is  oue  of  the  lessous  to  be 


TRAINING  rUE  llORSK 


17 


early  learned.  A  biltiiiR  luidle  should  be  put  ou  for  an  hour  or 
more  :i  day  until  he  is  familiar  with  it.  An  "open  bridle"  should 
al\va>s  be  used  at  first  in  order  that  the  colt  may  see  and  familiar- 
ize himself  with  all  that  is  going  on  about  him.  There  should 
be  no  lines  or  reins  attached.  I.ater  this  style  of  bridle  may  be 
chanKcd  to  one  with  "blinders,"  then  gradually  the  use  of  lines 
may  be  tan^lit  him. 

LESSONS  IN  SOUND  SIGNALS.— Thus  far  the  en- 
deavor  has  been  to  accustom  the  colt  to  prompt  obedience  to 
connr.and  expressed  by  voice  and  signal.  The  voice  must  be  the 
chief  reliance.  The  signal  by  sound  should  always  precede  the 
signal  by  signs,  or  the  check  by  strap  or  rein,  and  should  always 
precede  the  tap  of  the  whip,  when  the  whip  is  necessary.  The 
same  word  shoulti  be  used  to  induce  the  performance  of  a  certain 
act,  as:  Whoal  back!  goon!  come  here!  When  this  has  been 
done  and  the  colt  taught  to  stand  at  rest,  to  lead  quietly  or  to 
circle  about  the  teacher  at  the  end  of  the  rein,  he  should  next  be 
taught  to  follow  the  master  about  the  yard  without  leading,  first 
with  tlie  halter  strap  in  hand,  the  tutor  backing  as  the  colt  fol- 
lows, and  afterwards  with  the  strap  around  the  neck  of  the  colt. 

The  first  lesstjn  in  backing  may  be  given  by  taking  the  colt 
by  the  head,  standing  in  front  of  him  and  -ising  the  word  "back," 
at  the  same  time  pushing  in  the  proper  direction,  and  tapping 
him  on  the  breast  if  necessary.  After  a  time  the  colt  will  back 
promptly  and  continuously  at  the  word.  This  lesson  and  all 
others  of  flexions  must  be  taught  with  the  bridle  and  l)it,  since 
to  back  easily  and  properly  the  head  must  be  raised. 

TEACHING  THE  COLT   TO  DRIVE   BEFORE 

BEING  HARNESSED.  -In  breaking  colts  a  large,  smooth  bit 
i->  to  be  preferred.  There  are  on  the  market  some  .slightly 
ne\il)Ie,  leather-covered  bits  that  are  very  good.  A  straight  or  a 
-ingle  joint  bit  is  to  be  preferred.  After  the  colt  is  thoroughly 
aoiuainted  with  the  bitting  rig,  a  saddle,  iK^ck  strap  and  crupper 
(if  a  single  harness  .should  be  carefully  put  on  and  be  kept  on  for 
an  hour  or  two  a  day,  until  he  is  well  accustomed  to  it.  WHien 
this  is  done  a  bridle  can  be  put  on,  the  lines  passed  through  the 
lou"s  for  the.  shafts,  and  the  colt  driven.      I3v  nassing  the  lines 


I8 


THlv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


through  the  loops,  the  colt  can  be  prevented  from  whirling 
around  and  getting'  tangled  up  in  the  lines.  It  is  usually  a  gcx)d 
plan  to  have  an  attendant  lead  the  colt  until  lie  understands  what 
is  wanted  of  him.  Make  haste  slowly  and  remember  that  while 
ot  necessit>  the  instructions  lierein  given  must  of  necessity  follow 
in  close  order,  that  the  instructions  to  the  colt  should  be  extended 
gradually  over  his  entire  collhood.  Ter.ch  him  to  move  his  liody 
in  the  direction  his  head  is  turned.  Drive  him  to  the  right  in  a 
circle  for  a  time,  then  to  the  left  untd  he  readily  answers  the 
prompting  of  the  reins. 

HARI  ESSING  AND  DRIV.NG.— At  al)out  two  years 
is  the  best  time  to  put  the  colt  to  li^ht  work.  He  has  better 
teeth  than  at  three  years,  and  has  arrived  at  tlie  period  when 
careful  driving  will  assist  to  spread  and  develop  the  frame.  The 
great  danger  here  is  giving  too  much  work,  and  unless  this  be 
guarded  against,  he  best  not  be  trained. 

After  the  colt  has  been  taught  to  drive  suigle,  the  breeching 
and  traces  should  be  attached  and  arratiged  so  there  will  be  no 
flapping  and  the  colt  hitched  up  with  a  reliable  but  cp.iick  acting 
horse.  It  is  a  mistake  to  put  a  colt  with  a  slow,  la/.y  horse,  for 
his  actions  only  irritate  and  confute  the  colt.  After  l)eing  driven 
double  awhile,  hitch  the  pair  to  a  substantial  vehicle.  When 
hitching  up  a  colt  for  the  fir^t  time  in  tins  way,  it  is  a  good  plan 
to  put  a  pair  of  single  lines  on  the  colt's  bridle,  which  may  be 
handled  by  an  assistatit.  In  hitching  up  double,  a  good,  heavy 
wa^on  is  preferable,  and  esjiecially  one  with  a  brake.  Place  the 
colt  on  the  "off"  side,  as  lie  is  more  easily  managed  there,  and 
can  be  touched  up  with  tlie  whip  better.  If  the  colt  rears  and 
plunges,  keep  the  steady  lior.se  in  motion  and  talk  to  the  colt. 
If  he  shows  too  nnich  temper,  a  few  good  cuts  with  the  whip 
will  bring  him  to  term^,  but  in  punishing  strike  bul  once, 
repeating  if  necess.iry.  This  discipline,  .administered  with  care, 
and  driving  to  make  them  waywise,  is  all  the  difficulty  one  nfecl 
ever  have  with  colts. 

Some  h(^rse  trainers  prefer  breaking  a  colt  in  shafts  before 
hitc'iiniz  bini  nti  double.  A  cart  for  breaking  colts  single  should 
be  substantial,  with  long,  heavy  thills,  and  the  seat  arranged 


TRAINING  THE  HORSK 


ly 


behind  so  the  driver  can  Rct  off  and  on  quickly.  The  colt  should 
be  hitched  far  enough  ahead  in  the  cart  so  that  he  cannot  kick 
to  do  any  damage.  A  strap— commonly  called  a  "kick  strap"- 
attached  to  each  shaft  and  passed  over  the  colt's  croup  should 
always  be  used  until  the  colt  is  well  accustomed  to  the  thills. 

When  a  colt  is  first  hitched  up  in  a  two-wheeled  cart,  an 
attendant  should  hold  him  initil  the  driver   is   ready,  then   he 
should  be  allowed  to  go.     As  soon  as  he  becomes  familiar  with 
the  cart,  he  should  be  compelled  to  stand  until  he  is  told  to  start. 
Teaclrug  a  colt  to  back  is  usually  best  done  by  placing  him 
in  with  a  hoise  that  will  back  well,  the  wagon  being  placed  part 
way  up  a  «l>ht  incline  so  it  will  nni  back  easily,  and  after  a  time 
backed  oii  .2vel  ground.     An  assistant  takes  the  lines  and  tells 
the  colt  to  back,  while  the  trainer  takes  hold  of  the  colt's  bit  on 
either  side  and  assists  in  forcing  him  backward.     If  he  refuses  to 
go,  a  slight  cut  across  his  front  legs,  or  tapping  the  legs  with  the 
toe  will  cause  him  to  step  back.     Time  and  patience  are  often 
required  to  make  a  colt  back  well.    He  must  always  be  compelled 
to  respond  to  a  traction  of  the  bit,  even  if  a  cut  witii  the  whip  be 
necessary.     He  should  not  be  allowed  to  twist  head  and  neck 
,-iround  without  moving  the  body.     In  teaching  him  to  draw,  he 
should  be  hitched  with  another  horse  of  his  own  temperament  and 
agility.     At  first,  loads  must  be  light,  increasing  as  he  becomes 
accustomed  to  his  wot  k.     A  young  horse  not  accustomed  to  pull- 
ing should  never  be  hitched  to  a  load  if  there  is  any  doubt  of  his 
ability  to  move  the  same  readily. 

HOW  TO  SADDLE-BREAK   THE   COLT.— Prepare 

the  saddle  by  tying  each  stirrup  strap  in  a  knot  to  make  them 
short,  preventing  them  from  flying  about  and  hitting  the  colt. 
Then  double  up  the  skirts  and  take  the  saddle  in  your  right  arm 
so  as  not  to  frighten  him  with  it  when  you  approach.  When  you 
get  to  him,  rub  him  gently  a  few  times  with  your  hand,  then 
raise  the  saddle  very  slowly  until  he  can  see  it  and  smell  and  feel 
it  with  his  nose.  Now  let  the  skirts  loose  and  rub  them  very 
gently  against  his  neck,  the  way  the  hair  lies  letting  him  hear 
the  rattle  of  the  skirts  and  feel  them  against  him,  each  time  a 
Utile   fanhci'  backward,  and   flsially  shp  it   over  on   ..'.s  _ack. 


:::t) 


Till':  i'KACTICAI,  STUCK  DOCTOR 


1 


Shake  it  a  little  with  yuur  hand,  ami  in  a  lillle  tinio  yo;i  can 
rattle  it  about  over  Ins  back  as  you  pkahc,  \in\\  it  oil  ami  throw 
it  on  again  without  hi-,  i>ayniK  nuich  attention  to  it.  A.s  soon  as 
you  ha%c  accu>tonKd  hiiu  to  the  saddle,  fasten  the  girth.  Be 
careful  about  tliis.  It  oUen  frightens  a  olt  to  feel  the  girth 
tighten  around  liini.  Brin-  it  up  very  Keully,  and  do  not  draw 
it  too  ti.i;ht  at  fir.^t-unly  j"^!-  enou-h  to  hold  the  saddle  on. 
Move  him  a  little  and  then  ti-hten  as  you  wil',  and  he  will  not 
mind  it.  You  >liuuld  then  ie  id  him  about  thestal>le  a  few  times; 
then  remove  the  saddle  and  replace  it.  See  that  there  are  no 
loo>e  straps  ab.nit  the  saddle  to  Oap  about  ;ind  scare  him.  After 
he  becomes  thoroughly  accustomed  to  the  saddle,  and  is  not  afraid 
to  see  you  anywhere  about  him,  ami  will  follow  you  anywhere 
you  wish  to  go  with  the  saddle  cm  him,  y(m  may,  if  he  is  old 
enoUKh  to  bear  your  weight,  proceed  to  mount. 

HOW  TO  MOUNT  THE  COLT.— You  should  go  all 
around  Inm,  move  the  saddle  skirts  and  see  that  they  do  not  frighten 
hun.  Place  a  block  l^y  the  side  of  the  colt  and  get  on  the  block. 
If  he  seems  friglitened  at  your  apix-aring  higher  than  usual, 
repeal  the  le.s-on  until  the  fear  is  all  removed.  Go  slow.  Lean 
on  the  saddle,  put  your  foot  in  the  stirrup,  and  allow  him  to  bear 
your  weight.  Allow  your  knees  to  rest  against  him  and  you:  toe 
to  touch  him  under  the  shoulder.  Repeat  this  several  times, 
or  until  the  animal  is  accustomed  tcj  it.  You  may  now  raise  your 
leg  over  his  croup  and  he  will  iiol  get  f  ri.;htened.  When  these  pre- 
cautions are  taken,  there  are  few  hors.-  so  wild  that  you^  cannot 
now  mount  without  making  him  jump.  When  moimting,  the 
horse  should  always  stand  witlKiUt  being  held. 

HOW  TO  RIDE    THE    COLT. -When  you    want    the 

colt  to  start,  do  not  touch  him  on  the  .n;  le  with  the  heel  or  strike 
him  with  tile  whii>.  At  once  speak  to  him  kindly,  and  if  he  does 
r.ot  Mart,  jmll  him  a  little  to  the  left  until  ho  does  so,  then  let  him 
walk  oil  slowly  witli  the  le  ns  loo.se.  Ckt  on  and  off  until  he  will 
s*and  when  you  get  into  the  saddle.  Get  on  from  both  sides 
until  he  l^ecomes  thorou-hly  familiar  with  the  movements  and 
stands  still.     After  you  have  trained  hnu  in  this  way  tor  sevejai 


TRAINING  THE  HORSE 


21 


hours  you  can  ride  him  anyv/here  without  having  him  jump  or 
mnke  an  ciTort  to  throw  you.  When  you  mount  a  colt,  take  a 
little  shorter  hold  on  the  loft  rein,  so  that  if  anything;  frightens  him 
\  on  can  keep  him  from  jumping  liy  pulling  his  head  around.  This 
o[ieraliim  of  pulling  a  horse's  head  .around  to  his  side  will  prevent 
his  jumping  ahead,  rearing  up,  or  running  away.  If  he  is  stub- 
horn  and  will  not  go,  you  can  make  him  move  by  pulling  his 
head  around  to  one  side,  when  \hipping  will  have  no  effect. 
Turn  him  around  and  around  until  he  gets  dv/./.y,  then  give  him 
In's  head  aiid  a  little  touch  with  the  whip  and  he  will  go  along 
without  any  trouliU-.  The  martingale  should  never  be  used  when 
a  colt  is  learning.  lie  should  now  be  pcrfeclly  -Tentle  and  familiar 
with  the  lialter,  bridlv,  saddle  and  tlie  dilTiijiit  parts  of  the 
harness,  and  should  be  accust,  inied  to  follow  read.ily  when  Ivd 
cither  by  the  halter  or  bridle,  and  to  stand  in  either  the  company 
t)f  other  horsis  or  nloiie. 


HOW  TO  BREAK  WILD  AND  VICIOUS  COLTS.- 

One  of  the  best  plans  for  breaking  wiUl  and  vicious  colts  is  by 
what  is  known  as  the  Rarey  method.  This  consists  in  conquering 
the  animal  by  deprixing  hini  of  the  use  of  his  limbs,  and  nmking 
him  feel  that  he  is  utterly  powerless  in  the  hands  of  the  operator, 
and  must  submit  to  whatevr  is  required  of  him.  It  is  a  system 
that  condenses  in  a  short  time  the  work  that  would  ordinarily 
cover  the  whole  jK-riod  of  colthood  up  to  the  time.  Mr.  Rarey 
used  an  ordinary  halter  to  whicli  he  attached  a  straight  bar  l)it 
4'i  inches  long  between  the  rings,  with  side  bars.  The  attach- 
ment is  made  by  means  of  two  small  billets  uiid  buckles.  Tiie 
first  step  will  be  to  halter  the  colt,  which  ma}-  be  done  by  driving 
him  into  a  c!ose  box  or  stall  and  haltering  him  if  necessary  from 
the  outside.  When  bridled  the  next  move  is  to  ihrow  him  on  his 
side.  To  throw  him,  do  asclirccted  in  ( i!'!:!'A'rii>\-.'-'.  o!i  paue  ,;.|7. 
When  dviwn,  ml)  and  caress  him,  treating  him  with  the  utmost 
gentleness,  and  every  effort  should  be  made  to  quiet  his  fears  and 
soothe  his  exitemeiit.  He  must  be  shown  that  though  mastered 
he  is  not  in  any  wav  hurt.  Stroke  his  hair  with  the  hand;  pat 
his  bod}',  neck,  and  head;  handle  his  feet,  legs,  and  ears;  in  this 
way  manipulating  every  part  of  the  body.     The  ODerator  may 


22 


THR  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


now  sit  down  upon  him  and  get  r11  over  him;  for  the  more 
motions  and  clianges  that  can  be  gone  throngli  with,  the  better. 
The  liarness  should  be  rubbed  over  him;  the  saddle  laid  on  him; 
and  the  chains  rattleil  over  him  if  such  are  used.  Ccmtinue  this 
until  all  symptoms  of  fear  have  disappeared,  and  tlitu  allow  him 
to  get  up.  When  on  his  feet,  place  thu  saddle  on  his  back  and 
each  j-iiLce  of  harness.  If  he  scares  and  jumps  and  acts  ugly, 
take  lliein  olT  and  throw  him  as  at  first.  I'ring  the  buggy  and 
allow  the  wliLcls  to  pass  around  where  he  can  see  them,  and  lay 
the  shafts  on  him.  Continue  doing  this  until  he  is  familiar 
with  every  part  of  harness,  saddle  and  carriage.  Whatever  is 
undertaken  must  be  ])erseveringly  taught  until  understood,  for  if 
the  horse  is  not  thoroughly  con(iuered  at  the  outset,  a  long  course 
of  training  will  be  needed  to  bring  him  to  proper  subjection. 
Du  not  use  harsh  words  or  means.  In  handling  the  colt  be  gentle 
a"d  soothing,  bearing  in  mind  that  the  law  of  kindness  is  more 
j)otent  than  that  of  force.  All  directions  given  for  training  colts 
apply  here. 

Another  method  that  is  very  effectual  in  taming  wild  and 
ugly  colls  is  by  the  use  of  the  knee  strap.  It  is  esjxjcially  good 
for  a  "kicker."  Take  up  one  forefoot  and  bend  the  knee  until 
the  hoof  is  liottom  upward:  and  then  slip  a  loop  over  his  knee  and 
shove  it  up  until  it  comes  above  the  pastern  joint,  l>eing  careful 
to  draw  the  looji  together  belweeti  the  hoof  and  {)astern  joint  with 
a  second  straj)  to  keep  the  loop  from  slipping  down  and  off.  This 
will  leave  the  horse  standing  on  three  legs;  he  can  be  handled 
with  ease  in  this  position,  for  he  cannot  do  much  hampered  in 
this  maimer.  When  the  horse's  foot  is  first  fastened  up,  he  will 
sometimes  get  in  a  rage,  striking  with  his  knee  and  trying  in 
e\ery  way  to  get  the  foot  to  the  ground;  but  he  will  soon  give 
this  up  and  with  it  abandon  all  ugly  actions,  be  willing  to  obey, 
and  generally  be  docile.  Reix;at  this  as  often  as  required.  This 
method  is  attended  with  less  trouble  and  danger  than  any  other 
method,  since  after  tying  up  the  foot  you  can  sit  down  and  let 
him  fight  it  out.  When  he  gives  up,  go  to  him,  let  down  the 
foot,  rub  his  leg  with  your  hand,  caress  him  and  let  him  rest  a 
few  minutes,  then  put  it  up  again.  Rt'i^eat  this  a  few  times, 
always  putting  up  the  same  foot,  and  he  will  lean;   j  travel  some 


TRAINING  THE  HORSE 


33 


distance  on  three  legs.  When  a  little  used  to  this  way  of  going, 
put  on  the  harness  and  hitch  up  to  the  cart  or  sulky.  Kven  if  a 
kicker,  no  fears  need  be  harbored  that  he  will  do  damage  with 
one  foot  up,  nor  run  very  fast;  if  he  wants  to  run  and  is  given 
every  privilege,  and  even  ur^^cd,  he  will  go  but  slowly  on  three 
legs,  and  will  soon  tire  and  be  ready  to  stop.  If  when  discon- 
tinuing the  strapping  np  j^rocess  there  is  fear  that  the  horse  may 
run  or  act  viciously,  straps  with  rings  may  be  buckled  below  the 
fetlock  on  each  foreleg,  a  small  roi>e  tied  securely  in  the  ring 
of  the  strap  on  the  right  leg,  passed  over  the  belly-band  and 
down  through  the  ring  on  the  left  foreleg,  then  passed  up  over 
the  belly-band  again  a;  1  held  by  an  assistant  who  walks  or  rides 
with  the  trainer.  In  case  of  trouble,  the  assistant  by  pulling  on 
the  rope  can  hold  up  one  or  both  feet.  If  a  horse  shows  a  tend- 
ency to  kick,  a  twitch  on  the  lines  will  often  distract  bis  atten- 
tion and  prevent  kicking.  In  the  case  of  a  nervous  and  irritated 
horse,  placing  a  blindfold  over  the  eyes  will  frequently  direct  his 
attention  in  another  direction. 

Horses  have  also  been  successfully  tamed  after  being  haltered 
by  attaching  to  the  halter,  by  a  strong  snap,  a  long  roixi  (25  or 
30  feet)  at  its  middle,  and  having  the  ends  held  by  two  attendants, 
whose  only  duty  is  to  keep  the  rope  spread,  and  to  acconnnodate 
themselves  to  the  movements  of  the  colt,  so  as  to  keep  it  as  nearly 
within  l)ounds  as  possible,  the  trainer's  part  being  to  direct  the 
work  and  to  talk  to  the  colt.  After  rearing  and  plunging  until 
completely  exhausted,  tin-  colt  will  be  in  condition  for  the  master 
to  begin  the  lessons  in  training. 

HOW  TO  USE  A  STUBBORN  HORSE  IN  BREAK- 
INC.— If  the  animal  you  are  training  has  a  stubborn  or  mulish 
disposition,  rather  than  being  wild:  if  he  lays  back  his  ears  as  you 
approach  him,  or  turns  to  kick  you,  he  has  not  proper  regard  or 
fear  of  man,  and  it  might  te  well  to  give  him  a  few  sharp  cuts 
with  the  whip  about  the  legs,  pretty  close  to  the  body.  It  will 
crack  sharply  as  it  plies  about  the  legs,  and  the  crack  of  the  whip 
will  affect  him  as  much  as  the  stroke.  Do  not  whip  much;  only 
just  enough  to  frighten  him.  But  whatever  you  do,  do  it  with  a 
good  deal  of  fire,  though  without   anger.    If  you  cannot  control 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


yourself  you  are  not  fit  to  handle  horses.  UTicn  he  does  right, 
jKit  and  caress  him,  giving  him  a  piece  of  api)le  or  something  he 
is  fond  of.  If  lie  dnc^  wrong,  give  him  the  whip.  As  soon  as 
he  is  frightened  en()nj;h  to  stand  up  and  pay  some  attention,  go 
up  to  him  and  ]'et  him  a  great  deal  more  than  you  whipped  him; 
by  so  doing  you  will  excite  the  two  oiUrolling  passions,  love  and 
fear,  and  he  •will  love  and  fear  you.  Then  as  soon  as  lie  under- 
stands what  you  want,  he  will  obey  (piickly. 

If  the  animal  is  too  imihMi  to  yield  to  careful  and  gentle 
treatment  .a>  is  here  given,  then  resort  to  the  treatment  as  in  the 
case  of  laming  wild  and  vicious  colts  on  page  21. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  COME  AT  COMMAND. 

Take  a  small-sized  rope  alM.ut  15  feet  long  and  tie  it  around  the 
horse's  neck  the  same  as  thou;.;!!  you  were  tying  him  to  a  i>ost; 
then  draw  the  rope  huk  between  the  horse's  neck  and  the  rope, 
and  }oii  will  form  a  loo]i;  by  imiting  this  over  the  lower  jaw 
you  will  have  a  oridk-  that  will  be  a  jiower  in  your  hands. 
Having  put  on  the  bridle  take  hold  of  the  rojie  about  5  feet  from 
the  end,  and  give  him  a  few  side  pulls,  saying  at  the  same  time, 
"Come  here,  sir!"  Then,  (|iiickly  taking  hold  of  the  end  of  the 
rope,  say,  distinctly.  "Come  here,  sir!"  and  if  he  comes,  caress 
him:  if  he  does  not  come,  give  him  a  pull  sidewise,  and  repeat 
the  command  umil  he  obeys.  Now  start  off  with  the  rope,  either 
to  the  right  or  to  the  left,  and  if  he  does  not  follow  you,  give 
him  another  twitch,  and  he  will  soon  learn  to  follow  you. 
Ordinarily  it  11  be  t.iuglit  in  ten  lainutes.  Use  the  .same  means 
when  turning  horse  out  to  p.a^ture,  only  let  the  rope  go  and  trail 
along  the  ground,  and  when  he  gets  a  few  yards  away,  repeat 
the  command,  and  if  he  comes,  pat  him;  if  he  does  not,  give 
him  a  bvely  jerk,  and  he  will  soon  obey  without  the  use  of  the 
rope,  Xo  matter  how  far  away,  if  in  the  field,  all  that  is  neces- 
sary is  to  repeat  the  command  and  he  will  come.  It  is  quite 
necessary  t</  teach  a  hor>e  this  form  of  ol>edience,  as  it  is  the 
foundation  of  others,  .ind  is  uue  of  the  most  valuable  that  a 
horse  can  jkjsscss. 


TRAINING  THE  HORSE 


25 


TO    BREAK    A    HORSE   OF  REARING  UNDER 
THE  SADDLE  OR  BEFORE  A  CARRIAGE.— Attach  a 

sniail  cord  tiKlilly  around  the  swell  of  the  body,  tie  with  a  loop 
knot,  one  that  will  not  slip,  and  carry  it  hack  to  the  carriage. 
By  reason  of  not  heing  able  to  expan.l  his  body,  the  horse  will 
not  rear,  since  he  cannot  do  so  without  body  expansion.  The 
method  is  so  siini)le  that  one  would  say  that  there  is  nothing  to 
it,  but  if  put  to  the  tt>t  it  will  be  found  of  great  value  in  remov- 
ing a  UMSt  unpleasant  if  not  a  dangerous  habit. 

TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  STAND  STILL  WITHOUT 

HITCHING.  First  t.-ac!i  the  horse  to  follow  you.  When  he 
will  -lo  this,  stand  him  in  the  center  of  the  stable.  Hegin  careft.s- 
ing  hini  at  the  head  and  gradually  work  backward.  If  he  moves, 
give  him  a  cut  with  the  wliip  and  put  him  back  in  the  same  place 
as  at  first.  If  he  stands,  pel  him.  Continue  this  until  you  can 
walk  about  him  without  making  him  move.  Keep  walking  about 
him,  incrcasm-  the  distance  gradually,  but  occasionally  touch  and 
.  aress  him.  .\fler  getting  some  distance  from  him,  if  he  should 
move,  give  lum  anotlur  cut  with  the  whip  and  put  him  back  in 
his  place.  If  he  stan  ^,  go  to  him  freiiuently  ^nul  ix.-t  him.  Go 
round  him  as  before:  then  stand  him  in  another  spot  and  proceed 
as  at  first. 

TO  TRAIN  A  HORSE  TO  STAND  STILL  WHILE 
GETTING  INTO  A  CARRIAGE.— If  the  horse  rears  up  and 
starts  smldenly,  or  will  not  stand  long  enough  to  get  in,  do  not 
whip  him  for  it,  as  that  only  ad.ls  to  the  trouble  and  may  make 
him  stubborn  so  that  he  will  refuse  to  go  when  called  up<m.  In- 
stead, when  he  is  hitched,  pet  him  about  the  he.ad,  then  take 
hold  of  the  lines  and  put  your  foot  on  the  step  and  shake  the  car- 
riage; if  he  starts,  p'dl  gradually  on  the  reins,  and  at  the  same 
time  say  "Whoa,  mv  boy,"  or  something  like  it.  Then  approach 
his  head  and  give  him  something  he  likes,  a.  ".  niece  of  apple, 
caress  him  on  the  head  between  the  eyes  and  on  the  nose  and 
neck.  C(mtiuue  this  for  some  minu.es.  When  mounted,  do  not 
:dlow  him  to  start  oil"  in  a  hurry:  let  him  start  <jfF  .slowly.  Perse- 
vere in  the  treatment  and  the  horse  will  become  kind  about  start- 
ing off. 


I 


36 


Tlir,  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


HOW  TO  MAKE  AN  ANIMAL  GET  UP  THAT 
THROWS  HIMSELF.  Animals  often  Ket  sulky  and  acquire 
the  habit  of  lying  down.  Horses  that  are  balky  when  urKtd  to 
go  will  often  lie  down  and  relnse  to  j^et  up.  Oxen  will  some- 
times lie  down  in  the  furrow  before  the  plow.  When  the  habit  is 
thorouKhly  settled,  it  becomes  very  niuioyinK  to  the  owner  or 
driver,  and  severe  means  are  often  resorted  to  without  avail.  The 
followiu);  will  be  found  effective: 

When  aniin.il  has  thrown  liiniself  and  refuses  to  Rct  up,  raise 
the  head  and  jwur  into  his  nostril  a  small  (juantity  of  water— not 
over  a  pint— and  the  result  will  be  both  cfTectivc  and  amusing. 
He  will  get  up  with  an  alacrity  that  will  make  amends  for  his 
sulkiness,  for  the  sensation  will  be  that  of  drowning  and  there 
will  1)e  no  tarrying  on  the  beast's  part  t<.  relieve  himsedf.  Simple 
though  this  may  seem,  bcir  it  in  mind,  and  the  first  time  ycm 
have  an  opportunity  to  try  its  power,  prove  it  to  your  satisfaction. 


^AT 

quire 
id  to 
»me- 
hit  is 
tr  or 
The 


raise 
-not 
sing. 
r  his 
here 
inple 
you 
tiou. 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSE 


To  know  sonicthiiiK  of  tl.e  structurt-  of  the  horse  is  of  utmost 
imiM.rt.uuo  In  every  one  who  Urct..l>,  rears,  --r  buys  tl-.e.n. 
since  m  the  iH.Tfeetion  of  the  jarls  that  ro  to  make  up  tbecomi  lete 
Lnimal-fineness  'uul  soli.lity  of  hone,  (nmmss  and  M.lhe.ency  of 
muscles,  healthy  organs  ..f  .expirations,  and  a  hi^h  nur.ual  condi- 
tion of  activity  in  the  di:-;e^tive  tract  lies  the  real  .alue  of  tins 
mcM  valual.le  >..rvant  of  .nan.  Not  only  this,  l,..t  hav.uK  so.ne 
knowledRe  of  the  IhkIv  and  its  strucCre,  tl.e  ouv.iu>  a..d  their 
fnnctio...,  one  is  ...uch  Utt.r  fitted  to  care  for,  to  treat  ...  case-  of 
.lisease  a..d  i.i  every  way  adva.ice  the  condition  of  a.,..nals  under 
his  care. 

THE  SKELETON  OF  THE  HORSE.  To  make  the 
1.0..V  ..r..clure  plain  t,.  the  reader,  wh.c  h  v.  ,11  first  he  couMdered. 
it  is  sh..wn  l.y  .liaKrani,  since  it  is  ..ot  only  the  most  easily  u..der- 
m„nd  but  is  the  most  accurate  method  of  presenlu.K  mfor.natiou 
of  this  character.  T.  .nake  the  object  lesson  still  more  easy, 
there  is  Kiven  in  the  illustration,  not  only  the  skeleton,  but  also 
a  back^Tound  of  the  outer  form  and  outline  of  the  horse. 

The  Head.-If  a  cross  or  lou-itudinaU.u  ..ere  m.ade  of  the 
heart    it  would  l)e  seen  to  Ik;  full  -f  cavities  or  sinuses,  the  uses 
of  which  are  to  li;-;hteu  the  head  an<l  to  warm  the  air  as  .t  passes 
uMu  tl.e  phary..x  on  its  way  to  the  hmK^s.     It  is  also  full  of  fora^ 
mi.ia  or   small  holes  for  the  nerves  from  the  bra....  and  blood 
vessels  to  pass  through  to  the  or^-ans  situated  in  the  head,  as  tl.e 
tongue,  lips  a.ul  the  ghu.ds  in  and  around  the  head.     There  are 
also  the  cavities  in  which  the  eyes  are  situated,  one  on  each  side  of 
the  head.    In  examining  the  cavity,  one  will  find  a  small  openuig 
through  which  the  optic  nerve  passes  in  coming  from  the  brain 
to  the  eye.     This  is  the  nerve  of  sight.     But  most  imi>ortant  of 
all  is  the  brain  cavity,  which  contains  that  organ,  through  which 
the  various  movements  and  functions  of  the  iK^iy  are  controlled. 


2S 


Till'   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Cervical,  or  Neck  Bones.  —  Of  these  there  are  seven  in 
nntr.'icr.  The  fir-t  hdiie  i-  called  "atlas;"  it  is  riiij;^liaped  with 
later'i!  ;i'i()ji_cti()ii>  like  the  c)Uis{)read  wings  of  a  bird.  It  articu- 
lalcs  wiih  the  skull  .iiid  his  great  freedom  of  motion  on  the  next 
h.iiie,  \',hi<-h  is  enlkd  the  axisor  ''deiitata,"  and  which  allows  the 
Lead  to  turn  in  an\  (lirectioti,  as  on  a  pivot.  Between  these  two 
iHiUcSt.n  the  upper  side  is  the  only  place  where  the  spina!  cord 
i-'.  not  cdvi  rt  tl  \\  itli  Imnc  -a  spot  not  1  u  s;rr  than    a  tw(  nty-five 


e'lt  pifv 


ii    is  wheru   the  ojKialiou  of   "pithiui;"    is    jkt- 


fornivil  in  kiihiii;  a  h'lrse.      The  rest  of  hones  '.re  not  named,  hut 
dimply  !;u;r.l  '■ri.il  fruui  hefuri.-  hack. 

Dorsal,  or  Back  Bones.  Th>  so  are  next  in  order  after  the 
H'.ek  iioiivs,  aiiil  there  are  i  iidilt  i  n  of  them.  The  height  of  the 
spiiK-i.n  the  ujiper  jiart  of  the  boucs  is  a  point  of  interest,  a- 
th -y  f  irni  tlu-  withers  of  the  horse,  as  may  be  noticed  in  the  cut. 
On  i.i'lier  -i(ie  these  bones  we  fhid  the  ribs  attached,  eit;hteen 
pai;-,  (:orri.~.p(>n>lini;  to  the  number  of  boius  in  the  back. 

Lumbar,  or  Small-of-the-Back  Bones. — These  are  six  in 
ir.niibe!  and  ;:e'-t  in  posili(jn  to  the  bones  noted.  They  are 
siln;il(  1  i:iniiediatLl\-  over  the  kidneys.  A  re  also  called  ''bones  of 
the  loin."  Tlieir  loiii;  side  proc-esscs  t^ive  the  wi(Uh  to  the  loins 
nnd  fT.:;iish  ;;tfachment  for  the  large  muscles  of  the  region. 

Sacral,  or  Croup  Bones,  -before  birth  these  are  five  in 
number,  but  thi.y  become  united  and  form  one  bone.  These  are' 
situiti  d  betwc'  11  the  upper  hip  bones  and  help  to  foiiu  the  croup 
of  tile  horse. 

Coccygeal,  or  Tail  Bones. — These  areeiRhtccii  in  number, 
.aii'!  the  point  of  iiuerc^l  i>  the  fact  of  growing  sni.aller  as  the  end 
of  the  tail  is  approached. 

Kip,  or  Pelvic  Bones. — Tlie  pelvis  is  iwade  up  of  si.K  bones, 
three  on  each  side,  all  ilnnly  united  in  one.  The  ilium  is 
strongly  attached  to  the  bones  of  the  croup,  and  maybe  called 
"the  keystone  of  the  .arch,"  the  outer  |)art  (jf  it  funning  the  pin 
of  the  lii[>  or  onte-  angle.  The  ischium  or  hip  bone  is  a  backward 
continuation  of  tbe  ilium,  and  bears  an  enlargement  wl'.ich  proi 


ANAToNU    t'l-   TUlv  IlORSlv 


-"J 


on  each  side  a  little  below  the  tail.     Tlie  pubis  is  a  single  bone 
;;ara.nn.ctea  with  the  others,  fornun,  an  uuer.ed  .jrch  w.U. 
th.ni,  and  forms  the  front  ,>art  of  the  lower  .urfacc  of  the  peh.s. 
Tlie  Viladder  lits  upon  thi-^  '•    ■■  • 

Sternum,  or  Breast  Boue,-'n,e  br.ast  bone  in  the  young 
oiciuuw  ,  ^     the  full  "rowu  horse  it 

lnjrsc    s  computed  ot  Si.s      -   t-.  »»'    ''•'    i""-  ""    ^     ,      , 
innsL   1^        .  \   .  ;  ,   ,  „,,  ,,       'T'l,,,  front  of   the  lione  is 

becomes  united  into  one  sond  ,■.•-.  c      11>- 

cmvcx  and  sharply  keeled,  and  its  upper  part  projects  so  as  to 
,,.  pkuuly  outlined  in  what  is  called  the  "  pent  of    h^-'.'';^^^^^^' 
la    part  just  bdow  the  lower  j>ortion  of  the  collar.     Th>s  bone   s 
.L  of  the  softest  of  the  body,  and  the  fast  eight  pa.rs  of  nl>sare 
attached  to  it  on  either  side. 

Ribs.  There  are  eighteen  pairs  of  ribs.  They  form  the 
hteral  walls  of  the  thorax  or  chest  cavity,  and  afford  protection 
to"ie  h.eart  and  lungs.  They  are  attached  above  to  the  dorsal 
g  on  of  the  back  bone.  Below,  the  first  eight  pairs  are 
"Lhed  directly  to  .he  sternum  or  breast  bone,  and  the^a^e 
called  the  true  ribs:  the  remanung  ten  p  urs  are  Ua  l.d 
indirectly  to  the  breast  bone  by  cartilages,  and  are  caUe^  f.dse 
ril  s  •  •  r.e,in.>ing  ^vith  the  first  rib  they  increase  in  length  to  the 
ninth,  then  grow  shorter  until  the  last  is  reached  which  is  only 
a  few  inches  in  length. 

Bones  of  the  Shoulder. -These  are  two  in  number:  the 
shoulder-blade  or  scapula,  and  the  shoulder  bone  -' --;•-- 
They  fo:m  the  shoulder  joint,  ^vhich  is  a  ball  and  sockc^  30  n 
and  has  a  strong  capsular  ligament,  and  is  held  down  to  is  pl^aee 
also  by  several  stnmg  muscles.  This  is  the  seat  of  want  is  called 
-Mioulder  joint  lamene-ss,"  The  elbow  joint  i>  formed  by  the 
lower  end  of  the  humerus  or  shouUler  bone,  and  the  upper  end. 
of  the  radius  and  ulna,  the  bones  of  the  forearm. 

Bones  of  the  Forearm.    The  upper  part  of  the  foreleg  of 
the  horse  IS  called  the  forearm,  and  is  composed  of  two  bone^ 
e:.tending  from  the  elbow  to  the  knee.     One  IS  behind  and  to 
some  extent  above  the  other;    there  being  a  '---^^'^f'^;;^ 
tion  received  between  the  heads  of  the  lower  bone  of  the  should-J 


3c 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I      I 


(humerus),  forming  a  jxiwerful  lever,  into  which  arc  inserted  the 
muscles  for  extending  llie  arm.  The  upper  boue  ends  in  a  point 
behind  the  mitldle  of  the  other  one. 

Bones  of  the  Knee. — These  l>ones  are  eight  in  number, 
arranged  in  two  rows,  three  in  each  row  and  one  back  of  each 
row.  The  one  back  of  the  upper  row  gives  prominence  to  tlie 
batk  of  the  knee,  actiiig  as  a  lever  and  should  l>e  large.  There 
are  three  transver.se  joints  in  the  knee,  one  between  the  upper 
row  and  the  radius  above,  one  between  the  two  rows,  and  one 
between  the  lower  row  and  the  bones  below.  The  greatest 
amount  of  movement  takes  place  between  the  upper  row  and  the 
radius,  a  small  amount  lietween  the  two  rows,  and  piactically 
none  between  the  lower  row  and  the  bones  below;  this  accounts 
for  the  fact  that  a  bony  growth  on  the  lower  part  of  the  knee 
may  not  stifTen  the  joint  to  a  noticealjle  extent.  The  bones  are 
all  held  together  by  a  large  number  of  ligaments,  making  the 
structure  very  strong. 

Bones  of  the  Cannon. — Between  the  knee  and  the  fetlock 
are  three  bones — one  large  b*  and  the  two  smaller  splint  bones. 
These  form  what  is  called  the  Cannon.  The  upper  end  of  the 
large  bone  articulates  with  the  lower  row  of  bones  in  the  knee, 
and  below  with  the  upper  pastern  at  the  fetlock  joint.  The  large 
bone  is  nearly  straight,  rounded  in  front  and  flattened  or  slightly 
concave  behind.  The  splint  bones,  which  are  to  strengthen  the 
cannon  bone,  diminish  to  a  point  before  reaching  the  fetlock  joint; 
they  are  attached  (me  to  either  back  border  of  the  large  bone, 
their  upper  ends  helping  to  supjxjrt  the  lower  row  of  bones  of  the 
knee. 

Bones  of  the  Pastern  and  the  Foot.— By  reference  to  cut, 
"Anatomy  of  Foot,"  showing  the  bones  of  the  lower  part  of  the 
front  leg,  all  the  bones  and  joints  may  be  seen.  The  part  of  the 
kg  between  the  fetlock  and  the  foot  is  called  the  "pastern."  The 
upi^r  pastern  bone  moves  freely  upon  the  cannon  bone,  and  at  the 
back  of  this  articulation  are  two  small  bones  called  "sessanujids. " 
Tlie  movement  between  the  upper  and  lower  pastern  bones  is 
not  very  great;  about  one-half  the  lower  bone  is  within  the  hoof. 


the 
oint 


ber, 

;ach 
the 

licre 

one 

itcst 

the 

:ally 

lints 

ciiee 

are 

the 


lock 
nes. 

the 
nee, 
art;e 
htly 

the 
Dint; 
one, 
■  the 


cut, 
the 
the 
Tlie 
t  the 
ds." 
;s  is 
ioof. 


I 


1  II 


1 1 


ANATO  IV  OF  THE  HORSE 


3» 


The  l«)c  is  formed  by  the  cuffiu  bone  which  is  surrounded  and 
enveloped  in  the  hoof.  The  navicular  or  shuttle  bone  lies  beueath 
and  partly  within  the  junction  of  the  cofRu  and  lower  pastern. 
It  is  a'so  enclosed  in  the  hoof. 

Bones  of  the  Hind  Leg.  -The  femur  or  upper  thigh  bone 
articulates  at  the  upper  end  with  the  ilium,  which  is  in  turn  ^oined 
to  the  back  bone.  Tlie  femur  is  very  large  and  strong,  and  has 
upon  it  large  projections  for  the  attachment  of  important  muscles. 
The  upi>er  end  of  the  fenmr  has  a  rounded  head  on  the  inner 
side,  fitting  into  and  articulating  with  acupdike  cavity  formed  at 
the  junction  of  the  three  pelvic  bones.  At  the  end  below  are 
the  two  prominences  fitting  into  the  depressions  in  the  tibia  or 
lower  thigh  bone,  and  in  front  of  which  is  a  gr(JOve  for  the  patella 
or  knee-cnp  to  work  in,  tlie  whole  making  what  is  called  "the  stifle 
joint."  The  lower  thigh  is  made  up  of  two  bones,  the  tibia  or 
main  bone,  and  the  fil)ula  or  small  bone  at  the  outer,  upper  part, 
which  reaches  down  the  tibia  about  one-third  its  length,  and  is 
attached  to  it. 

Bones  of  the  Hock,  or  Tarsus  Joint.  This  joint  contains 
six  and  .sometimes  seven  bones.  They  are  interposed  between 
the  tibia  above  and  the  cannon  bones  behnv.  Most  of  the  move- 
ment of  the  joint  takes  place  l)elween  the  tibia  and  the  upper 
front  bone  of  the  hock;  these  articulate  in  such  a  way  as  to  give 
a  large  amount  of  motion;  but  slight  motion  takes  place  between 
the  other  bones.  The  jirojecting  bone  at  the  back,  which  forms 
the  iK)int  of  the  hock,  acts  as  a  lever  for  the  attachment  of  a  large 
tendon. 

The  bones  below  the  hock  in  the  hind  legs  are  the  same  as 
those  below  the  knee  in  front. 

THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  HORSE.— In  the  previous 
articles  the  skeleton  of  the  horse  was  set  forth.  In  this  article 
we  will  as  clearly  as  possible  say  something  of  the  muscidar 
system.  l"or  purpo.ses  of  accuracy  the  scientific  world  has 
adopted  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages  as  the  source  of  names, 
since  they  are  generally  understood  by  scholars;  for  this  reason 
it  is  difficult  to  go  into  the  detail  of  names  in  a  popular  work  such 


»¥ 


32 


TIIJ':  I'kACTlCAl,  ST()CK.  l)UC'r(JR 


II    j 


as  this  witliout  cumberiuj;  it  wiili  a  great  lu.is:,  .jt  u^,i.l..i-,s  matter, 
but  we  will  try  and  give  a  goodly  aiuouiit  ul  iiistruciiou  and  put 
it  into  language  ea>y  of  cumiireliensioii. 

Musck'S  are  tlie  actiw  organs  of  motion,  tacli  I'LJiig  separated 
from  the  other  by  a  thin,  delicate  UKiiibrane  <  i"  conneclive  tissue, 
which  forms  a  sheath  for  the  muscle.  Tliey  are  divided  into  two 
parts— fleshy  and  tendinous.  The  first  is  larger  than  the  second 
and  is  sometimes  called  the  "belly  of  liieinusde."  It  is  ihe  "lean 
niea',"  to  u-.e  a  ix)inilar  term.  At  b)lli  ends  uf  theiiuiscle  is  the 
tendinous  p.irt,  which  is  hard  and  •.vliite  and  forms  the  attach- 
ment to  the  bone.  I-;\.iy  murcle  is  aaaclnd  to  two  or  more 
places  on  (liU^iciit  bones,  and  1,;.  their  (.oniraaion  mo\e  the  jonils 
wt  the  boily.  They  are  supplied  with  nervo,  whi^h  give  energy 
and  fieliiig,  and  alM>  well  ^^Ipplied  with  >n!ai;  blood  vessels, 
Jiom  whicli  the  muscle  is  fcl.  There  are  two  kinds  of  muscles 
— voluntary  and  involuntary.  The  voluntary  are  under  the 
control  of  the  will  of  the  animal,  as  the  muscles  which  move  the 
leg  or  head.  The  involunt.iry  are  those  that  work  without  con- 
scious acti.  ^11  (jf  the  will,  such  as  those  i)f  tlie  heart,  or  of  the 
breathing  organs. 

Muscles  of  the  Head  and  Neck.— The  nias>eter  muscle 
forms  the  cheek  of  the  horse,  and  it.-  fn  net  ion  is  to  close  the 
jaw;  the  temporal  mus.  le  also  as.^ists  in  the  action  of  chewing, 
and  tlu-  dimpling  seen  above  the  ej  c  in  doing  so  is  from  the 
action  of  this  muscle.  The  ey.^  has  two  mu.scles— one  to  close 
the  eye  and  one  to  raise  the  eyelid.  The  ear  mu.-cles  are 
not  con.spicuous;  one  turn:,  tlie  ear  h^rward,  a  second  turns  it 
inward  and  backward,  while  a  third  dL>cends  at  the  back  of  the 
cheek  and  turns  the  ear  outward.  Tl;e  nose  and  lip  muscles  an.- 
imi)ortant,  since  they  aid  in  gathering  food,  and  in  expanding 
and  contracting  the  nostrils  in  breathing.  They  also,  in  connec- 
tion with  those  of  the  ears,  aid  one  in  judging  niueli  as  to  tlie 
tenifier  of  the  horse.  (Jne  muscle  entirely  surrounds  the  mouth, 
and  it  opens  and  closes  the  lip>:  another,  a  pyramid  .shai)ed  muscle, 
covers  the  nostril,  and  also  raises  the  up.pvr  lip.  The  under  lip 
is  drawn  back  by  a  narrow  muscle,  which  is  inserted  into  the  lip 
below  the  angle  of  the  mouth;  it  i)asses  along  the  side  of  the  jaw, 
disappearing  under  the  clieek  muscle— tb.e  mn-sclcr. 


ANATOMY  O"  THK  IIORSI- 


33 


One  of  ll't-'  principal  muscles  of  the  neck  originates  in  the 
four  or  live  tirst  dorsal  txnies  and  in  the  lower  live  b<ines  of 
the  nci-k;  from  these  {xjints  uniting  into  one  muscle,  which  makes 
up  the  principal  lower  part  of  the  iKck,  and  which,  diminishing 
in  si/e  as  ii  passes  toward  th<>  head,  terminates  in  a  tendon 
inserted  in  the  hone  covering  the  top  of  the  head.  Above  this 
is  another  muscle  ca-.a!  the  spleiiius,  which  is  inserted  into  all 
the  hones  of  the  neck  except  the  lirst,  but  havini;  with  this  and 
the  top  of  i\\v  head  a  separate  cotnuclion.  To  the  form  and 
development  of  these  nuiscles  the  muscularity  and  beauty  of  the 
neck  is  due.  The  thick  crest  and  mas.sive  neck  of  the  stallion 
are  largely  due  to  the  develojjment  of  these  muscles. 

On  the  front  of  the  neck  are  three  muscles  that  may  be 
imntioneil,  the  t'irst  of  which  is  the  hyoid  imiscie;  this  is  attached 
to  the  hyoid  biiiie  of  the  tongue:  descends  ,dong  the  front  of  the 
neck  close  to  the  tr'iciua,  or  windpipe,  to  the  point  of  the  breast, 
I  lit  i'^  for  most  of  its  lengtli  covered  by  other  muscles.  The 
principal  depressor  luuscle  of  the  neck  p.irtly  covers  the  hyoid 
inns'le:  it  rises  from  the  upper  part  of  the  point  of  the  breast, 
covers  the  lower  front  of  the  neck,  proceeds  upward  just  under- 
neatli  the  skin,  and  is  in.scrted  by  a  flat  tendon  into  the  rear  an^le 
of  the  lower  jaw.  It  forms  the  lower  border  of  thegrooveon  the 
side  of  the  neck,  called  (he  "  jugular  furrow."  Kxtendhiir  from 
th,-  b.ick  (if  th,-  luad  v.\\i\  uj-i'er  pait  of  uei-k,  al'-n.:  .m.  -•', 
it  i\\-:.  iK,k  torming  the  upjXT  border  of  the  jugular  furrov/  is  an 
i.hlM.i  t.uit  muscle  which  spreads  out  over  the  [Xjint  of  the 
sliouUler.  It  has  a  double  function:  with  the  h^  id  fixed  by  its 
own  muscles,  it  becomes  the  jioint  from  which  tliis  muscle  raises 
the  shoulder — but  the  action  can  be  reversed.  With  the  .shoulder 
as  the  fi.Ked  point,  the  head  can  lie  depressed  by  means  of  a  small 
slip  of  muscle  being  carried  forward  to  the  point  of  the  breast 
bone  to  bear  the  head  in  that  direction.  The  muscles  are  all 
arranged  in  pairs,  sometimes,  but  rarely  in  contact;  so  that  in 
speaking  of  them  in  the  singular,  their  function  and  position  is  to 
be  understood  as  applying  to  each  side  of  the  animal. 

Muscles  of   the  Shoulders  and  Back.— An  important 
muscle  is  one  called  the  trapezius  muscle.      It  rises  from  the 


I! 


:>) 


Tin.;  I'RACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


liKatiH'iit  of  the  neck  arnl  the  jiriiuipa'  hoius  of  tin.'  wiilitrs, 
and  terminates  in  a  pouiteil  ^liape  on  the  j)ionnnent  imit  of  the 
shoul(Ier-l)la(le.  Its  otiice,  assisted  by  another  muscle,  is  to  raise 
and  support  tlie  sliouldeis.  (Occupying  tlie  outer  surface  of  the 
slioulder  hla<ie,  on  tlie  front  side  of  the  spineor  ridj,'o  of  that  hone, 
is  another  important  nuiscle,  the  anterior  spinatus.  It  juoceeds 
ti)  the  lower  hone  of  the  shoulder  ( the  humerus),  and  dividing 
into  two  j)arts  is  inserted  into  the  two  prominences  on  the  front 
of  it.  Itsofiiee  is  to  carry  Hie  1"  me  fi>rward.  Covering  the  shonkier- 
Made.  hack  of  thel)on\-  ridi;c,  is  .niother  nuisele  tailed  the  i)osterior 
sjiinatus.  It  is  tliese  two  nlu-^iks  winch  waste  away  in  Sweeny. 
Inside  the  arm  at  the  junitiou  with  the  body  is  the  larj;e  pectoral 
,c;roup  of  four  muscles,  whose  work  is  to  pull  tiie  whole  forele<^ 
inward,  keeping  it  in  line  with  tlie  body,  inducing'  an  even  and 
regular  action  of  that  member,  and  formiiie,  the  breast.  On  the 
outside  nf  the  shoulder,  and  ea-ily  ;eeu  when  the  horse  is  in 
uiotii.n,  is  n  'riangular  j;rouj)  of  lar,i;e  nur-clcs,  whose  oflice  is  to 
slraij;hten  and  exten<l  the  forearm,  brin.^ini;  it  down  jh  rjRiidiru- 
l.irly  and  in  line  with  the  lower  bone  of  the  shoulder  (the 
liunuvus).  Ari^in^'  from  the  back  l)order  of  the  slionMer  blade 
aiid  the  lower  bone  of  the  shoulder,  they  are  inserted  into  the 
])oint  of  the  elbow.  The  nnisiles  which  bend  the  forearm  up- 
wards .ire  not  visible  in  the  living'  horse,  being  nearly  covered  by 
tliosi  of  the  shoulder. 

The  princi])al  muscle  of  the  back  extends  from  the  shoulder 
to  the  haunch:  it  is  stroii!;ly  attached  to  the  processes  of  the  back 
Kmes  and  to  the  ribs,  and  is  employed  in  raisins;  the  fore  and 
hind  parts  and  in  rearin.i,'  .md  kickiuc;.  The  portion  nearest  the 
surface  is  that  covered  by  the  saddle,  but  no  part  is  distinctly 
apparent  witliout  dissectinn. 


Muscles  of  the  Fore  Legs.--The.se  may  be  divided  into 
two  classes — extending  or  straiiihteiiing,  and  Hexing  or  bending. 
The  first  named  are  the  ones  that  straighten  the  leg.  Above,  these 
muscles  are  attached  to  tin;  Ixjues  around  the  elbow  joint  and  pass 
down  on  the  front  of  the  for- -arm;  about  three  inches  alx>ve  the 
knee  they  change  into  tendon  and  become  what  are  called  the 
"cords  of  the  leg."     Some  are  attached  just  below  the  knee  joint 


AXATO.MV  OK  Till'    IIORSI' 


■vs 


to  tiio  cruinou  boiiv,  uiiil  others  pass  down  in  front  of  the  cannon 
aii'l  attach  to  the  foot  hone 

The  Hexing  or  henclin;^  nui>clcs  are  situated  at  the  hack  part 
lit  lliele;^;  an-  attached  ahcne  to  the  hack  part  of  elhow  joint  and 
pass  downward  on  the  hack  part  of  the  forearm.  Ahove  the 
knee  they  also  heconie  tendinous,  a  part  of  them  attaching  to  the 
httle  hone  at  the  hack  of  tlie  upj)er  row  of  knee  hones,  and  in 
acting  l)en(l  this  jcjint,  while  twi>  continue  duwn  the  liack  of  the 
cannon,  forniiaL;  what  are  called  the  l>ack  tendons,  and  are 
attached  to  the  hottoin  of  the  foot  hone. 


Muscles  of  the  Hind  Quarters. — Among  the  prominent 
iini:^rlcs  of  the  liip  are  wh.it  are  ccdleil  the  gluteal  muscles;  the\ 
are  large  and  make  up  a  I.irge  part  of  the  lle^h  arotnid  the  hi]' 
!  line  Their  fimclinn  i;.  to  c,-i'r\-  the  llic  hind  lug  hack,  and  s- > 
when  ti;e  fo!  '  •  '"■.■■'  i.>  i'  ■'•  r^'d.  pi: -ii  iIil-  body  forwaM 
'l'\w\  h.ave  hvcu  Lernicd  tlic  "ki'.kn'.,<  muscles."  The  priucii-... 
one  arise-  in  th<-  oones  of  the  loin,  and  in  the  side  l)one  of  the 
pelvis,  and  teiiiunaie;.  U\  3  projection  on  the  upper  Ixjne  of  tlK 
thigh,  (the  fcianr ). 

Another  important  muscle  is  the  "three  headed  nuiscle  "  <4' 
the  thigh.  Really  it  is  three  in  one,  having  a  common  origin 
and  united  together.  Originating  from  the  sacral  hones,  and 
from  \arions  ])arts  of  the  jK-lvic  hones,  it  curves  downward  and. 
forward,  dividing  into  three  heads,  which  are  inserted  into  the 
i:p[>er  p.art  of  the  lower  hone  of  the  thigh  behind  the  stifle  joint. 
It  assists  the  precedinj;  iiscle  in  carrying  the  leg  backward, 
and  hence  throws  the  body  forward  when  the  ft)Ot  is  fi.\ed. 
r.irallel  with  .and  behind  this  is  the  "double-headed  muscle"  that 
ksceiids  from  the  croup  and  first  Ixmes  of  the  tail,  to  the  inner 
side  of  tlie  lower  bone  of  the  thigh.  It  forms  the  rear  border  of 
hamich  and  assists  the  two  preceding,  the  three  being  \ery 
iiUportant  muscles  and  should  be  large  in  draft  horses.  The 
rectus  muscle  forms  the  front  of  the  thigh  and  extends  from  the 
side  bone  of  the  pelvis,  in  front  of  hip  joint,  to  the  patella  or 
knee-cap      It,  with  two  assistants,  carries  the  leg  forward. 

Tiicre  are  a  numl)er  of  muscles  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh 
wiiich  keep  tht  Teg  from  swinging  away  from  the  body.     Of  the 


THI'.  PRACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


nuist-ks  of  the  t.iil  there  arc  four  one  mi  ilic  ,ipjM.r  siiK-.  its 
ollicc  bciii.i;  to  rai^^.■  llu-  t.iil,  two  are  on  cither  -ide,  to  diaw  the 
t.iil  ineitheriliii.vti..ii  Milewise,  ami  one  oil  the  iiiiiJer  ^itL-  to  (haw 
ami  hold  the  tail  ijowii. 

Muscles  of  the  Lower  Thigh,  or  Gaskin.  Like  the  fnie- 
Icl;  these  may  lie  diviiied  into  the  Ikxiii;;  iiid  exleiidin-,'  nni.scKs. 
The  ilrst  iianud  are  attached  ahove  around  the  ;,tine  joint  ami 
deseendiii;^'  ilouii  tin  front  of  the  t]ii^;li  hone,  one  heiomes  at- 
tached to  the  front  of  the  cannon  ju^t  hclow  the  hock  and  ilexes 
thi- joint,  while  the  olliers  pass  throti-h  sheaths  or  loops  at  the 
hock  to  li,,ld  the  inn-cks  (iriii  while  k^  is  in  action;  thence  con- 
limiiiiK'  down  in  front  of  the  caum.n  hone  to  the  fetlock,  we  fmd 
them  passiii);  through  !o,,p,  ,,r  ^Iicaths.  then  on  (lf)\vii  in  front  of 
the  ].ast^rn  bones,  and  widel>  expamlni;;  aie  inserted  into  the 
upper  pait  of  tlie  collin  hoih.,  these  strai-lutii  the  fetlock  joint, 
Thehatk  imi-cks  are  att,i.  hed  above,  arouinl  the  stille  joint  at 
its  hack;  tli<  y  become  teii-hiions  l)cfore  reachiiij,,'  the  hock.  Two 
of  the  principal  ones  ji.i-s  down  to  the  back  jiart  of  the  hock  joint, 
knownasthe  '  p<.in!  (if  the  hoik,"  to  which  one  is  attached;  they 
form  what  is  c.lled  the  "hani-striii-."  The  other  pas.ses  down  the 
back  of  the  cantioii  to  tlie  fetlock  joint  throiiKh  a  sheath,  aloii^ 
the  back  part  of  liie  jjaslu  ii  iioiies,  and  is  attached  to  the  lower 
one.  Till-  t.  nd  -n.  troin  the  hock  down,  forms  rne  of  the  !)ack 
tendinis  of  the  li::i'i  !e,:;s,  Aiiothei  iiniuirtant  mii.scle  passes  down 
lUKleriKtitii  liie  one  already  mentioned.  throii;,di  a  sheath  at  the 
b.uk  part  of  the  h(.ck  where  it  is  supplied  with  a  synovial  sack, 
and  then  passes  down  tlie  liack  of  the  shank  or  cannon  bone  be- 
neath the  other  tendon,  thioUKh  the  .sheath  at  the  fetlock  to  the 
bick  part  of  the  bone  of  tlie  fool  where  it  is  attached.  The  one 
which  attaclies  to  tlie  jx.iut  of  the  hock  straightens  that  joint  and 
is  important  in  iiropellin-  the  animal;  those  goin^'  to  the  fcjt 
bend  that  member  backward. 

Involuntary  Muscles.— Are  those  that  control  to  some  ex- 
tent the  expansion  and  contraction  of  the  ImiRs  in  breathing;  the 
action  of  the  heart  in  beating,  and  they  al.so  help  form  the  walls 
of  all  the  hollow  organs,  as  the  digestive  tract,  the  bladder  and 
the  womb. 


ANATOMY  OP  VHh  HuK^xj. 


37 


The  Dinphrajrin  i?  i  lar^e  muscular  curtnin  which  separates 
the  cliost  irom    the  abuumen;   it  has   an    uni«.itaiit   action    in 

l.rrathinK. 

THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM.— Tlu-  nervous  systmi  is  a 
^   rv  important  set  oi  the  organs  whicli  ^ive  energy  an<l  fLchng  to 
tiu-  body,  and  interpret  impressions  received  thron^ih  the  nicdaun 
ot  tile  senses,  sueli  as  seein^^;,  smelling,  hearing,  etc.     Tlie  liraiu 
1^  the  center  of  the  nervons  sy-^ieni,  and  is  situated  in  tlie  cranial 
e  i\  ity.      It  is  snrroundid  hy  tliree  delicate  meinhraiies,  calle<l  the 
'  iiuiiiu'^es,"  the  outer  one  heing  attached  to  the  inner  wall  of  the 
cranial  cavity.      From    the  brain   the   nerves    which   supply   the 
various  organs  in  the  head  are  passed  down  through  the  foramina 
or  r,jM.iiings  to  their  respective  jH)ints,  as  the  oi)tic  nerve  to  the 
e\e,  the   audilory    nerve   to   the  car,  the    olfactory    nerves    that 
supi)l3  the  sense  of  snuH  to  the  nosi',  and   the  nerve  of  taste  to 
the   tongue.      Oilier  nerves  pa.ss  to  other  i>arts  of  the  head  to 
Kive  feeliiit;  and  motion,  and  still  others  to  the  pharynx  to  give 
th.   i)ower  of  swallowing.      In  passing  from   the  hrain   aloug   the 
spinal  cord,  which   is,  situated  in  the   canal  of  the   hoiies  of   the 
hack,  there  are  numerous  small  iier\es,  -iven  off  tr)  supply  the 
muscles  of    the  neck,  giving  hoth    f(  eling   ami   tnotioii.      About 
ol»IM)sitc  the  shoulder-Made  the  spinal  cord  gives  ol7  a  large  hiuich 
of  ner\es,    part   of  which    gives  nerve  power   to  the   heart   and 
lungs.      An  iiui)ortant  point  to  remember  is:    that  if  the  spinal 
cord    is    injured   in  front  of    these   nerves,    death    is   the   result. 
The  other  part  of  the  nerves  supply   the  shouKkrs,  chest   and 
mascles  of  the  front  legs.      I'arther  back  are  given  ofl'  the  nerves 
thai  :^upply  the  organs  of  the  abdominal  cavity.      lu   the  region 
f  the  hips  are  another  lot  of  nerves  given   off,  some  going  to 
.;;e  rectum,  the  womb  and  the  bladder,  assisting  in  the  functional 
vork   of   those  organs-    others  supply   the  muscles  of  the  hips, 
hnvl  legs  and  the  tail.      Nerves   have  the   appearance  of  white 
threads  held  together  by  a  common  tissue  sheath.      Tlie  h-\in  of 
the  horse  weighs  on  the  average  23  otuices;  that  of  man  50  ounces. 

THE  CIRCULATION.- The  system  of  ciiculatioti  is  car- 
ried on  by  means  of  the  heart,  iiteries,  cani'larief  and  veins,  and 
the  very  important  P.uid.the  blood. 


3^ 


ril.':   lUACTICAl,  STOCK   DOCTOR 


Till'.  Heart.  'l"!n.-  hcaii  i.  ilic  {'ruuii).il  orijaii  o(  urtiila 
tiuii,  it  \\i  :j;lis  in  IIk-  .iviiai;!-'  iins  -c  .iIhjuI  m\  tu  >i.\  and  oiii;  li alt 
iM.miil-.  It  is  :i  huUi.w,  ia\uliinl:ir>-,  iiub.ciilar  oi>;aii,  ami  ait;-. 
a--  a  t'ciiii  j>itKi[>  111  III. lint  lininj;  the  i  iroil  ition  c4'  the  Moixl,  ami 
i>  MtnalLil  liitWL'  n  the  liniv,-  Th<'  Imttoni  end  or  a|KX  is  dnun 
ward  and  n  sts  jn-l  a'"i\i'  t!u  lina'-l  hone,  tin.  liase  or  ii]i[ier 
part  Ireitt,;  dir^'lid  npwaid  .ind  U>  ilu-  left  -ile,  til.  Ill  lini^; 
lia\  Ml).;  a  holliAV  on  it-~  ■^■i  le  I'.n  the  Inart  Id  \v  .t  h  in  Tlareis 
a  -ac  ar..n;il  tlu-  heart  uhiih  lull^  to  ].i,.le.  I  aUiJ  siipixjrt  it, 
lieiti)>  all.h  hid  to  the  baik  lion,  ahi.w.  and  t'l  the  hi.-ast  bone 
IkIiiw.  Tile  Nie  i,  1  iini|"i--i  d  ot  i  i\liili-.li  liLroii-,  tissue,  smooth 
inside  Willi  ni.inv  sni.dl  id.inds  th.il  Mer.te  a  uitety  •Mili'-tancc 
tli.it  liihruati  -,  the  oiili  r  hurt  w.dl  and  the  iiiiu  v  --ae  wall,  so 
til. It  in  aelioii  thew.ilN  are  ii'il  lliitilid.  Th  heart  cavity  is 
in  t\'..i  ]iai  t  ,  ihe  ri^^ht  and  left  si'K-,  eaeh  one  of  the^e  are 
.1  'aiii  <li\ide.l  nito  an  np|Hr  i.ivits  call'd  the  .■niriiie,  and  the 
li.'.Mi  I  dle.l  the  \.  utricle,  so  v.e  liave  lieiil  an<l  left  ainiele  and 
riidit  an.l  left  venliide.  The  rij;ht  aniiele  <  (Mnininii>  afes  with 
the  ii,L;ht  veiilriik-  tliion!;ii  an  otJcniiiL^  in  the  septum  or  j>artiti()ii 
on  the  ri:..;!it  -ide  of  thv.  luait,  l>iit  a  irtnni  is  previnted  hy  :i 
valve.  The  K  f t  aiiiitle  o]ien>  into  the  left  \eiitricle  ii\  the  same 
way  The  i  i.^ht  side  is  soni'  tiiues  e.ilkd  the  \enons  side  and  the 
!t  ft  -id-'  tile  artoial  --ul".  Two  lar;;c  veins  empty  the  impure 
Mood  ..f  the  liody  int..  ihe  riijil  anriele.  The  right  atniele  ro:i- 
tiaciiie,;  force<  the  Mnol  throiivdi  tlu;  openinj;  in  the  i>arlition 
int..  the  right  Nciitii.  le.  Ihe  \-al\e  j.u Atntiiiv,  return.  The  right 
\cniriele  cotilr.ici-.  :in.!  f..r.'<  -  ilu  !)l....d  int..  th..-  i>nhnonary  artery, 
whit  li  l.iaitchi  ■>  n  few  in<  hes  al..  ,ve  ili.-  lu  art.  connecting  with  the 
right  and  h  ft  Inin:^.  Tlu^^e  nie  nL;ain  divided  into  other  small 
arleri.-s  v.hi^h  iLiw  into  \vhnt  is  caH'-il  Hk-  capillary  net-work, 
which  is  sitnaied  aronnd  the  air  tells  of  the  Inn-s,  where  the 
Mood  gi\es  tip  it.s  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  takes  in  oxygen  from 
the  ail,  which  i-hanges  the  coL.r  from  a  dark  purplish  red  to  a 
l.riid>t  re.l.  Here  is  ciiiphasi/ed  the  tucessity  of  well  ventilated 
.piarters,  in  order  that  the  caibotiic  aci.l  gas  may  be  er.rried  «ifl 
an.l  the  owgeii  Mij.plied.  The  pulmonary  \'eins  now  return  the 
bloo.l  to  the  le't  auricle,  and  the  contraction  of  the  auricle  sends 
the   Ll.,jud   Ih.r'.iU'j!!   tl'-.j   '."-"jninL'    lulo  the    I'jft    vjn.tri.jl.j.    which 


-^ 


i 


<V'  <*5'  V  W  V  K'  V 


I!    ^ 

f 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSE 


39 


(,pcuinK  is  k^'i'irded  to  prevent  .i  return,  while  the  left  ventricle 
coiiliaelHand  forces  the  l)lood  into  the  aorta  or  larse  artery  of  the 
body,  v.hich  pa-ses  above  the  heart  two  or  three  inches,  where 
the  artery  hranchin.i;,  sends  one  forward  to  supply  the  parts  of 
the  l")d\  in  front  of  the  heart,  and  another  backward  alon>;  the 
spinal  hones,  to  supply  the  body  behind  the  or^'an. 

The  branch  that  goes  forward  soon  divides,  sending  ofE 
branches  to  supply  the  shonldersi  and  forelegs,  while  two  other 
branches,  called  the  carotid  arteries,  pass  along  each  side  of  the 
neck  under  the  jugular  veins,  giving  off  branches  to  supply  the 
nuisdes  and  parts  of  the  neck.  Just  below  the  butt  of  the  ears 
these  diviile  again  each  into  three  large  branches,  which  supply 
the  brain  and  other  parts  of  the  head.  The  branch  of  the  aorta 
that  turns  backward  from  the  heart  is  a  very  long  and  large  one, 
passing  below  the  spine  and  between  the  kidneys,  branching 
again  a  few  inches  beyond  into  four  large  arteries,  two  to  the  left 
and  two  to  the  ri.-ht  side,  snpplxing  the  pelvic  cavity  and  the 
hind  legs.  Before  the  division  into  four  branches,  other  small 
branches  were  gi\en  oiT,  supplying  the  liver,  the  spleen,  the 
stomach,  the  large  and  small  bowels,  and  one  to  each  kidney.  As 
the  blo(jd  nears  the  extremities  the  arteries  grow  smaller,  until  at 
la-t  the  blood  reaches  the  capillaries  -sm.ill  vessels  connecting 
tin  arteries  and  veins— wnere  the  blood  unloads  its  nutritive  mat- 
ter and  takes  on  the  waste  material,  conveying  it  back  to  the 
lieavl  through  the  veins. 

Arteries  are  the  vessels  that  convey  the  blood  away  from  the 
Iv  art  to  the  different  parts  of  the  body,  which  Iniing  purified 
in  the  lungs  by  air  contact  is  pure  and  of  a  bright  red  color. 

Veins  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart  loaded  with  the  im- 
purities that  are  taken  up  in  the  capillaries,  and  it  is  then  a  dark, 
pur])lish  color. 

The  Capillary  Vessels  are  small  vessels  about  1-3000  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  that  are  arranged  in  varied  form  in  net-work 
between  the  termination  of  the  arteries  and  the  beginning  of  the 
Veins  It  is  here  that  the  nutritive  elements  are  given  up  to  the 
ti-  ues  and  the  waste  matter  is  taken  up. 


40 


THI<:  PRACTICAL  vSToCK  DOCTOR 


The  Lymphatic,  also  known  as  thtalisorbciU  system,  is  con- 
nected with  the  blood  visscls,  and  is  made  np  of  very  minute 
tubes  and  uhi'ids,  which  convey  from  the  tissues  of  the  body  a 
clear  tluid  known  as  lymph,  and  pour  it  into  the  blood  of  the 
veins  as  it  is  on  its  way  back  to  the  heart.  These  glands  are 
found  all  tlironj^h  the  body—  in  every  tissue  of  the  body  supplied 
by  blood.  It  is  from  an  inflanmiation  of  these  glands  that  are 
found  inside  of  the  l]iij;h  and  shouUler,  that  we  liave  the  disease 
kiKAvn  as  "lyniphani;itis''  or  "water  farcy." 

THE  DIGESTIVE  ORGANS.  — The  digestive  organs 
comprise  the  alimentary  canal  and  accessories  from  tlie  mouth  to 
the  aims.  The  chief  parts  are  the  mouth,  pharynx,  esophagus,  or 
the  tube  leading  from  tlie  pharynx  to  stomach  and  the  bowels, 
or  intestines.  The  mouth  is  the  cavity  .it  the  beginning  of  the 
digesti\e  canal:  in  front  are  tlie  lips;  at  the  sides,  the  cheeks, 
whirh  are  lined  by  what  is  termed  mucous  membrane,  that  has 
several  openings  in  it  from  the  glands,  which  supply  the  saliva. 
On  the  upper  surface  cjf  the  mouth  the  mucous  membrane  is 
thrown  mto  folds  or  bars,  from  eighteen  to  twenty  in  number, 
which  assist  the  tongue  in  the  manijiulation  of  food.  The  tongue 
is  an  important  member  in  articulati(jn,  in  mastication  and  in 
taste. 

The  Teeth. — The  teeth  perform  a  most  important  office 
in  masticating  food,  thus  helping  tc  prepare  it  for  digestion. 
The  horse  has  two  sets,  the  milk  teeth  of  which  there  are  twenty- 
four:  and  the  permanent  teeth  of  which  there  are  forty.  In  the 
marc  the  tusks  are  rudimentary  or  wanting,  h.ence  there  are 
ti'^ually  thirty-six.  The  incisors,  or  front  tcith,  are  twehe  in 
numlier,  six  in  each  jaw,  the  upper  being  longest;  the  two  middle 
ones  arc  called  nij^jiers,  or  central  incisors,  tlie  two  adjoining 
teeth  lateral  incisors,  and  the  outer  ones  corner  incisors.  The 
tusks  or  canine  teeth  ari-  four  in  niniiber,  a  jiair  above  and  below; 
as  has  been  stated  the.se  are  generally  wanting  in  the  mare. 
The  molars  or  grinders  are  twelve  in  tlie  milk  teeth,  an<l  twenty- 
four  in  the  peTinanent  set — six  on  each  side  above  and  below. 
Like  the  incisors,  those  of  the  upper  jaw  are  the  largest.  In 
addition  th«:'  horse  may  have  suRuIementarv  molars  called  woh" 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSE 


41 


teeth,  small  round  pointed  teeth  that  come  in  the  upper  jaw, 
also  sometimes  in  the  lower  jaw,  in  front  of  the  molars,  one  on 
each  side. 

The  Salivary  Glands.— These  are  the  glands  that  secrete 

the  saliva  that  is  poured  into  the  mouth  while  the  animal  is  eat- 
ing. There  are  three  pairs  of  importance,  one  large  pair  on  each 
side  of  the  throat  'oelow  the  ears,  filling  the  space  between  the 
jawbone  and  neck;  this  pair  has  duels  passing  around  and  under 
t!ie  lower  jaw  and  up  into  the  ch.eek  muscles,  entering  the  mouth 
opi>osite  the  tliird  m"!ar.  The  next  pair  are  below  the  first  men- 
tioned and  open  into  the  bottom  part  of  tlie  mouth.  The  third 
pair  are  situated  under  the  tongue,  one  on  each  side;  by  many 
small  ducts  they  empty  saliva  into  the  mouth.  The  use  of  saliva 
is  to  liquify  starchy  food,  and  to  convert  it  into  dextrin  and 
maltose;  it  also  aids  mastication  and  assists  the  sense  of  taste  by 
dissolving  the  food. 

The  Pharynx.— A  cavity  just  back  of  the  mouth  connnon 
to  l)oth  iligestive  and  respiratory  tracts.  It  is  separated  from  the 
nioulh  1)y  a  curtain  called  the  soft  palate;  this  is  very  large  in 
ihe  horse,  preventing  food  from  returnhig  into  the  mouth  after 
having  entered  the  pharynx. 

The  Esophagus  or  Gullet.-  Is  a  tube,  hned  with  mucous 

meml;rane  about  the  same  as  the  mouth,  that  extends  from  the 

iharynx  to  the  stomach.     Its  office  is  the  com  eying  of  food  from 

the  pharynx  to  the  stomach  by  means  of  successive  contractions 

of  its  muscular  coat. 

The  Stomach.— The  stomach  of  the  horse  is  small,  holding 
about  three  to  four  gallons.  The  walls  of  the  stomach  are  com- 
ixiscd  of  three  coats,  the  outside  or  serous  membrane,  the  middle 
or  iimscular  membrane,  and  the  inner  or  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  a  continuation  of  the  membrane  of  mouth  and  esophagus. 
When  the  stomach  is  empty,  the  inner  coat  is  in  loose  folds,  and 
there  are  found  small  openings  in  it  through  which  gastric  juice 
enters  from  the  secreting  glands.  This  juice  aids  in  the  pro(  ess 
of  digestion.  The  middle  or  muscular  coat  consists  of  muscular 
fibres  which  in  action  give  the  stomach  a  sort  of  churning  motion, 


.■it'  t*.„ :«:  '^" 


42 


'illlv  PRACTICAL  STOCK   DUCTOK 


i;  I 


r..l!ni«  the  food  nroiind  and  mixinj;  it  with  the  Kastric  juice 
Tlicre  arc  valves  at  the  entrance  and  the  exit  of  the  .stomach  to 
prevent  a  return  of  food  to  the  gullet,  or  to  allow  coarse  undi- 
gested  food  to  enter  houcls.  Large  ligaments  Iiold  the  stomach 
m  place,  and  it  is  well  supplied  l.y  blood  vessels  and  nerves  In 
the  horse  stomach,  the  digestion  of  food  takes  place  quickly  in 
comparison  with,, ihcr  animals.  After  the  food  has  been  fully 
digested  ui  the  stomach  it  is  change.l  into  what  i>  called  chyme 
and  m  this  form  pas.ses  on  to  the  bowels. 

The  Bowels  or  Intestines.-The  bowels  or  intestines  are 
divided  inl.j  large  and  small,  the  two,  however,  forming  a  con- 

tinti,,u^  tui,c  null  winding  cnnvoliitions,  tlicir  kn-lli  bung  in 
the  average  lior>c  about  ninety  feet,  of  wluVii  the  Miiall  buucb 
aic  about  llirce-founhs  li,,'  total  Icngtli  Tlic  coats  arc  similar 
to  tho^c  Mt  liic  ^lomacli.  Tlie  ^'UWv  one  secrete^  watery  iluid 
that  lubricate,,  the  buweb  and  prevent  irritati..,,  from  contact 
uilli  llie  abdcmina!  ualb:  the  middle  or  nm-^cidar  cuat  ha<  the 
faculty  of  comrariing  and  rcla.King,  facing  the  cnieni^  onward 
toward  tiic  anu^  aiul  mixing  the  food  with  the  inice^ :  the  mucais 
membrane  contain,  .mall  structuro  that  ab^Mrb  the  n.,nri>l,ment 
from  the  fo,,d  .itter  it  i.  comi-lctelv  digested  bv  the  juices  .,f  ilie 
hver  and  paiuiva  ,  an<I  tiie  gian.l.  of  tiic  mno.us  niembninc 
Pyiinng  n  mh,  i!,e  bl,,nd.  whidi,  by  tiic  action  ,,i  ibc  heaii.  rai- 
ncs  u  to  all  pans  ,,!  the  body.  .\bom  six  iiulies  in,,,,  ,bo 
MoPKuii  m  the  l„,wcb  are  found  tuo  (.penings.  .,nc  1 , -r  the  hepatic 
duct,  wiucii  carries  tiic  bile  in.m  tiic  h\ci-.  and  the  (,tlier  for  tiic 
paiurcatu-  duct,  wliich  carries  a  clear  lluid  irom  the  p.incrcas, 
c.Jlcd  pancreatic  juice.  Tiicsc  act  .„,  the  food  fn.m  iJie  stomach,' 
cliangmg  it  a.  .t.ilcd  above. 

'Ihc  t"ir-i  pan  of  the  large  l,.,wels  is  known  ;is  the  blind  gut 
and  1.  al„,ut  three  tVet  Imig;  its  Use  is  to  .act  ,is  a  reservoir  for 
u.ilcr  and  lluid  pan.  ,,i  |,,.,d.  Tlic  next  pan  ,-1  the  large  bowels 
Is  kn,.«n  ;i.  ila-  great  clou;  it  i-  about  eleven  feet  in  length, 
eight  to  lui  inciics  in  diameter  and  lie-  on  the  Hoor  of  the  bellv! 
hemg  .l,,;ibkd  .,n  it-elf  three  times.  I'ormiiig  four  iHjrtions;  it  Is 
the  largest  p,,ni,,n  ,,i  the  tnu't.  holding  .about  eighteen  gallon.. 
i  lerc  digestion  of  the  food  i.  comi,lcted,  the  bowel  contracting  and 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSK 


U 


Horkins,  it  takes  nut  the  initriment  from  here  the  contents  are 
carried  into  what  is  called  the  HoatinK  colon,  which  is  about  ten 
feet  long  and  ahont  two  inches  in  diameter;  it  is  thrown  into 
folds  and  has  the  office  of  workim;  its  contents  into  halls,  \<hich 
are  then  emptied  into  tlie  rectum.  It  is  suspe'uded  from  the  back 
bone  by  a  curtain,  ami  lies  lar-ely  in  the  left  Hank. 

The  Rectum.  -T'ds  is  the  last  part  of  the  intestines,  is 
about  eiKhleen  inches  in  Kn-lli,  and  is  someJnies  termed  the 
straight  bowel.  The  coats  are  a  continuation  of  those  of  the 
lar-e  bowels,  but  the  walls  are  very  much  thicker.  Above  this 
iiowel  ate  the  bones  of  the  cronj);  below  in  the  horse  is  the  blad- 
der. In  the  mare  are  fouml  the  wond)  and  vagina  or  passa-e  out, 
and  at  the  sid.>s  are  the  bones  that  help  to  make  the  pelvic  cavity.' 
II  is  the  rece,,.acle  for  the  feces  ])assed  on  fnjm  the  colon,  which 
when  full,  is  discharKcd  by  the  contraction  of  its  nuiscular  coat, 
and  the  ddation  of  the  anus  or  the  posterior  oi)ening  of  the  ali- 
mentary canal. 

THE  LIVER.— The  liver  is  the  largest  secreting  gland  of 
the  body,  weighing  from  ten  to  twelve  ixnnids;  it  is  situated 
between  the  stomach  and  the  diaphragm  and  is  held  in  place  by 
several  strong  ligaments;  is  <!ark  brown  in  color  and  secretes  a 
thud  known  as  bile,  wlrch  is  gre-enish  in  color  and  bitter  in  taste. 
'Ihe  horse  has  no  gall  bladder,  but  simply  a  tube  that  allows  the 
bde,  as  fast  as  formed,  to  flow  directly  into  the  small  intestines 
about  si.x  inches  beyond  the  stomach.  It  is  well  .supplied  with 
blood  vessels  and  nerves.    The  bile  is  .in  important  digestive  fluid. 

THE  PANCREAS.— The  pancreas  is  an  elongated,  lobed 
Kland,  which  lies  across  the  stomach  and  in  front  of  the  kidneys; 
It  IS  a  reddish  cream  color,  and  closely  resembles  salivary  glands,' 
the  pancreatic  juice  which  it  secretes,  and  ix)urs  out  into  the 
.^•mall  mtesiincs  just  back  of  tlie  stonmch,  is  a  clear,  colorless 
ilkalme  fluid  resembling  the  saliva,  and  it  aids  in  the  digestive 
process. 

THE  SPLEEN.— The  .spleen  is  a  soft,  greyish-red  organ, 
situated  on  the  left  side  of  the  stomach,  and  closely  attached  to  it. 


44 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


It  has  no  ducts  for  the  secretion  of  any  fluids,  and  its  purpose  is 
not  well  understood,  hut  is  thought  to  regulate  the  ten.perature 
o  the  stomach  during  digestion,  and  to  act  as  a  reservoir  for  the 
blood  It  weighs  from  two  to  four  pounds  and  is  well  supplied 
with  blood  vessels  and  nerves.  if^ 

THE  MEMBRANES.-TIK.  muscles  are  enclosed  and 
bound  n.  the.r  places  |,y  a  white,  thni,  tendu„-Iike  tissue  called 
fascia,  the  surface  tissue  varying  i„  thickness  in  difTerent  parts 
ot  tlie  body,  separating  nuiscle  and  skin  an.l  [protecting  the  struc- 
ture beneath,  besides  conserving  the  heat  of  the  bodv-fat  Ijein-' 
a  poor  conductor.  Tlie  deep  tis.iie  not  only  enclo.ses'  the  body  U 
c-ach  muscle  in  .-,  .sheath,  but  it  becomes  united  to  and  blends  with 
the  covering  of  tl,e  boiu— the  periosteum. 

The  mucous  membr.mes  line  all  open  cavities  of  the  body  as 
for  example,  tlie  digestive  organs,  the  breathing  organs  the 
'o-inary  and  the  genital  organs.  In  tlie  mucous  membranes  are 
a  large  number  of  glands  which  secrete  a  somewhat  vicid  Huid 
called  mucus,  this  keeps  the  membranes  moist.  When  the  mem- 
brane IS  di>ease<l  the  mucus  is  secreted  abnormalh-  and  a  discharge 
IS  the  result,  or,  it  is  not  secreted  .sufficiently  and  the  membrane 
becomes  dry  and  irritated. 

The  serous  membranes,  so  called  because  they  .secrete  serum 
a  lubricating  linul,  hne  the  cavities  of  the  bodv  that  do  not  com- 
municate with  the  air.  This  membrane  is  made  up  of  two  coats 
the  inner  one  attached  to  the  .Mgans  in  the  cavitv  and  the  other 
forming  the  cavity  lining,  as  for  example:  the'  bellv  cavity  is 
hned  and  the  l>owels  covered  with  a  .serous  coat  called  the  peri- 
toneum. Another  that  lines  the  chest  cavity  and  covers  the 
lungs  IS  called  the  pleura. 

THE  SKIN.— This  is  the  membrane  that  covers  the  body 
and  consists  of  two  parts-ihe  epidermis  or  outer  laver.  and  the 
dermis  or  true  skin  beneath.  The  epidermis  is  the  outer  la^•er  of 
the  i,kin  and  is  composed  of  minute  cells  or  scales,  its  office  being 
to  protect  the  under  layer  from  injury,  becoming  especially  thick 
where  the  skin  is  exposed  to  friction.  This  layer  has  no  nerves 
and  13  insensible;  there  is  a  constant  change  going  on.  the  dry 
9C8K  thrown  off  being  kaoxro  as  dandruff. 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSE 


45 


The  dermis  or  true  skin  lies  beneath  the  epidermis,  and  is 
made  up  of  a  network  of  tissues,  vessels  and  nerves.  What  are 
ki'own  as  the  sweat  glands  are  found  in  this  layer.  Being  sup- 
plied with  nerves  of  tundi,  it  is  highly  sensitive,  while  at  the 
same  time  it  protects  the  terminations  of  the  nerves  that  supplies 
it.  It  is  a  bad  luat  conductor,  and  thus  serves  to  retain  llie  heat 
of  the  body;  it  throws  off  waste  matter  through  the  sweat  glands, 
the  sweat  playing  an  important  part  in  regulating  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  body;  absorption  sometimes  takes  ])lace  from  its  sur- 
face. The  sebaceous  or  c'  secreting  glands  are  also  found  in  the 
skin;  they  furnish  fatty  matter  that  keeps  the  hair  soft  and  sleek. 

THE  HAIR.— The  hair  is  the  clothing  of  the  horse,  and  is 
found  in  three  forms;  the  common,  which  covers  the  body  of  the 
animal  being  the  finest.  That  of  the  mane  and  tail  is  coarse  and 
long,  while  a  third  that  is  stiffer  is  found  around  the  muzzle,  and  is 
sometimes  called  "cat  hairs."  The  condition  of  the  horse  is  shown 
by  his  hair;  when  well,  it  will  be  sleek  and  glossy,  while  in  dis- 
ease, it  will  be  dry,  harsh,  and  staring.  In  the  spring  the  old 
coat  is  shed,  a  new  one  being  ready  to  take  its  place;  and  as  the 
hot  weather  comes  on,  this  is  also  shed  in  part.  As  the  cold 
weather  again  approaches  a  new  suit  of  hair,  thicker  and  coarser, 
begins  to  appear. 

THE  EYE. — Something  lias  been  said  of  the  eye  in  the 

description  of  bone,  muscle  :md  nerve,  but  a  little  might  be 
added  that  would  he  iiisf.-uctivc  and  of  interest.  The  eye  of  tha 
horse  is  a  roundish  !><»(ly,  llai!.ni.il  lieli-nd,  mostly  enclosed  in  its 
bony  cavity  and  iiiembip.nts.  li  is  ma  c  u-)  .')f  several  coats 
arouml  the  outside,  and  t'l'.','  i:itcrior  of  v,  i;rl  a,e  c-dl; ;!  the  humors 
of  the  eye — the  same  being  three  transparaiit  media  through 
which  the  light  rays  pass,  and  are  respectively  liquid,  semi-solid 
and  solid  The  solitl  one  is  the  lens,  which  resembles  in  shape 
the  lens  of  a  camera,  and  forms  a  picture  on  the  retina  the  same 
:is  the  lens  does  on  the  plate.  On  the  inner  side  of  the  coats  is  a 
thin  membrane  called  the  retina,  which  receives  the  impressions  of 
objects  and  transmits  tliein  to  the  braiu  through  the  optic  nerve 
which  terminates  in  it.  The  oblong  opening  is  known  as  t)y^ 
pupii  of  the  eye.  and  has  the  power  of  dilat'ou  'ind  contraction. 


46 


THT-:  PRACTICAT.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


thus  adapting  the  eye  to  light  received.  At  the  hack  of  the  eye 
are  several  muscles  attached  to  the  eye  and  to  the  l«ny  cavity 
he  nses  of  winch  are  to  move  the  oye  and  l.,!d  it  in  place  At  ,1,..' 
front  are  the  two  movable  curtains  called  cv clids.  which  serve  to 
open  and  close,  and  to  protect  from  ir,jury,  aide<l  by  the  eye- 
lashes At  the  nn.er  angle  o:  the  eye  may  l.c  seen  what  is  known 
as  Ihv  haw,  or  wmknig  cartilage,  the  office  (,f  which  is  to  as.j  ;t 
■n  rcnu.vmir  forei.^-n  bodies  from  the  front  of  the  evd.all  In 
the  corner  of  this  an.^Ic  is  a  duct  that  leads  to  the  nose,  which 
conducts  the  tears  of  ,1k.  eye  to  the  nasal  passages.  A  s.nall  .land 
nbov.  Ihe  o.tter  j.art  the  eyeb:-ll,  secretes  U.e  tears  that  flow 
o\er  the  lye,  keepiu);  u  lubricated 

THE  EAR.     The  ear  of  the  hor^e  is  .livided  into  several 
par.s.     The  niner  part  or  dnnn  is  situate.l  in  the  petrosal  or  hard 
-one  of  the  head.     The  auditory  nerve  (from  the   I.atin  audire 
ohear)  termn.ates  in  sn,ail  structures  ju.st  inside  the  drum  ol 
the  ear  and  conveys  the  sound  impressions  received  to  the  brain 
From  the  .Irum  is  a  .small  opening  outward  to  the  external  ear 
uh.ch  ,s  made  of  cartilage  to  give  it  stiffness      This  is  covered 
with  a  fine  delicate  skin  and  covered  with  soft,  fine  hair.     Loni- 
>a,rix,nan,g  outward   fills  the  external  ear.  its   puriK.se  being 
tha   of  protection.     The  muscles  of  the  ear  have  been  ment.onec 
in  the  muscular  system. 

THE  HOOF.  -The  hoof  of  the  horse  is  divided  into  three 

distinct  parts  -the  wall,  sole  aiul  frog.     The  wall  is  that  part  of 
the  hoof  that  ,s  visible  when  the  hoof  r^sts  on  the  ground,  and  is 
divided  into  the  toe.  the  quarters,  the  heels  and  the  bars      The 
toe  forms  the  front  of  the  hoof,  the  quarters  arc  the  sides,  and  tlie 
heels  make  up  the  back  part.    The  wall  is  thickest  at  the  toe  and 
decreases  in  thickness  from  the  front,  being  much  thinner  at  the 
sides.     I-rom  the  heel  is  a  process  of  hoof  which  looks  like  a  bar 
passing  forward  between  the  frog  and  the  sole,  one  on  each  side 
acting  as  a  brace  to  the  heel  and  to  the  quarters;  these  are  called 
bars.       In  a  state  of  nature  the  walls  are  covered  with  a  fine  mem- 
Jrane  called  periople,  that  gives  the  hoof  a  jx^lished  look      Its 
o Jice  IS  to  pre\cnt  exaiKjration  and  cracking  of  the  horn     a  fnr^t 


.jjykr_''v.i-isk 


BHI 


I 


hMmmmMStdk^^^^p^m^^mM^fAmm^smK  ^ 


ANATOMY  OF  THK  IIORSK 


47 


often  overlooked  in  shoeing  when  the  smith  rasps  it  away  too 
freely.  Around  the  top  of  the  wall  where  it  unites  with  the  skin 
i:,  the  coronary  hand,  which  is  lliat  iK^rlion  of  the  skin  from  which 
the  wall  of  the  hoof  grows.  Within  the  wall  are  the  cofTni,  navic- 
ular an<l  part  of  the  small  i)astern  hones,  also  the  quick  or 
sensitive  laminae,  plantar  cushion,  and  lateral  cartilages. 

The  sole  of  the  fcwt  is  a  thick  plate  of  horn  shapetJ  like  the 
circumference  of  the  fixit,  except  that  a  V-shaped  ojiening  is  left 
hehind  for  the  reception  of  the  frog,  and  is  ccmcave  on  the  lower 
surface.  It  is  pr<«luced  hy  the  velvety  tissue,  a  thin  tnemhrane 
covering  the  inferior  surface  of  the  coffin  Ixme.  The  horn  of  the 
sf)le  differs  somewhat  from  that  of  the  wall  in  construction. 

The  frog  is  the  jironiinent  elastic  horn  found  in  the  V-shaped 
notcli  ill  the  hack  part  of  the  sole,  and  is  attached  to  its  lx)rders. 
It  is  wide  at  the  hack,  helping  to  form  the  heels,  and  the  point  of 
it  in  front  is  called  the  apex.  Between  the  frog  and  the  bars  on 
either  side  are  the  commissures,  and  on  the  upper  part  is  the 
m»'ml)ratie  known  as  the  sensitive  frog,  which  attaches  the  frog 
to  the  tendon  which  lies  ahove. 

The  oiTice  of  the  frog  is  to  destroy  shock  and  to  prevent 
slipping. 

THE  ORGANS  OF  RESPIRATION  OR  BREATH- 
ING.  These  comprise  the  nostrils,  chambers  of  the  head,  larnyx, 
pharynx,  wimlpiiH.-,  bronchial  tulles  and  the  lungs. 

The  Nostrils  are  the  two  openings,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
nose,  held  open  hy  the  aid  of  cartilage  and  muscles.  About  one 
and  one-half  inches  up  the  nostril,  on  under  side,  is  a  small  shot- 
like opening  which  is  the  terminal  of  the  eye  duct,  which  carries 
down  the  tears  that  lubricate  the  eyes.  The  nostrils  are  lined 
with  a  thin,  delicate  skin,  that  changes  to  the  mucous  membrane 
as  it  passes  into  the  head  chambers.  Above  the  nasal  openings 
are  what  are  called  false  nostrils. 

The  Nasal  Chambers  give  passage  to  the  air  from  tl.e 
nostrils  to  the  pharynx,  and  are  separated  by  a  partition  of  cartilarre 
or  gristle,  each  chamber  again  being  divided  into  three  coti'.ii.  /s 
compartments  by  thin    boi  y  plates,  called  turbinated  bones,  'l  lie 


48 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


tiasal  chainlKTs  oiku  itito  the  pharynx,  the  cavity  which  is  ,  om 
mon  tu  iKjlh  diKc-tivc  and  respiratory  tracts  and  is  descriU-d  with 
the  .hxe.stive  ui>;ans      On  account  of  the  formation  of  the  In^^- 
soft  palate  at  the  back  of  the  mouth,  the  horse  can  breathe  only 
'.hrouj^ii  the  nohc 

The  Larynx  i-^  sitnate.1  between  thi  1.  w-er  jaw  bones,  jnst 
back  of  the  r.K.t  of  the  toii>;iie,  is  box  hke,  made  of  catti'hi-e, 
Rives  i-assa^e  to  the  air  and  is  also  the  or^aii  of  voice.  It  has'ni 
opening  on  the  upper  .side  guarded  by  a  valve,  which  is  oj.cn 
except  when  the  animal  is  swallowiiiR  f.  od  or  water.  The  lining' 
is  so  delicate  that  the  smallest  jmrticle  of  food  dropj)ed  into  it 
from  the  pharynx,  causes  a  vioki-t  fit  of  cotighiiiK.  It  is  retained 
in  place  by  the  windpif)e,  muscles,  and  l>ones  to  which  it  is  at- 
tached. 

The  Windpipe,  or  Trachea,  is  the  tuln.'  which  carries  the  air 
from  the  larynx  to  the  bronchial  tulles  mid  the  Iuiiks.  It  iscom- 
po.sed  of  forty  to  fifty  riiiRS  of  cartilage  united  by  strong,  ehistic 
ligaments,  whirli  <.Mve  the  wiiidpiix-  its  flexibility,  so  that  it  can 
be  bent  in  any  direction.  It  is  lined  with  mucous  membrane.  It 
can  be  readily  fell  in  the  front  (,f  the  neck,  the  upper  end  Ixring 
very  snperfici.il. 

The  Bronchial  Tubes  and  Air  Cells.— The  bn.nchi.al 
tubes  are  of  the  same  comjx.sition  .as  the  windpiiK>,  bm  „„ly 
about  h.df  the  si/e.  These,  after  they  pass  into  the  subst.ince  of 
the  lungs,  break  iij.  into  otlier  smaller  tulies  which  j.ass  all 
through  the  lungs,  terminating  in  what  are  known  as  air  cells. 
Avery  thin  mucous  membrane,  which  is  a  continuation  of  that 
of  .rgans  already  meiilicined,  lines  all  these  part^..  Just  inside 
this  membrane  is  found  the  capillary  net-work  of  the  lungs,  and 
while  tlie  lilood  from  the  he.irt  is  slowly  passing  through  these 
capillaries  it  gives  ofl  to  the  .air  the  carl)onic  acid  gas,  .and  absorbs 
the  r.xygen  from  the  i)ure  air  while  it  is  in  the  lungs.  The  object 
of  the  system  being  to  purify  the  blood  in  this  manner. 

The  Lungs  are  the  essential  organs  of  respiration.  They 
consist  of  two— ri.ulit  and  left— spongy  masses,  commonly  called 
"lights"  and  are  situated  in  the  chesi  cavity.     On  .account  of  the 


ANATOMY  OP  THE  HORSE 


49 


heart  occupying'  a  hollow  in  the  left  lung  the  rJKht  i»  the  larger, 
a!i(l  is  also  the-  tnorc  iricim  iitlj'  iliscaseil.    They  arc  separated  by  a 

i):irtiti"ii  calkd  tlu-  iiuili,i>timiMi,  and  al>o  l)y  the  lieart,  by  large 
bl'Kxl  ,  t'--,cl-i,  and  l>\-  tiieesophaj^iis  wlinii  passis  (»n  the  way  in  the 
-!•  mull  Till'  '.tnutiiK.-  (if  the  liiii>,  i-^  a  liKht,  soft,  but  ^tron^;  and 
I  l.i'-iic  tissue,  and  i>  full  of  aii  cells  and  Intus.  Ivxternally  the  hnivjs 
;irc  iii\.red  by  tlio  [)leura  or  serous  niendirane  al^o  lininj^  the 
tlicst  lavity.  Hialthy  hiii>;s  float  in  watei ,  ami  are  of  a  rosy, 
tl(.-.h  lolor,  marked  by  irregular  inarbling  <ir  nK'Uliiig.  The  lung  of 
a  fii  Ins  wliieli  has  never  respired  will  sink,  but  when  ontx-  inflated 
will  llnal  if  healthy,  as  stated.  This  may  In;  made  useful  iu 
determining  whether  a  foal  was  iKirn  dead  or  died  after  birth 
The  lungs  are  well  supplied  with  blood  vessels  and  nerves. 

IJreathing  consists  in  first  drawing  in  the  pure  air,  and  in 
forcing  the  impure  out.  The  first  act  is  cau.sed  by  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles  of  the  chest  in  such  a  manner  as  to  enlarge  the 
chest  ea\it>',  and  on  account  of  the  space  between  lungs  and 
elu-.t  w.ills  being  air  tight,  the  lungs  eidarge  and  the  air  rushes 
in  to  fdl  the  space.  These  nnisdes  then  rela.K  and  others  con- 
tract so  as  to  close  the  chest  cavity,  making  the  lungs  smaller 
and  foniiig  out  the  air. 


THE  URINARY  ORGANS.— The  urinary  organs  con- 
sist chiefly  of  the  kidneys,  ureters,  bladder  and  urethra. 

The  Kidneys.  —These  are  two  in  numlKT  and  are  situated 

on  the  right  and  left  of  the  spinal  column,  just  iK-ncath  what   is 
termed  the  loins  or  small  ofthe  back.     The  right  one  is  farther 
ahead  than  the  left,  lying  beneath  the  lasi   rib.    These  organs  ar 
full  of  tubes  which   excrete  the  urine  from  the  l)lood  while  it  is 
[lassing  from  the  kidneys,  this  being  their  function. 

The  Urine,  the  fluid  excreted  by  the  kidneys,  consists  of 
water,  but  holding  in  solution  a  varying  (piantity  of  earthy  salts 
and  a  {K>cnliar  nitrogenous  substance  known  as  urea,  which  if 
not  carried  out  of  the  system  acts  as  a  blood  poi.son. 

The  Ureters.— These  are  the  tubes  which  carry  the  urine 
f-  m  the  jielvis  of  the  kidney  down  to  the  bladder.  There  are 
two  nf  tht-nv  or.e  fro?n  each  kidney,  passing  back  on  each  side  of 


tin  mi  m 


t\< 


SO 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


li    I 


I 


the  liip  cavity  close  to  tlie  walls.  They  enter  the  upper  back 
part  of  the  bladder  close  together.  They  are  about  the  si/e  of  a 
straw. 

The  Bladder.-  This  is  situated  in  the  pelvic  or  hip  cavity 
lynig  on  the  front  part  of  its  floor  It  has  a  body  and  neck  the 
body  being  in  front  with  neck  to  the  rear  and  in  connection  with 
the  urethra.  The  bla.lder  is  nuide  up  of  three  coats,  a  serous,  a 
muscular  and  a  nuicous,  somewhat  similar  to  the  bnwels.  The 
outer,  .--erous.  is  a  continuation  of  the  lining  of  the  beliy  cavity 
the  imier  nmcous.  Wlien  the  bla.kler  is  empty  it  is  thrown  into 
folds.  The  muscular  coat  has  the  power  of  contraction,  thus 
emptyii.g  the  bladder  when  full  The  office  of  the  bladder  is  to 
act  as  a  reservoir  for  the  urine,  and  when  full,  the  nerves  of  the 
wall  are  acted  on  in  such  a  maimer  as  to  cause  the  contraction 
spoken  of  and  conse<iuent  emptying  of  the  bladder  The  neck  is 
guarded  with  a  muscular  valve  which  prevents  passage  of  urine 
except  when  the  bladder  contracts. 

The  Urethra  is  the  tube  that  carries  the  water  from  the 
l)ladder  to  the  outside.  In  the  mare  it  is  very  short,  passing 
from  the  bladder  along  and  below  the  womb  and  vagina  or  pas- 
sage from  womb  to  the  vi-.lva,  and  it  oj^ns  up  onto  the  floor  of 
the  vulva  fn.m  four  to  si.x  inches  from  the  outside.  The  opening 
can  be  felt  by  the  finger  uixm  examination.  In  the  horse  the 
urethra  is  a  great  deal  longer;  from  the  bladder  it  passes  along 
below  tlie  rectum  to  just  below  the  anus;  here  the  tube  bends 
downward  and  forw.inl,  passing  into  and  down  to  the  end  of  the 
penis.  In  the  horse  this  tube  is  used  in  connection  with  the 
organs  of  re]iroduction 

THE  GENERATIVE  ORGANS  OF  THE  HORSE.- 

The  principal  organs  of  generation  in  the  horse  are  the  testicles 
and  the  ]x.-iiis. 

The  Testicles  arc  two  in  number  and  lie  in  a  double  pouch 
called  tlie  scrotum.  In  fetal  life  they  are  at  first  situated  in  the 
belly  cavity  near  the  kidneys,  but  about  the  time  of  birth  they 
descend  to  the  scrotum  through  what  are  termed  inguinal  rings- 
openings  at  the  back  part  of  the  muscles  of  the  tellv— where 


mm'-^^^Mk^k^^MsMj^;^ 


ANATOMY  OF  THE  HORSE 


5> 


fbey  are  attached  to  the  under  part  of  the  hip  bones.  The  testi- 
:les  are  oval  glandular  organs  and  their  office  is  to  secrete  the 
SLHiCu.  Lying  upon  the  top  part  of  each  testicle  is  a  narrow 
IlittenL'd  body  called  the  epididymis.  The  substance  of  the  testi- 
cles is  made  up  of  small  tubes,  these  finally  uniting  into  a  few 
tDrtuous  tubes  to  form  the  epididymis.  The  vas  deferens  is 
formed  by  a  union  of  the  tubes  of  the  epididymis  and  is  the 
Lxcretory  duct  of  the  testicles.  It  ascends  along  with  other 
-tructures  which  together  form  the  spermatic  cord,  the  cord 
attaching  the  testicle  to  the  body. 

The  spermatic  cord,  one  for  each  testicle,  is  composed  of 
.irteries,  veins,  lymphatics,  and  the  vas  deferens,  and  extends 
from  the  internal  inguinal  ring,  where  its  component  structnres 
lire  collected  together,  through  the  inguinal  canal,  and  into  the 
scrolnm,  where  it  terminates  by  attaching  to  the  testicle.  It  is 
cut  in  removing  the  testicle.  The  vesiculae  seminales  are  two 
reservoirs  situated  upon  the  per  back  part  of  the  bladder;  they 
recei\e  the  semen  from  the  \ a:i  deferens  which  open  into  them, 
one  into  each.  They  secrete  a  fluid  \v^  ich  is  mixed  with  that 
from  tlie  testicles.  During  the  act  of  copulation  the  semen  is 
expelled  from  here  by  colitraction  of  the  walls  through  the  ejacu- 
l.itory  ducts  into  the  urethra.  The  ejaculatory  ducts  are  two  very 
short  tubes  connecting  the  two  vesiculae  seminales  with  the 
r.retlira.  The  urethra  is  the  tube  that  extends  from  the  neck  of 
ilie  bladder  to  the  point  of  the  penis.  It  is  common  to  both 
urinary  and  generative  syst'-'ms. 

The  semen,  or  seminal  lluid,  is  the  generative  product  of  the 
horse.  Under  the  microscope  it  is  found  to  contain  numerous 
small  living  forms  called  spermatozoa,  and  when  one  of  these  meets 
tlie  ovum  of  the  female  after  copulation,  it  germinates,  and  from 
the  ovum  thus  fertilized  the  fcetus  develops,  the  development 
taking  place  in  the  womb. 

The  Penis  is  the  organ  of  copulation  and  may  be  divided 
into  root,  IkxIv,  and  extremity  or  glans  penis.  The  back  part  of 
it  is  attached  to  the  under  surface  of  the  pelvic  bones.  The  sub- 
stance is  formed  of  what  is  called  erectile  tissue,  which  under  cer- 
tnit!   conditions  becomes  distended   with   blood.      The  urethra 


5« 


THE  PRACTICAI^  STOCK  IXJCTOR 


passes  along  the  under  side,  and  acts  as  a  conductor  for  both  the 
urine  and  the  seminal  fluid.  The  glans  penis,  or  extremity,  is  an 
enlargement  of  what  is  called  the  corpus  spongiosum.  The  sheatb 
is  a  loose  process  of  skin  which  invests  tlie  free  part  of  the  penis, 
it  forms  a  wrinkled  and  folded  sack,  and  extends  from  the  scro- 
ttnn,  witli  which  it  is  continuous,  to  a  varying  distance  forward. 
The  sheath  covers  and  protects  the  penis  except  during  erection; 
the  erection  is  simply  due  to  the  excessive  filling  of  the  pfiiis 
with  blood; 

THE  GENERATIVE  ORGANS  OF  THE  MARE.- 

The  female  organs  of  generation  may  be  divided  into  the  ovaries, 
with  their  ducts,  the  womb  or  uterus,  the  vagina  or  passage  from 
the  womb,  and  the  external  part  which  is  called  the  vulva. 

The  Ovaries  corresjxmd  to  the  testicles  of  the  horse;  they 
are  about  the  size  and  shape  of  a  pigeon's  egg;  are  held  in  place 
by  ligaments  and  are  a  little  behind  the  kidneys.  At  the  back 
part  each  has  a  tube  leading  from  it  to  the  womb,  called  the 
Fallopian  tnl)e.  Beneath  the  coat  of  each  ovary  lies  what  are 
called  the  graafian  vesicles.  Each  of  these  sacs  contain  a  fluid, 
and  an  ovum  ;  the  fluid  increa.ses  in  jpiantity  and  the  vesicle 
grows,  and  finally  the  wall  of  the  ovary  and  of  the  sac  gives  way 
and  the  ovum  or  egg  escapes  into  the  Fallopian  tube  and  through 
it  into  the  womb. 

The  Uterus,  or  Womb,  is  a  muscular,  membranous  sac  or 
pouch  in  the  hip  cavity  between  the  bladder  and  the  rectum,  and 
is  the  organ  in  which  ilie  development  of  the  young,  or  fcetus, 
from  the  ovum  takes  phice.  It  is  divided  into  what  is  known  as 
the  body  and  two  bonis,  the  horns  projecting  forward  from  the 
iKxly;  the  back  end  of  the  body  is  restricted  and  forms  the  neck; 
it  is  a  small  organ,  being  only  about  six  to  eight  inclies  in  length 
and  a  couple  of  inches  in  diameter  when  animal  is  not  pregnant.  It 
is  lined  with  mucous  membrane  and  liberally  supplied  with  blood 
vessels  and  nerves.  It  is  held  in  place  by  strong  ligaments 
attached  to  the  sides  and  from  there  to  the  liii)  bones;  these  are 
called  broad  ligaments.  At  the  back  of  the  womb  the  neck 
opens  into  the  vagina,  the  opening  being  called  the  mouth  of 
the  womb. 


ANATOMY  OK  THE  HORSE 


53 


The  Vagina  is  a  membranous  canal  extending  from  the 
womb  or  uterus  to  the  exterior  part  or  vulva,  and  is  situated 
oetween  the  rectum  and  bladder.  It  is  made  up  of  two  mem- 
branes, one  muscular  and  the  inner  mucous.  It  is  small  at  the 
outer  part,  but  widens  at  its  inner  portion  and  surrounds  the 
neck  of  the  womb.  It  receives  the  penis  during  the  copulation, 
and  forms  the  passage  of  the  foetus  at  birth. 

The  Vulva  is  the  external  opening  of  the  organs  of  genera- 
iioTi  and  urination,  and  is  situated  immediately  tK-low  the  ant"5. 
it  is  made  up  of  two  lips  and  a  short  canal  leading  forward  from 
diem  In  the  inferior  angle  of  the  orgati,  in  a  depression  on  the 
iloor,  lies  what  is  called  the  clitoris;  it  is  similar  in  structure  to 
the  penis  in  the  male,  and  becomes  erected  in  copulation  and 
after  urination.  The  urethra  opens  into  the  passage  about  four 
to  six  inches  from  the  external  opening. 

The  Hymen  is  an  incomplete  partition  or  membrane  which 
separates  the  vulva  from  the  vagina,  lying  immediately  before 
the  urethral  opening.  It  is  ruptured  duruig  the  first  act  of 
copulation. 

The  Mammary  Glands,  or  Udder,  are  two  glands  situated 
between  the  thighs  of  the  mare,  the  use  of  which  is  to  secrete  and 
hold  milk  for  the  nourishment  of  the  new  born  animal.  The 
^'lands  are  covered  with  a  smooth,  thin  skin,  and  the  substance  of 
ihem  is  filled  with  small  glands  and  tubes.  The  glands  are  liber- 
illy  supplied  with  blood,  from  which,  by  some  mystic  touch  of 
nature,  the  milk  is  formed,  and  is  conveyed  to  the  young  through 
teats  on  the  under  side  of  the  glands,  the  ends  of  which  are 
pierced  by  several  holes  for  its  escape. 


''■f  ^'Pi 


**.:• 


■iP"fp"T7»: 


54 


THli  I'RACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ANATOMY  OF  MAN  AND  HORSE 
COMPARED 


THE  lx)ny  structure  of  tiie  liorsu,  wlieii  carefully  compared  with 
thatof  ..lan.docs  not  rewal  those  differences  that  one  from 
superficial  review'  might  think  existed.  As  KniR  ago  as  thedays  of 
Aristotle  the  (juestion  had  been  given  some  study,  and  that  wise 
man  was  enabled  to  state,  tli  \t  though  the  horse  was  a  hoofed 
and  apparently  a  single-toed  animal,  he  nevertheless  had  the 
rudiments  of  toes  enclosed  in  the  flinty  hoof  which  develoixd 
arouud  the  foot  and  protected  it  from  the  rough  soil  over  which 
the  animal  traveled.  And  the  parallel,  when  once  found  to  exist 
in  the  foot  of  the  man  and  the  horse,  is  easily  extended  to  all 
the  other  parts  of  the  skeleton.  In  the  table  given  below,  the 
names  of  the  diflerent  parts  of  the  limbs  of  man  and  of  the  horse 
are  given  in  parallel  lines,  so  that  ou'  may  see  at  a  glance,  those 
exactly  corresponding,  though  called  by  diflFerent  names. 


FRONT  LIMBS. 


MAN 

Arm  (Humerus)         corrre.sponds  tn 

Forearm  "  " 

Wrist 

Hand  (Metacarpus)  "  '' 

Knuckles  "  " 

Fingers  "  " 


HOKSH 

Lower  bone  of  the  shoulder  (arm). 

Foreann. 

Knee. 

Cannon  and  splint  bones. 

Fetlocks. 

Pastern  ami  foot. 


Thigh  (Femur) 

Knee 

Shin  bone 

Ankle 

Foot  (Metatarus) 

Ball  of  the  foot 

Toe 


inND  LIMBS, 
corresjjonds  to     fpper  bone  of  the  thigh. 
"  "     Slide  joint. 

"  "  Lower  thiKh  or  gBskin. 

"  Hock. 

"  "  ivcg,  back  cannon. 

"  '  FeUock. 

"  "  Pastern  and  loot. 


€  n 


ANATOMY  Ol-  TIIK  HORSE 


55 


PROPORTIONS  OF  THE  HORSE 


Scale  of  Mertsurements. 

To  assist  in  judging  horses  wo  give  an  outline  indicating  the 
proiKjrtions  of  the  several  parts.  In  making  thischart,  the  average 
of  six  horses  of  perfect  symnictrj-  is  coml)ined.  And  while  this 
will  not  applj'  to  draft  horses,  the  nearer  horses  of  general  utility 
come  to  the  measurements  the  better  they  will  be. 

INCIll'S. 

IKi-ht 63 

LciiKtU  from  shoul«lcr-jX)int  to  iiuarler 66 

Lowest  part  of  chest  to  the  ground 36 

lilbow  point  to  the  ground 39 

Withers  to  poll  just  behind  the  cars,  in  a  straight  line 30 

Same  measure  along  the  crest..  32 

Length  of  head 22 

Widlhacross  the  forehead 9^ 

From  withers  to  the  hip 23 

From  stiiie  to  |)oiiit  of  nock,  as  in  attitude  of  chart 27 

Root  of  tail  U>  stille  joint 26 

I'oiut  of  hoik  to  the  ground 22ji 

Fore  arm  from  elbow  to  trapiviuiii  bone  (rear  bone  form- 
ing articulation  of  the  knee) iqi^ 

I'rom  trapezium  bone  to  the  ground ly",^ 

Girth  vanes  from 78  to  79 

Circumference  of  the  fore  cannon  lK)ne  (large  nietacarfial 
or  shauk  Ixjue  extending  from  the  knee  to  the  fet- 
lock)  7i.<  ir.    n 

Circumference  of  the  fore  arm  just  below  the  elbow...i6>i  to  18 


56 


Till'    rU ACTICAI.  vSTOCK.  DOCTOR 


WATER  AND  WATERING 


IT  is  generally  lieKl,  at  least  in  practice,  that  any  water  that 
stock  can  I)e  induced  to  drink,  is  snfiiciently  pure  for 
their  use.  This  practice  occasions  losses  that  would  startle 
us  if  statistics  were  at  hand.  Water  that  is  impure  from 
the  presence  of  deconiposiug  organic  matter,  such  as  is  found 
in  wells  and  jionds  in  close  proximity  to  manure  heaps  and 
cess-pools,  is  frequently  the  cause  of  diarrhea,  dysentery, 
and  many  other  diseases  of  stock,  while  water  that  is  im- 
I)regnated  with  different  poisons,  and  contaminated  with  specific 
bacteria,  produces  death  in  very  many  instances.  Smith,  in  his 
"Veterinary  Iljgieue,"  classes  spring,  deep-well  water  and  upland 
surface  water,  as  "wholesome;"  stored  rain  water  aud  surface 
water  from  cultivated  land,  as  "suspicious;"  and  river  water  to 
which  sewerage  gains  access,  and  shallow  wells,  as  "dangerous." 
The  practice  of  dejx'nding  on  scooiMjd  out  water  holes,  to  b. 
supplied  with  rainwater,  as  is  the  case  in  some  states,  isdecidedly 
objectionable.  Pure  water  is  clear  and  without  taste  or  smell; 
much  beyond  that  the  ordinary  individual  cannot  go  in  deter- 
mining water  qualities,  but  he  can  use  all  ordinary  safeguards  to 
insure  his  animals  getting  water  .such  as  he  would  wish  to  drink. 

Considering  the  quantity  that  may  be  required  by  the  horse, 
it  may  be  said  that  when  animals  have  access  to  water  continually, 
they  never  drink  to  excess.  When  the  horse  is  placed  where  he 
has  to  depend  upon  his  attendant  for  his  water  supply,  it  may  be 
stated,  in  a  rough  way,  that  he  requires  about  eight  gallons  of 
water  daily,  the  amount  varying  with  the  character  of  the  food 
given,  the  weather  and  the  work. 

The  time  of  watering  should  be  carefully  studied.  The 
horse  should  be  watered  at  least  three  times  a  day;  when  at 
work,  oftcner,  if  conditions  are  such  as  to  make  it  possible. 
There  is  a  popular  fallacy  that  if  a  horse  is  warm  he  should  not 
be  allowed  any  water,  many  claiming  that  the  first  swallow  of 
water  '  'founders' '  the  animal  or  produces  colic.  This  is  erroneous. 
No  taattcf  bow  warm  a  horse  may  be,  it  is  always  safe  to  allow 


--  T  1  '* 


FOOD  AND  KEICDING 


57 


him  from  six  to  ten  swallows  of  water,  but  a  larj;e  quantity  at 
this  tiino  is  harmful.  If  this  is  given  on  going  into  the  stable, 
he  should  be  given  at  once  a  pound  or  two  of  hay  and  allowed  to 
rest  al)out  one-half  hour  before  watering  more  and  feeding  grain. 
When  water  is  now  offered  him,  it  will  in  many  cases  Ix:  refused, 
or  at  least  he  will  drink  sparingly.  The  danger  is  not  in  the 
•first  swallow,"  but  in  the  excessive  quantity  the  animal  will 
drink  when  heated,  if  not  restrained. 

Water  should  not  be  given  ice-cold.  In  winter  the  water- 
troii>;]is  should  stand  in  slielteretl  places  and  where  the  sun  can 
shine  on  the  water,  or  the  chill  removed  with  tank  heaters. 

Water  should  always  be  given  before  feeding,  unless  the 
.animal  is  too  warm,  in  which  case  a  little  hay  may  be  given,  and 
then  watereil  as  soon  as  rested.  If  watered  after  a  full  feed  the 
<totuach  is  distended,  and  digestion  interfered  with.  Water 
needs  no  digestion  and  if  given  before  feeding  pa.sses  rapidly 
from  the  stomach;  this  organ,  being  small,  its  entire  capacity  is 
needed  for  the  prop»,-r  digesting  of  the  food. 


FOOD  AND  FEEDING 


HAY.  —  The  best  hay  for  horses  is  mixed  clover  and 
timothy,  from  one-lialf  to  two-thirds  clover.  It  should  be  of 
a  greenish  color,  crisp,  clean,  fresh,  and  possessing  a  pleasant 
aroma.  Even  this,  if  kept  too  long,  loses  part  of  its  nourish- 
ment and  becomes  hard,  dry,  and  indigestible.  New  hay 
should  l)e  fed  with  care,  as  it  is  difificult  to  digest,  and  produces 
much  slavering,  and  occasionally  purging  and  irritation  of  the 
skin.  At  first  it  is  well  to  mix  it  with  old  hay.  The  second 
cro]),  f)r  aftermath,  is  not  considered  g(KKl  h.ay  for  horses,  but 
prized  by  some  as  a  food  for  milch  cows,  they  claiming  that  if 
increases  the  flow  of  milk.  Hay  .should  be  cut  when  in  full 
llower,  before  the  seeds  fall;    it  lx:come?  dry  and  woody,  lacking 


\.iI-# 


5S 


TIIIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


nutrilion,  if  li^ii  loiii^cr.  It  sliould  rLinaiii  in  the  field  tlic shortest 
possible  time,  fur  if  left  tuo  long  in  the  sun,  it  loses  color,  flavor, 
and  wastes.  There  can  he  no  fixed  time  for  curing,  as  conditions 
of  weather  govern,  hut,  in  order  to  preserve  the  color,  arotua 
and  liest  i|ualii\-,  it  sliould  l>e  gathered  as  <}uickly  as  is  possible. 
Ou  the  other  hand,  hay  will  siMiil  in  the  mow  if  not  sufficiently 
cured,  and  the  last  state  is  worse  than  the  first,  for,  as  before 
stated,  musty  and  moldy  hay  is  productive  of  many  disorders. 

The  average  horse,  gettitig  grain,  should  be  allowed  from  ten 
lu  fiftiin  jxmnds  of  hay  daily,  but  it  is  an  error  to  tliink  that 
horses  at  light  work  can  subsist  entirely  on  hay,  for  such  animaliL 
will  beidine  jiot-liellied,  fall  off  in  flesh,  and  will  not  thrive. 
Colt^  will  grow  uj)  on  a  hay  diet  solely,  into  long,  lean,  gawk> 
creatures,  never  making  as  good  horses  as  those  accustomed  to 
grain  in  addition  to  hay. 

STRAW,  if  used  at  all.  should  be  cut  and  mixed  with  hay, 
and  ground  or  crushed  grain.  Wheat,  rye,  and  oat  straw  are 
the  ones  most  used,  and  of  these  the  oat  straw  is  the  best.  Pea 
and  bean  straw  are  sometimes  fed  to  horses,  the  pea  being 
preferred . 

CHAFF. -Wheat  and  rye  chaff  should  never  be  used  for 
horse  feed.  The  beards  get  lodged  in  the  mouth  and  throat,  and 
produce  more  or  less  .serious  trouble.  In  the  stomach  and  bowels 
they  often  serve  as  the  nucleus  for  "soft  concretions,"  as  spoken 
of  in  diseases  of  those  organs.  Oat  chaff,  if  fed  in  small  (juan- 
tities  and  mixed  with  cut  hay,  or  corn  fotlder,  is  much  liked  by 
horses.  Troublesome  and  sometimes  fatal  diarrhea  follows,  in 
some  instances,  the  practice  of  allowing  horses  and  cattle  free 
access  to  a  pile  of  oat  chaff. 

GRAINS."  Oats  take  the  precedence  of  all  single  grains  as  a 
food  for  liorses,  as  the  iiigredienls  necessary  for  the  nourishment 
of  the  body  exist  in  them  in  the  right  proportions.  They  are, 
besides,  more  easily  digested,  and  a  larger  proportion  absorl)ed  and 
converted  into  body  <  ue.  The  best  oats  are  six  to  twelve  nionlhs 
old,  plump,  hard,  clean,  bright  and  sweet.  New  oats  are  indi- 
gestible;   kiln  dried  oats   are    to  Ijc   refused  as  a   rule,   for  the 


[Wk 


FOOD  AND  FEIiDING 


59 


.Ir.\  iii^'  pffKcss  injures  them.  Sprouted  or  iermentcd  oats  should 
iiLViT  Ix!  fed.  Cruslied  oats  are  the  best  for  old  horses  and  those 
having  bad  teeth.  Horses  that  "Ixjlt"  their  food  are  best  fed  on 
nislied  oats,  and  out  of  a  manger  larj,'e  enough  to  allow  spreading 
Ik-  grain  in  a  thin  layer, 

A  mixeil  grain  ration,  comjHJsetl  of  a  mixture  of  oats,  corn 
.:iid  bran  is  better  tlian  any  single  grain;  a  mixture  of  two  parts 
>  .idi  of  cum  and  oats  and  one  part  bran,  by  weight,  is  good,  or 
tqnal  i>arts()f  each.  During  very  hard  work  theadditicmof  from 
.,iR-lialf  U>  one  ixmnd  of  linseed  meal  or  gluten  feed  to  each  ration 
is  of  great  value. 

The  average  horse  re(inires,  m  addition  to  his  hay  ration,  from 
four  to  twelve  pounds  of  grain  daily,  depending  uihju  the  amount 
of  work  l)eing  dune.  The  best  oats  are  cut  alx)ut  one  week  be- 
fore being  fully  riiK.-.  Not  only  is  the  grain  richer  in  nutritive 
proiH-rties,  but  there  is  less  waste  from  scattering  than  if  left  to 
become  dead  ripe.  Moldy  oats,  like  hay  and  straw,  are  productive 
of  digestive  diseases. 

Wheat  and  rye  are  not  to  l)e  used  as  food  for  horses  except 
in  small  (|uantities,  bruised  or  crushed,  and  fed  with  other  grains 
or  hay.  If  fed  alone  in  any  considerable  amounts,  they  are  almost 
sure  to  produce  digestive  di.seases.  founder  and  like  troubles. 
Tlie\  should  never  constitute  more  than  one- fourth  of  the  grain 
allow.iiice,  and  best  be  ground. 

bran  of  wheat  is  an  excellent  food  for  horses.  It  should  not  be 
deiKiKltd  upon  and  given  alone,  but  should  lie  fed  with  other  grains. 
It  keejis  the  bowels  free.  If  sour,  it  should  not  be  used,  as  it  will 
disorder  the  stomach  and  intestines  and  may  protluce  serious  re- 
sults. It  is  better  to  make  it  a  part  of  each  day's  ration  than  to 
fi-ed  it  once  or  twice  a  week  as  is  so  often  done. 

Corn  is  not  i  suitable  grain  as  exclusive  food  for  young 
horses  esi)ecially,  as  it  is  deficient  in  mineral  .salts.  It  may  be 
fed  either  wliole  or  ground.  If  fed  whole,  feed  on  the  cob. 
Horses  unaccustomed  to  corn  should  l)e  fed  in  small  amount  at 
first,  gradually  increasing  the  amount;  otherwise  an  attack  of 
indigestion  may  result. 

Linseed,  ground,  is  occasionally  fed  with  other  food  to  keep 
the  bowels  o{K-n  and  improve  skin  conditions.     It  is  partictilarly 


Mit'i.- 


60 


Till'    rKACTKAI.  STOCK   I>()CT(>R 


ROfxi  <Uinn>;  (i.nvalcsccnce,  wluti  lit.\v<ls  arc  sltij^msli   in  actitjn 
l,iii>,oi.-(l    tea  1^  very  ofUii  i:,i\t.\i    in  irritahle   coiulilioiis  of  llie 
digestive  tract. 

ROOTS.  I'litatocs  are  used  for  liorse  foinl  in  many  sections 
If  fe  1  raw  ami  in  lar^v  ([uantities  they  are  apt  to  proihjce  iiuli- 
^chtioii.  Their  dij^'estihihty  is  favored  by  steaniinjj  or  boilhiR. 
In  common  wiili  other  roots  they  are  slit,'liily  laxative.  liectsart 
not  much  n^ed  for  horses.  Carrots  make  excellent  fo<xl,  esi)ecially 
during'  sickness.  They  improve  the  ap}x;titt  and  slightly  increase 
action  of  bowels  and  kidne>s:  ini[)ro\e  the  coat,  and  some  claim 
that  chronic  eolith  has  been  cured  by  their  use.  They  may  be 
considered  as  an  adjinict  to  other  foods,  and  fed  in  small  quanti- 
ties with  iKiiefit. 

GRASSES.— Grass  is  the  natural  food  of  horses.  It  iscom- 
l)Ost<l  of  a  ureat  variety  of  plants,  diflerin^  widely  in  amount  of 
noiirislimetit  contained,  some  being  almost  without  focnl  value, 
ami  others  eaten  only  when  nothing  else  is  obtainable.  Some  are 
injurious  and  even  poisonous.  None  of  the  gras.ses  are  sufficient 
to  keep  a  horse  in  work.  Horses  thus  fed  are  "soft"'  sweat  ea.sily, 
purn;e,  and  sooii  tire  on  the  road.  To  growinj?  sttick  it  is  indis- 
pensable, ami  it  acts  as  an  alterative  to  horses  that  are  fed  on  hay 
aii<l  grain.  It  must  be  fed  to  grain  and  hay  fed  animals  in  small 
amounts  at  the  outset.  The  sloin.ach  and  lK)wels  undergo  rest, 
and  recuperate,  if  the  horse  is  turned  to  grass  for  a  time  each 
year.  During  febrile  diseases  grass  acts  almost  as  a  medicine, 
lessening  fever  and  favoring  recovery;  wotnids  heal  more  rapidly 
than  when  on  grain,  and  some  chronic  disea.ses  dis  ippear  entirely 
when  at  <4rass.  If  fed  to  him  it  .should  be  fresh  cut,  but  where 
possible  ho  shoidd  be  allowed  to  crop  it  himself;  thus  enjoying 
not  only  the  heibage  in  its  native  condition,  but  the  air,  and 
sense  of  freedom  as  well 


PREPARATION  OF  FOODS.— Foods  are  prepared  for 
feeding  for  any  of  the  following  reasons:  To  render  it  more 
easily  eaten;  to  make  it  more  digestible;  to  economize  in  amount; 
10  give  it  some  new  quality;    to  preserve  it. 


M^^My^' 


FOOD  AND  I'lvJvDlNO 


61 


Till.'  <linticiit  };riins  arc  more  easilv  eaten  v.  lien  >;rouii'l, 
HP  'all,  or  c\eii  ImhU.I  Rye  or  wheal  slioukl  ».  .ver  Ix  j^ivcn 
uiiok,  and  there  i>  less  waste  when  corn  is  >;rotuul;  and  aj;ain, 
eoni  ill  oiiuiuon  with  otlier);raiiisis  easier  di>;esteil  than  when  fed 
wlinli.-.  Hay  ami  fixUler  are  eeonomi/.ed  v.  lien  ait  in  short  l»ieces 
Not  only  will  the  horse  eat  the  neeessjiry  anioinit  in  less  time, 
liul  it  will  he  found  that  there  is  k-ss  wasti  and  the  mastication 
)f  ^'rains  whole  or  jjround —ted  with  !iem  is  assured.  I'eeding 
the  grain  mixed  with  cut  hay  or  fodder  is  a  good  way  to  feed 
hor.iL.s  that  liolt  their  fo<x'. 

One  objection  to  feeding  cnt  hay  mixed  with  ground  or 
eriislied  grain  and  welted,  di.ring  the  hot  months,  must  not  he 
viverlooked.  Siu  h  fcxid  is  apt')  undergo  fermentation  unless  fed 
,it  (tiue,  and  the  mixing  trough  even,  unless  often  scalded  and 
'.haiinl,  hecoiiies  sour,  and  enough  of  its  >trapings  are  given  wit  ii 
ilu.  fn(Kl  to  prcxluce  wind  colic.  .\  small  amount  of  salt  should 
always  he  mixed  with  such  fcKxl. 

Improper  feeding  and  watering  doubtless  accounts  for  over 
one  half  the  digestive  disorders  met  with  in  the  horse,  hence  the 
reader  cannot  fail  to  see  the  importance  of  having  some  proper 
ideas  concerning  these  sul)jects. 

In  this  land,  lior.ses  are  fed  chiefly  on  hay,  grass,  roots,  oats, 
corn,  wheat  and  rye,  and  many  think  they  could  subsist  on 
nolliing  else.  We  are  fold,  by  authority,  that  in  some  sterile 
countries  horses  live  on  dried  fish,  aud  even  vegetable  mold.  In 
Arabia  they  are  fed  on  milk,  flesh-balls,  eggs  ar.  1  broth;  while  iu 
some  of  the  countries  f>f  the  far  east,  s;dt,  |x;pper,  and  other 
pices  are  made  into  balls  with  flour  and  butter,  and  these  are 
supmised  to  protluce  animation  and  to  make  a  fine  coat. 

In  the  selection  of  f(M)d  for  horses,  we  .should  reinemlier  the 
arrangement  of  the  digestive  organs,  as  well  as  the  f  .inctions  of 
each,  p'ood  must  be  wholesome,  clean  and  sweet;  the  hours  of 
feeding  regular;  the  be--t  metliods  of  preparing  adhered  to;  md 
cleanliness  observed  in  Ixjth  the  preparation  and  the  feeding. 
The  length  of  stomach  digestion  varies  with  difljerent  foods.  Hay 
and  straw  pass  out  of  the  stomach  quicker  than  oai.-.  For  this 
rca.S(m  oats  should  be  given  after  hay,  for  if  reversed,  the  hay 
vviU  carry  the  oats  out  of  the  stomach  before  U-iug  fuiiy  acted 


Tin;  rUACTlCAI.  STOCK.  DOCTOR 


uiKiti,  aiiil  iiidiKcstioii  is  the  nsiiU.  Aiiolliii  u.iMm  wliy  hay  is 
K>st  first.  csjKcially  if  hijii^;ry,  is  that  it  riMjiiirts  more  time  for 
uiaslication  ami  cannot  Ijc  Ixjlttd  as  arc  tlic  ^;raiiis.  Walir  should 
never  !)e  >;iven  smni  after  eating,  as  it  washes  the  food  fn.tn  the 
stomach,  liefore  it  is  ready  for  intestinal  in(hKeslinii. 

Tile  stomach  begins  to  empty  it^lf  very  snon  after  lK.:giiiiiing 
to  eat,  and  continues  rapidly  <lnriiig  the  meal.  Afterward  the 
passage  is  slower  and  several  hours  are  re<|nired  for  the  stomach 
to  empt\  itself.  The  work  to  l>e  done,  should  direct  in  fixxl 
selection.  Rapid  or  severe  lahor  cannot  be  done  on  a  full 
stomach.  Horses  doing  work  of  an  exhausting  character,  should 
Ik-  fed  small  quantities,  and  about  two  hours  before  going  to  their 
woik.  Ivveti  •-low  work  hor>es  should  not  Ihj  fed  bulky,  innutri- 
tions foods  in  large  measure,  just  before  going  to  work.  The 
small  stomach  of  the  horse  would  seem  to  lead  us  to  the  con- 
clusion th.ii  he  should  Ije  fed  in  small  (juantities  and  often,  which 
in  reality  >houl(l  be  done.  The  disproi>ortion  between  .si/e  of 
stomach  and  amount  of  water  drank  tells  us  that  the  horse 
should  be  watered  before  feeding.  Feeding  t(K>  soon  after  a  hard 
day's  work  is  one  of  the  common  errors  of  feeding,  and  one  that 
produces  more  dige.-tive  disorders  than  any  other.  A  small 
(piantity  of  hay  may  Ix;  given,  but  grain  should  not  be  given 
for  one  half  hour  or  more.  The  same  rule  holds  for  hor.ses 
that  have  fasted  fr)r  a  long  time;  for  if  allowed  to  eal  t(j<)  much 
the  stomach  becomes  engorged,  its  walls  paralyzed  and  colic  is 
sure  to  follow.  Horses  .should  1m.-  fed  tliree  or  four  times  a  day; 
nor  will  it  do  to  feed  concentrated  food  alone.  Bulky  foods  must 
be  given  to  detain  the  grains  in  their  i)assage  through  llie  bowels; 
bulk  also  favors  di.sten.sion,  and  thus  mechanically  aids  ab.sorp 
lion.  To  horses  doing  slow  work,  choj)ped  or  cut  hay  fed  with 
crushed  oats,  ground  corn,  etc.,  is  the  best  manner  of  feeding, 
as  it  gives  the  recjuired  bulk,  saves  time  and  half  the  lalwr  of 
feeding. 

Suddt^n  changes  in  diet  are  always  dangerous— when  making 
a  change  of  food,  do  so  gradually,  A  sudden  change  from  o.ils 
to  a  full  meal  of  corn  will  most  likely  sicken  him.  An  inciease 
in  the  usual  f(xxl  must  be  done  gradually.  Quantity  nuist  be  in 
proportion   to   work.     If    a   hor.sc  is   to  do  less   work,  or    rests 


looi)  AM)  i'i;i;i)ixo 


6.1 


ntiKly  for  :!  fiw  days,  give  less  ftxxl.  Were  this  done  from 
^illlIllay  iii^lil  lo  Monday,  there  wfmM  lie  fewer  cases  of  "Mou- 
,l.iv  moiiiiri};  sickness,"  such  as  lyin|)haii>;itis  and  ct)hc.     ImmxIs 

iiiiiM  also  he  more  laxative  ill  nature  when  a  horse  is  idle. 
Dim  t  fee<l  musty  or  moldy  foods;  they  are  the  cause  of  several 
ili»-ease>.  Musty  hay  is  thought  to  produce  disorder  of  the 
kilneys;  ami  the  effect  of  smutted  grasses  and  grains  on  pregnant 
in, ires  is  prelly  well  known 

Do  not  exercise  a  horse  violently  immediately  after  feeclin',^. 
TIk  dJKotive  organs  recjuire  time  for  digesting  the  Uhh\  Ufore 
I'll..  lil<M)d  is  called  away  to  nourish  the  muscles. 

How  to   Make   Mashes.  -Take  4  quarts  of  good  bran, 

111' .  leii  it  gradually  with  hot  water,  then  add  Iniiling  water  to 
the  desired  consistency.  Cover  with  a  cloth  and  give  to  animal 
when  c(M)l  enough.     A  little  salt  may  Ik;  added  if  wished. 

Another  gocxl  mash  is  made  by  boiling  2  quarts  of  ground 
o.its  atid  I  pint  tla.xseed  and  a  little  salt  with  plenty  of  water 
tor  three  hours.  Then  mix  with  it  bran  enough  to  be  of  desired 
("tisislency.  This  is  enough  for  a  horse,  and  when  a  team  has 
been  on  dry  feed,  is  good  for  a  Sunday  morning  meal. 

How  to  Make  Gruel.— Stir  i  pint  or  more  of  oatmeal  gradu- 
.illv   into  4  quarts  of  cold  water.     Fine  cornmeal  and  flour  in 
e<jit,il  parts   may  be  substituted  when  oatmeal  is  not  available 
Then  fdl  up  the  pail  in  which  It  is  mixed,  with  water,  and  give  to 
animal  at  once.     C.ooil  for  a  tired  horse. 

How  to  Make  Hay  Tea.-  Fill  up  a  bucket  with  the  best 
■t  h  ly.  Pour  over  it  boiling  water  to  fdl  the  pail.  Cover  and  let 
•t  Mid,  pressint;  the  hay  down  occasionally,  or  set  on  the  stove  to 
!a.  p  hot  while  pres.sing.  In  fifteen  minutes  it  will  Ix;  steeped. 
I'oiir  ofT  water  into  another  bucket,  .ind  add  enough  cold  water 
t"  make  6  or  7  cpuirts.  Give  to  the  horse  when  cool  enough  to 
Iriiik.     Excellent  for  tired  horses. 


dtt 


i»i 


jHs^^^^E^^^^M»^^^^B 


THE  HORSE 


DISEASES  AND  THEIR  TREATMENT 


ANTISEPTICS— Aiiliscplics  arc  substances  applied  to 
wounds  or  sores  to  as-^ist  in  tlic  process  of  hcalini;  )))■  destroying 
the  Rcrnis  winch  materially  interfere  witii  the  process.  They  are 
used  in  solutions,  are  mixed  with  some  fatty  medium,  as  an  oint- 
uient,  or  are  dusted  ou  dry  in  the  form  of  powder.  Though 
eomniouly  called  "healinj,'  remedies,"  aiUisepties  jxjssess  no  true 
healing  ))roperties;  the  healinj4  process  heiuj;  accomplished  only 
l.\  the  living  cells  of  the  tissues.  Tliey,  however,  destroy  or 
prevent  the  growth  of  germ.-,  whieh  hy  gaining  entrance  to  sore:, 
and  wounds,  grow  and  nudtiply,  irritating  the  wounds,  injuring 
and  destroying  the  living  cell>  of  the  animal  ti^^ues,  and  often 
form  iHjisons  that  may  he  taken  up  by  the  blood  and  cause  injury 
or  death  fnjm  blo(jd  poisoning.  Were  it  not  for  germs,  no  wound 
wouM  be  f.itai  uide^s  some  vital  organ  was  mechanically  crippled, 
and  all  wounds  would  heal  wilhoiU  complications.  Ordinarily, 
wounds,  absres-'CS,  and  sores,  alToid  ideal  conditions  for  the 
growth  of  genii'-,  and  unless  carefully  treatcfl  are  swarming  with 
them.     The  office  •>(  antiseptics  is  to  destroy  these  germs. 

I'raclically  all  antiseptics  are  poisonous  if  used  in  concen- 
trated form,  aud  would  burn  and  destroy  the  tissues,  consequently 
they  are  used  in  such  ;i  strength  as  will  destroy  the  bacteria 
without  injuring  the  living  cells  ui  the  body.  Tcj  wcjunds,  auti 
.septics  are  usually  applied  iri  solution,  as  in  this  form  they 
IX'Uetrate  dee^KT  into  the  wound,  and  their  .strength  is  easily 
estimated;  besides,  they  often  po.ssess  other  projKTtieS  than  as 
germicides.  They  are  applied  as  washes  by  saturating  cotton  or 
other  material  and  placing  in  or<ni  the  wound,  and  by  injectingit, 
in  the  case  of  deep  wounds,  with  a  syringe.  In  getieral  it  is 
more  s.Uisfactory  to  use  antiseptics  freely  and  often  without 
disturbing  the  wound.     If  they  do  not  prove  satisfactory  either 


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DISEASES  OF  THIC  HORSE 


6S 


increase  strength  or  try  a  difTtrciit  aiitiseptic.  Again,  all  anti- 
septics do  not  work  c<|nally  will  in  all  cases.  In  appiirently 
similar  wounds  the  results  will  not  l>e  the  same  with  one  kiucl  of 
antiseptic — one  will  heal  finely  and  the  other  make  no  progress. 
In  unfavorable  cases,  change  the  antiseptic. 

Corrosive  Sublimate,  or  Hichlorideof  Mercury,  is  probably  the 
leading  antiseptic.  It  comes  in  tablet  form,  with  directions  for 
amount  of  water  in  which  to  be  dis.solved.  The  priucifwl  objec- 
tion to  this  drug  is  its  corrosive  effect  on  metals,  and  the  fact 
that  it  is  a  poweiful  poison.  It  should  always  fje  plainly 
labeled,  a  A  kept  where  children  cannot  get  to  it.  It  is  generally 
used  in  the  strength  of  i  part  Corrosive  Sublimate  to  t.ooo  parts 
of  water  (i  drachm  to  4  quarts)  for  external  application. 

Carlxjlic  Acid  is  one  of  the  most  frecjuently  used  antiseptics. 
It  is  dissolved  in  water,  and  used  in  strengths  varying  from  2^4 
10  5  per  cent.  One  part  of  acid  to  30  parts  of  water  is  (me  of  the 
frtiniently  used  proix)rtions.  For  a  strong  antiseptic  (jr  a  disin- 
feif:iTit,  I  part  of  Cartolic  Acid  to  20  p-arts  of  water  or  a  5  per 
^ent  solution,  is  u.sed.  Pure  Carl)olic  Acid  is  caustic,  and  will 
destroy  tissue  by  burning.     Carl)olic  Acid  is  poisonous. 

Sulphate  of  Copper,  also  called  "Blue-Stone"  and  "Blue- 
Vitriol,"  j'^  a  mild  antiseptic  and  in  aiklition  is  astriiigemt — tends 
ti>  pucker  the  tissues.  It  can  be  used  in  solution  in  the  strength 
of  from  2  to  4  drachms  to  the  pint  of  water.  For  certain  pur- 
iv>ses,  as  old  woutuls,  it  can  K'  made  much  stronger.  When 
iwwdcred  and  dusted  on  a  wound,  it  acts  as  a  caustic;  a  crystal 
'if  it  rubbed  011  a  surface  acts  as  a  caustic,  and  is  useful  to  check 
fiTeediiig.  An  ointnienf ,  to  dress  old  sores,  can  be  made  by  mix- 
!  1.1^  I  part  finely  powdered  IJIue-Stoiit  and  i  part  of  Sulphur,  with 
4  parts  of  fresh  lartl  or  vaseline.  This  dru.^  is  the  principal 
iii^redieiit  in  the  Bordeaux  mixture,  so  mucli  used  for  spraying. 

vSulphate  ot  Zinc,  also  called  "White  Vitriol,"  is  an  antiseptic 
and  an  astringent,  and  is  used  in  the  strength  of  one  part  of  the 
Zinc  Sulphate  to  30  to  60  parts  of  water,  or  2  to  4  drachms  to  a 
pint  of  water.  Six  drachms  of  Sulphate  of  Zinc  and  i  ounce 
Acetate  of  Lead  (Sugar  of  Lead)  dissolved  in  a  pint  of  water,  is 
a  fiue  remedy  and  one  that  is  much  used  iu  vetcnaary  practice. 


~^l 


15 
lb       ! 

i 
1 


66 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


It  is  called  "White   Lotion."      Should  Ix;   well  shaken    before 
applying.     Internally  it  is  a  jwison. 

An  excellent  antiseptic  ointment  for  use  on  sores  or  irritated 
conditions  of  the  skin,  is  made  by  comhininj;  i  part  of  Oxide  of 
Zinc  and  a  little  Carbolic  Acid  with  5  parts  fresh  Lard  or 
Vaseline.  The  Benzoatexl  Oxide  of  Zinc  Ointment,  iu  the  back 
part  of  this  book,  is  also  a  very  fine  preparation. 

Crcolin  is  a  ^ootl,  cheap  and  popular  antiseptic  and  deodor- 
izer, and  is  referred  to  in  many  places  in  this  work.  It  is  mixed 
with  water  in  the  proportions  of  i  to  3  parts  to  loo  parts  of 
water. 

Powdered  aiiti.septics,  as  already  noted,  are  much  used.  Of 
these,  Icxloform  is  much  used  for  dusting  on  wounds  and  sores,  but 
is  somewhat  barred  because  of  o<lor  and  expense.  Boric  Acid  is 
another  g(x>d  antiseptic  that  is  used  in  powder  form.  It  may  also 
be  used  in  solution  of  20  grains  of  acid  to  i  ounce  of  water,  and 
in  this  form  it  makes  an  excellent  wash  for  the  eye,  for  the 
mouth,  and  for  j)ther  caviiies,  as  it  is  practically  non-jx)is(jnous. 
Lime,  finely  ])iilvcrized  and  air-slaked,  is  extensively  used  for 
dusting  on  sores,  harness-galls,  and  supj>urating  surfaces,  and 
when  so  used  gives  good  results. 

Anti.scptics  are  a;)i)lied  in  ointment  form,  when  the  part  is 
hard,  dry,  and  irritated;  the  combination  of  fat  and  medicine 
seeming  to  .soften  and  soothe  the  part.  In  powdered  form,  dusted 
over  the  surface  of  a  sore,  antiseptics  are  v.iluable  in  dr_\  ing  up 
discharges  and  keeping  tlie  sores  dry  and  free  from  o<lor.  Some- 
times the  antiseptic  is  mixed  with  some  sticky  substaiici ,  sucli  as 
pitch  or  tar,  and  may  be  valuable  in  keeping  dirt  out  of  wound; 
but  care  must  be  taken  that  such  appliiatioiis  do  not  i)revent  the 
free  escape  of  pus. 

The  coal-tar  j)rcparations  put  out  by  difT.reiit  firms  are  very 
good  antiseptics.  Among  these  .ire  Zenoleiim.  Kreso,  and  others. 
They  are  used  iu  the  strength  of  1  part  jo  to  50  parts  of 
water. 

DISINFECTION.— This  consists  in  destroying  tlv'  germs 
or  virus  of  a  disease.  When  an  animal  has  been  suffering  fr^m  a 
contagious  disease,  it  is  neces.sary  to  disinfect  tlif-  quarters  and 


I 


^m. 


.t'' 


disi:ases  ok  thi-:  horsk 


67 


all  utensils,  instruments,  harness  and  eqnipment  that  may  have 
licCdiiie  infected  with  the  disease  germs.  First,  remove  all  litter, 
nihbisli,  and  loose  material  of  little  value  from  the  stable  and 
burn  them.  Then  thoroughly  scrub  the  walls,  fltxjrs,  ceilings, 
mangers,  pails,  and  other  utensils  with  a  .solution  made  by  mi.\- 
in^  1  piirt  of  Carbolic  Acid  with  30  jiarts  of  water — al)OUt  a  3  jx;r 
Lint,  solution.  When  this  is  dry,  walls  and  mangers  may  be 
whitewashed,  using  the  whitewash  hot.  Corrosive  Sublimate,  or 
liichloride  of  Mercury,  i  part  to  i  .ocxj  mrts  of  water  (i  drachm 
to  .\  quarts)  can  be  used  instead  of  the  Carbolic  solution,  but  must 
not  1)6  used  on  metal,  as  it  is  very  corroding.  One  part  of  Creolin 
in  30  parts  of  water  is  also  a  good  disinfectant,  and  has  the  added 
good  quality  of  not  beingpoisonous.  Don't  kt  Corrosive  Sublimate 
(jf  Carl)olic  Acid  get  on  food  which  animals  may  eat.  Bright  sun- 
lit;]! t  is  an  excellent  disinfectant  and  sliould  be  admitted  wherever 
possible.  All  infected  materials,  and  csjiecially  bodies  of  animals 
that  have  died  of  disease,  should  be  either  burned  or  buried  deep, 
covering  with  Lmie  before  the  dirt  is  thrown  on,  to  prevent 
further  spread  of  di.sease.  Dogs,  crows,  and  other  animals  fre- 
(juently  dig  up  and  carry  off  parts  of  carcasses,  where  burying  i:; 
not  properly  done.  Infection  is  also  carried  by  streams  of  water, 
liy  stock  cars,  and  by  litter  that  has  been  used  in  the  cars. 

Fumigating  a  stable  is  also  a  good  method  of  disinfection, 
and  can  \tc  used  in  connection  with  the  foregoing.  To  have  the 
fumigating  effectual,  tlie  room  nuist  be  fairly  tight.  Sulphur  is 
jvrhaps  the  most  convenient  substance  to  use  for  fumigating; 
I'Otrialin  is  also  used,  and  is  very  effectual,  but  neetls  a  special 
.npjiliance  in  order  to  use  it. 

To  fumigate  with  Sulphur,  fill  an  ordinary  galvanized  iron 
Dail  lialf  full  of  ashes  or  dirt,  making  the  top  of  tlie  material 
saucer-shaped;  place  the  pail  in  a  tub  of  water,  having  the  water 
eoMie  up  as  liigh  on  the  side  of  the  pail  as  possible;  put  the  Sul- 
]>hur  in  the  pail;  when  everything  is  ready,  pour  over  the  Sulphur 
a  little  wood  alcohol,  or  have  under  it  a  few  rags  saturated  with 
k.rosene,  the  alcohol  is  better  and  safer;  light  the  alcohol  and 
Aive  the  stable,  closing  the  <ioor.  ikirn  three  pounds  of  Sul- 
plmr  to  each  thousand  cubic  feet  of  spa^^e;  if  more  tlian  tliree 
pounds  are  required,  burn  in  separate  dislies.    Leave  the  building 


65 


THK  I'RACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


d(>se(?  for  twenty-four  honrs,  then  open,  and  air  out  freely. 
The  funuKatiuii  u  ill  t>e  more  efleclual  if  the  walls  are  first  well 
sprinkled  willi  water. 

FOMENTATIONS.— These  are  upphcalioiisof  hot  or  cold 
wat>.r  to  a  part  Tht-  apphcatioii  is  ^euLrally  made  for  from  one- 
half  U>  (ine  hour  at  a  lim(?,  lliuugh  often  for  a  longer  i)eriotl.  The 
water  may  be  applied  as  hot  as  can  Ihj  comfortably  borne,  and  the 
temiK-ratnn-  can  l>c  kept  up  by  adding  hot  water  fre(iuently.  The 
application  may  Ik.-  made  with  siionges,  cloths,  or  even  with  the 
hatKl^  while  at  the  same  time  the  part  is  gently  rublied.  The 
best  i.-  to  surround  the  part  thickly  with  woolen  cloths  and  keep 
these  wet  Fomentations  shoidd  Ix:  applied  two  to  three  times 
dail  They  are  much  used  to  lessen  inflammation,  pain,  and 
sw'  iing  of  ret  cut  injuries,  i>r  for  any  batlly  irritated  part.  They 
ar  isei!  vitii  K"<'d  results  in  inflammatictn  of  the  udder  and 
.s.  Cold  water  is  also  excellent  to  relieve  inflamma- 
i.iily  when  the  ixirt  is  badly  congested.  It  can  be 
.d-.  cold,  wet  cloths,  or  by  allowing  cold  water  to  drip 
■  .rrig,  tion.  In  stnne  easc>,  .ipj -lying  the  cold  water 
ltral)le  force,  as  a  stream  from  a  hfse  noz/le,  and  then 
■.^kly.  has  an  excelknt  effect  in  toning  up  debilitated 
-eliev-Tig  congestion.  Cold  is  also  applied  to  an 
t  b\      -iiig  a  bag  of  cracked  ice. 

ix)int  ill  connection   witli  the  use  of  fomen- 

vater  should  be  either  hot  or  cold,  lukewarm 

u>  value;    and  in  order  to  get  the  most  good 

lonld  be  continued  for  some  time,  in  many 


at  ^ 


oli  r  gi 
liui  e- 
apf!  led 
upi 

wil 

rul    11  It 
IVXT  -.    a 
inl'    UK 
Tl 
t.itions 
'ucai 
!;..m    tl 
cases  ab  los-i    onlinnously. 

NURSING  AND  FEEDING  SICK  ANIMALS.— As  in 

the  case  of  human  l)eiiigs,  the  profjer  nursing  and  foixl  has  much 
to  do  in  the  recovery  of  animals  from  spells  of  sickness.  In  the 
first  place,  make  your  animal  as  comfortable  as  jiossible,  warm  in 
the  winter  and  c(K)1  in  the  summer.  Give  him  plenty  t)f  fresh  ah 
to  breathe,  but  avoid  drafts  iu  all  ca.ses.  Woolen  blankets  in 
the  winter,  and  linen  sheets  and  nets  are  needed  in  summer. 
Hoods  to  cover  the  head  and  neck  are  sometimes  required  in  cold 


DISK  ASKS  OF  THK  HORSE 


69 


weather.  The  proper  temperature  for  the  stable  tliat  is  used  for 
sick  animals  is  from  55  to  fx)  F.  In  case  of  weak  lambs  or  sick 
dn^'s  a  room  ranginj;  from  62  to  70  F.  is  K'tter. 

The  (juestion  of  drainage  is  also  imiwtant,  and  the  location 
shonltl  l)e  as  high  as  oiraimstniices  will  j^ermit. 

The  food  should  he  siniiile,  clean,  milritious,  easy  of  diges- 
tion, hy  iKing  cooked,  chaiiKad  occasionally  and  administered 
often  and  in  small  quantities.  C.ive  green  food  when  it  can  be 
had.  Oats,  corn,  bran,  shorts,  etc.,  may  Ik-  scalded  with  boiling 
water,  covered  and  left  to  steam  until  cold,  and  then  given.  The 
grain  sliould  be  ground  in  all  cases  if  possible.  Hay  and  water 
should  always  be  given  in  liberal  quantities,  and  lH)th  should  be 
of  first  quality.  Warm  milk  for  calves,  and  the  same  diluted 
and  sweetened  for  lambs  and  colts;  beef  tea,  raw  eggs,  porridge 
af  either  oat  or  corn  meal  and  milk  for  dogs,  and  the  same  for 
(li^s  will  be  found  the  Ijest  diet.  Bear  in  mind  what  has  been 
-ai.l  al)<)Ut  feeding  often  and  in  small  measure,  but  l)e  careful  not 
k)  over-feed,  as  that  may  put  the  patient  back  and  increase  fever. 
HorMjs,  cattle,  etc.,  need  to  l)e  fed  three  or  four  tinn-  a  day; 
colts,  calves,  lambs,  dogs,  etc.,  every  two  to  four  hours.  Fever 
patients  should  have  water  so  they  can  help  them.sclves.  Those 
sulTering  from  diarrhea  or  excessi\e  purgation  should  l)e  watered 
four  or  five  times  a  day,  but  in  less  measure.  Plenty  of  rest 
should  be  given  sick  animals.  Many  cases  prove  fatal  from  l)eing 
worked  too  long  after  being  taken  sick,  or  from  l)eing  put  to 
Hork  too  s(X)n  after  recovering  from  a  spell  of  sickness. 

FORMS  OF  MEDICINE  AND  WAYS  OF  GIVING 

THEM.— Medicines   may    be  given    by   any  of    the   fuilowiag 
'  hamiel^:    By  the  mouth;    by  the  air  passages  and  lungs:    by  the 
kin;    under  the  skin;    and  by  the  rectum. 

By  Mouth.  —  Medicines  are  giveu  in  powders,  balls, 
(Irmclies,  and  electuaries  or  pastes. 

Powders.-^These  should  Ix;  finely  pulverized  in  order  to  l)e 
r^ridly  dissolved  and  absorl)ed.  They  should  lie  free  from  any 
irriMut  or  caustic  action  (m  tlie  mouth.  If  agreeable  to  taste 
and  smell   they  are    readily    taken   in    fee<l    or  drinking   water. 


Arifc#>  J-  u^!SMt^xx^i^-^^M^m^n '-.. 


••*t.-ieL 


m..^. 


-n 


70 


TIIIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


When  placed  in  the  feed,  tlie  fowl  slioiild  In:  first  moistened  and 
then  the  medicine  mixed  in  the  feed.  When  mixed  dry  the  liorse 
will  often  leave  tl-.e  inediiine  in  the  man-er  lK>tt()m.  If  very 
small  they  can  l>c  placed  well  Lack  on  the  toii^'Ue.  It  is  always 
best,  when  iHJSsihle,  to  K've  in  ftH-xl  or  drink  to  avoid  worrying  the 
animal. 

Balls.— Make  into  the  shajK'  t)f  a  cylinder,  alxint  two  inches 
lonK  and  thne  (piarter  inches  in  diameter.  They  shonld  l)e  fresh 
andmi.\ed  with  honey,  syrnj),  molasses,  or  some  snch  a^eiit,  nsiiig 
linseed  meal,  if  necessary,  to  k'ive  consistency  and  lM)dy.  If  neces- 
sary to  keep  some  time,  nse  Kb'^^'^ri"'-'  ^<>  tl'^^V  ^^'"  ""^  harden,  or 
they  will  lose  their  virtne.  Wrap  in  oiled  tissue  paper  for  ease  in 
swallowing'.  Gelatine  capsules  are  sometimes  used.  Balls  are 
l)est  when  medicine  is  disa^reeahle;  when  dose  is  not  too  larj;e; 
when  horse  is  n^ly  to  drench;  and  when  medicine  is  intended  to 
att   slowly.     Oils  (.>r   caustic   substances   should   not   be   given 

this  way. 

Balls  may  be  K'ven  by  "balling  gun"  or  given  by  hand 
Always  loo.sen  hor>e  before  giving;  if  tied  he  may  hurt  himsel' 
or  the  |)erson  in  attendance.  It  is  easier,  after  a  little  practice,  to 
give  without  using  t;ag,  as  the  horse  does  not  like  force  in  getting 
his  mouth  oiKiied.  Grasp  the  tongue  firmly  with  the  left  hand 
an<l  pull  gently  forward;  moisten  the  1)all  slightly,  and  place  with 
the  tips  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  as  far  back  in  the  mcmth 
as  is  possible;  as  tongue  is  hxjsened,  it  is  drawn  back  into  the 
mouth  and  carries  the  ball  with  it.  Keep  the  mouth  closed  for  a 
moment  or  two.  Always  offer  water  to  drink  after  balling;  it 
may  prevent  coughing  up,  or  lodging  in  the  gullet 

Drenches.- -When  medicine  is  given  as  a  drench,  oidy 
enough  oil  or  water  should  be  used  to  thoroughly  dissolve  oi- 
dilute  !t.  Insoluble  medicines,  if  not  irritating  or  corrosive,  may 
be  put  in  water,  or  better,  thin  gruel;  the  Untie  to  be  well  shaken 
before  giving  it.  Strong  or  irritating  litiuids  such  as  turix-ntine, 
croton  oil,  etc.,  should  be  mixed  with  olive  or  linseed  oil,  ot 
milk  lK:it( n  with  eggs. 

To  administer,  put  the  medicine  in  a  drenching  Ixittle  or 
horn.     A  champagne  or  ale  bottle  holding  about  a  (juart,  strong, 


DISK AvSES  OF  THE  HORSE 


71 


(Kail  and  smooth  will  answer.  A  horn  or  tin  bottle  is  better  on 
at.  (jiiiit  of  not  hroakinK.  If  tl"se  is  small,  the  horse's  head  may 
I.C  In  1(1  tip  Iiy  tile  lift  while  the  medicine  is  ixjuretl  by  the  right 
hand  Tile  left  thumb  is  placed  in  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw; 
till.-  finders  spread  out  in  such  a  way  as  to  support  the  lower  lip. 
If  dosf  is  hiTiiv,  the  horse  ugly,  or  the  attendant  iniable  to  sup- 
lK)it  tli(j  iKad  as  dinctol  alx)ve,  then  have  the  head  held  up  by 
a  l(.(.p  made  in  a  ti>\h:,  and  slipi)ed  over  the  upper  jaw  just  behind 
llu  front  tilth,  the  free  end  being  held  up  by  passing  through  a 
piilli  V,  or  over  a  hiaiii,  or  through  a  ring  fastened  to  the  ceiling. 
It  should  never  be  fastened,  as  the  horse  might  hurt  himself. 
I'll \ ate  head  enough  to  prevent  horse  from  throwing  liquid  from 
his  luoiilh.  The  line  of  face  should  be  raised  a  trifle  more  than 
hori/ontal,  but  not  much,  or  it  will  be  hard  for  horse  to  swallow. 
I'erson  giving  drench  should  stand  on  something  in  order  to 
reach  horse's  mouth  on  a  level,  or  a  little  alx)ve.  Introduce  bottle 
at  tlie  side  of  the  mouth  in  front  of  the  molar  teeth,  in  an  upward 
direction.  This  will  cause  horse  to  open  his  mouth,  when  base 
of  bottle  is  suddenly  elevated  and  about  4  ounces  of  liquid  allowed 
to  run  out  on  the  tongue  as  far  back  as  }H)ssible,  care  beitig  taken 
to  keep  bottle  from  between  back  teeth.  Take  out  bottle,  and  if 
horse  does  not  swallow,  eiuourage  same  by  rubbing  the  roof  of 
month  with  fingers  or  neck  of  bottle,  occasionally  removing 
them.  ReiK'at,  when  this  is  swallowed,  and  continue  until  all  is 
taken.  If  coughing  occurs,  or  if  by  mishap  the  Ixjttle  is  broken, 
lower  the  head  at  once.  Don't  rub,  piuch,  or  pound  the  throat, 
;'r  draw  out  tongue.  He  patient  Drenches  must  never  be  given 
ilirouKdi  the  nose  to  a  horse.  If  horse  is  hard  to  drench,  put  a 
(wist  on  ii])jKr  lip. 

Electuaries,  or  Pastes,  are  medicines  mostly  mixed  with 
licorice  root  ixnv<ler,  flour  and  molasses,  or  syrup,  to  the  con- 
.Mstency  of  honey,  or  a  "soft-si:)lid."  They  are  intended  chiefly 
to  ad  locally  on  the  mouth  and  throat.  They  are  to  be  given 
vvitli  a  \v(K)dcn  paddle,  or  a  strong,  long  handled  spoon. 

By  the  Nose.  —These  are  administered  by  the  upper  air  pas- 
sages and  lungs,  i)y  inh.ilation,  and  the  nasal  douche.  Inhalation 
is  iiiied  for  volatile  medicines,  and  for  medicated  steam  or  vapor. 


7» 


THE  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Mcdicatc<l  va|)ors  are  to  I«  iiihalt«l  by  placiiiR  a  bucket  contain 
ing  hot  water,  or  \  iiK^ar  ami  wat^r,  or  scalded  hay  or  bran,  to 
which  Carlx)lic  Acid.  Iodine,  or  other  medicines  have  lieen  ad<led, 
in  the  Iwtloui  of  a  >,'rain  lag;  the  horse's  nose  is  then  inserted  in 
the  top  of  tlic  ha;^,  and  he  inhales  the  medicated  steam  or  v«ix)r; 
or  better  \cl.  convey  the  Steam  from  a  kettle  through  a  rubl)er 
tiiU-  to  the  liottoni  of  the  bag.  Tv  o  large  holes  should  be  cut 
in  flic  bas  opi)osite  the  nostrils.  Care  must  In?  taken  that  it  is 
nut  too  !:ot.  Or  inhalation  may  be  effected  by  putting  the  heatl 
over  the  bucket,  throwinR  some  light  covering  over  the  head,  but 
not  entirely  shutting  off  air  supi)ly. 

The  "nasal  douche"  is  used  in  some  local  diseases  of  the  nasal 
chambers.  Take  a  piece  of  otie-half  inch  hose,  alxmt  one  inch 
from  one  end  wrap  a  piece  of  cloth  around  it  a  numloer  of  times 
to  form  a  collar  a  little  lar^ar  than  the  nostril.  Put  a  funnel  in 
the  other  ml  of  the  luwe;  place  the  end  with  the  collar  in  the 
nostril,  pressing,'  the  collar  up  against  the  nostril,  elevate  the  fun- 
nel and  pour  tlie  douche  into  it;  it  will  fill  t'  u  nostril,  run  over 
the  upper  end  of  the  partition  and  coim-  out  of  the  other  nostril. 
Keep  the  head  low  when  jriving  n  douche. 

By  the  Skin. —Medicines  are  olten  applied  to  the  skin,  yet 
care  nuist  be  ol)servcd  when  applying  over  the  entire  skin  such 
remedies  as  Tobacco  water,  Carljolic  Acid,  acid  solutions,  etc.,  as 
poisotiing  and  death  have  sometimes  resulted.  Poisonous  medi- 
cines should  not  be  applied  over  very  large,  raw  o»  abraded  sur- 
faces. 

Under  the  Skin.— Hypodermic  Method.— Metlicines  are 

frequently  given  by  the  hyixxlermic  syringe,  under  the  skin. 
Medicines  so  used  must  be  non-irritating  and  in  small  doses. 
Pinch  up  a  fold  of  the  skin,  thrust  the  needle  through  it  and 
empty  the  syringe.  The  neck  or  shoulder  is  the  lw*t  to  inject  as 
the  skin  is  loose  in  tiiese  regions. 

By  the  Rectum.  -  When  medicines  cannot  be  given  or 
retaitiet!  by  mouth,  they  may  be  given  by  way  of  the  rectum. 
When  we  want  a  local  action  in  the  last  I'll,  to  destroy  the  small 
worms  infesting  the  hirge  Uwels,  to  stimulate  the  action  of  the 


•    t 


\iL 


DISRASE9  OP  THK  HORSE 


73 


intestines  and  evacuate  the  bowels,  nnd  to  nourish  the  body,  we 
resort  to  enemas  or  injections,  or  to  suppositories. 

Injections,  when  given  merely  for  af)sorption,  should  be 
small  in  quantity,  neutral  or  slightly  acid  in  reaction,  and  at  a 
temperature  of  the  blood.  These,  like  foods  by  rectutn.  should 
only  Ik;  injected  after  the  last  bowel  has  been  cleared,  either  by 
hand  or  hy  copious  enemas  of  tepid  water.  When  given  to 
assi'^t  .1  physic  given  by  mouth,  it  should  Ix  large  enough  to  dis- 
tend tlif  l)<)wel  and  cause  horse  to  eject  them.  Simple  water,  salt 
and  water,  or  soap  and  water,  in  (juantities  of  a  gallon  or  more, 
f^lioiikl  l)e  given  every  half  hour.  They  .should  be  retained  for  a 
time  to  moisttii  the  dung  ami  favor  pas.sagc.  Stimulating  injec- 
tions (Turpentine,  i  to  2  ounces,  in  Linseed  Oil,  16  ounces) 
should  l)e  used  after  those  already  mentioned  have  emptied  the 
last  l)owi.!,  to  still  further  increa.se  the  worm-like  movement  of 
the  intestines,  and  rid  the  purging  medicine. 

To  j.Mve  an  injection  take  f<mr  to  si.K  feet  of  one-half  inch 
j^anlcii  liosc;  in  one  end  place  a  fumicl,  oil  tlic  otiicr  end  and 
insert  it  into  the  rectum,  gently  press  it  in  as  far  as  it  will  go 
easily,  elevate  the  funnel  and  j>our  the  injection  into  it.  After 
-ome  of  the  injection  has  passed  into  the  rectum  the  hose  can 
generally  lie  pushed  in  still  further.  After  the  injection  has 
all  passed  in  gently  withdraw  tiie  hose.  This  is  a  much  better 
way  of  giving  an  injection  than  with  a  pump. 


HOW  OFTEN  TO  GIVE  MEDICINES.— Medicines 

Kiven  to  reduce  fever,  such  as  Aconite,  Spirits  of  Niter,  solution 
Nitrate  or  Chlorate  of  Potash,  or  any  form  of  iVmmonia,  shoulil 
be  repeated  as  often  as  every  two  hours  in  bad  cases,  and  from 
that  to  three  to  four  times  a  day  in  mild  cases.  Alteratives  may 
be  rei)eated  once  or  twice  a  day.  Purgatives  may  be  repeated 
after  twenty  to  thirty  hours  in  bad  cases,  and  after  forf » to  forty- 
vight  hours  in  mild  cases.  Tonics  may  be  repeated  once,  twice  or 
thrice  a  day.  Stimulants,  especially  alcoholic,  may  be  repeated 
after  two  to  six  hours.  Doses  that  cause  contraction  of  the 
womb  may  be  repeated  after  an  half  hour.  Anodynes  may  be 
repeated  after  an  half  hour,  and  other  remedies  as  retiuircd  in  the 
case. 


nifl*  f  ■"? . '-    •  (wiMr,  '#1"^    ..*.;»  • 


4.  .lMi3Wu    '.  J..^ 


I,-.  .1.' 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  ond  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2 


1.0 


I.I 


j|Z8 
131 

m 
m 


I  2.5 
12.2 
2.0 

1.8 


1.25 


1.4     11.6 


^     APPLIED  irvMGE 


74 


TIIR  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


.s 

M 


i 


SOME  POINTS  IN  DETERMINING  THE  NATURE 
OF  A  DISEASE.— If  the  horse  is  .-^tandinj;  with  head  hang- 
ing down,  eating  very  little,  breathing   heavily,  and  coughing, 
there    is   evidently   some   trouble   with    organs  of    respiration. 
Should  the  animal  l)e   in   severe   pain,  getting   up   and   down, 
rolling  about  the  stall,  and  sliglilly  bloated,   it  is  safe  to  con- 
clude that  there  is  some  trouble  with  tlie  stomach  or   l)owels. 
Again,  should   it   be   that    the    horse   has    a    straddling    gait, 
Attempts  to    make   water  often,  passes  out    and   draws   in   the 
penis,  and  sometimes  stamps  with  the  hind  legs,   there  is  evi- 
dently some  trouble  with  the  kidneys  or    bladder.     If  you  do 
not  see  the  horse  when    first    taken,  find   out   if   jiossible   how 
long  he  has  been  ailing;    how  he  has  lx;en  acting;    and  what 
he  has  done  that  might  act  as  a  cause.    This  will  help  you  to 
give  an  idea  as  to  what  set  of  organs  to  examine  first.     In  all 
cases  try  the  pulse,  and  take  the  temperature.     The  oftener  the 
pulse  beats  above  the  normal  and  the  higher  the   temperature 
rises  the  more  serious  the  case  is  likely  to  be.     When  you  have 
found  out  the  organs  affected,  the  symptoms  of  diseases  in  that 
department  will  probably  enable  you  to  determine  the  nature  of 
the  complaint  so  that  you  may  successfully  use   the  treatment 
taerein  given. 

THE  PULSE.— The  pulse  is  very  important  in  diagnosing 
disease  and  especially  in  determining  the  seriousness  of  disease. 
The  pulse  indicates  the  action  of  the  heart.  It  is  generally  taken 
on  the  underside  of  the  lower  jaw  just  in  front  of  tlie  angle;  by 
running  the  fingers  along  this  region,  a  small  cord-like  structure 
will  be  felt,  press  this  gently  and  the  beating  will  be  recognized. 
Aside  from  counting  the  beats  per  minute,  also  notice  the  soft- 
ness or  hardness  of  the  pulse,  that  is,  does  the  artery  feel  fairly 
soft,  or  hard  like  a  wire;  the  regularity  is  also  noticed.  The 
liealthy  pulse  of  the  horse  is  fairly  soft,  full,  regular,  an<l  l)eat3 
from  36  to  40  times  a  minute.  In  order  to  become  proficient  in 
recognizing  an  unhealthy  condition  of  the  pulse,  take  the  pulse 
of  healthy  animals  a  large  number  of  times. 

THE  TEMPERATURE.— The  tcmtxirature   is  another 
very  imiwrtaiit  condition  in  diagnosing  disease.     It  often  has  to 


!   i 


tS    ^ 


DISEASES  OF  TIIK  HORSK 


75 


l,c  nrtcd  to  distinguish  between  different  disorders;  without  taking 
the  tunperature.  we  can   form   but  Httle  idea  as  to  the  location 
or  seriousness  of  the  trouble,      liy  temperature  is  meant  the  tem- 
perature of  tlie  intermd   organs,  regardless  of   the  external  sur- 
roundings, and  durin-  health  will  vary  but  little.     It  is  taken  by 
nnans  nf  a  clinical  tliermometer;  this  thermometer  is  so  arranged 
,hat   the  column  of  mercury  remains  at   the  same  point  when 
dian-cd  1.)  a   colder   place,  and   so  the  reading  does  not  change 
,!K,r taken  from  the  animal.     The  thermometers   are   graduated 
tM  „ne  iiftli  degrees.      In  the  lower  animals  it  is  best  to  take  the 
tenp.  ■  itnre  at  the  rectum.      First,  shake  the  thermometer  until  it 
n  luls  below  i.x.  degrees,  then  insert  it  into  the  rectum  and  press 
it  to  one  side  so  the  bulb  will  lie  against  the  rectal  wall.     Leave 
the  thermometer  in  the  rectum  two  minutes.    The  normal  tempera- 
ture of   the   h.jrse   is    loo  degrees,  and  during  health  wdl  rarely 
varv  moic  »han  i  to  1 1<  degrees.     Violent  exercise  may  cause  it 
t.)  rise  a  little;   it  is  also  higher  after  a  full  meal.     A  rise  of  tem- 
perature is  spoken  of  as  fever.     A  rise  of  5  or   6   degrees  is 
serious,  and  a  rise  of  7  or  8  degrees  will   result  in  death,   unless 
lowered  in  a  short  time.     In  some  diseases  the  temperature  is 
below  normal. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  RESPIRATORY  OR 
BREATHING  ORGANS 


CATARRH,   OR  COLD    IN    THE    HEAD. -Catarrh 

means  a  congestion  or  intlammati<jn  with  a  discharge  from  any 
inncous  membrane.  Thi  form  is  an  innammation  of  the  mucous 
iiKinl)rane  of  the  nasal  cavities,  and  often  extends  into  the  pas- 
sages of  the  head,  involving  the  eyes  as  well,  the  lining  membrane 
u[  which  is  but  a  continuation  of  that  of  the  nose,  the  flow  of 
Kai>  down  the  cheek  being  caused  by  the  closing  of  the  tear  duct 
iiilo  the  nose  by  inflammation. 


76 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i 


If  I     in 


Gitt5<'i.— Kxposure  to  storms,  cold  winds,  standing  in  drafts 
while  warm  after  drivinj,',  inhaling  smoke  or  gases,  etc. 

Si'//i/>A>»is.—\t  first  the  membrane  is  dry,  congested  and 
irrital)le,  tlie  color  being  nnich  deeper  than  normal ;  following 
this  tliere  is  a  watery  discharge  from  the  nose,  and  often  also 
from  the  eyes,  the  tears  flt)wing  down  the  cheeks;  more  or  less 
fever;  animal  may  be  dnll;  more  or  less  sneezing,  but  does  not 
cough  unless  the  throat  is  affected,  expels  the  air  f<jrcibly  through 
his  nostrils  as  though  "blowing  his  nose."  In  a  few  days  the 
discharge  from  the  nose  becomes  a  thick,  jellowish-white,  and  is 
more  or  less  profuse.  Sometimes  the  appetite  is  lost  and  auima\ 
becomes  debilitated. 

Tkic.vtjient.  — 

C.ive  good  care  and  attention  lest  it  run  into  something 
serioi.s.  A  few  days  rest,  with  pure  air  and  good  food,  will 
accomi)li>h  more  than  medication  while  horse  is  excited  and  ex- 
posed to  draughts  and  changes  of  temperature.  Steam  the 
animal's  head  over  a  bucket  of  boiling  water,  stirring  water  with 
a  wisi)  of  hay  to  make  steam  rise  better;  or  a  more  efficient  way 
to  steam  the  head  is  to  take  a  canvas  bag  large  enough  to  slip 
over  the  horse's  nose  and  from  two  to  three  feet  long;  slip  the 
nose  into  this  bag  and  lujld  it  in  place  by  a  strap  over  the  head, 
opposite  the  nostrils  cut  two  holes  an  inch  and  one-half  in  diam- 
eter. For  gener.-iting  steam  use  a  tea-kettle;  into  the  spout  of  the 
tea-kettle  fit  a  cork  through  which  is  passed  a  piece  of  glass  tub- 
ing; to  the  glass  tube  fit  a  piece  of  rubber  tubing  from  three  to 
six  feet  long:  place  the  other  end  of  the  tubing  in  a  small  hole  in 
the  bottom  of  the  nose  bag,  and  the  steam  as  it  is  generated  will 
pass  into  the  bag  through  the  tubing.  Generate  the  steam  by 
placing  the  kettle  on  a  small  gasoline  or  oil  burner.  Regulate 
the  flow  of  steam  by  the  blaze  or  by  lifting  the  cover  of  the 
kettle.  While  pure  steam  is  good,  medicated  steam  is  better. 
To  medicate,  put  into  the  water,  after  it  begins  to  boil,  Camphor 
Gum,  a  piece  as  large  as  a  hickory  nut,  2  teaspoonfuls  Fluid  Ex- 
tract Belladonna,  or  a  half  teaspoonful  of  Carbolic  Acid;  any  one 
or  all  three  may  be  used.  Use  a  little  care  at  first  not  to  frighten 
the  horse;  also  be  careful  and  not  burn  the  nose.     Repeat  three 


if 


DiSTv ASKS ^F  THE  HORSE _77 

..uesTcby  f..r  one  hour  or  more  each  time.     Give  bran  mashes. 

,L;     Z   linseed  gruel  and  ^rnss,  if  in  .eason.     If  constipated. 

:,  '     n  a^-  of  Jun  water  in.o  the  rectun.  three  orfour  tnnes 

'  day!  -^  a  Vint  oi  Raw  Linseed  Oil  once  a  day.  but  do  not  g.ve 

puriratives. 

If  there  is  fever,  K'ive  the  following: 

Flui.l  Extract  Bc-lluaonim 2  ou"C«. 

Fluid  I-.xtract  Aconite =  dmchms. 

„  ,       .  2  ounces. 

Siiltpetcr , 

Alcohol . 

Water  to  make '  P'°  • 

/)„,e:     1  ounce  three  to  five  times  a  day. 
If  the  discharge  continues  after  a  week  or  two,  give  night 
.nd  morning  a  tablespoon,  level  full.  ..f  a  mixture  composed  o 
"uaJ  parts  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  and  Saltpeter.     Give  tn  mo.stet.ed 

^'''"if  the  animal  is  unthrifty,  give  at   noon  the  tonic  recom- 
mended for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

NASAL  GLEET.  OR  CHRONIC  CATARRH.-Thi. 
,s  chronic  inflammation  of  some  part  of  the  membrane  affected  m 

CDUunon  cold.  . 

Causes  -Neglected  or  obstinate  catarrh,  that  will  not  yield 
to  treatment,  arc  the  usual  causes,  though  it  may  arise  from  frac- 
tures   and  from  diseased  bones  or  teeth. 

^,v./Av;».-The  long  continued  discharge,  which  varies  in 
,„.mhy'according  to  circumstances  atten  ant     the  cause  o     1 
t-ouble  and  part  affected -indicates  the  disease.       1  lo  ^-     -- 
son.eti.ues   been  con.leu.ncd   as   slandered,  who  ha^e  had      a  a^ 
.leet  only.     It  is  not  contagious,  nor  dangerous,  but  sometimes 
difficult  to  cure.     The  glands  under  and  l>etwcen  the  lower  jaw 
nay  be  enlarged.     The  ragged-edged  ulcers  of   glanders  are  not 
;:id  on  the  lining  membrane  in  the  nostril.     When  in  doub  . 
study  symptoms  of  glanders.     The  eye  on  affected  side  may  have 
a  iIuHar  look,  and  be  smaller  than  the  other;  there  may  b^ 
.niargement  or  bulging  of  the  face  bones  over  the  part  affected, 
baween  or    below  the  eyes;  breath   may   be  f --;-;    "'^J^J^^ 
i,..,  ,,e..v   nf  bone  or  diseased  teeth.      It    last,  wdl  hold  head 


i  •     ■ 


-S  TIIK  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 

to  OIK'  side  when  eatitiK,  or  .In.p  fnod  when  partly  clicwcd 
By  tapping  on  hones  between  or  IkIow  the  eyes,  al)<)ve  back 
tec-lh  of  tipper  jaw,  a  hollow  sonn.l  is  eniilte.l  if  healthy,  hut  if 
sinus  is  lilka  with  pus,  or  contair.s  a  lart;e  tumor,  it  will  give  a 
solid  sound.  Hair  may  be  rotiidi  over  part  affeeted,  or  bone  soft 
to  touch.     The  horse  may  be  imthrifty. 

Tkk.vt.mknt.—  ,  r      .       . 

First  if  possible,  fitul  cause  of  trouble.  Cue  rockI  food  and 
re-ular  exercise.  I'ood  box  had  best  be  put  on  the  ground,  as 
tlds  favors  discharge  from  the  head.  Cases  that  do  not  re.pnre 
surgical  treatment  nuist  have  per>islent  medical.  Give  the  Iron 
and  Saltpeter  mi  Mure,  and  the  diK^slive  tonic  as  reconnncnded 
in  "Cold  in  the  Head,"  except  that  they  be  given  alternately. 
If  animal  will  not  eat  on  foo.l,  give  as  a  drench  in  a  pnit  of  water. 
Also  give  twice  a  day  for  two  days  two  ounces  of  asolution  of: 

Io,li,k- of  I'ol.i^h 1  "i"'ce. 

Water '  V'"l- 

Discontinue  for  four  days  and  give  again,  repeating  in  this 
manner  every  two  weeks.  Steam  the  head  as  in  simple  catarrh, 
ste.uning  at  evening  if  the  animal  works.  Keep  the  nostrils 
washed  for  apiK-arance  sake;   a  douche  comi-KJsed  of: 

Horacic  Aoi.l »  """ce. 

Water ■  '1"="^- 

May  be  of  great  value;  for  giving  a  douche  see  under  "Medi- 
cines ■•  fore  part  of  book.  If  nasal  gleet  is  caused  by  a  diseased 
..„,th'  it  iuu>l  be  remnved.  The  <,pcratiun  of  trephnnng,  m 
cKpert  hands,  is  the  best  in  such  a  case,  a>,  it  ..[.e-ns  up  the  cavity, 
which  can  be  attended  direct.  In  all  cases  where  the  sinuses 
contain  either  collections  of  pus  or  tumors,  the  only  relief  is  to 
trephine.  liither  of  these  oix;rations  will  re<iuire  the  services  of 
a  veterinarian. 

WOUNDS  ABOUT  THE  NOSTRIL.  -  Wounds  in 
this  neighborhood  are  common,  and  are  generally  caused  by 
getting  "snagged"  on  a  nail  or  splinter,  or  by  the  bite  of  another 
horse-  or  by  getting  run  into;  or  by  running  against  somclhing. 
Occasionally  the  nostril  is  so  badly  torn  and  lacerated  that  it  is 
i.nnoccil.le  to  effect  a  cure  without  leaving  the  animal  blemished 


DISI-.ASKS  OF  THK  3IORSE 


79 


f  r  l.fo   hut  in  the  majority  of  cases,  the  blemish  or  scar  is  due  to 
;,„    ,,„,  ..f    proper   treatment   on   the   part  of    the  owner  or 

altdulallt. 

'pKKATMr.NT.— 

As  SO..U  as  p<.ssihlc  after  the  accident  the  parts  should  be 
,,r„u:.ht  t.,,elher  and  held  there  by  stitches.     If  tcK,  much  tune 
.ai:.w..l,  the  swelling  ot  the  parts  will  cons.dera hly  interfere. 
Tlu-  skin  in  this  part  is  thin  and  delicate,  and  therefore  tt  is 
•  to  insert  MUures.     Never  cut  away  any  sk.n  that  may  be 
,  ,1  or  hanging,  or  a  scar  will  certai.dy  remam.     Br.ng  the 
:,:;  in  direct  ajUtion  and  place  the  stitches  from  a  c^uar  er  to 
u,  half   inch    apart,  as  circumstance   may  deniatid.     It  is  not 
,".,,ssary  to  have  special  surgeons'  silk  or  needles  for  this  opera- 
Uon-    good  linen  thread  or  ordinary  silk  thread  wdl  a.iswer.  but 
;.. 'rk  nmst  be  ,ncely  done.     The  wound  afterward  reqmres 
!lu-  to  he  kept  clean.     Kor  this  purpose  it  shotdd  be  cleansed 
and  discharges  washed  away  daily  with  a  solution  made  of: 

Carbolic  Acid '  P^^*" 

Water 3°  parts. 

A/ix. 

If  the  horse  is  incline.l  to  rub  the  wound  against  some  object 

on  account  of  the  irritability,  his  head  should  be  tied  by  means 

of  two  halter  ropes,  to  prevent  him  rubbing  the  wound  open^ 

The  head  should  be  so  tied  about  ten  days,  except  when  at  work 

or  eating.  . 

If  swelling  becomes  extensive,  foment  and  use  astrmgent 

w.ish,  as  White  I.otion   (p.ige  263). 

NASAL  POLYPUS,  OR  SMALL  TUMOR  OF  THE 

NOSTRIL  -These  are  pear-shaped  excrescences,  growuig  ni 
the  nasal  passages,  and  are  an  obstruction  to  the  breathing  on 
the  side  where  located.  They  vary  much  in  size;  some  so  small 
^ha.  their  presence  is  not  manifested,  while  in  other  cases,  the 
M/e  nmv  cause  serious  obstruction  to  the  passage  of  air.  in  some 
cases  they  hang  toward  the  nasal  oi>ening,  and  sometimes  toward 
;he  pharynx. 


n 


_( 


!    t 


i 

1       \ 

'1 

8o 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


^^'w/'A-'Wi'  — Tlicre  Is  a  discharKe  from  the  nostril,  and  a 
more  or  less  snuflliiiK  sound  in  hrcatliiiiK. '>r  difl'icult  hreatliing, 
accord  ins  to  si/c;  a  dischar^'c  of  Moixl,  it  injured,  and  snt-ezing. 

Tki:atmknt.— 

Tlic  only  relief  is  the  removal  ol  the  jM^ypus,  hy  grasping  it 
at  thehase  with  suitahle  forceps,  and  twistiiiK'  it  round  and  round 
until  torn  from  its  attachment,  or  by  removing,'  it  with  the 
ecraseur.  The  resulting'  hemorrhaKe  is  checked  by  an  astringent 
lotion,  as  a  solution  of  Tincture  of  Iron,  or  Alum,  i  to  2  ounces 
to  a  pint  of  water.  The  operation  should  generally  In;  done  by 
an  expert. 

SORE  THROAT;  LARYNGITIS.-  The  larynx  is  situ- 
ated in  the  space  between  the  lower  jaw  bones,  just  back  of  the 
root  of  the  longue,  and  is  retained  in  this  position  by  the  wind- 
pijK-,  nniscles,  and  bones  to  which  it  is  attached.  The  opening 
leading  into  it  from  the  pharyn.K  is  elliptical,  its  border  is  quite 
thick,  and  is  covered  with  thick,  mucous  membrane.  The  lining 
mend)rane  so  sensitive  that  a  particle  of  food  dropped  into  it 
from  the  pii.irynx,  causes  violent  coughing. 

Causes. — Are  the  same  as  for  catarrh. 

Sj  rtip/i»>is. —I'irst  .symptom  usually  is  a  cou^li,  followed  by 
difficulty  in  swallowing;  so  much  so,  that  in  many  cases  the 
water  drank  will  be  returned  through  the  no.se;  mouth  is  hot, 
and  saliva  dril>bles  from  it;  glands  of  lower  jaw  may  l>e  swollen; 
pressmc  on  larnyx  causes  a  characteristic  cough;  head  is  "ixiked 
out;"  membrane  of  the  nose  becomes  red,  and  a  discharge  from 
nostrils  soon  appears.  As  disease  advances  a  rasping  snore  is 
heard,  breathing  is  hurried,  and  sometimes  animal  seems  in 
danger  of  sufTocaliou.  The  pain  of  swallowing  is  so  great  that  the 
animal  refuses  feed  to  a  great  extent.  Temperature  rises  two  to 
six  degrees.     Pulse  is  accelerated— sixty  to  ninety  per  minute. 

Trkatment. — 

In  all  cases  steam  the  nostrils  as  advised  in  Cold  in  the  Head 
using  medicated  steam.  In  bad  cases,  steam  continuously  until 
relieved.  Put  animal  in  a  dry,  warm,  but  well-ventilated  stall, 
Oandage  legs,  and  blanket  body,    Feed  bran  mashes,  scalded  oats, 


11 


DISEASES  OFjrHE_HORSE______ ^ 

,  .„el  UKl  .f  i.i  season,  freshly  cut  grass.  Have  temporary 
""T;  '  'a  «u  I  e  Kht  he  carries  his  head,  so  h.  can  eat  wUh- 
,,.a  .K.X  •»  ^-"2u's.  Keep  fresh  water  where  he  can  get 
""'  ,rr"m  a-tipated.  give  h,m   injections  of   warm 

"  .t      recti  m  three  l.r   f.mr  times  in  twenty-fonr  honrs. 

;:;:;;;!  ;!;  ..^^'^roat.  from  ear  to  ear,  ahnin.entcom^sedof: 

...      _,  1  ounces. 

.Snip  Kimmt-nt » 

A(|ii;i  AimiKMiia ^       ,, 

Turpentine 

Well  shaken  together.     Isc  once  or  twice  a 

nannel'ctths  wrnng  front  hot  water  and   bound   on   the 
throat  're  also  of  great  value.     Cha.tge  every  fifteen  mututes  so 
l:  to  kS  continuously  hot.     Give  the  following  electuary: 
Fluid  1'xtn.ctof  liella.loniia 'Ji  '>"»ces- 

Camphor ■J 

Chloride  of  Ammonia J 

times  a  I  lay. 

Also  throw  into  the  back  part  of  the  mouth   with  a  syringe. 

fromTee  to  six  times  a  day.  one  ounce  of  the  follow.ng: 

,  „  »    u  I  'i  ounces. 

Chlorate  of  Potash '»      „  ^ 

Tincture  of  Iron •■■•  ^    .   ^ 

Water  to  make r 

Never  attempt  to  drench  a  horse  having  a  sore  throat 
^,:ttrg;nt  ca^'es.  where  suffocatiot.  seems  -ev^^^  ^  ^^^^^^^^^^ 
,„omy  (see  0..kk.vt.<.ns)  must  bo  perfonncd.     During  the  time 
t„,.  is  used,  other  treaUnent  slu.uld  be  contnut.^  ^^ 

If  absces,ses   fortn.  use  hot,  soft  Lniscea  ivjcii  ^^ 
UK.  h  t  tmel  cloths,  for  hours,  to  encottrage  formaUon  of  pu^^ 
after  they  break,  treat  .s  any  abscess  (see  O'^kkai  o^s).     H  the 
.lands  remain  swollen  after  attack  rtib  over  e^cry  day   with 

ointment  composed  of  the  following: 

....     2  drachms. 

Io<line .,/     I' 

Iodide  of  Potash ,0  trains 

Biiiiodide  of  Mercury ••••••;•"     °  Se 

^Well  mbcedr  Rub  in  well  with  a  rub-clotli. 
« 


R2 


Tin;  PR  \CTICAK  STOCK   DOCTOR 


r    ' 


If  till  iiarl  ^,'cts  sore,  withliold  for  a  few  days  and  tlitn  apply 
nj;ain.  Should  chronic  couKh  rciuain,  treat  as  di-sc-ribtil  under 
that  heading. 

CHRONIC  COUGH.     This  may  snccud  \hv  acute  iliseases 
of  the  respiratory  organs,  or  acconipanv  otlur  discitsi's.     It  some 
times  exists  as  an  independent  aflectioii,  tlie  animal  heinp  other 
wise  in  i;i>o<l  condition. 

Wliin  lausi.  is  known,  treat  as  given  in  tlie  disease.  If  it 
exists  witliout  any  .ijiparent  connection,  give  every  night,  in  a 
bran  mash,  one  of  powders  as  gi\en: 

Sulph.ite  of  Copiier i  ounce. 

Dinit:ili'< « 

Pulvcn/cd  Squills i       " 

Niter I 

Camphnr i       " 

Afix  atl'l  iii.ike  ilitii  lo  ]n.\V(ltrs 

Or:  2.    Cum  C.miplior l^ounces. 

DiKi'.ili^ I  ounce. 

I.inst-eil  Me.il 3  ounces. 

I'Dwdcr  and  mix,  and  maki.-  into  12  ])0\vilers, 
and  j;ivf  onr  nit^ht  and  morning  in  soil  food. 

Or:  3.    Camphor i  dnirhm. 

DiKit'ilis >i 

Caloniil  I 

Opium I         " 

Afir  itno  a  l)an  with  syrup  and  ^ive  as  one 
dose;  give  every  day  for  a  week,  then  .skip  • 
week  and  repeat. 

f)r:  4.    I'hiid  I'ixtracl  lielladonna 2  ounces. 

Chloride  of  .\mmf>ni:i 3       " 

Sall])eUr 3 

Water  lo  make I  tjuart. 

Doit :     2  ounces  thne  times  a  day. 

Or     5.     Iodide  of  Potash  I  ounce. 

Water I  pint. 

/>iiM\-  I  ounce  morning  and  night.  Give 
for  a  week.  ■li'-'iintiniR- a  week  .and  give  again. 

Siiinulating  lininicnls  or  mild  blisters  may  he  used  in  connec- 
tion with  any  of  the  above  as  applications  to  the  throat. 


DISI-ASKS  OF  THK  HORSR *i 

ROAR'NG  AND  WHISTLING   -Tin-  tirn.s  "nKiring" 

,      uhistliuv:"  arc  ..a.ucs  for  variations  ..f  tlu-  .am.  trouble. 

wL,lu..  ...ay  ucco.npany  a  s<,rc  throat,  passing  u.th  tl.c  disc-as. 

rl'L«      The  itiiinuliatc  canst-  is  an  (.l.struction  to  the  free 

„,    '  .  of  a,r   in  son,e  ,.a,l  ot  .h.  respiratory  tract      This  «>ay 

„e  fro.n  .h.   larynKitis.  thickcnin,  of   ih.  ,n^nhra..c,  nas^ 

'"    ;  ,.,f.,n„.  .1  bones,  paralysis  of  the  win«  of  the  nostr.l,  hi  t 

,  :i.  .,f  ,he  nu^eles  of  the  v.K-al  conl  canse  hy  far  the  most. 

i,:;',;,  ,,.„scKs  of   the  left  in  last  eause  are  almost  n.vanahly  the 

,ar;vniatothehn,«s;  and  only  when  the  .liseasc-   'Y'^'^f, 

,     nnul  i.ro.Uue.l  when  air  is  exiK-Ued,  and  not  nearly  so  lo  ul 

:;hsp  ration.     The  best  way  to  bring  ont  the  charac  ertst.c 

,      .„„s  of  roaring,  is  to  make  horse  pull  a  load  up  a  ull.  of 

i  be  a  sacldle  or  carriage  horse,  gallop,  or  dr.ve  fast  up  a  lulL 

,  .mru.dt  rase-s,  the  a.mnal  becomes  entirely exhattsted  breathes 

iX      d  with  .hfTKndty,  with  nostrils  distended,  and  anmud 

nnl-IJing  a,  if  snfTocation  was  inuninent.     The  roarrng  souttd 

,;,„hKHd  by  inspiration  can  be  heard  some  distance. 

'^''' NVUrco^firmed,  nothing  can  l)e  done.   In  recent  cases  give: 

Io.lMcofroUsh 7  ounces. 

muiil  Kxtract  of  Nux  Vomica 3 

Nitr-^te  of  Potesh ' 

Water  to  maVe '  I""'- 

Dose:    i  ounce  in  feed  ni^lit  and  morniiiK'; 
give  for  a  week,  discontinue  for  a  week,  give 
again. 
Apply  the  followmg  blister  to  the  throat: 

.  ,    ,,,  I  drachm. 

Sp.-inish  Ily „ 

liiniodide  of  Mercury » 

,  2  ounces. 

Lard 

See  "How  to  Apply  a  Blister,"  under  "Ring  Bone.-  In  the 
■  a^c  of  a  valnal.le  ho.-se.  a  .lualified  veterinarian  can  i>cTforn.  an 
oi.vali<.n  on  the  larynx,  which  will  generally  relieve  the  animal 


84 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


(    % 


Pai  tial  relief  can  also  be  produced  by  fastening  a  strap  from 
one  bit  ring  over  the  nose  to  the  other  bit  ring;  fasten  to  the 
under  side  of  this  strap  on  each  side,  a  small  pad,  in  the  form  of 
a  piece  of  leather,  in  such  a  way  that  it  will  press  against  the 
wall  of  the  nose  just  alxjve  the  nostril  Tliis  will  cut  down  the 
size  of  the  nasal  cavity,  and  prevent  as  much  air  from  entering, 
and  thus  relie\e  the  animal  and  also  prevent,  to  n  great  extent, 
the  roaring  sound. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NOSE.— This  often  occurs 
during  the  course  of  other  diseases,  viz:  influenza,  bronchitis, 
purpura  hemorrhagica,  glanders,  etc.  It  also  occurs  independent 
of  other  affections,  and  as  has  been  noted,  is  a  symptom  of  poly- 
pus of  the  nose.  Injuries  to  the  head,  exertion  and  sneezing  will 
also  induce  it.  The  bleeding  is  generally  from  one  nostril  only, 
and  net  serious;  the  Mood  comes  in  drops  (rarely  faster)  and  is 
never  frothy  as  when  from  the  lungs. 

Treatment. — 

Bathe  the  head  and  wa.5h  out  the  nostrils  with  cold  water; 
this  is  generally  sufficient.  If  it  continues,  pour  ice-cold  water 
o\'er  the  face,  between  the  eyes  and  down  over  the  nasal  chambers. 
A  bag  of  broken  ice  is  good.  If  these  means  fail,  give  a  douche 
of  Alum  water: 

Alum I  ounce. 

Water I  pint. 

Or  use  Sulphate  of  Iron  in  place  of  the  Alum.    For  giving  douche, 
see  under  •'Medicines,"  fore  i)art  of  book. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  LUNGS.-This  may  occur 
during  the  course  of  congestion  of  the  lungs,  bronchitis,  pneu- 
monia, influenza,  purpura  hemorrhagica,  or  glanders.  An  acci- 
dent or  exertion  may  cause  it.  Plethora  predisposes  to  it. 
Following  the  rupture  of  a  vessel,  the  blood  may  escape  into  the 
lung  tissue  and  cause  pneumonia,  or  it  may  fill  up  the  bronchial 
tubes  and  suffocate  the  horse. 

Sympimis. — When  from  tlie  lungs,  there  is  coughing;  the 
blood  is  frothy,  and  comes  from  1)otli  nostrils.  The  ear  placed 
to  the  windpipe,  along  its  course,  will  hear  a  gurgline  and  rattling 
sound. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


85 


Treatment. — 

When  in  connection  with  another  disease  it  seldom  requires 
<,ptcial  treatment.  When  caused  by  accident  or  exertion,  the 
flMiraal  should  be  kept  quiet.    If  cough  is  frequent  or  paroxysmal, 

Tincture  of  Opium 2  ounces. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil 8 

This  to  allay  irritability,  which  may  stop  hemorrhage  by 
eliecking  cough.  If  bleeding  is  continuous  and  profuse,  give  I 
c,unce  F.u'd  Extract  of  Ergot;  repeat  in  from  one-half  to  one  hcwr. 

Acetate  of  Lead I  drachm. 

Water '  P"»*- 

May  be  given  as  a  drench.   Or, 

Tincture  Perchloride  of  Iron.... 1  ounce. 

Water '  P*"*- 

May  be  given  instead.  Dashing  small  amounts  of  cold  water 
a-ainst  the  chest  may  benefit.  A  hemorrhage  into  the  lung  may 
occur  \vi<''out  any  outward  bleeding  and  cause  death. 

BRONCHITIS.— Bronchitis  is  an  mflammation  of  the 
bronchial  tubes— the  two  branches  of  the  trachea,  or  windpii^e, 
leading  to  the  lungs.  The  mucous  membrane  alone  may  be 
affected,  or  the  whole  tube  may  be  involved. 

Causes.— The  same  as  produce  catarrh,  sore  throat  etc.;  the 
inhalation  of  irritatnig  gases  and  smoke;  and  by  fluids,  as  medi- 
cmes,  and  solids,  gaining  access  to  the  parts. 

Symptoms.— GcnerMy  ushered  in  by  a  shivering  fit— chill; 
dull;  no  appetite;  breathing  very  much  quickened;  a  painful 
cough,  at  first  dry,  then  moist  and  rattling;  mouth  hot;  pulse 
at  first  full  and  quick,  but  later  smaller  and  more  frequent;  the 
temperature  is  elevated,— 104  to  107  degrees.  If  ear  is  placed 
to  sides  of  chest,  a  hissing  or  wheezing  sound  is  heard  if  smaller 
tubes  are  affected,  and  a  hoarser,  or  tubular  sound,  when  larger 
tubes  are  involved.  A  heavy,  tubular  sound  will  also  be  heard 
by  placing  the  ear  in  front  of  the  chest  at  the  base  of  the  neck^ 
After  a  day  or  two  the  dry  stage  is  succeeded  by  the  moist,  and 


M 


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86 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ff     I- 


i  \ 


i 


the  tar  (Utccls  a  different  souml,  caused  by  the  air  passiii)^ 
throuKli  the  mucus  which  has  collected  in  the  tubes,  as  a  result 
of  the  inflamniatioti.  The  sound  is  nuich  like  that  caused  by 
air  passing  throuj^h  water— a  bubblinj;  sound.  There  is  a  dis- 
charge of  mucus  from  the  nose;  breathing  labored,  shorter, 
quicker,  as  disease  advances;  horse  will  not  lie  down;  bowels 
constipated  and  the  droppings  covered  with  slimy  mucus;  urine 
decreased  and  dark;  more  or  less  thirst,  but  less  and  less  desire  ft)r 
food;  in  some  cases  mouth  full  of  saliva.  If  disease  takes  a  favorable 
turn,  the  symptoms  become  less  marked,  pulse  gets  stronger  and 
less  frequent,  temperature  gets  lower,  cough  less  painful  and 
breathing  easier. 

In  order  to  recognize  the  abnormal  sounds  produced  with 
huig  disorders,  otie  should  place  the  ear  to  tlie  chest  of  healthy 
animals,  to  become  familiar  with   the  healthy  sounds. 

Tkkatmknt.  - 

First,  treat  Uie  chill;  put  warm  blankets  on  the  horse;  rub 
the  legs,  and  give  internally. 

Akdhol 1I2  ounct;.> 

Water H   pi"*- 

Any  other  stimulant  may  be  used  in  case  the  alcohol  is  not 

at  hand.     Also  give  the  following: 

Fluid  ]-;xtract  of  Aconite loto  15  ilrops. 

Fluiil  ICxtractof  r.illailimua I   tcasiioonfiil. 

Repeat  the  stimulant  in  from  one-half  to  one  hour,  and  again 
in  an  hour  and  a  half  to  two  hours.  Repeat  the  Aconite  and 
Belladcmna  in  about  two  hours.  Hot  water  l>ottles  placed  under 
the  blankets  will  help.  Overcome  the  chill  as  quickly  as  possible. 
After  the  chill  subsides,  commence  giving  mixture  recommended 
a  little  further  on. 

Have  good  quarters  and  plenty  of  fresh  air  without  drafts. 
Blanket  when  season  demands;  rub  legs  until  warm,  and  bandage 
from  hoof  to  knee  and  hock.  If  hatid  rubbing  does  not  suffice, 
use  linmient  as  in  "Sore  Throat."  Apply  liniment  well  over  side 
of  chest,  behind  ellxnv  and  shoulder  blade,  covering  space  imme- 
diately behind  elbow  and  shoulder  blade,  and  running  back  eigh- 
teen inches,  and  from  elbow  below,  to  within  fi\  e  or  six  inches  of 


I    i 


DISI- ASIvS  OF  THIv  HuRSK 87 

tl,e  back  bone.  Mustard,  mixed  into  a  paste  with  lukewarm 
water  may  be  used  in  place  of  the  hniment.  Hot  water  bot- 
tles hung  against  the  chest,  under  the  blanket,  are  of  great  value. 
Change  the  water  quite  fre(iuently.  Steat-,  as  in  "Cold  in  the 
Head,"  and  in  serious  cases  repc^at  every  hour. 

After  quenching  the  thirst  by  giving  stnall  amounts  of  water 
frequently,  keep  a  pail  of  fresh  water  before  the  horse  con- 
tinually, adding  2  ounces  Ivpsom  Salts  to  each  pailful.  Feed  a 
lillle  scalded  bran  and  oats,  roots  or  potatoes,  and  grass,  or  if 
„ot  in  season,  a  little  clover  hay.  Offer  only  a  little  at  a  time  and 
TLUiDve  if  animal  does  not  wish  it. 

Internally  for  the  first  two  days  use  the  following: 

Flui:l  Extract  of  Aconite ija  'Irachms. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna i      ounce. 

Ammonia  Chloride 2     ounces. 

Saltpeter ''^ 

Alcohol 5 

Water  to  make >      P'"' 

Do^e:  2  ounces  from  four  to  six  times  a  day. 

After  two  days  use  the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  Digitalis ^      drachms. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna H  ounce. 

Ammonia  Chloride i'^  ounces. 

Saltpeter ^'A 

Alcohol 4 

Water  to  make i      P'"*^- 

Dose:   2  ounces  from  four  to  six  times  a  day 
(24  hours). 
If  the  fever  is  high  and  foregoing  does  not  lower  it,  give  i 
(Irachm  of  Acetanilid  in   1]/^  ounces  of  Alcohol,  twice  or  three 
limes  a  day,  if  the  case  requires;    V2  drachm  doses  of   Quinine 
three  times  a  day  is  also  good. 

If  it  is  hard  for  the  animal  to  elevate  the  head  to  be  drenched, 
throw  the  medicine,  a  small  amount  at  a  time,  into  the  back  part 
of  the  mouth  with  a  hard  rubber  syringe,  or  give  in  the  form  of  a 
paste  as  in  "Sore  Throat." 

Give  the  animal  a  good  brushing  each  day,  throwing  back 
only  one-half  of  the  blanket  at  a  time  for  the  ptirpose. 

As  the  animal  connnences  to  improve  give  a  tonic  in  the 
form  of  a  teaspoonful  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Nux  Vomica  and  a 


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THR  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i 


88  

teaspoonfuls  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Gentian  in  a  little  water  three 
times  a  day;  after  a  few  days  substilut»i  for  this  tonic  the  ones 
recommcr;  '  d  in  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

Ui  the  animal  thoroughly  recover  before  giving  exercise 
and  start  in  very  gradually. 

If  cough  persists  give  Iodide  of  Potash  as  in  treatment  for 

"Chronic  C(Xigh." 

If  during  the  course  of  the  disease  the  heart  becomes  very 
weak  give  2  grains  of  Strychnine  three  times  a  day  in  addition  ^o 
the  other  medicines. 

CHRONIC  BRONCHITIS.- 

Causr^  —May  folknv  acute  bronchitis,  or  be  due  to  same 
causes.  In  most  cases  it  is  attended  with  thickening  of  the  walls 
of  the  tubes. 

Si»//>/"ws.—U-,  course  is  slower  and  is  not  attended  with  as 
nuK-h'  fever  as  iti  acute  form.  Animal's  breathing  becomes 
(juickened  an.l  he  shows  signs  of  exhaustion  if  exerted.  May 
keep  up  fairly  well  in  strength  and  api)earance,  but  may  gradually 
,,ni  dowiu  Cough  may  be  husky,  smothered  or  muffled,  or  be 
hard  and  clear;  whitis'h  discharge  from  nose.  The  ear  at  the 
side  ot  the  chest  hears  rattling  of  air  through  the  mucus;  or  a 
Itibular  sound. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

Generally  the  horse  is  kept  at  work,  as  owner  says  "he  has  a 
deep  cold  "  This  is  wrong,  for  rest  must  be  had  if  a  cure  is  desired. 
Exertion  may  bring  on  an  acute  attack.  Give  same  care  and 
treatment  as  in  acute  form,  giving  the  medicine,  however,  less 
frequently;  'dve  tlie  tonics,  and  treat  the  cough  as  recommended 
for  "Chronic  Cough." 

CONGESTION  OF  THE  LUNGS.— An  abnormal  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  lungs.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs  is 
alwavs  preceded  bv  congestion,  or  to  make  it  plainer,  congestion 
may  be  considered  as  the  first  stage  of  inflammation,  but  m  thi. 
connection  we  will  consider  it  as  an  independent  disorder. 


DISRASKS  or  THK  HORSK 


89 


Games  —When  it  exists  as  an  iiideiK-ndcnt  affection,  it  is 
anerally  caused  by  over  exertion  when  animal  is  not  in  fit  con- 
"i^-on  to  undergo  more  than  moderate  exercise:  over-fat  animals 
„  very  old  hard  worked  animals.     More  apt  to  occur   in   hot 

vv.jiithfr. 

Symptoms. -Yiox-^  suddenly  stop>  all  out  of  breath;  nostrils 
di.tcnded  ;  flanks  heaving  ;  countenance  has  an  anxious  look; 
head  down,  ears  forward,  legs  braced,  elbows  turned  out ;  he 
locks  around  as  if  in  search  of  more  air;  may  paw  the  ground  in 
..(lort  to  breathe,  and  acts  as  though  suffocation  were  near.  Fulse 
^oo  or  more;  heart  beating  tumultuously  at  times,  and  then  again 
,„,y  be  scarcely  perceptible.  If  ear  is  placed  again:.t  side  of 
chest  a  loud  murmur  is  heard,  and  perhaps  a  crackling  sound. 
There  mav  be  a  frothy  discharge  from  the  nostrils,  sometimes 
tinged  with  blood;  if  much  blood  the  condition  is  senous. 

Tkeatment. — 

If  on  road,  let  him  stop;  do  not  attempt  to  return  to  stable; 
blanket,  turn  his  head  to  the  wind  and  loosen  harness  where  it 
„u.y  interfere  with  breathing.     By  no  means  have  horse  walked. 
.,^  is  sometimes  done.     Rub  vigorously  with  cloths,  hay  or  straw, 
lo  stimulate  circulation;  get  legs  warm  if  possible  and  use  lini- 
ment as  recommended  in  "Bronchitis"  on  cold  part  of  legs.  When 
circulation   is  letter,    bandage  from  hoofs  as   far  as  possible 
Blanket,  and  have  rubbing  done  under  blanket.     Give  Spirits  of 
Vitrous  Kther  and  Alcohol,  of  each  2  ounces,  in  i  pmt  of  water 
as  a  drench;  repeat  in  an  hour  and  then  every  two  hours  until 
Sieved      Also  give  10  to  1 5  drops  Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite  and 
,   tua^poonful  Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna  ;  repeat  every  two 
hours.     If  it  takes  too  long  to  get  this,  give  M  pint  of  Whiskey 
in  I  pint  of  water,  or  the  same  amount  of  Brandy  as  oiten;  or  I 
ounce  Tincture  of  Arnica  in  a  pint  of  water  every  hour  until  five 
or  MX  doses  have  been  given.     If  none  of  these  are  at  hand  give 
.  tahU spoonfuls  of  Turpentine  shaken  in  Vz  pmt  of  milk.     This 
^^.!l  be  good  until  something  else  can  te  had.     A  tablespoonful 
of  Acpia  Ammonia  in  a  pint  of  water  is  dso  good.     Active  me^ 
tires  may  cease  with  alarming  symptoms,  but  good  care  must  be 
.'iven  for  several  days,  for  this  may  be  followed  by  pneumonte. 


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Till-:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Kicp  in  comfortable  stall,  haw  legs  and  l)ody  well  covered,  give 
pure  air  wilhoul  drafts,  plenty  of  fresh  water  and  bran  mashes, 
scalded  oats  and  ,»,Tass,  if  in  season,  ami  use  tonics  as  recom- 
meiuled  in  "Hronchitis."  After  animal  has  thoroughly  recovered, 
work  in  gradually. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LUNGS  PNEU- 
MONIA.—This  is  an  Inflammation  of  the  lung  tissues;  it  may 
attack  both  lutigs,  but  usually  but  one,  iK-rhaps  most  often  it  is 
the  right  one  tha*  is  affected.  It  may  i)e  complicated  with  bron- 
chitis, pleurisy,  or  both. 

Caitses. -li  may  be  directly  due  to  any  of  the  causes  for  dis- 
eases of  the  air  passages,  as  those  causing  bronchitis,  but  in  many 
instances  it  is  due  to  either  wilful  neglect  or  ignorance.  A  com- 
mon cold  may  run  into  pneumonia  if  neglected  or  improperly 
attended.  Allowing  an  animal  which  is  over  heated  to  cool  too 
quickly,  esjMicially  if  in  a  draft,  over  exertion,  bad  quarters, 
and  many  other  things  may  tend,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  bring 
on  an  attack. 

5)w/>/(w/5.— The  first  stage  is  a  shivering  fit,  more  or  less 
prolonged,  breathing  is  accelerated;  horse  hangs  his  head  and 
has  a  dull  look;  mouth  is  hot  and  sticky  to  touch;  fever  103  or 
higher;  pidse  very  frequent,  70  to  80  or  even  100  a  minute,  but 
var\ing  much  in  character;  may  be  hard  or  feeble,  large  or  small, 
intermitting,  etc.  There  is  usually  a  dry  cough  from  first,  but 
changing  as  disease  advances;  sometimes  nasal  discharge  is  tinged 
with  blood,  and  at  other  timc-s  seems  like  matter;  little  or  no 
appetite;  desire  for  water  is  increasing;  legs  cold;  bowels  more 
or  less  costive;  dung  usually  covered  with  mucus:  urine  scanty 
and  dark  in  color.  Will  not  lie  do\-n:  if  complicated  with 
pleurisy  will  lie  down,  but  rises  soon.  In  pneumonia,  breathing 
is  rapid  and  difficult,  but  when  pleurisy  is  present,  the  ribs  are 
kept  as  still  as  possible  and  the  breathing  abdominal.  There  is 
no  pain  unless  pleurisy  is  present.  A  healthy  lung  if  tapped  on, 
produces  a  resonant  sound,  but  when  inflamed  a  dull  one.  If 
pleurisy  is  present,  animal  will  flinch,  as  blow  causes  pain.  Placing 
ear  to  chest,  a  resjiir.itory  murmur  is  heard  if  horse  is  healthy.  In 
first  stage  of  pneumonia,  the  murmur  is  loud  and  hoarse,  with  a  fine 


DISKASES  OF  THI-:  HORSE 


91 


crackling  sound;  wheT>  lunR  is  solid,  no  sound  ,s  heard.     The 
",pl..ns  rc.unl.lc-  very  closely   those  of   hronclut.s    except  .n 
U.,.,un«  at  the  dust,  we  notice  the  crackhng  sound  instead  of 
tlK-  tubuhir;  the  cough  is  not  as  painful  as  in  bronchitis. 

Tkeatment.—  -  t>    t    f 

The  ceneral  outline  of  treatment  is  as  in  "Bronchitis.      Best  of 

„narters,  and  plenty  of  pure  air.     It  is  Letter  to  blanket  vv-annly 

ntowarnihystoppiuKveiUilation.  Givewaterand  eedandsane 

!.,..,:dcareasin  '•Bronchitis."     Treat  dull  as  m  'Broncln.s. 
Rul.kus  until  warm  and  then  bandage  from  hoofs  up;  if  hand 
rnl .1  -in,  is  not  sufficient,  use  linin.ent  as  in  ' '  Hrondut.s,    and  repea 
„„ce  or  twice  a  day  the  rubbing  an<l  liniment.    Apply  to  the  chest 
UK  sa.ne  applications  as  in  "Bronchitis;"   the  hot  applications  are 
.specially  valuable.     If  constipation  exists,  give  laxative  fcK,d 
such  as  scalded  oats,  bran,  and  linseed  mashes,  and  to  these  add 
gr..ss  or  clover  hay  if  not  the  season  for  grass.     If  no  desire  is 
evinced  for  food  of  above  kinds,  allow  anything  that  the  horse  will 
eit      Also  give  injections  ix:r  rectum.     Hay  tea  may  l>e  given  as 
,.„,;i.  as  animal  will  drink,  and  this  may  create  a  desire  for  othc^ 
food    a  little  corn  on  the  cob,  apples,  carrots,  or  sweet  milk  with 
thre:.  or  four  eggs  to  the  gallon,  if  he  will  drink  it.  three  or  four 
-allons  may  be  given  a  day.     Internally  give  the  .same  treatment 
.;.  f,.r    'Pmmchitis,"  taking  the  same  care  in  dreiichmg.     During 
..,nvakscence  use  the  same  tonics  as  in  "Bronchitis."    The  reat- 
,neuts  for  the  two  diseases  are  so  similar  it  makes  but  little  differ- 
.nce  whether  we  differentiate  between   them  or  not. 

PLEURISY  —This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  pleura  or 
^.mus  membrane  lining  the  chest  cavity,  and  also  investing  the 
l,,„us  Of  itsdf  it  is  not  necessarily  fat.al,  but  inflammation  of 
-erous  membranes  is  indined  t(.  abundant  elusions  of  serum-a 
uaury  fluid.  This  condition,  called  "hydrothorax,"  is  serious. 
r,7«.«.-Mav  be  <lue  to  any  of  the  causes  that  lead  up  to 
..tlur  diseases  of 'the  breathing  organs:  by  wounds  that  puncture 
Ihe  chest;  or  fractured  ribs;  and  may  accompany  other  diseases 
of  the  breathing  organs. 


92 


TlIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


5tw/'/iw,?. -Wc  Rct  the  cliill  followed  by  a  IukU  fever;  at 
first  the  animal  is  apt  to  show  more  or  ks,s  pain  by  uneasiness 
and  looking  around  at  the  ehest,  aets  a  little  as  with  mild  colic. 
The  hreathini,'  is  hurried,  temperatiue  elevated,  uk\  to  107;  pulse 
aeeelerat.  !,  60  to  t;i),  or  even  his/her,  rather  hard  and  small; 
elbows  turned  out;  the  cliest  is  held  ri.i^id,  brealhiuK  is  carried  on 
V)y  the  abdominal  muscles,  causini;  a  line  to  extend  alon>,'  the 
lower  border  of  riV)s  up  to  hip  bone -the  jileuritic  line;  Hanks 
tucked  up,  animal  dislikes  to  turn  around.  If  the  chest  is  tajipcd 
with  the  knuckles  the  horse  sh(nvs  pain,  more  noticeable  if  tho 
finj^ers  are  pushed  in  between  the  ribs.  If  the  chest  is  slajjped 
with  the  hand  the  animal  is  apt  to  j^runt  or  groan. 

In  the  early  stages,  by  j)lacing  the  ear  to  the  chest  a  grating 
or  frictional  sound  is  heard,  caused  by  the  dry  pleura  covering 
the  hmgs  rubl)ing  against  that  lining  the  chest;  later  on  the 
effusion  is  thrown  out  and  this  sound  ceases.  If  the  cfTusicm  is 
profuse,  the  serum  begins  to  collect  in  the  bottom  of  the  chest 
and  float  the  lungs  up  toward  the  toj);  as  this  progresses  wc 
notice  there  is  no  sound  below  the  "water  line,"  and  an  increased 
murmur  above.  If  the  chest  does  not  fdl  more  than  one-third 
full,  and  the  inflanunation  subsides,  the  effusion  may  be  reab- 
sorl>ed  and  recovery  take  place;  if  it  fills  more  than  one-third, 
the  sennn  will  need  to  Ix:  drawn  off  mechanically. 

Treatment.— 

This  varies  but  little  from  that  in  "Bronchitis"  and  "Pneu- 
monia." Adhere  to  the  general  management  as  in  "15ronclliti^." 
and  "Pneumonia,"  and  give  the  same  medicines  internally;  the 
disea.se  needs  rather  vigorous  treatment,  so  repeat  medicines  full 
numlierof  times.  If  the  heart  is  at  all  weak  use  the  Strychnine. 
The  external  ajiplications  to  the  chest  are  very  important— use  the 
hot  water  bottles.  If  the  chest  fills  more  than  one-third  full  it 
should  be  tappe<rwith  a  trocar  and  canula  and  the  fluid  drawn 
off;  this  would  require  a  veterinarian.  pomelimes  the  lung 
affected  will  grow  fast  to  the  chest  wall.  During  convalescence 
give  the  tonics. 

WATER    IN  THE   CHEST-  HYDROTHORAX.— 

This  IS  tnc  iiiiii:g  ui  Inc  viicr.l  v.  iln  \\.it^;i  MrnOv^.ii,  i" 


DI.SHASKS  OK  Tlin  HORSE 


93 


iai/.^fs.—Ai  fir^l  after  active  inflammation,  the  effusion  re- 
ii.  VI-.-,  luiii  atul  the  liorsc  briKlileiis  up,  Ifgins  to  tat  and  in  more 
r,mif<.rtalik:  until  water  iUits  the  liniKs  and  interferes  with 
'M.atliiiiK'.  The  couiileiiaiice  J)eo)nies  anxious  and  ha^Kard;  - 
animal  is  dull  and  weak,  and  allows  little  api)etite  for  food; 
l.ualhing  more  .liiTicult  and  rapid,  and  pulse  liiKh.  TappiiiR  the 
;.i.ks  (if  diest  will  produce  sound  like  the  solid  sound  on  a  barrel 
,,i  u.itir,  and  llic  ear  delects  no  respiratory  murmur  hi  the  lower 
li.iil  tif  the  chest. 

Tki-,atmi;nt.  - 

Rub  lininunt,  as  in  "Hronchitis"  and  "Pnennionia,"  over 
lower  part  of  \x>ih  sides  and  Ixjttom  of  chest.  Continue  the 
tt,  attnent  as  ^iveu  in  "Pleurisy,"  and  use  the  tonics.  Also  give 
I  .haehin  Iodide  Tota^sitim  in  a  pint  of  drinkiuK  water  one  hour 
iiefore  feeding  every  ni,i,'l't  and  niorninf^  for  a  week  or  two. 

llydrothorax  is  sometimes  difficnU  to  overcome  by  medicine 
and  lappiiij;  is  then  resorted  to  (see  Operations). 

BROKEN    WIND,   OR    HEAVES.   -Much    confusion 
exists  as  to  the  nature  of  this  trouble,  and  tlioii'..di  veterinarians  are 
well  aaiiiainted  with  the  phenomena  and  locality  of  the  disease, 
there  is  some  diversity  of  opinion  as  to  the  exact  cause.     An 
atter-death  exaininalion  in  recent  ca.ses     those  that  have  had  the 
disease  bill  a  short  time— shows  mo  marked  chan^tes,  but  old  cases 
-how  well-marked  lesions,  walls  of  bronchial  tubes  thickened, 
1 1- Mt  ^ide  of  heart  enlarged  and  cavities  dilated;  stomach  enlarged, 
a;  !   ill  many  cases,  intestinal    walls  chanKed.      The  lungs    are 
.Iiai.-ed  in  two  ways— by  dilation   and  rupture  of  walls  of  the 
celI^,  and  by  air  liuding  its  way  into  the  li^^-^ue  Ulvveen  the  cells. 
Svinploms. — The  peculiar  double  motion  of  the  flanks  in  ex- 
iling  the  air,  points   to  the  ailment  at  once.     The  nostrils  are 
r.i.laled,  and  the  accompanying  cough  is  short  and  something  like  a 
Ui  lint.     When  excited,  a  wheezing  noise  accompanies  breathing. 
This  may  be  heard  to  a  less  extent  when  at  rest  by  placing  the 
ear   to   the   chest.     The   animal   is   much   worse   during   close, 
'muggy"  weather.    Animal  has  a  depraved  appetite  and  will  eat 


TIlIv  I'RACTICAIv  STOCK  l)()CTt)R 


f. 


f  ■  =- 


I 


\     11 

=    •  >  •( 


I  .1* 


i 


I'i 


94 

soiled  iK-ddinn  rather  than  ko<kI  fcK^l.  aiul  the  alKlomen  niuy  be- 
come what  is  called  '  iK,t-bellied,"  passes  wind  {re<iuent!y,  which 
has  an  oflensive  odor.  If  a  horse  luus  been  •'doiK.d'  by  .hariK-rs 
so  that  symptoms  are  suppressed,  he  can  he  tested  by  Ktvn.K  him 
as  mnch  water  as  he  will  drink,  and  then  .Irive  him  np  a  stifl  h.l 
or  on  a  heavy  road.  This  wdl  brinj;  onl  the  characteristics  of 
the  disease.  The  conj-h.  which  is  not  at  all  regular,  is  usually 
one  of  the  first  symptoms. 

Tkeatment. — •  .       .... 

When  .«K-e  well  seated  there  is  no  cure  for  it.  but  judicious 
feeding  and  remedies  will  help  to  allay  its  severity.     In  recent 
cases  more  may  In.-  accomplished.     Feed  a  small  Muantity  of  the 
best  Imv  and  more  Rrain.  and  slightly  dampen    to   ally   dust. 
Water  before  reeding,  not  after.     Do  not  work  immediately  after 
eatine      Carrots,  turnips  and  potatfjes  chopi^ed  and  mixed  with 
oats  or  corn  are  good.     Pasturing  gives  relief.     One  of  the  best 
remedies  is  solution  of  Arsenic  in   Hydrochloric  Acid  (Liquor 
Arsenici   Ilydrochloricus).     Give  i  tablespoonful  with   bran  or 
erouiul  oats  three  times  daily  for  two  weeks;  then  twice  a  day  for 
two  weeks  longer;  then  once  a  day  for  several  weeks,  is  a  good 
way  to  give  it.     Fowler's  Solution  of  Arsenic  is  also  used  in  the 
same  manner,  the  dose  being  the  same. 

Do  not  use  an  animal  suffering   from  heaves  for  breeding 

puriK)ses. 

SPASMS  OF  THE  DIAPHRAGM  -THUMPS  OR 
HICCOUGHS.  This  is  like  liiccoughs  in  man.  Is  generally 
thought  to  be  palpitation  of  the  heart,  and  while  that  trouble  is 
sometimes  called  "thumps"  it  must  not  be  conf.m.uled  with  this 
disease,  which  is  a  spasm<.dic  contraction  of  the  diaphragm. 

Ca?««.— Same  as  congestion  of  tlie  lungs. 

SymptoM^.--:\^^  jerky  m-.tion  affects  the  whole  body  ami  is 
not  cJrifined  to  the  region  of  the  heart.  If  one  places  the  mnd 
on  the  bndy  at  about  the  middle  of  the  last  n  1.  while  the  oth  r  S 
placed  over  heart  behind  the  left  elbow,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  c 
is  no  connection  between  the  jerking  of  one  and  the  beating  of  the 
,V,,.r      Th.e  ear  nl.aced  to  the  side  will  discover  that  the  sound  is 


otl 


uL 


DISK  ASKS  OK  THK  lIORSIv 95 

back  of  the  heart.  In  fact  the  licarl  is  usually  weaker  anil  less 
l^rceplil.le  than  natural.  If  not  relieved,  ileath  usually  re-ilts 
from  congestion  of  the  lun>;s. 

Tkkatmknt.— 

The  treatment  should  he  precisely  the  r^aine  as  for  -ConKes- 

"ioD  of  the  LunRS." 

Or,  in  ordinary  cases  give  the  following;: 

SwfitSiiiritsof  Nitor i  oiiiiie. 

Laudanum ' 

Fluid  Extrait  Digitalis aixlrops. 

WaUr •  I"'"- 

A/ix  and  Kive  as  a  drench,  every  two  hours 
until  relieved. 
If  warm  weather,  apply  a  woolen  blanket  wrung  out  of  hot 
water  to  the  chest,  with  a  dry  one  outside  it:  if  cold  weatlier, 
q,ply  .Mustard  paste  around  hack  part  of  chest  and  cover  U<ly 
well.  In  some  cases,  after  giving  a  few  doses  of  mixture,  if  not 
relieved  it  would  he  well  to  give: 

Turpintine '  """<:"=• 

Kaw  l.inseod  Oil '  P'"*- 

Afix  and  give  as  a  drench. 
After  animal  is  belter,  feed  well,  give  exercise,  and  bring 
j;radually  to  regular  work. 

WOUNDS  PENETRATING  THE  WALLS  OF  THE 
CHEST.— In  theory,  according  to  .some  teachers  of  physiology, 
when   an  oi)ening  is  made  in  the  wall  of   the  chest,  sufficient  to 
all')w  air  to  enter,  a  collapse  of  the  lung  should  occur.     This  is 
not  always  the  case,  as  horses  have  R-en   known  to  \\c  in  this 
condition  for  several  hours  without  above  result  occurring.     Dr. 
\V.  II.  Harbaugh  tells  of  a  case   he  attended   twelve  hours  after 
the  accident,  and  he  states,  that  though   he   found   the  breathing 
considerably  altered,  no  bad  effect  followed  the  admission  of  air 
into  the  thoracic  cavity.     The  wound  was  closed  and  treated  by 
general  methods  of  treating  wounds,  and  a  six;edy  and  perfect 
recovery  followed.     If  the  pleura  is  uot  jxiuetrated,  no  bad  result 
is  likely  to  follow,  but  if  it  is,  pleurisy  is  Hkelv  to  result,  am' 
even  pneumciiiia  if  the  wound  involves  the  lung. 

The  condition  called   "pneiimo-thorax,"   means  air   in  the 
chest.     This  may  be  due  to  a  wound  in  the  wall  of  the  chest,  or 


'M 


mIi 


Tin,   I'K  AC  IICAI,  STOCK    |H)CT(>K 


I        I 


r 


it  n,ay  l-c  .l.u  m  a  .....kv-.  r.W.  ihc  sharp  oIkc.  u(  v.UkI.   vvuu. 

1  hU  su.lu.Mtly  ...  allow  a.r  U.  e.  a,.-  uUo  the  space  a.-,. 

tlK-  luHK,  winch  .^  ..aiurally  a  'acnuu       A.r  ^a.-nuK  accc..  ..  tht 

chest  c:ui.v  ...av  have  a  ,....liar  elTe.t.     The   .vuun.l   n.ay  l.e  >;. 

t.  at   wlK'U  .he  walN  ..f  .he  chest  are  ,l.la.,,.«   a  l.ttle  a.r  . 

:tM.,.    h..t    .1-,,.    contrac.io,,,    the    co,,ta.ne.     .r^p^^^^ 

ainmstlhe...n.  iu,t,soastocl..sethc  u. .;,...!:  ..  ht.k   a.r   k^"^ 

?n       ■  .  c  .  l.rea,  ..  h...  nuu.  esca,.-s  ....til  .he  !....«  .s  c.nprc.s.  .1 

:  .  1   Ice.  a,..l  fnnv.l  i..t..  a,.teri...  pari  of  chest.     A  hruke.. 
ri^:,„uy  ca.,.e  san.e  .  ..n-li.io",  l."t  i"  thi.  case  the  a.r  .a.i.sacc^s 
';:  L  .......   a..a    there   ...ay    ..ot   eve,,    he    a..  ope,n,.>;  m 

ualN  of  the  chest.  In  hyan,.tl,..ra.x  ,  water  ou  thech.st),  the 
"at  cattsed  hv  deconn>osition  of  lU.icl.  arc  sa.d  to  have  ea... I 
fhe  ..,  e  co..clitio...  1,.  .s.,ch  ca...  the  air  is  ,e,.erally  al.or hed^ 
a^la  s,K.„ta,.eous  cr-  is  .he  res,.l.  IM.t  when  t.,e  syr..p  omj 
Je  ..rKer...  i.  .s  reco.„n,e.,ded  that  Ihe  air  be  reinove.1  by  a  lr.K:ar 
and  cam,la,  or  by  an  a-piralor. 

TkK.\tmi:nt.— 

The  lreat...e,.l  ..f  uo„.,ds  of  above  k..,d  >ho.dd.  for  reason, 
stnted     be    pro,.,p..       iMud  o..l  by  ca.ef..l    exa.u.r.al..m    .f    a.,y 

;;:;:^;,;:d^:e.n:..,,.,u,e.o.,..d;ifs...tsho..id,.re.,..^^^^^ 

aiid  the  wou,..l  ihon.u.hly  ckanetl  w,th  a  .solut.o..  of. 

Cart>olic  Acid '  P*''- 

Water '    ' 

The  wo.,.,d  sho„ld  the.,  Ik.  cU.sc-d  imn.ediately.    If  a„  incised 
.on,u    ,t  shonld  1.  clo.ed  w.th  st.tt.res;   if  ton,  or    acerated 
bandage  arou.,d  the  chest  over  the  dress.ng  .s  the  lH..st  pla.i.     A^ 
all  et^ts    a,r  must  be  prevcted  getting  into  the  chest  as  soo« 
a  d  eaeitually  as  p.>ss.ble.    The  after  treatu.ent  shot^ld  constst  .n 
k  1'^!- parts  dea..  with  the  Carbolic  solut.on  and  apply-g 
frl^h  dressing  as  often  as  needed  to  keep  the  wound  ,n  a  healthy 
'::::^£L     L.  shouU  ..  take.,  that  ;'-  d^  .ar^s   r^ 
wound  have  an  outlet  in  the  most  dependent  pa  t.  f^"^^^' 
causes  much  pain,  it  should  l>c  allayed  by  a  d.)se  of  Tincture  ot 
o"^,  (^mdanum).     Pleurisy  a.,d  other  compl.cattons  must  bo 
treated  as  directed  under  their  headmgs. 


PISKASI'.S  nl    Tin-    MORSF. 


07 


DISliASI-S  OH  THE  MOUTH.  TKIITH.  SALI- 
VARY GLANDS  AND  (jULLEI 


SORE  MOUTH  STOMATITIS.  This  i.  an  .nnam- 
,„aiun  of  llu-  lnuo.ll^  immbtaiK  ImmK  Hk-  mouth. 

(  „«w.       Irri'.alinn  nudiciiKS,  f-Kxls,  or  other  snlwtanccs. 

SV,,//>/,..«s.  -Swelling-  of  the  .not.th,  which  i.  hot.im.l  painful 
,„„;•  ,..,uh;  col.i..us  di>c-harKO  of  saliva;  muoms  .ncml.rane  H 
r„ul.  ,Kd.  .m.l  in  sonic  cases  there  are  nlcer->  or  l.H.lers  ot..e-rvcu. 

"i.'cc.l  M.ft  f.«..l,  and  ...  n.:...v.as.s  thi.  is  all  that  is  ...  rc<sary. 
„  ,.,i.  is  not  M.fhcient  ....  a  wash  of  Chlorate-  of  Potash.  Hor..x  or 
\h„n  frn.n  ■;  to  .  on..ce  of  either,  to  .  pint  of  water.  Hay, 
.,r,w  <.r  <uls  .honl.l  W-  stean.ed  or  l.o.U.1,  if  UM-d  Internally 
...v.  a  laxative.  .  quart  of  raw  l.inseed  O.l,  or  -  ,Hnu  of  ^.l^,.,.n 
^,lts  nr  .  on..ce  of  Aloes;  al>o  j.'ive  lar^e  tea.jxM.nt.d  ot  Sal  ■ 
,vur'  th.ce  times  a  day  for  a  few  ..ays  in  tl..-  ...o.stened  ^ra....  It 
i,K.,>  f..r.n,  touch  tnem  with  Nitrate  of  S.lver,  lincturc  of 
Iwdi.ie,  or  other  caustic. 

LAMPAS  -This  is  the  name  Kiveii  to  the  swelliuK  of  the 
„,-Kous  membrane  covcri..K'  the  bars  it.  the  n.of  of  the  mo.tth  and 
.-..jectinK'  in  -.1  tnorc  or  less  promi.tent  ridge  immediately  behind 
;  ,.  u,.pcr  incisor  teeth.     Not  nearly  s<,  common  as  imagined. 

(\u>.s.^    From  any  of  the  causes  of  sore  mouth,  or  in  the 
I-,'  of  colts  from  teethiiiK'. 

Sy„,M„ns  -The  bars  in  the  roof  of  the  month  are  swollen, 

.   ;  .,nd  sensitive  to  the  touch.     The  bars  just  back  of  the  front 

■',    ,re  often  on  a  level  or  below  the  Krindin- surface  of  the  teeth 

,  ,  i„.,Uh,  a.id  u..less  red  and  sensitive,  i.idicates  nothing  wrong. 

M.ie  or  less  slobbering,  som  times  difTicult  eating. 

'  "  Give'^'the  same  treatment,  both  local  and  internal,  as  in  "Sore 
Mouth."     Burning  is  l)oth  cruel  and  unnecessary. 

7 


I.  M 


98 


THIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


\  'if 

I 

it 


IRRITATION  FROM  SHEDDING  MILK  TEETH.- 

A  trouble  of  yoniis;  liorscs. 

SywpioHis.  Horse  eats  with  (lifficulty,  sumctiiiies  not  at  all: 
hlohbers;  >\veat^  easily;  hair  looks  rouKh;  is  ^^annt  and  thin; 
bowels  costive  or  affected  with  diarrhea,  and  oats  come  through 
whole. 

Tkkatmknt.— 

Look  at  teeth,  lack  atul  front,  for  shells  or  cap,-,  and  remove 
if  any  are  found.  Cive  soft  ^ood,  and  .as  atonic  the  treatment 
recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

WOLF  TEETH.— These  are  small  teeth  that  come  just 
in  front  of  tlie  upper  and  sometimes  the  lower  molars.  They 
sometimes  wound  the  cheek,  by  its  beitig  pnlled  aRainst  the  wotf 
teeth  by  the  bit.  They  do  no  good,  but  do  not,  as  is  sometimes 
Siil'posed,  cause  bliiulness. 

Tki.  \rMi:NT.  '- 

Take  a  pair  of  piiucr>  or  forceps  and  pull  them.  They  are 
usuallv  onlv  .iltaelied  li,u;htly  and  come  easily.  Never  break 
them  ofT  by  puuchin-  tlum  out.  In  pnllin,!;,  twist  back  and  forth 
a  little,  so  as  not  to  brc.d:   them  off. 

IRREGULARITIES    OF    THE    TEETH.      From   the 

nature  of  a  horse's  food,  it  is  necessary  that  the  grinding  or  rub- 
bing >urfaee  (^f  the  tooth  should  be  rough.  The  upper  jaw  is 
soinewh.al  wi<ler  than  the  lower,  and  from  the  fact  <jf  not  being 
perfectly  oppose.1,  a  sharp  edge  is  left  on  in>ide  of  lower  molars 
and  on'outside  of  upper  ones,  wliicli  may  injure  ihe  lips  and 
tongue.  This  can  be  rea<lily  felt  by  the  haiul,  and  when  so 
found,  .sh.  .nld  be  rasped  <lown.  Sometimes  the  first  or  last  molar 
may  be  abnormally  long,  owing  to  the  absence  of  its  opposite. 
Should  it  be  the  last,  an  expert  would  undoubtedly  be  needed, 
but  the  front  one  can  be  rasi.ed  down.  Teeth  opposite  absent 
ones  from  other  jaw  are  much  clr.ngated,  and  such  must  beshort- 


ericd.      When   horse- 


itiid 


their   fo(jd,  or   when    they    show 


mstress  in  chewing,  by  holding  the  head  to  oue  side,  the  teeth 
should  be  examined  carefully,  and  all  sharp  corners  and  projec- 
tions removed  with  a  rasp. 


DISKASES  OF  THK  HORSE 


99 


TOOTHACHE;  DECAYED   TEETH.  -  Toothache  » 

rue   an.l  when  found  is  usually  from  decayed  teeth. 

r<,usrs.--V^na\\y  Innn  biting  hard  substances  that  split  and 
l.reak  the  tectli,  inducing  decay. 

SV;/;/'Av«5. -Horse  u^ill  su.ldcnly  stop  chewing,  throw  his 
H,,.l  to  one  side  and  slightly  uiK^n  the  mouth.  Will  act  as  though 
::„e.nnghad  punctured  the  mouth.  Will  hold  the  head  -d- 
wise  when  eating,  and  sometimes  in  drinking.  Ap  to  be  an 
offensive  odor  from  nostril  or  mouth;  sometimes  a  discharge  from 
iiiistril. 

If  on  examination,  no  foreign  substance  is  found  ui  the 
,„,,„th'  carefully  try  each  tootli  by  gently  tapping  with  a  small 
;.r  with  a  long  handle;  the  horse  will  flinch  when  the  sore 
,00th  is  touched.  A  twitch  may  be  put  on  the  upper  lip  to 
Itrol  if  .Icsircd  or  necessary.  When  found,  the  offendmg 
tooth  should  be  removed  either  with  t':e  forceps  or  by  punching 
out.     For  this  operation  a  veterinarian  will  be  required. 

CRIBBING  AND  WIND-SUCKING.  This  is  not  a 
disease  in  itself,  but  an  exceeding  bad  habit,  though  it  may  result 
fvom  some  disease.  The  manger,  post,  fence,  or  other  object  ,s 
car  1,1  with  the  teeth,  and  horse  bears  down  until  neck  is  alterec 
m  TK^sition  so  as  to  form  a  temporary  vacuum  in  the  pharynx, 
when  air  rushes  in  to  fill  it. 

Cau^n  -By  some  is  consi.lcred  as  the  result  of  indigestion; 
bv  others  from  pain  in  the  teeth  while  teething:  while  still  other* 
as  a  result  of  idleness.  Old  horses  will  sometimes  becom, 
cribbers  if  tied  beside  one  that  cribs. 

Treatment.—  .  . 

Put  horse  in  a  box  stall  and  feed  him  from  the  floor,  giving 
feed  from  a  pail  that  is  removed  as  soon  as  ernpty;  leaving 
otting  which'he  can  get  hold  of.  Examine  teeth  to  see^at 
.her.-  are  no  defects  in  them;  if  so,  correct.  A  strap  buckled 
tight  around  the  throat-tight  enough  to  prevent  the  action-is 
au  -ther  means  employed.     Putting  Red  Pepper.  Aloes,  and  other 


EIBUOTHEQ-Jt: 

f-lflVEClKE 
VETERINAIRE 


i 


lOO 


THK  I'RACTICAI,  S'l(JCK  DOCTOR 


such  ing;rc(lifiils  on  iMlgos  of  maiiKt-r  where  horse  can  crih  is  also 
resorted  to;  t'oxcring  the  ed^'e  of  tiie  iiianjjer  will)  metal  may 
prevent.  Aiiotln-r  way  is  to  put  a  iini//k-  on  with  l).irs  aeross  the 
nose  that  will  allow  eatins;,  Imt  will  i-revnit  t;rasi)in^  the  iuan};er 
in  his  teeth. 

l-'or  wind-suckers  who  do  not  crih,  a  strap  studded  with  sharp 
spikes  opposite  the  lower  jaw  is  the  l)e--t  i>ri.\i.iiti\e. 

If  the  animal  is  unthrifty,  indicalini;  ii-.dij;estion,  give  the 
treatment  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion."  With  young 
horses  having  a  tendency  to  the  trouble,  give  regular  exercise. 

FOREIGN  SUBSTANCES  IN  THE  MOUTH.-Some- 

times  a  piece  of  >tick  heccMUe-  '"Iged  in  the  roof  of  the  mouth, 
and  it  may  be  noticed  by  aniir,.ii  not  feeding,  and  he  ,.Ul  be  try- 
ing to  di>lodge  same  continually  with  his  tongue,  by  working  it 
around  in  his  iiiomli.  It"  ob>tructii'n  is  not  removed,  he  will  tall 
off  in  condition.  Wlh-n  observed,  cNamine  and  lemove  any  such 
obstruction  with  the  lunid  or  pincers.  P.arley  or  wheat  beards, 
when  hor-.es  get  straw  for  food,  may  get  so  lodged  in  the  mouth 
that  the  animal  cannot  dislodge  them  with  his  tongue.  The 
horse  will  not  feed  will,  and  will  fall  olT  in  condition.  If  the 
mouth  be  examimd  the  cau>e  of  tlu-  tronble  will  probably  be 
found,  and  should  be  removed.,  washing  any  'Vritated  spot  with 
Borax  and  Alum  water. 

PARALYSIS  OF  LIPS  AND  CHEEKS.  -Not  a  com- 
mon disease,  but  met  with  occasionally. 

Caiisis.  An  injury  to  the  nerves  of  motion  in  the  lips  and 
cheeks. 

Svmpfom<;. — Animal  is  not  able  to  use  his  lips  in  eating  or 
drinking;  they  hang  nabb\-  and  loose,  nid  h.ave  the  apix'arance 
(.f  being  swollen,  but  thi-- i<  only  fron;  lli-.-  loosetie.ss  that  makes 
them  apjiear  so.  When  drinking,  anima'  puts  lii-.  head  deep  in 
the  w.iter,  as  this  is  the  only  \\a\  he  cm  drink.  If  one  side  only 
is  alTectcd,  lips  may  be  drawn  toward  the  other  side. 

Treatment. — 

Keep  up  strength  by  giving  soft  food,  and  give  him  rest. 
Stimulating  liuimeuts  or  blisters  may  be  applied  to  the  cheeks  to 


DISRASKS  OF  THl-  HORSE 


loi 


<tiiiiiilate  a  return  to  normal  conditions.  Internally  give  i  drachm 
(loses  Nnx  Vomica,  or  2  grain  doses  Sulphate  Strychnia  tliree 
limes  a  day,  until  twitching  ()f  some  of  the  voluntary  muscles 
i,aiirs:  then  discontinue  for  several  days:  beginning  with  a  smaller 
(i.)se  and  increasing  until  the  twitching  occurs,  is  also  recom- 
mended.    The  trouMe  may  be  incurable. 

APHTHA,  OR  THRUSH.  -  At  certain  times,  a  common 
disease  and  seems  to  be  somewhat  contagious. 

Sjmp/oms.— Animal  is  dull  and  does  not  eat  well;  has  slight 
cough;  is  running  down.  On  examination,  the  mouth,  lips,  and 
tongue  will  be  found  covered  with  little  blisters,  and  they  may 
txteiid  down  into  the  throat.  Jinach,  and  in  some  cases  into  the 
intestines.     Tlie  animal  may  be  feverish. 

Tkf.atmknt. — 

Give  the  same  treatment  as  with  "Stomatitis;"  touching  the 
sorcs  with  the  caustics.  Flusliing  out  the  mouth  with  a  Carbolic 
Acid  sf-lution— Carbolic  Acid,  ,'i  ounce,  water,  i  quart— is  of 
vnine.  In  flushing  out,  be  careful  that  the  animal  does  not 
swallow  much  of  the  solution. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TONGUE  —  GLOS- 
SITIS.— 

Ca7<S(S. — From  irritating  medichies  id  foods;  or  from  too 
rough  handling  in  giving  medicines,  injury  from  bit,  or  from 
rope  put  in  the  mouth,  etc. 

5vw/'/<"«5.— Copious  discharge  of  saliva,  and  on  examination 
tlie  tongue  will  be  found  red,  swollen  and  tender  to  touch,  and  in 
some  cases  protrudes  from  the  mouth,  with  laceration,  abscesses, 
etc.,  and  if  not  relieved  animal  would  die  of  starvation. 

Trkatmknt.— 

In  simple  cases  follow  out  the  treatment  as  in  "Sore  Mouth' '  ot 
'  'Stomatitis.  ■ '  Severe  cases  might  '■e<iuire  the  ser\-ices  of  a  veterin- 
arian.  If  tongue  is  cut,  the  wound  should  be  stitched.  In  bad 
eases  pump  ice-cold  water  into  the  mouth  continuously  with  a 
force  pump. 


I  % 


!f 


■  f  1 

*    k 
■  « ■ 

■  i  ^i 

I02  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

TONGUE  HANGING  FROM  THE  MOUTH.- 

Ca«5«.— Primarily  from  projection  or  sharp  edges  on  the 
teeth;  or  from  ncKlec-tul  injuries  to  the  tongue,  or  from  a  para- 
lyzed condition  of  the  tongue. 

Sympiinns.—ATc  ol>vious. 

Trkatmknt.  - 

Examine  the  teeth  and  rasp  away  all  sharp  edges  and  pro- 
jections if  any  are  found.  Should  the  tongue  be  sore,  -.se  remedies 
as  in  "Sore  Mouth. ' '  If  tongue  is  paralyzed,  give  drachm  doses  of 
Nux  Vomica  three  times  a  day.  When  it  hang  .  from  the  mouth 
as  a  habit,  there  is  no  known  remedy.  The  use  of  certain  bits  will 
sometimes  prevent.  If  it  hangs  from  the  side,  large,  circular 
leathers  attached  to  the  sides  of  the  bit  may  help. 

SLAVERING  OR    FROTHING-PTYALISM.-This 

is  an  excessive  or  abnormal  secretion  of  saliva. 

ra7/5f5.  — Irregular  teeth:  something  in  the  food;  clover, 
especially  second  crop;  foreign  substances  lodged  in  the  mouth; 
hiflammation  of  mouth  or  tt)ngue;  or  the  use  of  some  kinds  of 
medicine. 

Treatment. — 

Discover  and  remove  the  cause  and  usually  nothing  more  will 
be  neo  ssary.  Astringent  washes,  as  Alum  water  or  Borax  water, 
may  be  used  sometimes  to  an  advatitage,  applying  with  a  sponge 
or  syringe.  A  dose  of  the  following  is  recoimneiided  where 
simple  means  f;iil: 

Aloes «  drachms. 

Bicarbonate So.1.1 '  draclmi. 

Ginger ' 

Dissolve  in  I  pint  of  water  or  gnu;l,  anJ  give 

as  a  drench;  or,  give  in  the  form  of  a  hall, 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  PAROTID  GLAND.- 
This  is  the  salivary  gland  situated  below  the  ear  and  between  the 
back  part  of  the  jaw  bone  and  nock. 

Causes.— They  become  inflamed  occasionally  from  cold  settling 
in  them,  or  from  injury.  Disease  also  accompanies  distemper, 
laryngitis,  and  pharyngitis. 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSE 


103 


Treatment.— 

Bathe  in  hot  water,  or  apply  woolen  cloths  wrung  from  hot 
water,  or  apply  Linseed  Meal  ixnillices.  If  there  is  fever,  give 
internal  treatment  recommended  for  "Laryngitis  "  If  gland  sup- 
imrates  and  comes  to  a  i^int  in  any  spot,  open  and  flush  out  once 
a  li.iy  with  Carbolic  Acid  water: 

CarbuHc  Ai:iil ■ %  ounce. 

Walter I  P>"t- 

Continue  jxmlticing  as  before  for  a  day  or  two  and  then  stop 
jxiulticing. 

THICKENING  OF  THE  PAROTID  GLAND.— This 

1-  u'ually  called  "thick  gland." 

Ca«5«.— Tight  reining;  from  distemper;  or  from  inflamma- 
tion of  the  glnids. 

Symptoms  -   A  pronounced  thickening  behind  the  jaw  bone 

and  below  the  .ur. 

Tki-.ATMKNT. — 

Blistering   is   the   best   way   to   get   rid  of   this.     Use  the 

i  lUowiug; 

Powdered  Cantharides I  drachm. 

niniodiile  of  Mercury 'z 

Lard  or  Vaseline 1  ounce. 

Mix  tlioroughly  and  apply  to  the  affected 
gland. 
For  applying,  see  "ToApply  a  Blister,"  under  "Ring  Boue." 
In  mild  cases  Iodine  Ointment  can  be  used  in  place  of  blister; 
the  ointment  is  made  as  follows. 

Iodine «  drachms. 

Iodide  of  rot.isli '2 

Biniodidc  of  Mercury zo  grains. 

Vaseline '■ »  o""ce- 

Apply  a  little  once  i  day  and  rub  vigorously 
with  a  rub  cloth.     Ke  p  slightly  irritated. 

FIPTULA    OF    THE    PAROTID   DUCT.-Oenprally 

from  an  injury  to  the  duct  where  it  rounds  the  lower  jaw  on  thi 
under  side,  just  in  front  of  the  angle. 


s 


I 


104 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Caust's.—\  tumor,  or  iiiecc  of  food  may  ohstnict  the  duct, 
rause  inCammation,  mid  as  a  result  the  duct  l)r(jaks  through  in  a 
new  place,  and  as  there  is  a  constant  flow  of  saliva,  the  opening 
becomes  fistulous. 

Sywploms.  -li,  from  an  obstruction,  xlien-  is  a  sore  on  the 
check,  usually  on  tlie  outside,  but  sometimes  on  the  inside,  the 
inner  one  does  hltle  harm,  as  the  saliva  is  not  wasted.  The  saliva 
liows  more  freely  during  masticati  ii,  but  is  continuous.  If  from 
an  injury  at  the  underside  of  jaw,  .saliva  llows  from  the  injury. 

Treatmknt. 

Clip  lin.ir  off  around  the  oi)ening,  and  remove  any  obstruc- 
tion or  irritation  on  the  inside;  see  that  the  natural  opening  is 
clear.  Scratch  edj.'es  of  external  opening  t(j  make  a  fresh  wound 
of  it;  then  apply  the  following: 

Carbolic  Acid i  drachtn. 

Glycerint =  dr.udims. 

riour  to  make  a  paste. 
Make  into  a  paste  and  apply  to  the  wound,  and  put  a  cold 
Linsecxi  Meal  ixuiltice  directly  over  it.  Dress  twice  a  day,  and 
the  fistulous  opening  will  soon  close  if  the  natural  passage  is  kept 
open.  A  little  Tincture  of  Iodine,  or  tlie  Iodine  Ointment 
applied  to  the  oix;ning  repeatedly  may  close  it.  If  possible,  get 
a  veterinariati  to  treat  the  tmnble. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  PHARYNX-  PHAR- 
YNGITIS.-  The  pharyn.K  is  lh;il  part  of  the  tract  that  lies  in  the 
throat  just  back  of  the  mouth.  It  rarely  exists  unless  accom- 
parted  with  sore  motilh,  glossitis,  or  laryngitis. 

Catises.—Xrz  from  extension  of  above  diseases,  or  from 
foreign  substances  getf'ng  lodged  there.  Same  causes  as  for 
laryngitis. 

Symptoms.— ^'hm  confined  mostly  to  the  pharynx,  there  is 
difficulty  in  swallowing:  but  little  cough  unless  in  trying  to 
swallow;  and  there  is  no  .soreness  on  pres.sure  over  the  larynx 
(lar-e  ring  of  the  windpipe, )  Increased  flow  of  saliva;  difficulty 
of  swallowing  liquids  in  particular,  and  cough  when  trying  to 
swallow  only,  water  comes  back  through  the  nose,  and  more  or 
Itss  discharge  from  the  nose. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


105 


TKliATMKNT. — 

Same  as  for  "Laryngitis." 

PARALYSIS  OF  THE  PHARYNX, OR  GULLET.- 

C.nunonly  called    'Paralysis of  the  Throat."     This  is  a  stubVx,rn 
di-iu.sL-,  but  fortunately  not  very  common. 

Sv»tp/o»is.— Animal  will  take  food  in  his  mouth  and  chew  it, 
l,„t  caniot  swallow;  will  try  to  drink,  but  there  is  no  diminution 
of  water  in  the  pail,  and  this  he  will  try  to  <lo  by  the  hour.  Any 
ual.r  K^tlins  into  the  back  of  the  month  will  be  returned  through 
the  nose.  An  examination  reveals  no  abnormal  conditions,  except 
perhaps  parts  are  flabby  to  touch.  General  co-ditions  of  animal 
otherwise  at  first  are  good,  only  as  owner  would  say:  "He  can't 
eat," 

Tki;.\tmknt. — 

blister,  or  applv  stimulating  Turpentine  and  Ammonia  lini- 
M.ent  behind  and  under  the  jaw.  Swab  the  mouth  f  recjuently  with 
Chlorate  of  Potash  or  Alum,  i  <nince  to  a  pint  of  water,  with  a 
.non>.e  <m  end  of  a  slick.  Give  Strychnine  in  i  grain  doses  three 
or  four  times  a  day.  If  possible  give  the  Strychnine  hypoder- 
mieally.  This  treatment  is  recommended  by  high  authority. 
Another  recommends  feeding  animal  with  stomach  pump,  hay 
tea  and  making  gruels  out  of  chopped  oats,  new  milk  and  eggs, 
,,ul  pumping  it  down  into  the  stomach,  or  giving  through  a  hose 
with  funnel  in  one  end,  passed  into  the  stomach;  m  this  way 
keeping  animal  alive  until  the  muscles  have  regained  their  tone 
and  horse  can  swallow  again. 

CHOKING.  Choking  is  not  so  common  among  horses  as 
cattle,  but  it  sometimes  occurs. 

Causa  —Animal  is  suddenly  startled  when  eating  apples  or 
roots'  or,  in  feeding  oats  in  a  narrow,  deep  manger,  a  greedy  feeder 
mav  by  bolting  his  oats,  get  choked.  Giving  eggs  without 
breaking,  or  balls  that  are  too  large  or  improper  shape,  are  also 
causes  It  may  lodge  in  the  pharynx,  in  middle  or  neck  portion. 
or  in  the  chest  portion  near  the  stomach,  each  giving  different 
symptoms. 


ia6 


THK  PRACTICAK  STOCK  DOCTOR 


% 


Sy»i/>/(^>ti.  -W'hi-'n  in  tlic  pharynx,  tlie  horse  will  present 
symptoms  of  distress,  such  a.^  imrrii'l  hrtaliiing,  frcijucut  cough, 
excessive  flow  of  saliva,  sweating,  IrLinliling,  or  stamping  of  the 
fortfett,  and  there  may  be  hloating.  Manipidating  upixT  part  of 
throat  ami  examination  by  hand,  will  diseover  obstruction.  If 
farther  down,  the  object  will  form  a  tumor  ou  left  side  of  neck, 
whicli  may  be  l)oth  seen  and  felt.  Symptoms  are  not  so  severe; 
horse  will  ilraw  himself  up,  arch  his  neck,  .and  sometimes  utter 
a  loud  grunt;  has  anxious  look  and  tries  lo  vrnnil;  saliva  and 
nuicu'.  llowing  from  the  no^e.  If  choki  is  clo^i-  to  the  stomach, 
the  symptoms  are  still  less  >evere.  Ilorse  will  eject  food  or  water 
through  no>e  or  mouth,  after  a  few  swallows  are  taken.  There 
..re  some  di-tress  s>  niptoin>,  cou,i;h,  and  occasionally  attempts  at 
vomiting  in  this  form  of  choke.  The  probang  would  determine 
the  cpiestion  if  an  obstruction  were  present. 


il     -^ 


Ml 

V 


1  h 

■1 


Tkeatmi;nt. 

If  in  the  pharynx  or  the  be^nn:  ing  of  tuc  gullet,  try  and 
remove  through  the  mouth,  putting  a  gag  in  the  mouth  to  pro- 
tect the  hand.  While  one  is  trying  to  grasp  object,  have  another 
press  upward  on  oliject  from  below.  Give  a  little  oil  carefully  to 
lubricate  obstruction  and  gullet.  Persevere,  as  continued  effort 
may  get  obstacle  farther  toward  the  mouth  or  cause  it  to  be  car- 
ried on  to  the  stomach.  If  all  means  fail,  then  use  the  probang 
in  endeavor  to  push  it  down.  .\  half-inch  hose  answers  very 
well  for  a  jiroliang.  It  can  be  stiflened,  if  necessary,  by  putting 
twisted  wire  in  it,  being  sure  tl'  •  wire  does  not  project  beyond 
♦.he  lower  end.  To  pass  the  j  ;  ili.ing,  back  the  horse  into  a 
corner,  have  a  man  on  each  side  take  an  ear  in  one  hand,  and  one 
place  the  other  hand  on  his  nose,  the  other  place  his  hand  under 
the  hnver  jaw.  Straight;  n  the  head  on  the  neck  as  much  as  pos- 
sible; oil  the  ho.se  well,  pass  it  into  tlie  mouth  over  the  back  of 
the  tongue  into  the  gidlet;  jiress  gently  until  it  enters  the  gullet, 
then  ])ass  rapidly  until  il  strikes  the  ob>lruction;  then  b.  gentle 
but  firm  pressure  try  and  dislodge  it  and  push  it  int<i  the  stomach. 
It  is  Some  seven  or  eight  feet  from  the  front  of  the  mouth  to  the 
stomach.  The  horse  is  apt  to  "choke  down"  in  using  a  probang; 
if  it  occurs  withdraw  the  probaug  at  ouce.     If  the  obstruction 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


107 


«,11  not  dislodge,  nix  VA  teaspoonfuls  Fluid  Extract  of  Bella- 
do.nia  with  M  teacupful  melted  lard,  place  a  funnel  m  one  end  of 
,1 ,.  hose  pass  it  down  onto  the  ul^truction,  then  elevate  the  fun- 
nel and  Jx)ur  the  lard  mixture  into  it;  after  giving  the  mixture 
lime  to  run  down  onto  the  obstruction,  remove  the  probang  and 
wait  from  one-half  to  one  hour,  and  then  try  aRaui  to  dislo<lge 
,t  with  the  probang.     Never  use  any  hard,  stiff  body  for  a  pro- 

if  lower  in  the  throat  give  a  little  oil  carefully,  and  then 
manipulate  with  the  hand.  If  oats,  begin  at  lower  part  and 
sq„fe/e  off  a  little  at  a  time.  Continue  trying  for  an  hour  at 
kast  before  resorting  to  more  dangerous  modes  of  treatment. 
If  the  manipulations  fail,  then  the  probang  may  be  resorted  to. 
TlR.  lower  form  of  choke  can  only  be  treated  by  the  careful  use 
,,t  the  probang.  As  a  last  resort,  if  in  the  neck  region,  the 
Mibstance  is  cut  down  onto,  aiul  removed  through  an  opening. 
Avoiding  large  blood  vessels  and  nerves,  an  incision  is  made  down 
onto  the  top  of  the  obstruction,  the  opening  being  as  small  as 
Possible  and  aco.miplish  the  object.  When  done,  draw  the  ciit 
toRether  with  ca'gut  or  silk  and  dress  it  twice  a  day  with  Carbolic 

lotion;  ,     . 

CarbuHc  Acid 4  <lrachm.. 

Water '  P'"*- 

Feed  on  sloppy  diet  for  a  week  or  more.  A  vetennanan 
should  be  called  lor  .he  operation  and  in  all  severe  cases  where 
possible. 

DILATATION  OR  ENLARGEMENT  OF  THE 
ESOPHAGUS,  OR  GULLET.— 

Gw^e^  -Mostly  from  choking,  and  is  due  to  a  rupture  or 
-trLtrhing  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the  gullet,  allowing  the 
intrrTial  or  mucous  coat  to  form  a  pouch. 

Svmpioms. -Uor^  will  be  able  to  eat  a  few  mouthfuis  with- 
out apparent  distress;  ;hen  he  will  suddenly  paw,  contract  the 
muscles  of  his  neck,  and  eject  a  portion  of  the  food  through  nose 
or  mouth.  As  the  dilatation  thus  empties  itself  the  symptoms 
subside,  only  to  reappear  as  he  again  takes  solid  food;  or  each 
bolus  as  it  is  swallowed  may  lod^e  in  the  enlargement,  to  be 


'I 


108 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I' 


pushed  out  by  the  one  following;  In  this  case  a  Httle  preMtire  or 
a  swallow  of  %vutcr  causes  the  bulus  to  pass  on. 

Treatment. — 

Is  not  very  satisfactory;  a  drachm  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Bella- 
donna and  2  drachms  of  Alum,  f,vo  or  three  times  a  day,  may 
help. 

GOITRE,  OR  ENLARGEMENT  OF  THE  THYROID 
GLAND. — This  gland  is  situated  on  the  ^nder  side  of  the  neck, 
about  five  to  eight  inches  below  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw,  on 
each  side  of  the  windpipe. 

Cause. — The  cause  is  not  known 

Symptoms. — Gland  is  enlarged,  it  is  movable,  insensitive 
and  grows  slowly. 

Trbat.mk.nt. — 

Wash,  once  a  day  with  hot  water  and  soap;  then  when  dry, 
apply  the  Iodine  Ointment,  as  recommended  in  "Thickening  of 
the  Parotid  Gland."  One-half  drachm  of  Tincture  of  Iodine  can 
be  injected  into  tlie  enlarged  gland  with  a  hypodermic  syringe. 
Treatment  should  begin  early. 

SWELLING   AROUND   HEAD  AND    THROAT.- 

This  is  sometimes  uolici-d  when  a  horse  is  first  turned  out  to 
pasture  for  a  few  days,  and  might  be  thought  something  serious. 

Cavsc.—li  is  caused  by  a  tlow  of  blood  to  the  head  when 
horse  has  his  head  to  the  ground,  induced  by  the  change  cf  feed- 
ing from  a  manger  to  the  ground. 

5)7«/iA>wx.— There  is  apparent  swelling  around  jaws  and 
throat.  W'lien  examined  there  is  no  tenderness,  and  animal  is 
sound  in  every  other  way.  If  brought  in  and  fed  where  he  will 
hold  his  head  higher,  the  enlargement  disappears. 

Treatment. — 

In  many  cases  no  treatment  is  needed,  but  if  the  blood  is 
not  in  tlie  rigiit  condition,  give  him  a  few  doses  of  the  following. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 4  ounces. 

Sulphur 4      " 

Mix  and  give  I  tablespoonful  even-  night  and 
morning;  a  light  laxative  may  also  be  of  value. 


H 


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II 

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ill 

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N- *  o;  5  :; :;  q :;  i2  s  t 


DISK ASIv8  OF  THE  HORSB 


109 


DISEASES  OF  THE  STOMACH  AND 
BOWELS 


IMPACTION  OF  THE  STOMACH -STOMACH 
STAGGERS  GORGED  STOMACH  —  These  are  terms 
K'iven  to  Ua-  >l..iii.irl!  wlicii  it  i»  so  tlistendeil  with  fotnl  as  to  lose 
the  i)Ovver  of  coiitriiclinR  on  it»  contents. 

Cawiti— OverKi(liii«,  especially  after  a  lonj?  fast;  getting 
access  to  the  t;rain  hm  ami  eatiiij;  ravenously,  getting  into  grain 
field. 

5)'w/>Aw's-— Horse  beaMne!^  (lull  and  drowsy;  slight  colicky 
symptoms;  rarely  lies  down;  carries  his  luad  extende<l  and  low. 
nearly  to  the  sround  Dullness  increases,  eyes  partially  closed; 
vision  impaired;  presses  his  head  against  the  tnanger  and  sides  of 
stall;  paws  or  even  climbs  with  bis  forefeet.  Respiration  less 
freciucnt  than  in  health,  and  pulse  slow  and  sluggish,  Symptoms 
increase  in  severity;  he  Ijecomes  deliricnis;  covered  with  cold 
sweat;  trembles  violently;  sl()l)bers  or  vomits  a  sour,  fermenting 
mass;  staggers  from  side  to  siile  when  moved,  or  plunges  violently 
!i»)out  until  he  drops  dead.  Symptoms  resemble  somewhat  "mad 
•^^gers,'  but  if  one  gets  the  cause— ravenous  eating  after  a  fast, 
etc.— there  need  be  no  coiifounding  of  di.seases. 

Tri:atmknt. — 

Those  drugs  should  Ije  given  which  will  stimulate  the  stom- 
:.(li  to  activity.  Give  the  mixture  recommended  for  "Colic;" 
I.  jx-at  in  from  one-half  to  one  hour,  and  again  in  two  hours,  and 
tlun  once  in  three  hours.  If  suffering  is  intense,  give  from  3  to 
,S  grains  of  Morphine  and  repe.it  as  conditions  indicate.  Drachm 
doses  of  the  Fluid  ICxtract  of  Nux  Vomica  once  in  two  or  three 
lu.urs,  in  addition  to  the  colic  mixture,  is  good.  If  bloating  is 
present,  give  the  drugs  as  recommended  in  "Tympanites  of  the 
Stomach."  After  recovery,  give  for  a  week  or  two  the  tonics 
recommended  under  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

A  purgative  of  Barbadoes  Aloes  or  ^A  pound  of  Epsom  Salts 
should  be  given  after  the  acute  symptoms  have  passed.     If  colic  • 


-m 


IP 


§ 


■«  I 


I  IP  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

mixture  is  not  »t  baud,  stimulate  the  stomach  to  action  by  giving 
'/2  ounce  doses  Cayeuiie  Pepix:r  or  Jamaica  Ginger.    Injections 

into  the  rectum  of: 

Turpentine ••  2  ounces. 

Linseed  Oil ^ 

niav  stimulate  the  bowels  to  act,  and  thus  in  a  measure  relieve 
the  stomach.  Cold  applications  to  the  head  for  the  cerebral 
symptoms  may  be  of  benefit  in  some  cases. 

When  an  animal  overeats,  give  treatment  at  once;  do  not 
wait  for  -.ymi'.oms  to  appear. 

T.--:  ANITES    OF    THE    STOMACH  -  ACUTE 

INDIGxi^j  flON.  — This  disease  corresponds  to  "hoven"  or 
blown  in  cattle. 

Ca«i«.— Overloading  the  stomach  with  young,  succulent, 
growing  food;  overfeeding,  particularly  if  given  immediately 
before  or  after  hard  work.  Some  think  to  fit  their  horse  for  a 
hard  journev  bv  giving  an  extra  allowance  of  oats  or  other  food 
just  before  starting.  A  violation  of  any  of  the  correct  principles 
of  feeding. 

Sj»i/>/orts.— Horse  grows  dull  and  listless;  sweats  profusely; 
attempts  to  lie  down;  head  is  carried  forward  and  downward;  il 
checked  up,  is  heavy  on  the  reins;  stumbles  or  blunders  forward, 
and  sometimes  falls.  If  loiiked  at  carefully,  is  seen  to  be  unusually 
full  over  the  posterior  ribs;  flanks  may  also  be  distended.  On 
placing  the  ear  to  the  horse's  windpipe  a  distinct  metallic  sound 
can  be  heard,  as  of  air  rushing  througli  the  windpipe;  it  is  gas 
coming  up  through  tlie  gullet.  Such  cases  are  rapi.l  in  their 
course  and  often  fatal. 

Treatment.  — 

Must  be  prompt  and  energetic.     Give  the  mixture  recom- 
ineaded  for  "Colic"  and  in  addition  to  stop  the  bloating  give: 

HvTwsulphite  of  S<xla 4  ounces. 

Water J^  pint. 

Or:  ,     . 

Salicylic  Acid 4  dr.ichms. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil 4  ounces. 

Eepeat  in  one-half  hour. 


DISKASnS  OF  THE  HORSE 


III 


An  ounce  of  Turpentine  in  a  pint  of  Oil  is  helpful  in  case  of 
bloating  If  medicines  fail,  pass  one-half  inch  hose  into  the 
stomach  as  described  under  "Choking.-     Charcoal  in  large  doses 

K  good. 

After  the  acute  symptoms  have  passed,  giv--  Al.-,.:.-  ..r  Snlts 
as  in  preceding  disorder,  and  also  follow  with  tlu  digesti:.:  tome 

RUPTURE  OF  THE  STOMACH.— Th.  nu.-tly  ..ccurs 
m  the  result  of  engorged  or  tympanitic  stomach;  and  from  the 
l-.c.rse  throwing  himself  violently  when  so  affected.  It  may  result 
fr.mi  disease  (,f  the  coats  of  the  sK.mach,  gastritis,  stones  or 
calruli.  tumors,  or  anything  closing  the  opening  of  tlie  stomach 
,„t..  the  intestines,  and  from  very  violent  pulling,  or  jumping, 
after  Piiimal  has  eaten  heartily  of  bulky  food. 

Sympfoms.—hrii  not  constant  or  reliable.  Horse  will  sit  on 
haunches,  and  turn  up  his  nose,  as  in  "Colic"  or  "Enteritis:"  will 
try  to  vomit,  and  this  is  a  characteristic  symptom.  As  case  pro- 
gresses horse  will  often  stretch  forward  the  fore  legs,  lean  back- 
wards and  downwards  until  the  belly  nearly  touches  the  ground, 
and  then  rise  up  again  with  a  groan,  after  which  the  fluid  from  his 
nostrils  is  issued  in  increased  (luanlity.  Pulse  fast  and  weak; 
breathing  hurried;  body  bathed  in  clammy  sweat;  limbs  tremble 
violently;  hor.-,e  reels  and  staggers  from  side  to  side,  and  ulti- 
mately dies. 

Tki:at.mknt. — 

The  postmortem  reveals  the  exaci  condition.  Tliere  is  no 
ueatment  that  is  any  use  whatever.  There  is  a  possibility,  how- 
ever, of  a  mistake  in  diagnosis,  and  Powdered  Op.ium  in  i  drachm 
doses,  or  I  ounce  doses  of  Laudanum  may  be  given  every  two  or 
three  hours,  to  keep  the  stomach  as  quiet  as  possible. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  STOMACH— GASTRI- 
TIS.—This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  lining  of 
tlie  stomach. 

G?K5f.;.- Generally  due  to  mechanical  irritation,  or  to  giving 
irritant  or  corrosive  poisons  in  too  large  doses,  or  without  suffi- 
cient dilution. 


I  I 


m     i: 


% 

1 

^1 1 

'   I 

J 

ii 

112  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Sympfoms. — Are  not  well  marked;  there  are  febrile  symp 
toms,  tlie  temperature  ran>^in<;  fr-mi  1114  to  ifif->  desrees:  the  pulse 
is  rapid,  small  and  hard;  colicky  pains;  attempts  at  vDtnitiiig; 
intense  thirst.  When  ]irn(hucd  b_\-  jxiismis  theri.'  will  he  symp- 
toms referable  to  that  jiartieular  poison.  If  due  to  salts  of  I.ead. 
there  is  dilTicnlt  or  lahurcd  breathing;,  abdominal  pains,  paitial 
paralysis  of  extensor  muscles,  totterni.i;  .i;ait,  con\-ulsi<)ns  and 
death.  Gradual  lead  poisoning  would  differ  somewhat.  Out  ot 
condition;  loss  of  appetite;  starinj^  coat;  constipation;  watery 
swellings  under  the  jaws;  gray  or  blue  line  al<ing  the  margin 
of  the  gums;  progressive  paral\ -^is,  noted  at  first  in  anterior 
extremities;  colicky  ])ains.  Chronic  poisot.ing  tnay  be  expected 
where  horses  are  pastured  near  j)aint  works,  or  aiound  newly 
painted  buildings,  wliere  jiaint  kegs  are  left  in  the  fields,  where 
hordes  may  get  small  particles  of  lead  in  the  food,  where  soft 
water  run-^  througli  lead  pipes,  or  where  drinking  water  is  drawn 
from  cisterns  or  wells  containing  lead. 

Tki:.\tmi:nt. — 

If  from  acute  lead  ixjisoning,  give  30  to  60  drop;-  Sulphuric 
Acid,  well  diluted  with  water,  milk,  white  of  eggs,  oil-,  and 
Linseed  gruel  or  lea  If  chronic  from  gra<lual  lea<!  .isoning, 
give  I'.psom  Sails  in  from  '..  to  i  pound  doses.  Iodide  Potassium 
in  I  drachm  doses,  two  or  three  times  a  day  is  good.  If  not  due 
to  lead,  give  the  following: 

Morpliitie 3 ''»     5  Kn'i"-. 

Siibnitralc  of  Bi.--mutli 2  ih-.trhins. 

I.insci_a  Moal  r.ruil i   I'iiH- 

Givo  115  otii'  iloso;  ropo.it  three  to  live  tiiiie-;  .1 
day. 

Kggs  in  milk  are  also  good.     I'or  the  fever  give; 

Miiid  i:xtract  lieliadunna I  drachm. 

l-'luid   ICxtr.-ut  .\conite 10  drops. 

Saltpeter 2  draolmis. 

Gi\f  ill  the  gruel  three  or  t<mr  times  ,1  <l.iy. 

Give  water  in  small  .|uantities  freiiuently.     Follow  recovery 
with  the  tonics  as  in  prectding  disorders. 


4| 

^ 


I  1i 


I    5l      1; 


|i   '    f>i 


1  i 

\i  I 

I  il    ^ 


BOTS. 
(1)      BOTS  IN  THE  STOMACH  (2)      BOTS   IN  THE  DUODENUM. 


DISEASES   3F  THE  HORSE 


"3 


OTS.  —  The  common  gad-fly  (gastroplulus  equi)  attacks 
h  lS  in  sumtiier,  its  purpose  being  not  to  get  food  but  to  deposit 
its  egK"^  The  parts  selected  being  the  shoulder,  base  of  neck, 
luul  inre  legs,  especially  about  the  knees,  for  in  these  places  the 
li(,r-c  will  have  no  difTiculty  in  reaching  the  eggs  with  his  tongue. 
Wlieii  the  anim.d  licks  the  spots  where  the  eggs  have  been 
aiposited,  the  heat  and  inoisttue  hatches  them  out,  and  the  little 
l.dts  are  transferred  to  the  stomach,  where  they  attach  themselves 
to  the  coat  of  the  stomach  by  two  little  booklets  on  the  head, 
,111(1  there  remain  for  several  months  until  they  reach  their  growth 
a-^  liots;  they  sometimes  attach  themselves  at  other  points  along 
the  (Ii,L;estive  tract,  as  in  the  jih  irynx,  or  in  the  intes'tines.  When 
this  lime  arrives,  generally  in  tlie  early  spring,  they  let  go  their 
i!<,ld  and  are  carried  out  in  the  feces.  They  then  bury  them- 
selves in  the  earth  for  a  period  o{  six  or  seven  weeks,  and  finally 
(  merge  as  perfect  winged  insects  to  carry  forward  the  work  of 
'iepositing  e^gs.  They  have  no  month  parts  and  do  not  bite  the 
hnr.se,  and  yjt  they  cause  a  great  deal  of  annoyance. 

The  op  ni(  n  that  is  commonly  entertained  that  bots  cause 
colicky  pains  is  erroneous.  All  kinds  of  treatment,  varied  and 
heroic  has  l)een  resorted  to  by  horsemen  to  cure  the  animal  of  the 
so  called  ailment,  s.ich  as  slapping  the  horse  on  the  belly  to  make 
ihe  huts  let  go,  etc.,  but  the  universal  verdict  of  veterinarians  is, 
that  it  is  rare  that  l)ots  produce  any  appreciable  disturbance 
whatexer.  The  opinion  has  Vjcen  sometimes  given  out  in  a  case 
where  the  stomach  has  been  ruptured  through  distension  by 
vases,  bots  being  present,  that  "bots  have  eaten  through  the 
-t'liiiach."  Bots  in  ver  do  this.  They  might  be  in  such  numbers 
,is  to  slightly  interfere  with  digestion,  or  might  at  once  let  go  in 
such  a  mass  as  to  clog  the  opening  of  the  Ixjwels,  or  be  attached 
1,1  such  numbers  around  the  opening  ns  to  partially  clog  it,  but 
such  instances  would  be  rare  indeed. 


Treatment. — 

Prevention  is  the  best  treatment.  Keep  the  legs  and  shoulders 
free  from  the  eggs  during  svuumer  and  autumn.  Medicines  will 
not  loo.sen  them  from  the  stomach.  In  May  and  June  when  the 
lK>ts  loosen  their  hold  and  come  away  in  large  numbers,  remember 


114 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I   ;- 


m    !> 


it  is  the  natural  course  of  events,  and  that  the  animal  will  soon 
be  free  from  llicni.  Ordinarily-  it  is  not  necessary  to  even  remove 
the  e^gs,  but  when  present  in  lar^^c  nuinbeis  it  would  be  well  to 
wash  the  parts  once  o>-  twice  a  week  with  warm  soap  suds.  The 
warm  w  ater  will  hatch  the  bots  and  they  will  be  washed  ol!.  Hy 
exannning  the  egg'- with  a  hand  lens,  those  that  have  hatched  can 
he  recognized,  as  the  little  cap  at  one  end  is  oif. 

CHRONIC  INDIGESTION. -The  disturbances  of  diges- 
tion includeil  under  thih  head  are  not  so  pronounced  as  to  produce 
colic,  \et  as  lhi^  is  one  of  the  most  common  troubles  cf  the 
alimciilary  tract,  it  deserves  more  than  pa.ssing  attention. 

<";?w><. v.  — Improper  food  and  feeding  at  improper  times; 
irrei;uiar  or  decayed  teeth  ;  bolting  the  food  :  overeating  ;  too 
much  rough  food;  defective  secretions,  etc.,  are  causes  of  this 
disorder. 

Symptoms.  -  Ir.egidar  appetite,  refusing  food  at  times,  and 
eating  ravenously  at  others— eating  everything  within  reach. 
Appetite  is  al>o  depraved,  eating  unusual  things,  as  soiled  liedding, 
wood,  liis  own  feces:  bowels  irregular;  food  passing  with  but 
little  cliange— !j;rain  whole  and  hay  in  impacted  masses;  frequent 
passing  of  wind  with  a  sour  odor;  light  attacks  of  colic.  Animal 
loses  flesh;  -weats  easily,  tires  easily,  loses  spirits.  Skin  presents 
a  dry,  hard  appearance,  and  is  tight  (liide-bound).  Hair  is 
long,  harsh  and  rough.  If  all  or  a  part  of  these  simpioms  are 
present,  the  trouble  is  without  doubt  indigestion. 

Treatment.— 

First  look  to  the  cause  and  remove  it.  Give  water  to 
drink  before  feeding,  (kadually  change  the  feed  to  another 
kind,  and  give  the  Ixjst  of  food— feed  a  balanced  ration;  do  not 
overfeed,  and  do  not  allow  animal  to  eat  bedding  or  dirty 
food  of  any  kind.  If  in  season,  turn  out  to  grass  for  three  or 
four  months.  ICxamine  the  teeth  carefully,  rasping  down  or 
extracting  if  case  requires.  If  due  to  bolting  food,  feed  in  a  large 
manner,  where  the  grain  can  be  spread  so  thin  as  to  compel  horse 
to  eat  slowly.  Carrots,  turnips,  or  apples  are  good:  A  physic 
given  at  the  out>^ct  is  of  benefit— an  ounce  of  Aloes,  or  a  pint  of 


A     « 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 1 15 

I.inseed  Oil.  Give  regular  exercise,  but  do  not  overwork.  Use 
a  mixture  of  oats,  bran  and  linseed  .ntal,  instead  of  corn,  for  a 
Krain  ration;  clover  instead  of  timothy  hay.    Medicinally,  use  tlic 

following: 

Gentian 8  ounces. 

Hicarbonate  Soda S 

Nux  Vomica 4 

Arsenic •  «lrarhin. 

Mix  thorouRhly;  <lose,  tablespoon  level  full 
morninK  and  nixht  in  moisteneif  grain. 

At  noon  give  the  following: 

Sulphate  of  Iron 4  ounces. 

Saltpeter 4 

A/tA-  thnriiUK'lily;  dose,  tablespoon  level  full, 
given  in  moistened  grain  at  noon. 

In  some  cases  the  following  will  give  better  results  than  the 
Iron  and  Saltpeter  mixture,  and  can  be  used  instead: 

Nilrohvilrochloric  Acid I '2  ounces. 

Luiuid  Chloride  of  Iron i'i       " 

Water  to  innk-.; I      pint. 

/)osi\-   I  ounce  in  4  ounces  of  water;   give  in 
grain. 

Give  the  medicine  for  two  or  three  weeks,  withhold  a  week 
and  then  give  again,  continuing  in  this  manner  until  cured. 
These  cases  often  require  treatment  for  six  months  or  a  year. 

SPASMODIC,  OR  CRAMP  COLIC— The  name  given  to 
that  form  of  colic  produced  by  contraction  or  spasm  of  a  portion 
of  the  small  hitestines. 

Gztti«.— Indigestible  food;  sudden  changes  in  feeding,  or 
feeding  at  improper  times;  foreign  bodies,  as  nails  or  stones;  large 
drinks  of  cold  water;  driving  horse  through  deep  streams  in 
heated  condition;  cold  rains;  drafts  of  air;  worms,  etc. 

Sy»!f>fo/iis.— These  should  be  studied  carefully  in  order  to 
distinguish  from  other  forms  of  colic  requiring  quite  different 
treatment.  Spasmodic  colic  begins  suddenly;  if  feeding,  horse 
will  stop  abruptly,  stamp  impatiently,  and  look  backwards. 
Soon  shows  pain  by  pawing,  suddenly  lying  down,  rolling,  and 
getting  up.  Then  an  inter\'al  in  which  he  resumes  feeding.  In 
a  little  while  paius  return  and  are  iucreased,  only  to  pass  off  .or  a 


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n6 THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

time.  As  attack  progresses  the  intervals  of  ease  become  shorter, 
and  pain  more  intense.  Animal  will  throw  himself  down,  roll 
over  and  over,  jump  up,  whirl  about,  drop  down  again,  paw,  or 
strike  with  the  front  feet,  steam  and  sweat,  make  frequent 
atteTiipts  to  pas?  water,  and  |x-nis  partially  erected.  Only  a 
small  amount  of  water  is  passed,  as  bladder  is  so  frequently 
emptied.  The  pulse  is  about  normal  in  the  intervals,  but  runs 
up  during'  the  attacks.  The  temperature  remains  normal,  or 
nearly  so.  Pressure  on  the  bowels  seem  to  relieve,  which  is  not 
the  ease  in  inflammation. 

Tre.\tmen'T. — 

Give  a  roomy  box  stall,  bedded,  and  let  animal  maneuver  at 
will.  Do  not  run  the  animal;  a  little  walking  exercise  is  not 
hurtful.  Anti-spasmotics  are  indicated.  Give  i  ounce  Chloral 
Hydrate  as  a  drench  in  Vz  pint  of  water.    Another  good  remedy  is. 

Sulphuric  Ether [  ounce. 

Laudanum  j      <■ 

Linsci<1  Oil i^  pjnt. 

Still  another  is: 

A'<'"l>o' Jounces. 

Sulphuric  Ether j  ounce. 

I'luid  rCxtmct  Belladonna i  drachm. 

\^'"'<-'r y^  pint. 

A  favorite  remedy  with  many  is: 

Sweut  Spirits  Niter i  ounce. 

Laudanum |       ■■ 

^'"K'"'' I  tablespoonful. 

Haking  Soda j  •• 

^^'••it« I  pii.t. 

Mix,  and  pve  as  a  drench. 

The  following  is  also  a  good  colic  mixture: 

.Xroni.-itic  Spirits  of  Anunonia .^' ounce. 

Sulphuric  Ether ^      >• 

Fluid  Extract  Jaboraudi.. a  drachms. 

Fluid  Extract  Calibar  Bean ,K  drachm. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna i  drachm. 

Water  to  make t^  pint. 

Give  as  one  dose;  repeat  In  one- half  to  one 
hour  if  necessary,  and  again  In  an  hour  if  cir- 
cuiiihtancca  re<juire. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE  117 

If  any  bloating  is  present,  give  in  addition  the  remedies 
recommended  in  the  next  disorder. 

One-half  pint  Whiskey  in  hot  water  is  good  when  nothing 
else  is  at  hand.  C  oths  wrung  out  in  hot  water  to  which  a  little 
Turpentine  has  been  added  and  applied  to  the  abdomen  if  animal 
is  (juiet  enough,  will  be  of  use  in  severe  cases,  or  the  belly  may 
he  rubbed  with  stimulating  liniments,  or  Mustard  paste.  In- 
jection per  rectum  of  warm,  soapy  water,  or  salt  and  water, 
lukewarm,  and  from  3  to  6  (juarts  in  amount,  will  aid  in  the 
cure.  Repeat  in  one-half  hour  if  necessary.  Always  follow  a 
recovery  from  colic  with  from  a  pint  to  a  quart  dose  of  Raw  Lin- 
seed Oil.  And  give  the  tonics  as  in  "Chronic  Indigestion"  for  a 
week  or  two. 

FLATULENT  COLIC— TYMPANITES— WIND 
COLIC— BLOAT. - 

Caitsrs. — Sudden  changes  in  food;  too  long  fasting,  and  food 
S.;iveii  while  horse  is  exhausted;  large  quantities  of  green  food; 
sour,  indigestible  food;  irregular  teeth;  or  anything  that  produces 
uidigestion 

Syniptotiis. — Are  not  so  suddenly  developed,  nor  so  severe  as  in 
Spasmodic  or  Cramp  Colic."  Resembles  "Acute  Indigestion,' 
Hilly  the  seat  of  the  trouble  is  in  the  bowels  instead  of  the  stom- 
.ich.  At  first  horse  is  dull,  paws  sli<.;htly,  and  may  or  may  not 
lie  down.  Pains  are  continuous  from  the  start;  belly  enlarges,  and 
!)>•  striking  it  in  front  of  haunches,  a  drum-like  sound  is  heard, 
most  noticeable  on  the  right  side.  Symptoms  .t  aggravated  if 
not  relieved,  and  in  addition  there  is  difficult  breathing;  profuse 
sweat;  trembling  of  front  limbs;  sighing  respiration;  staggering 
:uid  death. 

Trk.xtment. — 

Give  the  "Colic"  mixture  the  same  as  in  "Spasmodic  Colic," 

and  in  addition  the  following  to  correct  the  bloating: 

Hyposulphite  of  Soda 4  ounces. 

Water >i  p>iat. 

Or; 

Salicylic  Acid 4  dradUQfl. 

Rs'w  T,fn=«v1  OU , %  pist 


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118 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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If  neither  of  these  are  at  himl,  i  ouno'  of  Turjieiitinc  m  a 
pint  of  ( )il  is  of  value;  repeat  these  in  aliuut  half  an  hour,  anc'. 
a^ain  in  an  hour  if  necessary. 

Oive  injections  per  rectum  and  n>e  applications  to  abilomen 
as  in  "Spasmodic  Colic.  " 

(jive  a  roomy  place,  hut  do  not  allow  hojse  to  throw  luniself 
violently;  if  he  lies  down  carefully,  let  him  do  ?.o  and  roll. 

If  the  medicines  do  not  sto]-)  tlu   bloating,  resort  to  tai)i)in^;, 

iisin^  the  horse  trocar  and  cannla.      Tap  in  the  ni^lit  llank  in  the 

center  of  the  trianijular  space  between  the  jniiiil  of   the  hi|)  ;md 

the  last   rib.     Wash  the  place    fir>t  with  Carbolic  Acid  solution; 

CarhoHc  Aciil \i  minco. 

W.iter I   Iiiiit. 

Also  wasli  the  instrument  m  the  >atne;  have  the  point  of  the 
troc;ir  sharp;  standini,'  well  forward,  place  the  injint  of  the  trocar 
at  the  right  place,  direct  it  downward  :ind  forward  and  press  it  in 
nearly  the  whole  len;.;th;  withdr;iw  the  tnjcar  and  the  ^'^s  will 
escape  through  the  cannla;  if  the  :.;as  does  not  come  out,  with- 
draw the  canula  part  way,  change  the  direction  and  insert  again. 
Leave  the  canula  in  until  .ill  the  ,gas  escapes.  If  necessary  to 
tap  a  second  time,  do  ■>o  a  little  to  one  side  of  the  other  place. 
After  removing  the  canula,  wash  the  place  with  the  Carbolic 
solution. 

Give  the  same  after-treatnuiit  as  with  "Spasmodic  Colic." 


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INFLAMM.xTION   OF   THE  BOWELS     ENTERI- 

TIS.--This  is  an  inllainmation  of  the  lining  of  the  bowels,  and 
may  extend  to,  and  involve  the  imiscular  and  even  serous  coats. 

Causes.  — VooA  that  has  sand  or  clay  in  it;  continuation  of 
colic;  corrosive  iK)isons;  exposure  to  colil  after  an  exhaustive 
drive;  driving  through  deep  streams  of  cold  water  when  heated; 
mu.sty,  l)ad  food;  and  over- feeding. 

Symptoms. — The  early  symptoms  resemble  those  of  "Colic," 
but  in  the  course  of  an  hour  or  two  the  following  will  be  noticed: 
Membranes  of  nose,  mouth,  and  eyes  are  congested  and  red- 
dened; mouth  hot  and  dry;  respirations  are  increased;  sweating; 
pulse  hard  and  rapid;  temperature  103  to  106  F.  This  distin- 
guishes it  from    "Colic."     Colic  pains  are   coutinuous.     Horse 


DISKASI'.S  Ol'  TllK  HOKSlv HQ 

walks  ilM)Ut  the  stall,  paws,  lies  down  carefully,  may  start  to  lie 
.'uwii,  j;ct  clown  part  way,  but  ^^-t  up  again,  and  when  down. 
ticinciitly  turns  luinsclf  upon  his  hack  hy  sitlc  <jf  stall  and  re- 
mains for  sometime.  Bowels  are  usually  slu.i,'Kisli  ''"'^1  inactive, 
unless  caused  by  irritant  food  or  uiediL-iues,  in  wliicli  case  purg- 
iiij;  or  hloatiuK  may  be  present.  The  liiKh  pul>e,  fever,  eon- 
tiMUons  pain,  which  i>  increased  on  ])ressure,  iiosilioii  of  Imrse 
wlicn  down,  coldne>s  of  ears  and  K^;"'.  etc.,  are  characteristics  of 
the  disease.  Duration  of  con. plaint  is  usually  fmm  ten  to  fifteen 
hours,  but  may  extend  over  a  h-nj^er  time.   Very  frc(iueutly  fatal. 

Tkkatment. — 

Give  every  three  to  four  hours: 

I'owdfrLtlDi'iuti I  to  2  (hachms. 

I'luid  lUtract  lVllail^)nii:i i  ilrachm. 

Fluid  ICxlr.ict  Aroiiile lo  lirojis. 

Sahiiettf 2  (Inclims. 

W.iUr 'A  pint 

Jl/ix  .Tiid  give  us  oiii-  dose. 

Or,  the  followiuK  may  be  used; 

Laudainiin 2  ouiu-es. 

I'luid  Extracl  Aconite  R.)Ot....  into  l,S  drops. 

Pakinu  Soda i  t.il)lcsp.>ouful. 

Fluid  Txtiact  Belladonna 1  drailini. 

J//.r  and  give  as  a  drench  in  ;i  pint  of 
water,  repeating  c\ery  twoor  three  lionrs  until 
ri  lie\ed. 

As  a  Mile,  purj^atives  and  injections  should  not  be  j;iven.  as 
the  l>owels  should  be  kept  (prct.  ISlankets  wrunj;  out  in  hot 
water  and  applied  to  the  billy,  and  covered  with  a  dry  blanket, 
changing  to  keep  hot,  are  ko'>'1;  or  stimulating  liniments,  or 
Mustard  paste,  rubbed  over  the  abdomen,  with  hot  salt  in  a  bag 
applied  over  the  kidneys,  will  be  of  benefit.  During  convales- 
cence give  linseed  tea,  oatmeal  gruel,  bran  mashes,  grass  if  in 
season,  avoiding  all  hard  indigestible  foods;  if  the  bowels  do  not 
act,  encourage  by  walking  exercise  and  injections  of  soapy  water 
in  rectum.  If  these  fail,  give  a  pint  of  I.inseed  Oil  and  repeat 
every  six  to  eight  hours  until  Iwwels  respond.  Use  the  tonic  as  for 
"Chronic  Indigestion"  for  a  week  or  two. 


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ISO  Tin.   PRACriCAI.  STOCK  DOCTOU 

PERITONITIS.— This  is  m  itinammation  of  the  liniiiR  of 
the  ahdoiiiiiKil  cavity,  and  ol  the  ouUr  cuVLrini;  of  the  li<jwel». 
Duration,  a  wi-ck  or  more,  but  may  kill  in  a  few  hours. 

C'rtw.vci.  —  Wounds  m  the  ahdiiuaii;  si.\xix'  Mows  or  kicks: 
castration;  ta{ii)in^  and  other  opi. rations  c■xIlo^nrcs  of  various 
kind- :  and  extension  uf  iuilammatiun  from  orgins  covered  by 
the  j<ritoneuni. 

Svmf>t'»ii^-  Oenerally  i>rcccded  l>y  a  Jull,  not  disivjsed  to 
move;  seems  stilT  and  -.>)re;  paws  with  front  teet,  and  strikes  at 
helly  with  hind  oias;  lie-  down  carefully,  hut  a>  i>ani  is  increased, 
remains  staiuliu:.;  im'-t  ot  linic;  constipated;  pn  >-^ure  on  helly 
Kive^  pain;  horse  will  Mte,  strike  or  kick,  if  ^o  dlNturhcd. 
Temperature  is  luLihcr  than  normal  lu',  to  ii'4  1'.;  pulse 
(luickeued-  70  to  i), .  a  minute.  ,iud  is  hard  and  wiry.  The  symp- 
toms resemble  ([uite  clo-,cIy  tho^e  of  '•Indamniation  of  Howels." 
If  extensive  is  generally  fatal;  if  death  does  not  occur  -oon, 
disease  may  asstnuc  a  chronic  form,  and  there  is  an  elfu->iou  of 
water  ill  tin  belly  cavity,  con-tilutin),^  what  i-.  kiiouii  .i--  a.-i.ilc:. 
or  dropsy  of  the  abdomen,  in  which  c,i>e  a  ba^i;y  condition  of 
the  abdomen  is  prcjduced. 

TkK.VTMKNT.— 

Give  from  i  to  2  (juiucs  of  Laudanum  every  luo  to  four 
hour>  to  allay  the  ii.iiii,  and  ab,o  the  following  to  control  the  in- 

fl.ninualioii; 

AU-.ilicl 4  ounces. 

Fluid  KxU.iil  i.f  .\>..nil< I  dridnii. 

Vluid  i:\lrait  .'f  r.cll.uUnina 1  ounce. 

S'lltpclor 2  ounces. 

Water  to  make I  pint. 

Slialie;  (lose.  2  oiurcs  three-  to  five  times  a.  day. 

If  the  tempcrnture  ,i;et>  high,  K've  one  drachm  of  Acetanilid 
and  ij<  ounces  of  Alcohol  in  'i  pint  of  water  twice  a  day.  I'se 
hot  applications  to  the  abdomen,  as  in  "Inflammation  of  the 
Bowels,"  also  the  liniment  or  Mustard  paste;  the>e  are  vei\  im- 
portant in  this  disorder.  If  the  animal  shows  a  desire  for  food, 
give  a  little  that  will  be  easily  digested.     After  two  or  three  days 

_      »  f    x^i     .:   1    T^--*., 4.    -f     T'\i*-^*.*1*ji   ■^.•♦l*     finr^V*    r1r»co 


I)Isi:as1';s  or  Tin-  horsiv 


131 


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..f  ilic  al><)\c  iiiixtnrt-.     If  tlio  di^cn'-t.'  fullnw^  ( ,istr.\(i<iii.  Hiisli  ntit 

ilu    wdiiml  \\e\\  two  ni   ihrtc  liims  a  <lay  witli  a  CarlKilic  Ai  id 

•  ■liitifni: 

C.'ii'Kilio  A(  ill }i  cmuc-e. 

W.itcr... I  I'llit. 

T'^o  i\  syi'iiinf  in  (ln--liinK  "Ut.  If  a  warliiij^  iult,  use  nlMiut 
Jill  ■fourth  the  aliuvf  dirt-  of  nudiiitif  iiittriialK  . 

I'sc  iiiji'itioiis  to  utihjud  the  1m)Wi!s  .mil  oil  to  nio\c  them 
I ! ! I r i IH5  coinaK>cci Rc . 

The  trealUKiit  in  la^e  the  sennii  collects  in  the  (■a\ilv  will  lie 
louiid  midcr  "Ascitis." 

IMPACTION  OF  THE  LARGE  INTESTINE.- 

This  IS  a  very  eoniniuii  troiihle  and  one  which  if  not  promptly 
recoRni/cd  and  treated,  results  in  death. 

S}tN/>/i>nis. — There  ate  nt  first  hli^ht  ahdotnin.al  pains,  re.seni- 
hlm^  mild  case  of  "Colic,"  which  may  disapjK'ar  for  a  time,  to 
n.ippoar  with  nion-  \iokiice;  feces  arc  passed  in  the  early  sta>;<.s. 
'..lit  in  smaller  <iu.iiititics  and  niorcilrs  ;  al" lumen  feels  full,  hut  not 
.!i--tendcd  with  >;a^;  horse  ]i.iws;iiid  locks:U  his  .sides.  A  striking; 
-\  mjitom  is  that  he  will  lie  llat  (.11  his  side,  head  and  le;;s  extended, 
hut  raises  held  toLiokat  tlaiiks,  and  remaiiiiu,^  ni  this  position 
from  five  to  fifteen  minutes  at  a  time,  seemingly  in  this  shajic 
easiest.  Tilts  up,  w.ilks  .ibotit  the  'tall,  paws,  looks  at  his  siiles, 
Kack.s  up  against  stall,  pressing  il  with  his  tail,  or  ruhs  his  tail,  (a 
very  characteristic  sympitom  1,  hut  .soon  lies  down  again.  Bowels 
cease  to  move  after  twenty-four  hours;  at  first  temperature  is 
normal,  hut  rises  as  inflammation  sets  in;  pulse  is  accelerated 
and  gets  harder  as  dis.,ase  advances.  If  not  relie\ed  horse  may 
live  a  week,  or  even  two  weeks,  hut  may  not  li\e  over  four  or 
live  days,  dying  as  the  result  of  infl.immation. 

Tkeat.mhnt. — 

Consists  of  iiioviii.g  the  l"»wels  and  pre\entiiig  inflammation. 
Give  the  following: 

.\li>i<; I  ounce. 

C.ilcini   i  I  iharhni 

C.ive  in  fnnii  of  a  pill,  oi  in  a  pint  of  Linseed 


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THE  PRACTICAT,  STOCK   DOCTOR 


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Also  give  the  "Colic"  mixture  three  or  four  times  a  day,  adding 
to  it  each  time  i  drachm  of  Fluid  Extract  Nux  Vomica.  Also 
give  two  or  tlirce  times  a  day  a  pint  of  raw  Linseed  Oil.  If  the 
dose  of  Aloes  does  not  act  in  the  course  of  thirty-six  hours,  re- 
peat, u>ing  three-fourths  of  the  dose,  or  give  three-fourths  pound 
of  I'.psom  Sails,  and  rei)eat  again  if  no  movement  is  prwluced  in 
thirty-si.x  hours  more.  Give  injections  per  rectum,  as  in  "Colic," 
re])eating  f(nir  or  five  times  a  day;  the  following  can  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  water  injection  once  or  twice  a  day. 

Turiientiiic i  ounce. 

( ',1  vcerinc 2  ounces. 

K.iw  I,iiistc<l  Oil  I  pint. 

Rubbing    or   kinadiiig    tlu-    belly,    and    the   application   of 

stimulating  liniments,  or  strong  mustard  water,  will  also  favor 

expulsion  of  feces.     If  pain  is  intense,  give  from  3  to  5  grains  of 

M(jrphine  three  or  four  times  a  day.     Give  occasional  walking 

exercise;  give  all  the  water  the  animal  will  drink;  scalded  oats 

or  bran  mash,  if  food  is  desired.     If  recovery  does  not  take  place 

in  the  course  of   four  to  six  days,  death  is  apt  to  result,  but  not 

necessarily  so.     As  a  last  resort,  20  to  t,o  drops  of  Croton  Oil 

may  be  given  in  a  pint  of  Linseed  Oil.     Follow  recovery  with 

digestive  tonics. 

DIARRHEA,  OR  SUPERPURGATION.— This  is  tbe 

opjxisite  of  constipati(ni. 

Causes.— V.atmj;  musty  or  moldy  food;  drinking  stagnant 
water;  bad  condition  of  teeth;  eating  irritating  substances;  being 
kept  in  low  marshy  pastures;  exjwsure  during  cold  nights;  low, 
damp  stables;  or  to  some  diseased  or  inflammatory  condition  of 
the  intestinal  canal,  or  some  of  the  internal  organs  attached. 
Some  horses  are  predisposed  to  it.  Superpurgation  is  from  an 
overdose  of  jihysic. 

Sy»//y/o»/s\ — l're(iuent  evacuations  of  liquid  manure,  with  or 
without  pain;  loss  of  appetite;  emaciation,  etc. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

At  times  this  is  simple,  but  requires  care  and  judgment.  If 
from  bad  food  or  conditions,  change  them.  If  from  some  irri- 
tation in  the  intestines,  give  a  pint  to  a  quart  dose  of  Oil,  and 


DISIvASES  OF  THEJIORSE 1^23 

the  trouble  will  jjenerally  disappear  with  tiie  operation.  If, 
however,  it  cotUinucs  give  scorched  wheat  flour  in  water,  starch 
water,  white  oak  bark  lea,  a  teaspoonful  of  Copperas,  or  yl 
draclim  doses  of  Sulphuric  Acid  iu  'A  pint  of  water  twice  or 
thrice  daily.  A  dose  of  i  drachm  of  Opium,  or  i  or  2  ounces 
of  Laudanum,  and  }<  ounce  Subnitrate  Bismuth,  repeated  three 
tiinJs  a  day,  is  very  good.  Where  there  is  no  reason  to  susix;ct 
irritation  the  following  will  be  found  beneficial: 

Tincture  Catechu i  ounce. 

(-jjjjrer 1  tablespooulul. 

Baking  Soda • 

J/i.v  and  give  in  i  pint  coffee  about  as  used 
at  the  table,  repeating  every  tour  and  live  hours 
until  relieved. 
If  other  remedies  fail  give  one  ounce  of  the  following: 

Corrosive  SuVjlimate .5  K'^aius. 

Water •   'A  P'"^- 

Repeat  every  two  hours  until  relieved. 

Give  water  to  drink,  but  in  small  quantities,  and  in  the  water 
put  a  handful  of  wheat  flour.  Follow  with  digestive  tonic  as  in 
•  Chronic  Indigestion." 

If  from  superpurgation,  give  flour  and  water  to  drink,  and 
if  this  does  not  check,  then  give  the  same  as  in  diarrhea.  In 
addition  to  this  give  Brandy  it.  2  to  4  ounce  doses  with  milk  and 
eggs  four  or  five  times  a  day. 

BLOODY  FLUX,  OR  DYSENTERY.— This  disease  is 
characterizetl  by  coflee-colored  or  bloody  discharges,  that  are  very 
offensive  in  odor,  and  are  passed  with  much  straining. 

Crt?<5«.— Most  conmion cause  is  keeping  young  horses  in  par- 
I'cuhir,  for  a  long  time  on  low,  wet  marshy  pastures  without  other 
Led;  exiwsure  during  wet  weather;  decomposed  foods;  stagnant 
water;  and  as  a  se(iuel  of  a  severe  attack  of  diarrhea. 

Sy)»ptoms.—  \  chill  is  the  initial  symptom,  but  this  may  pass 
unnoticed.  Discharges  are  offensive  and  licjuid,  with  shreds  of 
membrane  and  blcxnl;  much  straining;  horse  lies  down  a  great 
deal;  pulse  and  temperature  higher  than  nonuc:!;  may  or  may  not 
eat,  but  rapidly  loses  flesh  and  l)ecomes  a  sorry  looking  object 
Thirst  is  a  prominent  symptom. 


"4 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Trhatmknt.— 

Cure  and  feed  are  most  important  in  this  disease.  First  put 
in  dry,  warm,  well-ventilated  stable.  Give  Irequent  rubbings  of 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  blanket,  with  bandage  on  legs.  Water 
nnist  be  given  in  small  qnantities,  and  food  that  is  light  and  easily 
digested.  First  give  l4  to  i  pint  of  Castor  or  Linseed  Oil  and  2 
ounces  Laudanum.  F'ollow  this  with  the  same  treatment  as  for 
"  Diarrhea."     If  animal  becomes  weak,  give: 

Alcohol I  ounce. 

Fluid  Kxtrait  of  Bellailonna I  drachm. 

Water }i  pint. 

Give  as  one  dose;  repeat  three  tioies  a  day. 

Follow  recovery  with  the  digestive  tonics  as  in  "Chronic  In- 
digestion." 


••  -ig 


P 


TWIST  IN  THE  BO WELS  —  GUT-TIE— VOLVU- 
LUS.— These  are  terms  applied  to  the  bowels  when  twisted  or 
knotted. 

Cause. — An  tmcommon  accident,  and  rcsnlts  from  the  way  a 
horse  throws  himself  about  when  attacked  with  spa.sniodic  colic, 
or  sometimes,  perhaps,  in  rolling. 

Symptovis. — It  is  very  hard  to  be  sure  of  this  disease,  as 
symptoms  are  similar  at  first  to  impaction  of  the  bowels,  and  then 
to  inflannuation  of  the  bowels.  There  are  no  passages;  animal 
sits  on  his  haunches,  sweats  and  .seems  in  great  distress;  pulse 
grows  weaker  and  weaker;  there  is  slight  bloating;  bowels  be- 
come inflamed  where  twist  is,  and  death  results. 

Tre.\tmknT. — 

If  sure  of  the  case,  little  can  be  done  but  to  make  animal 
easy  by  giving  Powdered  Opium  in  1  to  2  drachm  doses  every 
three  or  four  hours,  or  in  place  of  this,  I  ounce  of  Laudanum 
every  hour  or  two.  In  rare  instances  bowel  rights  itself  and 
animal  recovers. 


INTUSSUSCEPTION,  OR  INVAGINATION.—TUis 

is  the  slipping  of  a  ixjrtion  of  the  intestine  into  another,  like  a 


DISEASES  OF    -HE  HORSE 


«25 


|),irtially  turned  glove  finger.  It  may  oci  nr  at  any  part  of  the 
l>u\vel,  hut  is  most  common  in  the  small  intestines,  or  where  the 
Muall  intestine  empties  into  the  large  intestine. 

Causes.— lilosl  likely  to  occur  in  horses  that  are  suffering  from 
'pasm  of  the  bowel^i,  or  where  a  small  portion  of  gut  is  paraly/ed. 
May  also  occur  in  any  abdominal  trouble,  as  "Diarrhea,"  "In- 
'lammation  of  the  Bowels,"  etc. 

Symptonif. — There  are  no  characteristic  symptoms;  in  some 
cases  none  except  constipation.  Colic  pains,  more  or  le»s  severe, 
with  no  passages  of  dung,  are  observed.  Severe  straining  is  some- 
times noted;  as  disease  advances,  profuse  sweat,  sighing,  anxious 

•uuntenance,  and  cold  ears  and  legs  are  attendant.  In  some  cases 
the  part  slipped  into  the  other  sloughs  off  and  is  passed  out  in  the 

iung.     The  parts  make  a  new  union  and  hor.sc  recovers. 

Treatment. — 

As  tlie  case  cannot  be  definitely  diagnosed,  the  .same  treat- 
ment as  for  "Impaction  of  the  Intestines,"  or  "Inflanmiation"  is 
ii>c(l,  but  the  treatment  is  unsuccessful,  the  animal  "ying,  and  a 
postmortem   reveals  the    true  condition. 

BALLS  FOUND  IN  THE  BOWELS— INTESTINAL 
CALCULI.— These  are  generally  found  in  the  large  bawels, 
though  they  may  be  found  sometimf^  in  the  small  intestines. 
May  weigh  from  i  to  lo  pounds;  be  single  or  multiple,  aud  differ 
imich  in  make-up  and  appearance.  Some  are  soft,  some  porous, 
and  some  hard  and  stone-like.  Hair  balls,  so  common  in  cattle, 
are  rare  in  horses. 

Causes. — Feeding  sweepings  of  a  mill  floor;  swallowing  nails, 
;)ieces  of  wood,  or  something  of  that  kind.  On  some  of  these 
foreign  bodies,  as  a  nucleus,  layers  are  formed  around  until,  in 
'ome  instances  they  reach  very  large  sizes,  and  obstruct  the 
t)owels,  causing  inflammation  and  death. 

Symptoms. — Are  those  of  obstruction  of  the  bowels.  There 
are  no  characteristic  symptoms,  but  some  weight  is  given  to 
symptom  of  sitting  on  the  haunches,  like  a  dog,  though  this 
occurs  in  other  diseases. 


r 


4 


%     I 


t2fi 


THI'   PRACTICAU  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


Trkatmknt. — 

In  first  symptoms,  give  a  Rood  dose  of  physic,  and  follow 
with  treatment  as  for  "  Impaction  of  the  Intestines,"  and  incases 
where  the  dise;.se  is  suspected,  <jil  hand  and  pass  it  into  the  rec- 
tum, :ind  if  ball  is  found,  remove  it  with  the  hand.  Postmortem 
reveals  the  true  condition. 

TUMORS  OR  ABSCESSES  IN  THE  RECTUM,  OR 
BACK  BOWEL.- 

Causes.—l'Tom  constipation;  or  from  injury  to  parts  in  treat- 
ment. 

Symp/oms.— Are:  most  marked  when  passing  manure.    There 
is  severe  pain  in  passing,  and  in  some  cases  horse  will  lie  down 
on   account  of  distress.     If  tumor  or  abscess  is  large,  there  will 
be  straining;,  but  no  passages. 
Trk.vtmknt.— 

If  there  is  an  abscess,  and  examination  shows  it  is  ready  to 
open,  do  so,  UMH-  a  small  knife  or  lance,  allowing  matter  to 
eseaiK\  If  a  tumor,  and  can  be  reached,  remove  by  cutting  it  off. 
The  .'ifter-treatment  is  to  give  raw  Linseed  Oil,  and  feeduig 
l,,nle.l  naxseed  in  the  feed  to  keep  the  bowels  loose.  A  veteri- 
narian l)est  be  employed  for  the  oi)crations. 

PROTRUSION  OF  THE  RECTUM,  OR  BACK 
BOV/EL.— 

r(r7/5«. ---Jumping  fences  and  getting  half  w.iy  over;  from 
.-.cessive  bloating  in  '•  Wmd  Colic-;'  from  "Diarrhea;"  and 
straining  in  "Consjpation."  Also  occurs  in  foalinu  and  in  cas- 
tration of  an  old  stallion. 

Sywptoms.     Ar^  obvious;  large  red  tumor  at  anus. 

Tkk.-vtment. 

Wash  bowel  with  cold  water;  place  a  twitch  on  the  horse's 
nose,  and  have  front  leg  held  up  so  he  cannot  kick;  oil  the  bowel 
with: 

Olive  Oil 3  ounces. 

LauUanum '  «""<:e. 


DISK  ASKS  OK  THlv  IlORSK 


127 


Commence  returning  the  bowel  at  the  anus,  and  gently  re- 
turn it;  shove  the  parts  well  back  in  with  hand  and  arm,  and 
have  some  one  hold  liis  tail  down  tight  for  an  hour  or  more,  or 
until  lie  stops  s;raining,  after  the  bowel  is  replaced.  It  is  well, 
also,  to  have  hind  parts  raised  by  straw  or  boards  under  the  hind 
feet.      Give  the  following  to  move  bowels  and  relieve  l)ain: 

Raw  Linseed  Oil i  <niiirt. 

LauiUimiiii I  ounce. 

Shake  together. 

Feed  .soft  food,  with  boiled  Linseed  Meal  in  it  to  keep  bowels 

loose.    Give  3  to  5  grains  of  Morpliine  and   i   drachm  Fluid  Iv.x- 

tract   Belladonna  three  or  four  times  a  day  to  stop  straining. 

Also  prepare  the  following: 

Alum ;i  ounce, 

Laudanum I 

Warm  water I  pint, 

And  inject  into  tlie  rectum  three  times  a  day.      If  caused  by  con- 
stipation, treat  as  for  that  disease. 

PILES— HEMORRHOIDS.  Not  a  -conunon  conditicm, 
but  sometimes  occurs. 

TrtW-w.  "Constipation,  irritation  or  injuries,  or  from  severe 
straining  in  dysentery. 

Sympioiiis.  -After  maiuiring,  bright  red  irregular  tumors  are 
seen  in  rectum.  They  may  be  visible  at  all  times,  or  be  seen 
when  horse  is  down. 

Tkeatmk.n-t.-- 

Atlention  hould  be  paid  to  l)owels;  they  should  be  soft,  but 
purging  should  be  nvoideil.  If  tumors  protrude,  wash  them  with 
warm  water  i  pint,  A:uni  2  ounces,  and  then  return  them.  Inject 
'lie  same  solution  into  the  rectum.  Give  the  animal  the  digestive 
Hmics  as  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 


ASCITES.— This  is  a 

It  may  be  clear,  but  gen- 


DROPSY  OF  THE  BELLY 

collection  of  liquid  in  the  belly  cavity, 
erally  is  yellowish  or  reddish  in  color. 

Causes. — Generally  a  result  of  other  diseases,   as  acute  or 
chronic  peritonitis,  and  diseases  of  liver  and  kidneys. 


ii 


,28  Till':  I'KACTlCAl,  STOCK  DOCTOR 

i>//)/.w,v.-  Slik'lit  te.uk  riR»  on  pressure;  awkward  Rait  in 
hind  le.u^.  Horse  is  *lull  and  may  have  ^ll,i^hl  colic  pains,  shown 
by  look  ins  hack  and  stiikinj;  belly  with  hind  feet.  Howels 
aitcrnalelv  c<.M^tipaled  and  loose,  hnl  diarrhea  aljast.  15y  tap- 
ping on  the  hellv  and  sides,  there  is  a  dull  sound,  and  .1  extends 
to  sune  heislu  «>n  hoth  sides.  Hy  sud.lenly  striking;  or  pushinR 
the  hellv  the  sound  of  liquid  can  he  heard.  In  advanced  case.s 
the  horse  becomes  potd.ellied,  and  dropsical  swelhuRS  are  seen  on 
belly  and  le,i;s. 

Kncourage  appetite  by  KiviuR  the  best  of  food  to  eat,  and 
gentle  exercise.     Then  give  the  following: 

I.-lui.l  Kxtn.ctof  DiKit.lis  6  dnid.ms. 

riui.l  1- vtract  of  Nux  Votiii>-.i I'A  ounces. 

Io.li.le  of  rot.ish I  ounce. 

Nilrate  <.f  I'oUi^U 3  ""i^fs. 

Water  to  u.akc '!>'"»• 

t^li.kf.     Do^e,  1  ounce  three  tinu.s  a  day. 
m  <^cvere  cases  tapping  is  resorted  to  by  pu.tcluriug  the  floor 
of  the  abdominal  wall  with  a  small  trocar  and  canula  and  allow- 
in-  the  nuid  to  How  otT;  but  this  calls  for  '.he  Services  of  a  veter- 
inarian, if  one  can  jiossibly  be  secured. 

LONG  ROUND  WORMS  (LUMBRICI).-This  is  a 
xvorm  that  u.t.sts  chiedv  the  small  intesth.es,  aud  is  much  hke 
the  common  earth  or  angle  worm  in  appearance,  except  it  is 
uhite  to  reddish  in  coh.r,  and  in  length  varies  from  tour  to  twelve 

inches.  . 

W//./^.«.-.-Colic  pains  are  noted  at  times,  or  there  maybe 

switching  of  the  tail,  frequent  mannnng,  slight  straining,  itching 
of  the  anus,  and  rubbing  tail  or  rump  against  stall  or  fence;  c^'i- 
deiices  of  indigestion;  is  in  poor  condition;  does  not  shed  his 
coat-  is  hide-bound  and  pot-bellied,  appetite  i>  depraved  an. 
horse  is  licking  walls,  eating  earth,  and  is  particularly  fond  of 
salt.  Bowels  irregular;  rubs  nose  against  walls  or  stall  as  though 
it  itched;  a  characteristic  x\hilish  mold-like  substance  below  the 
anus  The  best  evidence  is  worms  iu  the  manure  that  is  passed. 
Only  part  of  these  symptoms  will  be  present,  except  m  bad  cases. 


I 


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■v/ 


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■«i'^-.iiy4'&.--. 


^^^ 


Oryuris  curvaln . 


SdartatoTncL  armaiu/nx 


II 


S  I. 

i 


i  l 


=1 


/  ^ 


Spyopteroy  microstoma^. 


^Iscaris  rnajnlocfphala^ 

niTHSTlWAI.  WORMS 


y  i  i 


DISK  ASKS  OF  THl':  HORSK i£9 

Treatment.— 

Give  the  follow  itiR: 

Tuqientine »  ounce. 

Raw  Unseed  Oil •  P>nt- 

Shake  tomllnr. 

Repeat  Oil  and  Turpentine  every  second  day  for  a  week. 
Give,  in  addition,  i  teaspoonful  of  a  mixture  of  ajual  parts  of 
Sulphate  of  Iron  and  Sulphate  of  Copixr  in  feed  twice  a  day. 
.\fter  a  week  or  two  of  above  treatment  withhold  and  give  the 
digestive  tonics  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion,"  contin- 
uing thera  as  case  re<iuires,  or  returning  to  above  treatment  after 
two  weeks. 

PIN  WORMS.— These  are  transparent,  thread-like  worms, 
measuring  about  one  to  two  inches  in  length,  found  mostly  in  the 
large  intestines. 

Syinptoms.—hxc  a1)out  the  same  as  with  long  round  worms, 
L  xcept  the  size  of  worm  pa.ssed. 

Treatment. — 

The  same  as  in  the  previous  disorder.     Also  inject  into  the 

rectum  the  following: 

Copperas «  "unce- 

Water 3  quarts. 

Repeat  every  secDnd  or  third  day. 

TAPE  WORMS.— These  are  white,  tape-like  worms,  six 
inches  to  a  foot  in  length,  made  up  of  a  large  number  of  segments. 
They  rarely  infest  the  horse,  but  are  occasionally  present.  They 
take  up  their  abode  in  the  small  intestines. 

Symptoms— Pixe^  the  same  as  those  produced  by  other  worms, 
except  the  small,  flat  segments  of  the  worm  are  found  in  the 
droppings. 

TKKATMKNT. — 

In  addition  to  the  treatment  given  for  the  other  worms,  give 
the  following,  after  fasting  the  horse  for  from  twelve  to  eighteen 

hours:  ...  .»        „ 

Areca  Nut  (powdered) J6  ounce. 

OilMaleFem 2  drachms. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil 'A  P»nt- 

Follow  this  in  two  or  three  hours  with  three-fourths  of  a 

poimd  of  Epsom  Salts,  after  which  feed  as  usual.     Repeat  treat- 

aient  in  a  week  if  necessary. 


I30 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVER  AND  SPLEEN 


CONGESTION  AND  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE 
LIVER. — Those  two  diseases  arc  s(J  nearly  alike,  ha\  iii)^  same 
causes,  symptoms  and  treatment,  that  they  arc  incliuled  under 
one  head. 

Causes. — Usually  from  the  stinuilatiiij;  effects  of  overfeeding, 
particularly  during  hot  weather,  with  too  little  exercise.  May 
also  be  caused  by  itijuries  over  the  liver;  from  foreign  il)stances, 
or  from  worms  in  the  liver;  or  from  extension  of  innamnuition  from 
iieighlx>ring  parts. 

Symptoms. — Dullness;  horse  suffers  from  internal  pain,  but 
not  of  severe  type;  constipation  and  clay-colored  dung-balls, 
scanty  and  high-colored  urine,  with  general  fever  symptoms; 
when  lying  down  is  usually  on  left  side;  looks  occasionally  at  the 
right  side;  there  may  be  .slight  enlargement  over  the  liver,  and 
pain  is  evinced  on  pressure;  horse  may  be  lame  in  his  ofl  front 
leg;  lining  of  eyes  and  mouth  are  yellow  as  in  "Jaundice." 

Treaymhnt. — 

If  animal  is  in  good  condition  give: 

Aloe.s S  (Irarhins. 

Sweet  Spirits  Niter i  ounce. 

Laudanum i      " 

Mix  and  kivo  in  l  pint  of  water  as  a  drench. 

Apply  a  Mustard  plaster  well  rubbed  in  on  the  under  part  of 
the  belly,  and  clothe  body  well  according  to  the  season  of  tl^ 
year.     Follow  drench  with  the  following: 

I'"luid  Extract  of  Bell.adonna I  ounce. 

Icxlide  of  Potash i  ounce. 

Saltpeter s  ounce.''. 

Water  to  make i  pint. 

Dose:  2  ounces  in  Yi  pint  of  water  three  or 
four  times  a  day.  After  using  for  two  divs 
withhold  for  two  days  and  then  give  again  if 
necessary.  Give  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter 
three  times  each  day  the  prescription  is  witb> 
held. 


ulSlvASKS  OF  THI-   IIORSK 


«3» 


Feed  very  sparingly  on  light  feed,  and  keep  1)0\vl1s  active  by 
ii^e  of  oil.     Kxercise  as  sixm  as  acute  symptoms  arc  over. 

YELLOWS— JAUNDICE-ICTERUS.-This  is cm><<\ 
Uy  the  al)Sorplion  of  the  bile  into  the  blood.  It  is  one  of  the  iiio^t 
common  diseases  of  the  liver. 

Catt5«.— From  inflannii  ition  of  the  liver;  from  gall  stones 
ntopping  passage  leading  from  liver  to  the  bowels. 

Symptoms. — Lining  membrane  of  mouth,  nose  and  eyes  arc 
yellowish  instead  of  pale  pink;  urine  is  saffron -colored;  dung  i>  a 
Jirty  gray  color,  and  ;;oiistipation  generally  present.  In  white 
or  light-colored  horses  the  yellow  color  shows  in  the  skin;  'Am 
symptoms  of  indigestion. 

Trratmknt.— 

In  springtime  turn  out  to  grass,  and  that  will  usually  effect 
n  cure.  If  this  is  not  feasible,  or  not  in  season,  give  Calomel  2 
drachms,  and  Aloes  7  drachms,  as  a  drench,  or  in  the  form  of  a 
ball.  Then  follow  this  treatment  with  the  mixture  as  recom- 
mended for  'Inflannnation  of  the  Liv  r;"  also  give  a  l.easp<x)n- 
ful  of  Fluid  Kxtract  of  Nux  Vomica  three  times  a  day. 
rdauber  vSalts,  in  handful  doses,  once  or  twice  a  day  for  a  week  is 
said  to  l)e  an  effective  remedy  for  jaundice.  Keep  the  bowels 
Dlien  with  soft  foods  and  pint  doses  of  raw  Linseed  Oil. 

OTHER  LIVER  DFSORDERS.— While  thers  are  other 

than  these  three  di.sorders  alTecting  the  liver,  the  symptoms  are  -o 

iinilar  that  diagnosis  is  more  or  less  uncertain,  and  the  Ireal- 

nient  for  all  is  practically  tlie  same  as  for  the  tliixe  already  given. 

All  liver  disorders  need  to  Ije  followed  for  some  time  with 

ilic  digestive  tonics. 

DISEASE  OF  THE  SPLEEN.— \^'hile  the  spleen  is 
sometimes  diseased,  the  symptoms  are  so  obscure  and  so  like  those 
of  other  disorders  that  it  is  iiiiixissible  to  diagnose  the  troubles 
with  any  rfccTPe  of  certainty.  Occasionally,  upon  postmortem,  we 
find  tile  organ  greativ  enlarged  and  otherwise  affected;  but  aside 
from  this,  scientific  knowledge  is  too  meager  to  attempt,  any 
popular  discussion. 


IM 


lAr-- 


-V, 


ilJJ^iV-    ^r^ 


ty 


run  PRACTICAF.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


DISEASES  OF  1  HE  URINARY  ORGANS 


The  urinary  organs  of  t.  e  horse  are  not  nearly  as  oflci- 
afTwtwl  with  ili.M.ase  as  niOMt  people  think.  The  remark.  "Tlu 
water- work.-i  are  wrong,"  h  nearly  ahvay;*  wrong;  and  yet  the 
organs  are  jkimetimes  diseased,  the  following  disorders  benig  tht 
most  commnn: 


ACUTE  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  KIDNEYS- 
NEPHRITIS. 

Ctiiisrs. — Exposure  to  cold,  or  cold  rain  storms:  lying  on  the 
ground  when  cold  and  damp;  giving  larg"  qnarUitiesof  mediiinLM 
tliat  acton  the  ki<lneys;  from  carrying  too  great  weight  on  the 
hack;  from  violent  efforts  in  racing;  or  very  severe  strains  of 
the  hack.     Not  a  common  di.sorder. 

Syvifyfoms — More  or  lc.s.s  fever,  pulse  accviLrated,  temperature 
elevated;  uianitest  stiffness  of  the*  hack;  straddhng  gait  with  the 
hmd  legs;  ditliculty  in  lying  down  and  rising,  or  walking  in  a 
circle,  the  animal  sometimes  groans  in  the  effort;  arching  of 
V.>iiis  .111(1  tuckin.;  up  of  (l.inks;  looknig  back  at  the  alxlomen,  as  in 
"Colic."  tciukrin.s,'^  of  loin  when  pinched,  especially  just  iK-iicith. 
the  !'oiiy  pr<)ces.-ies  six  inches  to  one  ,Mde  the  median  line.  Urin- 
ates fre'i'K'iitly,  Imt  small  quantity  and  of  a  high  color,  stjine 
tim^s  .mixed  with  blcMxl  or  even  pus.  Lcg.i  tend  to  swell  froir. 
feet  up,  al.-u  uepend(;nt  parts  beneath  belly  and  chest,  and  effusiji, 
of  liquid  niav  occur  in  chest  or  abdomen.  In  ihe  male  the  aUei 
fiate  drawing  up  a.id  relaxing  of  tlie  teM.icles  in  scrotum  are  sug- 
£;estive,  and  in  small  horses  the  oiled  hand  may  be  introduce.; 
ihrough  the  rectum,  the  kidneys  reached  and  their  sensitiveness 
ascertained. 

Treatment- — 

Give  from  i  pint  to  a  qtiart  of  raw  Unseed  Oil  and  % 
•Irachias  of  Aloes,  aad  keep  the  bowels  active  by  giving  a  pint 


DISI'AvSKS  OF  THlv  HOR.SK  133 

•  ir  more  of  oil,  and  3  to  4  outicis  rjKotii  Salts  daih  ;  also  im  tlit- 
i.illdwing  to  rcditcc  the  fever 

IHiiJil  l!»tract  Ao.nitc. i  ilrarUiu. 

riuiil  r.xtract  r>fll  itloim.i i  niiiict: 

I,i<|ii<>r  Amnionic  Ai<tAtis 4  uiiiii'fi. 

Waier  to  iiial  e I  j.iiit. 

Dose:  J  ounces,  tlirn-  ti>  Cwk  tliius  .1  (lay 

If  the  fever  runs  lii>;h,  Kive  1  draehiu  ol  Acetaiiilid  and  an 
MiiiKx-  of  Alcohol  in  I2  pint  of  water,  nioniiiu;  and  evenin^;. 
Aj.ply  to  ilie  loins  a  blanket  wrnnj;  'iiit  of  hot  water;  have  the 
M.iiiket  as  hot  as  the  animal  will  stand;  rover  this  first  with  a 
ruliher  blanket,  and  then  with  a  dry,  woolen  bl.iiiket;  this  retains 
the  hiat;  c:hana;e  every  half  hour;  continue  the  applications 
throiiL;h(>ut  thi'  entire  day;  at  iiij;ht  api>!y  a  j,'ood  stimulating 
liniment,  or  a  Mustard  pla>ter.  Re{H.at  the  hot  blankets  each  day 
until  recovery  is  well  advanced.  Injections  j>er  rectum  of  about  4 
'luarts  of  water,  at  a  temperatnre  of    115  de>;rees,  repeated  three 

•  r  lour  times  a  day  are  of  value.  If  the  animal  desires  food,  give 
a  li^,dit,  easily  digested,  laxative  diet;  grass,  if  in  season,  if  not, 
liraii  mashes  and  a  little  clover  hay.  Keep  the  animal  warndy 
Manketetl  and  gr<x)m  daily,  rubbing  the  skin  thoroughly  with 
I. rushes  or  straw.  Give  thin  linsec-d  gritel  in  place  of  water  for 
ilriiik. 

CHRONIC  INFLAMMATION  QF  THE  KIDNEYS.- 

Causes. — It  may  result  from  blows,  injuries,  or  from  ex- 
{)osure,  but  is  morecommoidy  associated  with  faulty  condition  of 
tile  system — as  indigestion,  heart  disease,  linig  or  liver  disea.se, 
iiiijterfect  blood  formation  or  a.ssimilation. 

Svniploms. — There  is  stiffness,  weakness,  and  increa.scd  ten- 

•  krness  in  the  loins,  and  changed  secretion  of  the  urine  (increa.se 
or  stipi)refision),  or  the  flow  may  l)e  natural.  Drojisy,  showing  in 
^welle*!  legs,  is  a  significant  symptom,  and  if  the  condition  takes 
I'lace  along  the  lower  line  of  the  body  or  in  chest  or  abdomen, 
'l'..-  significance  is  increased.  Scurfy  skui,  lustcrless  hair,  loss  of 
Hi^li,  softness  of  mu.scles,  and  pallor  of  nose  and  eyes  are  all  sug- 
^'t^tive  of  the  disease  The  finding  of  albumen  in  the  urine 
Would  determine  thec.i--e.     To  detect  this  boil  a  little  urine  and  if 


i    : 


134 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


it  becomes  cluudy  and  filkd  with  particles,  when  cool  add  a  little 
Nitric  \vu\;  if  the  cloudiness  does  not  clear  up  it  is  albumen,  if 
it  lines  it  is  not. 

Trkatmi.nt. — 

Give  I  i>int  of  raw  Unseed  Oil  ns  a  drench,  and  kccji  bowels 
loose  V  repealed  doses  daily;  give  a  teaspooiiful  of  I-"inid  Ivxtract 
of  Ik'llailonna  three  times  a  day.  Give  laxative  food.  Applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  as  in  "Nephritis,"  are  good.  Give  the  Gentian 
and  Nnx  Vomica  mixture  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indiges- 
tion;" omit,  however,  the  Saltpeter  and  Iron  mixture  until  aftei 
the  animal  is  much  improved,  and  then  use  it  carefully. 

I'Aery  attention  must  be  given  in  the  way  of  warm  blanket- 
ing, a  warm  stall,  and  pure  air,  along  with  good  feed. 

DIABETES   INSIPIDUS-PROFUSE   STALING.— 

This  consists  of  an  excessive  passing  of  clear  watery  urine,  with 
a  correspt)nding  ardent  thirst. 

Ciji/ses. — Excessive  and  long  continued  use  of  medicines  that 
stimulate  the  kidneys;  acrid  diuretic  plants  in  grass  or  hay;  an 
excess  of  roots  and  other  watery  food;  feeding  hay,  grain  or  bran 
that  has  become  musty.  It  is  most  common  in  wet  season  when 
it  is  difTicult  to  properly  harvest  hay  and  grain. 

Symptoms. —  There  is  excessive  thirst,  and  horse  drinks 
deeply  on  every  occasion,  and  passes  urine  at  every  opportiniity, 
the  discharge  being  pale,  water\-,  of  l(nv  density  and  inodorous. 
ICmaciation  and  hide-bound  soon  follow.  The  eyes  become  dull 
and  sunken:  hnv  sjurited;  sweats  on  slightest  exertion,  and  can 
endure  but  little  work.  Horse  is  inclined  to  lick  the  walls  and 
mortar  to  get  lime,  and  appetite  is  depraved. 

Tkk.vtmknt.— 

First  remove  cause  if  it  can  be  discovered,  whether  drug?, 
poisons  or  food,  and  supply  only  sound,  woU-cured  hay  and  grain. 
I'nt  a  liberal  supply  of  boiled  flaxseed  in  the  drinking  water  to 
help  carry  out  poisons  and  protect  irritated  kidneys.  Dissolve  i 
ounce  of  Iodide  of  Potash  in  a  pint  of  water;  give  2  ounces  of 
this  solution  four  times  a  day  for  two  days;  withhold  for  two  of 


m^t^K^mmm^i 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


135 


diree  days  and  give  again  if  necessary.  One-half  ounce  doses  of 
tliL  I'luid  lixtract  of  Ergot  three  times  a  day  will  be  of  value. 
Also  give  the  Gentian  and  Nux  Vomica  mixture  as  recommended 
for  '  Chronic  Indigestion."   Omit  the  Iron  and  Saltpeter  mixture. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BLADDER— CYSTI- 
TIS.— May   be  slight   or  severe,  acute   or   chronic,  partial  or 

jRiieral. 

Causes. — May  be  caused  by  abuse  of  irritating  medicines,  as 
vantharides,  turpentine,  copaiba,  rosin,  and  the  like;  by  stone 
or  gravel  in  the  bladder;  the  application  of  fly  blisters  or  tur- 
pentine over  too  much  surface;  sudden  exposure  of  a  tired  or 
pcrsi>iring  horse  to  cold  or  wet;  acrid  plants  in  fodder;  or  exten- 
sion of  inflammation  from  a  diseased  vagina,  or  urethra  to  the 
bladder. 

Symptoms.— Ammai  walks  with  a  stiff,  straddling  gait,  and 
makes  water  often,  in  small  quantities,  which  is  sometimes 
streaked  with  blood,  and  accompanied  with  "n,  as  is  shown  in 
continued  straining,  groaning,  and  perhaps  i^  movements  of  the 
feet  and  tail.  The  penis  hangs  from  sheath,  or  in  mare  tl-  vulva 
is  opened  and  closed  as  in  urination.  There  is  soreness  when 
pressed  in  region  of  sheath  or  udder  If  due  to  stone  in  the  blad- 
der, that  will  Ijc  found  by  examinati»..n  (See  Anatomy)  through 
rectum  or  vagina;  the  bladder  will  also  be  found  to  l)e  sensitive. 
The  temperature  will  be  elevated  and  the  pulse  accelerated. 

Treatment. — 

First,  if  possible,  remove  the  cause,  whether  in  food  or  medi- 
cine, the  removal  of  Spanish  I'ly  or  other  blistering  agents  from 
the  skin.  If  the  urine  has  been  retained  and  decomposed,  it  must 
l)e  completely  evacuated  through  a  clean  catheter,  and  bladder 
washed  out  with  a  solution  of  J<  ounce  of  Boracic  Acid  in  a  quart 
of  water.  This  must  be  repeated  daily  until  the  urine  no  longer 
decomposes.  Diet  must  be  light— as  bran  mashes,  roots,  fresh 
cut  grass — and  the  drink  impregnated  with  Linseed  tea.  Injeci 
into  the  bladder  a  wanu  Alum  solution  (Alum  J^  ounce,  water 
at  115  degrees,  one  quart);  repeat  three  or  four  times  a  day. 
Make  hot  applications  to  the  loins,  as  in  "Nephritis,"  and  apply 


^i:i^.  ik.::t^:  ■$::'hM.M''^m, 


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'wwwmm^i 


MS 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


r    '.    uS 


Mtistnrd  paste  to  the  back  part  of  the  belly,  just  in  front  of 
the  udder  ir  the  mare,  in  front  and  at  the  sides  of  the  sheath  in 
the  horse.  Internally,  use  same  treatment  as  for  "Xcphritis." 
Tc  inject  into  the  bladder,  pass  the  catheter,  attach  a  piece  of 
rnbbei  tubing  to  the  outer  end,  put  a  small  fuunel  in  the  otlur 
end  of  the  tube,  elevate  the  funnel  and  pour  the  solution  into  it: 
it  will  flow  anc?  fill  the  bladder,  and  by  lowering  tlie  tube  it  will 
run  out.  To  pass  the  catheter,  see  Opkrations,  page  347-  If 
Calculi  are  present,  remove  them.     See  next  disease. 

STONES   IN   THE   BLADDER-  CALCULI.— Stones 

are  also  found  in  the  kidneys,  or  in  the  tubes  leading  down  to 
the  bladder  from  the  kidneys,  but  they  are  generally  found  in  the 
bladder.     They  are  masses  of  lime  of  varying  sizes. 

Causes. — From  kinds  of  food  eaten,  and  from  the  use  of 
drinking  water  containing  a  great  percentage  of  lime. 

Symptoms. — Horse  is  uneasy  and  has  colic  pains;  will  be  in 
more  pain  just  after  passing  water;  in  some  cases  where  there  are 
a  number  of  stones,  tlie  horse  after  making  water,  will  pa.ss  blood, 
and  for  a  few  times  after  this  he  may  pass  water  as  usual,  and 
then  will  pass  blood  again.  In  urinating,  the  flow  will  sometimes 
.stop  suddenly,  and  after  a  moment  commence  again.  Exaniina- 
tioii  by  hand  in  the  rectum  will  determine  the  existence  of  the 
stones  or  stone.  In  the  mare  they  can  sometimes  be  reached  by 
the  finger  through  the  urethra.     (See  Anatomy). 

Tre.vtment. — 

(live  the  animal  soft  water  instead  of  hard  water.  Give 
plenty  of  soft  feed  with  boiled  Linseed  in  it  to  keep  the 
lx>\vi.ls  free,  and  give  diluted  Hydrochloric  Acid  in  i  drachm 
dose>,  mixuig  it  with  i  pint  water  and  giving  it  as  a  drench  three 
times  daily-  The  action  of  thij-  acid  is  to  dissolve  stones.  Con- 
tinue the  use  until  animal  is  l)etter.  In  se\cre  cases  resort  must 
Ix'  had  to  an  operation,  called  lithotomy— removing  the  Stones 
with  forceps.     The  operation  would  require  a  veterinarian. 

EVERSION  OF  THE  BLADDER.— This  is  met  with 
only  in  mares,  and  is  the  result  of  long-continued  lal)or,  or  from 
straining  in  inflammation  of  the  bladder.     Is  a  very  rare  accident. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


137 


Sjmp/(»ns.—The  bladder  will  be  seen  protruding  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  vulva,  a  round,  red,  fleshy-looking  substance, 
mid  the  entrance  of  the  tubes  from  the  kidneys  will  be  plainly 
seen  near  the  neck,  with  urine  dripping  from  them. 

TrratmbnT. — 

Put  I  ounce  of  Laudanum  in  i  pint  of  water  and  gently  bathe 
the  bladder  with  it;  then  press  gently  and  continuously  until  it  is 
returned  to  its  place.  Great  care  must  be  taken  not  to  push  the 
finders  through  the  walls  of  the  bladder,  especially  if  it  has  been 
out  sometime  and  is  swollen.  After  it  is  returned,  if  animal  is  in 
pain,  give  i  ounce  doses  of  Laudanum  or  ]4  ounce  doses  of 
Chloral  Hydrate  every  two  hours  until  animal  stops  straining  and 
seems  relieved.  If  inclined  to  come  out  again  after  being  returned, 
put  on  a  compress  to  hold  it  in.  If  possible  a  veterinarian  should 
l)e  secured  to  treat  the  case. 

The  after-treatment  would  be  as  in  "luflammation  of  the 
Bladder." 

SPASM  OF  THE   NECK  OF  THE  BLADDER.— 

This  affection  consists  in  spasmodic  closure  of  the  outlet  of  the 
bladder  by  contraction  of  the  muscular  fibres.  It  is  most  fre- 
((uent  in  the  hoEse,  but  is  not  uncommon  in  the  mare. 

Causes. — Hard  and  continuous  driving  without  chance  to 
make  water;  cold  rain-storms;  draughts  of  cold  air  when  perspir- 
ing and  fatigued;  administrations  of  Spanish  fly;  application  of 
fly  blisters  extensively;  abuse  of  diuretics;  acrid  plants  in  fodder; 
and  calculi  in  the  bladder.  Spasms  of  the  bowels  are  sometimes 
attended  with  spasms  of  the  bladder. 

5;7«/>fc/«5.— Frequent  stretching  and  straining  to  urinate, 
with  no  result,  or  but  a  slight  dribbling  only,  and  this  atten  led 
by  pain  and  groaning.  On  resuming  his  normal  position  pains 
continue,  and  he  paws,  shakes  his  tail,  kicks  at  the  abdomen 
with  hind  feet,  looks  back  to  the  flank,  lies  down  and  rises, 
arches  back,  and  tries  again  to  pass  water.  If  oiled  hand  is  intro- 
duced into  rectum  the  greatly  extended  bladder  may  be  felt 
beneath  it,  and  horse  will  often  flinch  when  it  is  handled. 


138 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I,      H 


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■  4 


Treatmbnt.— 

Begin  by  taking  horse  out  of  the  harness;  if  this  fails,  spread 
clean  litter  beneath  the  belly  or  turn  patient  out  where  there  is 
straw.  Apply  hot  blankets  to  loins,  as  in  "Nephritis."  Oive 
from  one  to  two  teaspoonfuls  of  I'luid  I'*.\tract  of  Helladontia  by 
the  mouth,  or  inject  the  same,  in  two  ounces  of  water,  into  the 
urethra,  using  catheter,  as  in  "Inflammation  of  the  Bladder." 
Ill  the  mare,  the  neck  of  the  bladder  is  easily  dilated  by  inserting 
the  oiled  finger  into  the  urethra  (see  An.\tomy).  In  the 
horse,  the  oiled  hand  may  be  introduced  into  the  rectum,  and 
gentle  pressure  gi%'en  from  before  backward,  on  the  anterior  or 
blind  end  of  the  bladder.  If  above  fails  then  po  s  the  catheter 
Csee  OrKR.VTiONS).  If  the  instrument  is  at  hand  it  is  best  to 
pas3  it  the  urst  thing  and  relieve  the  animal  at  once. 

PARALYSIS  OF  THE  BLADDER.— 

Causes. — From  weakened  state  of  the  system;  from  exposure 
to  cold;  or  from  long  continued  distension  of  the  bladder  from 
urine  being  held,  as  in  rheumatism,  lock-jaw,  paralysis,  or  diseases 
that  keep  the  animal  in  a  lying  position. 

Symptoms. — There  is  a  constant  dribbling  when  the  neck  is 
involved,  the  liquid  running  down  the  inside  of  the  thighs  and 
scalding  the  sk'n.  When  neck  is  not  involved,  the  urine  is 
retained  until  the  bladder  is  greatly  over-distended,  when  it  may 
be  expelled  by  the  active  contraction  of  the  walls  of  the  abdomen; 
but  this  never  empties  the  bladder  entr.-ly,  and  the  oiled  hand 
tlirough  the  rectum  may  feel  the  soft,  flaoby  organ  still  half  full  of 
urine.  This  retained  urine  is  liable  to  decomixise  and  the  disease 
result  finally  in  the  worst  form  of  inflammation  of  the  bladder. 

Treatment. — 

Lies  in  the  successful  treatment  of  the  disease  which  it 
accompanies.  The  urine  must  l)e  drawn  off  four  or  five  times  a 
day  with  a  catheter  to  prevent  over-distension  of  the  bladder.  If 
persistent  after  the  recovery  of  disease  it  accompanies,  apply  a 
thin  paste  of  Mustard  and  water  over  the  back  part  of  the  belly  in 
front  of  the  udder,  and  cover  with  cloths  until  hair  stands  erect. 
In  the  male  apply  the  remedy  on  each  side  of  the  sheath.     Give 


DISKASl'S  01'  THK  IIORSK 


'39 


three  or  four  time-  a  day  a  teaspoonful  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Nux 
Vomica,  or  use  the  touie-s  as  reconuneiuled  under  "Chronic  Indi- 
gestion," omitting'  the  Iron  and  Saltpeter  mixture  until  after  the 
,,iher  has  been  v  for  a  week  or  two  and  the  water  has  com- 
menced to  pass  normally. 

ISCHURIA.— This  is  where  there  is  no  passing  of  water  on 
acct)unt  of  it  not  beinjj;  excreted  l)y  the  kidneys. 

C(ii(Si:.—VTom  kidneys  not  acting  proi)erly. 

5j7'//'/<'«".— There  is  no  passing  of  water.  The  non-passing 
of  water  may  arise  from  diseases  of  bladder,  obstructions,  etc., 
but  in  such  cases  the  bladder  is  found,  uix)n  examination  jxjr 
rectum,  to  be  full;  with  this  disorder  it  is  found  to  be  empty. 

TkKatment. — 

If  from  kidneys  not  acting  properly,  give  i  to  2  ounces  of 
Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter  and  ^  teasjxjonful  Fluid  ICxtract  Nux 
\'omica  three  times  daily,  until  horse  makes  water,  then  follow 
this  with  the  digestive  tonics  as  prescribed  under  "Chronic  Indi- 
gestion." 

DRIBBLING  OF  THE  URINE~ENURESIS.~In  this 
case  the  urine  dribbles  away  involuntarily. 

Causes.— May  come  from  weakness  of  the  neck  of  the  blad- 
der; from  injury  to  neck  by  the  catheter;  from  paralysis  of  the 
bladder,  or  from  stone  or  calculi. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  from  paralysis,  or  weakness  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 
.ilil>l\-  the  Mustard  paste  as  recommended  in  "Paralysis  of  the 
I'.ladder,"  and  give  a  teasix)onful  of  Fluid  I-'xtract  Nux  Vomica, 
three  times  a  day.  If  from  injury  from  catheter,  give  the  same 
and  also  injections  as  in  "Iiiflammation  of  the  Bladder."  A  tea- 
^l)oonfid  of  Saltpeter,  two  or  three  times  a  day,  may  also  be  given. 
Cold  water  dashed  onto  the  loins  will  sometimes  help. 

BLOODY  URINE- HAEMATURIA.— 

ra//sti.— Usually  from  injuries,  as  sprains  and  fractures  of 
the   loins;    lacerations  of    the   sub-lumbar   muscles;    irritations 


L'>,-^ 


^W^Wiu 


140  Till-:  rRACTlCAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 

caustil  by  stone  in  the  kidneys,  uutcrs,  bladiler,  or  urethra. 
May  als>' occur  in  acute  con>;eslioii  or  inllanimalioii  of  the  kid- 
neys, with  tumors  in  thtir  '^nbslance  01  wUli  diseased  jirowth  in 
the  bladder.      iUTid  duirelic  plants  may  also  tte  a  cau>t 

Sr//!/'/i»i!s. — The  presence  of  blood  in  the  urine,  giving  it  a 
it'ddish  tinse.  If  blood  is  from  the  kidneys,  it  is  more  likely  to 
f^e  uniformly  diflnsed  through  the  urine:  if  from  the  bladder, 
.•-mall  clots  are  more  likely  to  be  present. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  due  to  injury  to  the  loins,  treat  as  fcr  strains.  If 
Calculi  cause,  remove  them.  (.'^L■e  'Calculi."  )  Irritants  in  food 
nui>t  be  avoided.  Give  mucilaginous  drinks,  as  Linseed  lea,  freely, 
li.icrnally,  ^i^'^-'  the  folUnvinj;. 

I'luiil  I-;\1ract  r.cllailnnn;i r   ('rachin 

Fluid  Kxtract  Krgot Is  ouuce. 

Water  to  make 1  piut. 

Give  as  one  dose,  and  ropi  at  four  times  a 
(lav  for  two  or  three  days,  if  conilitions  require; 
alternate  with  this  '2  ounie  Tinetiire  of  Iron, 
in  }j  piut  of  water, 

Hot  blankets  to  the  loins  would  be  valuable  in  some  cases. 

STRICTURE  OF  THE  URETHRA.— This  is  a  per- 
m.aiitiit  naiTowiii;.;  of  tlie  urethra  at  a  given  point. 

c'«//.>ri.— Irritating  ingredients  in  the  urine;  by  strong  injec- 
tions used  in  gleet;  or  V>y  the  healing  of  ulcers  in  neglected 
gleet. 

Sr>ii/',',')//s. — The  urine  is  passed  in  a  very  fine  stream  with 
straining,  pain  and  groatiing.  and  by  frequent  painful  erections. 

Tku.vtmicnt.— 

Consists  of  mechanical  dilitation,  with  catheters  just  large 
cu..ugh  to  pass  with  gentle  force.  Insert  once  a  day,  increasing 
the  si/.e  as  pa^.-age  will  adnnt  them.  The  catheter  should  be 
kept  perfectly  clean  and  washed  in  a  solution  of  Borax  and  water 
a-ul  well  oiled  before  it  i>  introduced.  A  tea.spoonful  of  Fluid 
I-;.-aract  of  Belladonna  in  an  ounce  or  two  of  water  injectew 
through  the  catheter  into  the  luethra  may  help  in  dilating.  To 
inject,  sec  "Inflamir.ation  of  Bladder." 


H  I* 


DISRASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


141 


OBSTRUCTION  OF  URETHRA  WITH  A  CAL- 

CULUS. — Occasionally  the  urethra  is  obstructed  by  a  limy 
:iL[)osit  which  forms  either  in  the  urethra  or  in  the  bladder 
ii'd  then  flows  down  into  the  urethra  and  obstructs  it. 

Symptoms. — The  symptoms  will  lie  the  same  as  those  for 
"Spasm  of  the  Neck  of  the  Bladder."  The  mine  wil)  be  retained. 

Trkatmhnt. — 

Medicinal  treatment  will  fail;  the  catheter  must  be  passed 
and  the  deposit  pushed  back  into  the  bladder  and  then  treated  as 
described  under  "Calculi."  If  the  obstruction  cannot  be  dis- 
lodged with  the  catheter,  it  must  be  cut  down  into  and  removed. 
This  would  require  a  veterinarian. 

AZOTURIA. — The  exact  nature  of  this  disease  is  not  well 
understood,  and  while  it  is  not  a  disease  of  the  urinary  organs,  it 
is  described  in  this  connection,  as  these  organs  are  affected  by  the 
ilisease  to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  It  always  occurs  with  over- 
tod  and  under-exercised  horses. 

Causes. — From  allowing  the  horse  to  stand  in  the  stable  and 
f>'«  ding  too  well.  Horses  that  are  being  liberally  fed  upon  grain 
-hould  be  out  for  exercise  at  least  every  other  day.  If  for  any 
iL-ason  the  horse  cannot  get  otit  for  exercise,  cut  down  on  the 
i^rain  ration. 

Symptoms. — The  disease  always  develops  during  exercise. 
The  horse  is  taken  out  for  work  after  a  period  of  rest,  with  high 
(ceding.  He  starts  out  feeliiig  extra  active  and  playful,  but  aftet 
i;i)ing  from  a  few  rods  to  three  or  four  miles,  the  driver  notices 
something  wrong;  the  horse  slacks  up,  cotnmences  to  sweat  pro- 
fusely, breathes  heavily,  shows  lameness  or  irregularity  in  action 
of  hind  limbs,  seems  stiff,  the  ankles  throw  forward,  and  back  is 
apt  to  be  arched;  if  not  stopped,  the  weakness  gets  worse,  the 
Horse  reels  and  goes  down,  and  is  unable  to  get  up  with  the  hind 
limbs;  may  rise  up  with  the  front  limbs.  The  hind  limbs  are 
•,)aralyzed.  The  muscles  of  the  loins  are  swollen  and  hard.  If 
he  goes  down,  he  shows  great  nervousness;  if  stopped  before  be 
goes  down,  be  braces  himself,  trembles,  and  coutiaues  to  swc»t 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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fer  some  time;  the  tirine,  when  passed,  or  if  drawn,  is  of  a  dark, 
coflee  color,  and  apt  to  he  thick,  If  down,  he  is  tuiable  to  pass 
the  nrine 

TrkatmenT  — 

As  soon   as   the    first   symptom?  appear,  ^ton  the  animal, 
unhitch  and  blnnkct  warmly  ri,i;lU  wIkti-  he  is    do  not  try  to  get 
to  a  barn,  nnkss  the  weather  maker  it    absr-lntcly  nece.ssary,  in 
which  case  ^et   to  the  nean-st       If  stor^H-d  at  once,  the  attack 
will  proba1)lv  be  li^ht,  1ml  a  little  extra   exercise   may  turn   the 
scales.     Frequently  the  driver  K<>es  a  little   further,  to  see  what 
develops,  and  this  often  changes  a  mild,  into  a  fatal  case      C".et  a 
veterinarian  to  treat  the  case,  if  i)OSsib1  ■.   If  not,  give  the  follow- 
ing;    A  teas}X)onful   of   the   I'luid  I^xtr act  of  IJelladonna  and  I2 
<jinice  of   Bromide  of   Potash,  in  ;:'  pint  of  water,  rei)eat  in  two 
or  three  hours,  and  afterwards  repeat  everv  four  or  five  hours; 
also  -ive  I  drachm  doses  of  Iodide  of  Potash,  in  !<  pint  of  water, 
reix-at  four  times  the  first  day,  afterwards  three  times  a  day  for 
two  dajs;  alM)  give  twice   a  day,  i   ounce  of  Sweet   Spirits  of 
Niter.      Aside  from   iIksc,  the  horse  should  have   a   purgativr; 
give  I  ounce  of  Aloes  in  form  of  a  pill,  or  in  a  jiint  of   thin   Lin- 
seed gruel;  li   pound  of   Ivpsom  Salts  can  be  substituted  for  the 
Aloes;  if  the  bowels  do  not   move  freely  in  twenty-four  hours, 
give  a  pint  of  Oil,  and  reiniat  every  six  or  eight  hours  until   they 
do.     Aside  from  this  internal  treatment,  apply  hot  blankets  to 
the  loins  as  in  "Nephritis."     If  the  animal  is  down,  he  must  be 
kept  bolstered  upon  his  chest,  and  rolled  over  five  or  six  times  a 
day,  if  down,  the  urine  nuist  be  drawn  with  a  catheter,    four  or 
five  times  a  day.    (See  Oi'ERATioNS. )    If  for  any  reason  it  is  not 
best  to  use  hot  blankets,  hot  bags  of  salt  may  l)e  substituted.      If 
horse  is  treated  where  attacked,   after  six  to  ten  hours  he  can 
j)robably  be  very  slowly  worked  to  the   nearest  barn,  where  he 
should  l)e  kept  three  or  four  days.  If  he  goes  down  on  the  street, 
remove  to  a  barn  on  a  large  stone-l)oat. 

The  disease  can  always  be  prevented  by  exercising,  at  least 
everv  ether  fiay,  Tior.ses  which  are  being  b'herally  fed.  Allow  the 
animal  to  become  thoroughly  convalescent  l)efore  exercising 
again,  and  begin  by  exercising  gradually. 


■Ma^^ 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


143 


DISEASES  OP  THE  GENITAL  ORGANS 
OP  THE  HORSE 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TESTICLES— ORCH- 

ITIS.— When  in  vigorous  health  and  on  stimulating  food, 
st.illioiis  are  subject  to  congestion  of  the  testicles,  which  become 
swollen,  hot  and  tender,  but  without  any  active  inflammation. 
The  reduction  of  the  grain  in  the  feed,  and  by  giving  ><  pound 
of  ICpsom  Salts,  rcix\iling  in  two  or  three  days,  also  a  teaspoonful 
(if  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day  and  bathing  affected  parts  with  hot 
water,  or  Alum  water— Alum  i  ounce,  water  i  pint— will  usually 
restore  him.  From  frequent  copulation,  heavy  grain  feeding,  hot 
weather  and  lack  of  exercise,  if  not  relieved,  congestion  may  run 
-nto  inflammation. 

Causes. — Besides  as  noted,  this  may  arise  from  blows  and 
penetrating  wounds,  implicating  testicles;  abrasions  of  the  scro- 
tum by  a  chain  or  rope  passing  inside  of  thigh;  from  abrasion  by 
rubbing  against  the  inside  of  thighs  in  trotting  stallions;  from 
»»\  inpathetic  disturbance  in  diseases  of  the  kidneys,  bladder,  or 
urethra. 

Synipfotns.-— Apart  from  wounds  of  the  parts,  there  is  a 
swelling,  heat,  and  tenderness  of  the  testicles,  straddling  of  the 
hind  legs,  alike  in  standing  or  walking;  stiffness  and  dragging  of 
i1k-  hind  limbs  or  limb  on  affected  side,  arching  of  loins,  abdom- 
iual  pain,  as  shown  by  looking  back  at  flanks;  more  or  less  fever, 
rise  of  temperature,  quicker  pulse  and  breathing,  lack  of  appetite 
and  dullness.  Generally  symptoms  abate  about  second  or  third 
(lay,  and  if  it  lasts  longer  absces.ses  are  apt  to  form.  Improve- 
ment may  go  on  slowly  or  malady  subside  into  a  subacute  or 
chronic  form. 

Trkatment. — 

Give  perfect  rest  and  quiet,  and  administer  a  purgative  of  ii 
to  1  pound  of  Epsom  Salts  or,  instead,  an  ounce  of  Aloes.     Apply 

an  astringent  lotion  of: 

Acetate  of  Lead i  ounce. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna 1      " 

Water »  qn*rt. 


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144  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

to  the  affected  parts  with  soft  rags  or  cotton  wool,  and  keep  In 

place  with  a  bandage.     Foment  freely  with  hot  water.     When 

abscess  tlireatens  apply  warm  ponltice-s  of  half  Linseed  meal  and 

half  bran  to  favor  formation  of  pns,  and  wlien  leady  the  knife 

must   be  employed  to  jjive  free  escape  of  pus.     The  resulting 

cavity  may  be  injected  with  a  weak  Carbolic  lotion: 

Carlmlu- Acid 2  drachms. 

Water I  pint. 

This  will  keep  wound  clean  and  favor  healmg. 

Also  give  internally  the  following. 

I'luid  Extract  of  IlfUadonim I  ounce. 

Fluiil  IC.'stract  of  Aconite I  drachm. 

Fluid  ICxtract  f>f  Colchicum  Seed yi  ouuce. 

Saltpeter 3  Ounces. 

Water  to  iiiake 1  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:     Two  ounces  four  times  a 
day. 

Feed  very  sparingly  on  laxative  diet. 

DROPSY  OF  THE  SCROTUM,  OR  BAG-HYDRO- 
CELE. — The  scrotmn  is  the  bag  or  pouch  that  contains  the 
testicles. 

Causa. — This  may  be  an  accompaniment  to  dropsy  of  the 
belly,  the  cavity  of  which  is  continuous  with  that  of  the  scrotum 
in  the  horse.  It  may  result  from  local  disease  of  the  testicles, 
the  si)ermatic  cord,  or  the  walls  of  the  ix)uch. 

Sjw/>/oi>ts.— There  ia  enlargement  of  the  scrotum,  with  a 
fluctuation  under  the  fingers;  the  testicle  will  be  recognized  as 
floatnig  in  water.  By  pressure  the  lifpiid  is  forced  in  a  slow 
stream,  and  with  a  {>erceptible  thrill,  into  the  abdomen.  Some- 
times the  cord  or  scrotum  is  *hickened,  and  "pits"  on  pressure. 

Trk-\tmknt. — 

Give  a  laxative  in   the  form  of   one-half  {)oimd  of   Epsom 
Salts,  or  6  drachms  of  Aloes.     Also  give  the  following- 
Fluid  Extract  of  Colchicum  Seed 6  drachms. 

Saltpeter a  ounces. 

Iixhdeof  Potash I  ounce. 

Water  to  make ....     1  pint. 

Dosr:  2  ounces  three  times  a  d»y;  dive  tliree 
day»,  withhold  a  day  or  two,  and  give  aga.u. 


^ 


DISEASKvS  OK  THE  HORSE i_45 

K  there  is  any  Inflammation  of  testicles  or  cord,  Rive  local 
treatment,  as  in  previous  disorder.  Pai.  ting  the  scrotum  with 
Tincture  of  Iodine  o  ce  a  day  is  also  g(Kxl.  One-half  ounce 
doses  of  Tincture  of  Iron  given  three  times  a  day  in  J4  pint  of 
.vafcr,  alternatnig  with  the  previous  mixture,  will  be  helpful. 
It  ihis  line  of  tnatment  fails  it  will  be  necessary  to  draw  ofi  the 
watL.-  with  a  small  trocar  and  canula,  repeating  if  the  scrotum 
fills  up  again.     Feed  nourishing  but  laxative  diet 

GONORRHEA  OR  GLEET.— 

Causes.— This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  urethra  from  irritat- 
ing substances  in  the  urine;  excessive  work  in  the  stud;  mastur- 
bation; connection  with  a  newly  delivered  mare;  ir  with  one  that 
has  an  irritating  discharge  from  the  womb;  injuiy  to  penis;  or 
from  stone  or  gravel.     Mostly  confined  to  stallions. 

Symptoms. —The  urine  will  be  passed  in  jets,  with  frequent 
interruptions  and  manifestations  of  pain;  iliert'  is  swelling  and 
soreness  of  sheath;  later,  there  will  be  more  or  less  discharge  of 
pus  which  will  be  seen  around  the  head  of  the  penis.  There  is 
tendency  to  erection  of  penis,  and  in  cases  contracted  from  the 
mare,  the  outer  surface  of  organ  will  show  more  or  less  of  sores 
and  ulcers.  Stallion,  in  such  cases,  will  refuse  to  mount,  or  in 
case  he  does,  will  not  complete  act  of  coition.  If  entrance  is 
effected,  mares  are  liable  to  infection. 

Treatment. — 

Give  ni  early  stages  6  drachms  of  Aloes  and  apply  cloths 
wrung  out  in  hot  water  to  sheath  and  penis.  H  infection  is  sus- 
[Kcted,  inject  into  the  urethra,  through  the  penis,  twice  daily,  a 
-solution  made  as  follows: 

Boracic  Acid I  drachm. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna i  ounce. 

IVater  (tepid) i  quart. 

Jifix. 

Inject  by  passing  catheter  a  little  distance  and  injecting 
tinough  It  as  in  "Inflammation  of  the  Blauder."  Where  a  dis- 
charge shows  later  in  the  disease,  inject: 

Nitrn IP  of  Silver 30  grains. 

Watci '  q"art. 


ii 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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And  th'j  same  niny  l>c  npplkd  to  the  surface  of  ponis  and  inside 
of  sh<ath.  One  draclmi  doses  of  Copaiba  may  be  given  ouce 
daily  after  the  discharge  has  apiKare<l. 

One  ounce  doses  of  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter  morning  and  night 
may  also  Ik  given. 

Stallions  suiTcring  from  this  disease  should  be  withheld  froia 
service,  as  als<i  should  mares  with  liucorrhea. 

I'eetl  a  laxative  <liet  ami  gi\e  ret;idar  exercise. 

PHIMOSIS,  AND  PARAPHIMOSIS  -These  are  swollen 
or  otherwise  diseased  conditions  of  the  j)enis.  In  the  first,  the 
penis  IS  swolkii  and  cou5ned  within  the  sheath,  and  in  the  sec- 
ond, the  penis  swollen  or  otherwise  affected  without  the  sheath, 
a'ld  cannot  he  drawn  back. 

Caitsis. ~Vrou\  castration,  or  from  injury  by  blows  or  kicks; 
f'om  rough  handling,  or  from  too  much  service. 

TKrATMKNT. — 

When   the  ix;nis  is  swollen  and  confiii«d,  bathe  the  sheath 

hi  cold  water,  enlarge,  if  necessary,  the  external  portion  of  sheath 

so  as  to  liberate  the  {x.-nis,  and  then  bathe  jK-iiis  with  cold  water, 

ami  apply  a  lotion  made  of; 

Siiyat  of  I<e.Ki J4  ounce. 

VVatiT I  flu'-. 

Ml  \ ,  and  apply  to  affected  parts  three  times 
daily. 

When  jx-nis  protrudes  and  is  swollen  outside  of  sheath,  bathe 
■.villi  cold  water  and  apply  the  I.ead  lotion  as  in  "Phimosis,"  and 
siipjiort  the  jKiiis  by  a  baiulage  passed  around  the  loins  This 
.'.hoiild  not  be-  omitted,  as  weight  of  swollen  organ  is  sufficient 
,'ilone  to  keep  up  irritation  and  inflammation.  As  a  last  resort, 
the  rim  of  the  sheath  may  be  slit  up  a  little  and  penis  manipu- 
lated and  pusheil  back,  treating  wound  with  lotion  as  before. 

Paralysis  of  the  penis  will  also  cause  it  to  hang  from  the 
sheath;  in  this  case  i.  is  not  swollen,  but  hangs  in  a  flabby  con- 
dition, otherwise  look. ng  normal.  Treatment  in  this  case  is  to 
give,  internally,  a  teasjxKjnful  Fluid  K.xtract  oi  Nux  Vomica 
three  or  four  times  a  day;  give  exercise;  bathe  penis  with  hot 
water. 


niSIvASKS  OF  TITR  HORSR 


U7 


Crowths  upon  the  penis  may  alw)  prevent  its  bciuR  witli- 
,lra\vn.  Tliose  would  uce<l  to  l)e  treated  accordiiiK  to  their 
iMturc.  If  cotulilious  cannot  \k  overcome,  the  penis  can  Ix' 
uniiutated.     The  <)iH.-ration  would  rc<iuire  a  veterinarian. 

FOUL  SHEATH.  -  A-  a  general  ihing  the  sheath  of  .i 
!,,,rsf  Uf^ds  iiorlcaniuK.  Tlu-  glands  ordinarily  secrete  a  llnid  to 
iiihricatc  the  i):irt>  in  the  proj^r  atnonnt,  hut  at  times  there  is 
A  1.ir>,'er  serrelioii,  or  a  diseased  secretion,  and  it  accumulates  as  a 
i;ummy,  hlack  suh-tance  in  the  sheath,  and  irritates  the  parts, 
<  I'lsiuK  "Foul  Sheath." 

TkiaTmknt.— 

Wash  out  carefully  %vith  a  little  soap  and  warm,  soft  water 
i.viiiK  careful  not  to  use  any  violence  in  drawing  down  the  yard, 
and  particularly  he  careful  not  to  scratch  parts  with  the  tinger 
luids,  using  a  >«h  -ponge  or  cloth.     After  cleaning,  dry  hy  prt-ss- 
iiig  gently  with  a  dry  cloth  and  apply  melted  vaseline. 

SWELLING  OF  THE  SHEATH  - 

Causes. -Thin  may  arise  from  a  had  condition  of  the  l)loo<l; 
hum  disordered  kidneys;  hom  a  foul  sheath,  following  castration, 
and  in  disease  of  the  kidneys.  If  sheath  is  foul,  treat  as  pre- 
viously described.  Give  the  horse  a  physic  of  6  to  8  drachms  oi 
Aloes  to  clear  the  bowels,  and  when  this  has  operated,  give  the 
tnllowing  powders:  Equal  parts,  by  weight,  of  Saltpeter  nnd 
Sulphur:  mix  thoroughly  and  give  a  tablesi)oonful  three  limes 
laily  ill  the  feed.  Give  a  little  exercise  each  day  and  the  swell 
,:i,-'will  soon  go  down  If  after  castration,  treat  as  described 
under  that  operation. 

GROWTHS  ON  END  OF  PENIS.— These  are  of  various 
kinds  and  ofltimes  prove  very  troublesome  and  painful  when 
animal  is  urinating. 

Ca„sa.— Arc  varied.  Sometimes  from  neglect  in  treating  a 
slight  injury,  the  .sore  will  throw  out  a  growth.  At  other  times 
the  growths  are  of  fungoid  nature 


■t  %■* 


Ji'i-v -Pia:iu>i^''t!t^^=&k. 


'ir »—'../*'-  -  ■ifM'-J      i7 


,1  ■ 


148 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I  I  \ 


Trhatmbnt. — 

If  not  very  large,  wash  off  with  warm  water  and  soap,  then 
touch  the  effected  part  with  a  stick  of  hinar  caustic,  which  will 
lirni  it.  When  scab  falls  off,  wash  and  burn  again,  repeating 
until  growth  is  removed.  Dress  every  day  with  a  carbolic  lotion. 
Bad  casts  require  treatment  by  a  veterinarian. 

WARTS  AROUND  THE  SHEATH.-These  are  often 
seen  on  the  sheath,  and  in  some  ca.scs  may  be  seized  between  tlii' 
thumb  and  finger  and  twisted  off.  Or  they  may  be  removed  ijy 
tying  a  cord  around  them  tightly,  which  will  stop  circulation, 
and  they  will  drop  off.  When  it  can  be  done  this  is  probably  the 
best  manner  of  removal.  Still  another  way  of  removing  it  is  to 
cut  them  off  with  a  knife  or  scissors,  and  touch  the  wound  witli 
a  stick  of  lunar  caustic. 

MASTURBATION.— This  is  a  bad  habit  of  abusing  nature 
that  some  stallions  get  into. 

Causes. — From  weakness  in  consequence  of  having  too  much 
work  in  the  stud,  or  from  superfluous  passion  attending  want  of 
work  and  being  fed  too  highly. 

Treatment. 

If  from  the  weakness  from  cverwork,  reduce  work,  and  give 
the  digestive  tonics  Give  walking  exercise  daily.  If  from  lack 
of  work,  give  a  purgative  of  6  to  8  drachms  of  Aloes,  reduce  the 
grain  and  increase  exercise,  and  give  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter 
two  or  three  times  a  day.  Sometimes  the  only  remedy  is  a 
mechanical  one— the  fixing  of  a  net  under  the  penis  in  such  a 
way  as  to  prevent  extension  of  the  organ.  It  is  well  to  use  this 
in  connection  with  the  other  treatment. 


1 


DISEASES  OF  THE  H'>\,'3E 


149 


DISEASES  OF  THE  GENITAL  GROANS 
OF  THE  MARE 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  OVARIES.— This  disease, 

though  rare,  is  occasionally  met  with  in  the  mare. 

Cat/scs.— It  usually  occurs  at  the  time  of  heat,  and  passes 
away  when  that  is  over;  it  aggravates  the  passions  excited  at 
that  time. 

Sjmp/oms.— There  is  a  slight  fever,  and  soreness  on  pressure 
ill  the  region  of  the  loins.  The  periods  of  heat  are  irregular;  at 
times  almost  continuous. 

Treatment. — 

Give  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter  and  a  teaspoonful  of  Fluid 
I'xtract  of  Belladonna  in  a  bran  mash  three  times  a  day  for  a  few 
days.     Feed  laxative  food. 

ENLARGEMENT    OF    THE    OVARIES.  — This  is 

another  disease  that  is  met  with  in  connection  with  the  ovaries. 

Causes. — Results  from  inflammation  stjmetimes  obscure. 

^yw/Zt^w;,?.— Mare  is  more  or  less  irritable;  falls  off  in  con- 
dition; if  put  to  horse  does  not  get  with  foal;  is  more  or  less  con- 
tinuously in  season.  Symptoms  not  diagnostic.  Examination 
]x.r  rectum  might  reveal  condition  in  some  cases. 

Tkeatment. — 

If  in  good  condition  give  her  a  physic— Aloes  8  drachms,  in 
form  of  a  pill  or  in  thin  gruel.  Give  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter 
three  times  a  day  for  a  week:  withhold  a  week  and  give  again. 
Dissolve  an  ounce  of  Iodide  of  Potash  in  a  pint  of  water;  give  i 
ounce  of  the  solution  three  times  a  day;  give  for  a  week,  with- 
hold a  week  and  give  again;  alternate  with  the  Saltpeter.  Where 
possible,  an  examination  by  a  veterinarian  would  be  advisable. 


i.SO 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ill  I  \ 


11   ■■; 


I      ! 


'fl     f, 


WHITES— LEUCORRHEA— This  is  a  catarrh  of  the 
vagina,  or  the  womb,  or  of  both. 

Cai/ses. — Originally,  by  a  slight  attack  of  innammation,  a  dis- 
charge from  the  irritated  surfaces  is  set  up  and  soon  l)ecomes 
chronic.  It  often  follows  foaling,  in  which  the  j)arts  have  been 
torn  or  injured.  It  invariably  follows  retention  of  the  afterl)irlh, 
Also  found  ni  old  maies  iliat  are  out  of  condition,  and  have  ceased 
to  breed. 

ii\»iplo»is. — There  is  a  di.scharge  of  whitish,  sliiny  substance 
from  the  vulva,  of  a  disagreeable  odor;  in  fact,  when  following 
relet.tion  of  the  afterbirth,  it  is  purulent  and  very  offensive. 
Animal  lose-^  flesh;  the  coat  becomes  rough,  coarse  and  staring, 
and  the  milk  dries  up,  or  nearly  so.  Where  the  wond)  is  involved, 
the  dischan'.e  is  thrown  off  after  urination,  or  wdien  pulling 
severely,  oftentimes  in  large  quantities. 

Trk.vt.micnt. — ■ 

Wash  out  the  womb  and  vagina,  using  a  soft,  ruK'ier  tube 
with  a  funnel  attached,  through  which  pass  warm  water  at  a 
temjK-rature  f)f  115  degrees,  until  it  comes  away  clear.  T<i  make 
sure  the  treatiuenl  reaches  the  womb,  oil  the  hand  .ind  tube, 
introduce  them  into  the  \agina,  and  insert  the  tul>e  through  the 
mouth  of  the  wond).  lilevate  the  funnel  and  pour  the  w.iler  into 
;t.  Close  the  lijis  of  the  vuKa  by  cl:i-])ing  them,  thus  tilling  the 
organs  full,  theti  let  it  flush  out.  .Xfier  llusliing  on'  '  .oroughly 
with  the  water,  pour  in  the  following  lotion: 

Sugar  of  Lead t,  flr.uhnis 

Warm  water i  qu.irt. 

U.se  etiough  to  fdl  organs  full,  holding  the  \til\a  to  retain  it 
a  few  minutes.  Carlx)'ic  Acid,  2  tea>]i(jotd'ids  to  a  ^uart  of  water, 
can  be  used  part  of  the  time  in  place  of  the  Lead  solutioi  Alum 
or  Cop{)cras  is  sotnetinies  used  in  jilace  of  the  Sugar  of  Lead. 
Tieat  once  a  day  at  first,  afterwards  once  in  two  or  tlirei-  dajs, 
as  case  re(|uires. 

To  tone  vp  the  animal,  use  touics  as  for  "Chronic  Indiges- 
tion." 


t    i  } 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSE 


i5» 


BARRENNESS   IN   THE   MARE.— In  this  case  the 
mare  does  not  breed. 

Causes. — From  enlarged  or  diseased  ovariis;  from  contraction 
or  closure  of  the  mouth  of  the  womb;  from  neck  of  the  womb 
being  turned  to  one  side;  diseased  condition  of  the  womb;  old 
iiRe. 
Tkkatment.— 

F^xamine  the  neck  of  tlie  wf)mb  by  passing  the  hand,  oiled, 
into  the  vagina  until  the  mouth  of  the  womb  is  reached,  and,  if 
yon  find  H  contracted,  or  closed,  open  it  by  working  your  (ingirs 
;<cntly  around  in  it  until  it  dilates  or  oikmis.  If  a  little  hard  to 
dilate,  saturate  a  small  piece  of  soft  sixinge  with  Fluid  Extract  of 
Helladoima,  tie  a  string  to  it  and  carry  the  sponge  into  the  vagina 
:\m]  press  into  the  moutli  of  the  womb  as  far  as  jwssibk'.  Leave 
it  there  an  hour  and  on  removing  it  you  will  probably  find  the 
neck  relaxed  and  easily  opened.  After  the  neck  is  opened,  put 
the  mare  to  the  horse,  and  she  will  most  likely  get  with  foal.  If 
the  neck  of  the  womb  is  twisted  to  one  side,  try  and  straighten  it 
with  your  liand,  and  immediately  have  Iier  put  to  the  horse.  If 
the  ovaries  ate  diseased,  treat  as  previously  described,  or  call  a 
veterinarian.  Sometimes  after  breeding  to  one  horse  a  ntmilier 
of  times,  and  stie  does  not  get  with  foal,  a  change  of  horse  may 
hrnig  success.  If  ordinary  copulation  fails,  inject  the  semen 
directly  into  the  womb  wi'h  a  syringe. 

A  run  at  grass,  along  with  tonic  preparations,  as  those 
recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion,"  may  successfully  over- 
ci'ine  barreimess. 

If  mare  is  fleshy,  deplete  her.   If  in  poor  condition,  tone  her  up. 
If  womb  is  diseased,  tieat  accordingly. 

HYSTERIA. -"Till-  i-^  a  peculiar  and  rather  rare  nervous 
ailFection  accompanying  heat,  and  manifested  principally  by  the 
voluntary  ruiscks. 

Sv)iiptoms.—\X  occurs  at  the  time  of  heat;  the  jaws  champ; 
the  teeth  are  ground:  the  muscles  tremble;  the  legs  and  feet  are 
liable  to  paw,  strike  or  kick  spasraodicilly:  in  short  the  mare  acts 
in  a  generally  delirious  manner,  at  times  becommg  more  or  ieSS 
vicious. 


I'. 


152  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Treatment.— 

Give  a  quart  of  Linseed  Oil  to  act  as  a  purgative  and  follow 

with: 

riuid  Extract  of  Belladonna i  teaspoon ful. 

Or: 

Sulphate  of  Morpliia 4  grains. 

Water i  ounce. 

('live  as  one  dose;  repeat  every  three  to  si.t 
hour.s  until  the  unpleasant  symptoms  have 
dis;ippcared. 

The  disease  is  generally  due  to  some  disease  or  abnormal 
condition  of  the  ovaries.  It  is  often  necessary  to  have  these 
organs  removed  in  order  to  overcome  the  disorder. 


w  ■■- 


f  t 


FOALING  (PARTURITION)  AND  ATTENDANT 

DISEASES 

(i-ur  ilhili.iliou^  Ml-  jian  .'<5i  l.llowing  inde.\.) 


Gestation,  ur  the  period  of  carrying  the  y"Ung,  continties, 
on  the  average,  eleven  months  or  forty-four  weeks,  but  may  be 
extended  or  shortened  in  .some  instances  a  month  either  way. 
The  covering  around  the  foal,  or  ra;tus,  is  called  the  cleaning, 
j)lacenta,  fetal  en\elopes,  or  after-birth,  and  is  attached  to  the 
inside  of  the  womb,  to  tlk-  little  processes  called  papilUe; 
connecting  the  foal  and  the  afler-birth  is  the  navel-string,  or 
umbilical  cord.  This  is  iiuuK-  up  of  hlnod  vessels,  which  con- 
vey the  fetal  blood  down  to  tlie  feta!  envelopes,  where  the 
nourishment  is  received  frinu  the  mother's  blood,  and  the  impuri- 
ties given  up  to  her  blood.  The  air  element  o.\}  gen— is  also 
received  here,  so  we  might  say  that  the  fietns  breathes  through 
the  cord,  and  for  this  reason  if  it  is  broken,  the  fcetns  soon  dies. 
Between  the  foal  and  after-birth  is  a  fluid,  the  use  of  whi'^li  is  to 
protect  the  foal  from  injury  from  the  motion  of  the  mare. 

HOW  TO  TELL  WHEN  A  MARE  IS  WITH 
FOAL. — The  mare  becomes  gentler  in  disposition,  and  there  is  an 
increase  of  fat;  the  belly  gradually  becomes  distended,  and  at  tlie 


f.r 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


153 


end  of  the  sixth  or  seventh  month,  after  the  mare  has  taken  a 
ilrmk  of  cold  water,  there  is  movement  on  the  part  of  foal.  The 
si^ns  are  more  noticeable  on  the  left  than  on  the  right  side. 
Another  way  is  to  pass  the  oiled  hand  into  the  vagina  and  find  if 
the  neck  of  the  womb  is  closed  and  sealed.  This  must  be  very 
carefully  done,  or  abortion  may  lie  prochu^d.  The  foal  may  be 
felt  at  the  same  time.  Hy  examination  per  rectum,  it  can  also 
he  told  whether  a  foetus  is  present  or  not.  During  the  time  of 
gestation,  it  is  not  the  nile  for  the  nare  to  get  in  heat  every  three 
weeks,  but  this  is  not  an  infallible  sign,  as  occasionally  a  mare 
will  take  the  horse  when  with  foal;  but  ordinarily,  when  a  mare 
c-eases  to  come  in  heat  after  being  bred,  it  is  a  good  indication 
that  she  has  conceived .  They  will  frequently  pass  the  first  period , 
but  come  in  heat  at  the  second,  and  so  they  should  be  closely 
watched  for  six  or  even  nine  weeks  a*ter  being  bred,  for  indica- 
tions of  being  in  heat. 

HOW  TO  USE  A  MARE  WITH  FOAL.-The  best 
treatment  for  a  mare  that  is  with  foal  is  to  give  her  regular  farm 
work  up  to  the  very  time  of  foaling.     After  the  abdomen  com- 
mences to  noticably  enlarge,  do  not  give  rapid  road  work.  Never 
let  her  pull  too  heavy,  especially  toward  the  last,  or  slip  or  strain 
herself,  or  back  up  too  suddenly,  as  these  have  been  the  causes  of 
mares  losing  their  foals.     Slipping  is  especially  dangerous.     In 
the  absence  of  moderate  work   the  mare  .should  Ije  kept  in  a  lot 
where  she  can  exercise  at  will.     During  the  winter  she  should  be 
out  a  portion  of   each  day   for  exercise.     The  food  should  be 
liberal  but  not  too  fattening,  such  as  oats,  bran,  and  good  clover 
hay.     In  the  spring,  turn  out  to  pasture  at  night.    Water  should 
not  be  too  cold,  and  given  rather  often.     Constipation  should  be 
corrected  by  bran  mashes,  carrots,  etc.,  and  if  medicine  is  needed 
give  a  dose  of  oil.     A  few  carrots  or  other  roots  fed  during  the 
winter  are  excellent. 

After  the  mare  foals,  turn  her  out  with  her  colt  for  at  least 
ten  days  before  putting  her  mto  work  again. 

SIGNS  OF  IMMEDIATE  FOALING.— As  the  period 
of  foaling  approaches  the  swelling  of  the  udder  bespeaks  the 


i 


'54 


TIIK  PRACTICAI^  STOCK  DOCTOR 


comi  j.;  t  viiit.  For  a  few  days  l)efore,  a  liquid  comes  from  the 
Uat-  and  in  about  twenty-four  hours  fonns  as  a  white  wax 
aic.i;,ul  tlie  orifices.  The  uiare  sliould  now  be  watched  closely 
m.t."  after  the  act  takes  place.  The  vulva  enlarges,  and  there  is 
f  IK  ci  glairy  nuicus.  The  Ix-lly  drt)oi)s,  the  flanks  fall  in,  aud 
'.n  loins  are  dejiressed.  Finally  mare  1>ecomes  uneasy,  stops 
tci.(..n>^,  l(j<iks  anxious,  whisks  her  tail,  and  may  lie  down  and  rise 
as.;a:n.  In  many  cases  this  is  not  rcixated,  mare  remaining  down. 
\  H.'.t  lit  contractiiMi  of  tlio  ahuomninl  muscles  ensue;  after  a  few 
paiu>  the  water  bag  appears  and  bursts,  followed  by  the  fore  feet 
of  tUc  foal,  with  the  nose  liclween  the  knees,  and,  by  a  few  more 
effort-  the  ftetus  is  exix^lled.  This  is  sometimes  accomplished 
standnig.  The  whole  act  may  not  occujiy  more  than  ten  to  fifteen 
mil  s,  and  sliould  never  !>c  prolonged  to  any  great  length  of 
ti  LAcrythmg  is  i     nnal. 

ht  II  the  act  tn'    >  pla  e  tlu-  marc  should  be  by  .lerself  in  a 
large    roomy  t  lace. 


Hi 


I  I  ii    " 


]■    ! 


■i 


THE  NAVEL-ST 

navel-string  which  c     ' 
tured  when  the  foal  f 
if  she   has  been  dow 
minutes  later      If  tl      c 
foaling,  take        piecx'     f  < 
then  cut  off     he  m     1-st 
leave  the  -tring  f       mtil  i 
Use  Carb(jlic  Aci        'ntioi 


NG— UMBILICAL  CORD.-The 

:ie  foal  to   the  membranes  is  rup- 

;  .  groimd,  or  when  the  mare  rises 

;he  membranes  are  expelled   a  few 

dot!S  not   break    immediately  after 

and  Tie  it  one  inch  from  the  belly, 

an  i;       below  wliere  it  is  tied  and 

ps  '        this  will  prevent  bleeding. 

str  nd  also  on  the  cord. 


NATURAL    WAY  F  3F       r.E  FOAL  TO  COME.— 

When  there  i.-.  a  single  f  m,  usual  position  is  with  the  fore 

feet  first,  the  nose  In^twee:  ttie  .  cs,  and  with  the  front  of  the 
l-ioofs  and  the  knees  and  the  forehead  directed  upward  toward  the 
anus,  tail,  and  croup;  or,  in  other  words,  the  foal  lies  on  its  belly. 
When  there  is  a  twin  birth,  the  sec'ond  foal  usually  comes  with 
its  hind  feet  first,  and  the  backs  of  the  legs,  the  points  of  the 
hocks,  and  the  tail  and  croup  are  tunied  upwa-d  tow.ird  the  anus 
and  tail  of  the  mare.  This  ixDsition  also  occurs  with  a  single 
fa'lus.  In  both  these  ways,  the  curvature  of  the  body  corresponds 


DISEASI-S  OF  THE  HORSE 


»55 


to  that  of  the  passages.  Any  presentation  different  from  these 
may  Ik;  said  to  be  abnormal,  aiul  are  treated  nnder  the  next  head- 
ing.   The  first  is  called  a  front,  the  .second  a  rear  presentation. 

CAUTIONS    IN    ASSISTING    WITH    PARTUR- 
ITION.—Certain  precautions  are  very  imixjrtant  in  assisting  at 
parlnrition;  first,  lie  gentle;  also  have  everything  clean— hand, 
arm,  ro{K'S  and  instrnments;  first,  wash  in  soap  and  water  and 
then  oil  freely  with  carlx);'/ed  lard  or  oil  (lard  or  oil   )  i  pint, 
Carl><>licAcid  i  teaspoon  fnl'  thoroughly  mixed;  nitrodnce  nothing 
into  the  womb  until  it  has  been  thoroughly  oiled.     Cut  finger 
nails  sliort  and  have  dirt  cleaned  from  beneath  them.     In  assist- 
ing, pull  steadily  and  gently,  only  when  the  mother  throes.     In 
reix-liing,  or  pushing  foetus  back  into  the  womb,  repel  only  when 
throes  are  not  on,  holding  what  you  gain  when  she  again  strains. 
In  entering  the  hand  for  an  examination,  make  it  cone-shaped,  by 
placing  the  thumb  and  two  outer  fingers  toward  the  center.     Do 
not  l)e  in  too  much  of  a  hurry,  gentleness  is  more  important  than 
speed.     In  making  an  examination,  the  water  sack  should  1)6 
l.roken   and   the  hand   put  inside,   directly  against  the   foetus. 
When  an  examination  is  made  and  the  ftttus  is  found  to  be  in  a 
wrong  iwsition,  examine  thoroughly  and  determine  just  how  it 
lies,  then  outline  a  plan  for  putting  it  into  either  a  front  or  a 
rear  presentation,  and  proceed  at  once  to  carry  out  the  plan.     If 
llie  presentation  is  going  to  be  quite  difficult  to  correct,  and  the 
mare  is  straining  hard,  something  should  be  given  to  stop  it  to  a 
,L;reat  extent.     The  best  drug  for  this  is  Chloral  Hydrate,  do.se, 
from  ;j  to  I  ounce  in  y1  pint  of  water,  or  2  ounces  Laudanum 
may  be  u.sed,  or  a  teaspoonfnl  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna. 
xVny  of  them  may  l)e  reix;ated  in  one-half  hour  if  necessary,  and 
again  in  an  hour      Have  the  animal  stand  while  the  correction  is 
l)eing  made. 

If  after  a  mare  has  been  l.alxiring  for  one-half  hour,  there 
seems  to  be  no  progress,  an  examination  should  l)e  made  to 
determine  the  trouble.  The  examination  can  do  ro  harm  if  the 
foregoing  instructions  are  followed,  and  if  anything  is  wrong  the 
sooner  it  is  determined  the  ea.-5ier  it  is  to  correct  it.  Sometimes 
a  very  slight  mal-presentatiou  which  can  be  corrected  m  two  or 


»3« 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


three  minutes,  will  stop  tlie  passage  of  the  focttis.  Why  illow 
the  mother  to  suffer  for  an  hour  or  two?  The  examination  causes 
no  extra  pain  and  may  Ik?  the  means  of  relieving  so  much.  If  •• 
had  presentation  is  found  and  a  veterinarian  is  to  be  called,  wliirh 
is  always  best,  if  one  can  be  had,  quiet  the  mare  with  tlie  drug?., 
and  if  the  LilMir  becomes  severe,  place  tlie  iiaiul  in  the  womb  aiiti 
hold  the  fietns  from  coining  back  any  farther.  After  tlie  womb 
has  contracted  so  as  to  crowd  the  f.etns  well  back  into  the  arcli, 
it  is  very  hard  to  make  a  correction,  and  by  preventing  this,  the 
veterinarian  has  a  much  better  chance  when  he  arrives. 

The  symptoms  of  mal-presentations  and  other  difhculties  to 
parturition  is  simply  the  -^traniing  without  progres:^,  and  uu 
examination  determines  the  exact  trouble. 


DIFFICULTIES  MET  WITH  IN  FOaLING- 
MALPRESENTATION.— With  natural  presentation,  dim- 
cult  parturition  is  a  rare  occurrence.  Sometimes,  however,  labor 
pains  come  on  and  the  mare  wants  to  foal,  but  the  moutli  of  the 
womb  remains  closed.  In  such  a  case,  smear  hand  and  arm  with 
Carlx)li/.ed  Lard,  enter  hand  with  thumb  and  fingers  together, cone- 
slia{)cd,  into  the  passage,  and  in  some  cases  you  can  open  the 
mouth  of  the  womb  very  easily  with  your  fingers.  If  it  will  not 
open  easily,  smear  the  neck  with  Fluid  Extract  Belladonna  and 
lard,  equal  parts,  and  after  a  little  while  it  will  probably  easily 
open. 

If  the  front  legs  and  head  apjx^ar,  and  the  lalxir  does  not 
bring  the  foal  any  farther,  use  gentle  force,  pulling  on  legs  and 
head,  when  the  mother  strains,  holding  what  you  get  between 
throes.  Never  pull  uprjii  any  presente-d  part  until  you  are  sura 
the  presentation  is  correct.  Sometimes  when  presentation  is  cor- 
rect, a  case  of  dropsy  of  the  belly — whjre  the  foal's  belly  is 
swollen  with  water  will  prevent  the  fcetus  passing;  in  sucli  a 
case  j.iish  f(£tus  back,  p;iss  in  a  knife,  guarded  b\-  the  hand  to 
■lOt  injure  the  mare,  and  make  a  small  incision  in  ♦iio  foal's  belly 
to  let  out  the  water,  and  then  start  head  and  legs  again,  and  she 
will  probably  soon  foal,  if  gently  assisted. 

In  case  of  "water  in  the  head"  (Hydracephaius),  the  feet 
and  point  of  nose  will  start,  but  advancement  ceases,    and  an 


DISK  ASUS  Ol"  TIIK  IIORSK 


157 


cxattiitKition  reveals  the  difficulty;  the  top  of  the  head  is  much 
iiil.ir>;t(l  and  soft;  puncture  tiie  head  wilh  a  trocar  or  knife,  let 
mit  the  water  and  press  in  the  thin,  \xiuy  walls  Now  give  the 
marc  a  little  help  when  she  lalnirs,  and  the  foal  will  come. 

A  foal  may  come  with  lieadand  only  one  front  leg  extended, 
md  the  niare  cannot  deliver.  Iti  such  a  case,  push  foal  gently 
hack  and  hring  the  other  leg  forward,  anil  mare  will  foal  probably 
without  more  trouble.  Sometimes  the  front  legs  come  with  the 
head,  which  is  turned  back,  either  to  one  side,  Ujwn  the  back,  or 
down  between  the  front  legs.  Push  the  foal  back;  take  a  i)iece 
of  rope  four  or  five  feet  long,  make  a  noose  and  slip  it  over  foal's 
nose.  Have  assistant  pull  on  the  rope  gently,  while  you  help  to 
straighten  the  neck  an<l  head,  placing  them  l)etween  the  legs; 
follow  with  a  little  gentle  pulling,  if  necessary,  and  the  foal  will 
lome.  Sometimes  hea<l  will  appear,  but  both  front  legs  are 
turned  back.  Push  foal  well  back,  catch  front  legs  and  bring 
them  forward,  one  at  a  time,  then  pull  gently  on  the  legs  to  com- 
jiletc  delivery.  All  four  legs  sometimes  come  together  and  head 
is  turnefl  back.  In  such  a  case  it  is  best  to  push  the  front  legs 
liack  into  the  womb  as  far  as  you  can  with  hand  and  arm,  and 
bring  foal  out  backward,  pulling  gently  on  hind  legs. 

If  the  presentation  is  l)ackward,  and  the  hind  legs  come  first, 
the  delivery  will  generally  be  normal,  although  not  as  easy  as 
tront  presentation.  If,  however,  the  foal  is  (.oming  backward, 
;iiid  the  legs  do  not  appear  and  nothing  but  rump,  tail,  and  hips, 
are  felt,  the  hind  legs  l)eing  turned  in  under;  shove  the  hind  end 
of  the  foal  upwards  and  towards  the  front  of  the  womb,  then 
slip  the  hand  down  and  get  hold  of  the  fot^t  ot  a  hind  leg  and  lift 
upward  and  backward  until  you  can  bring  the  leg  out  into  the 
passage;  repeat  the  operation  with  the  other  leg,  and  the  foal 
will  come  away  backward.  It  is  more  difficult  to  correct  rear, 
than  front  presentations. 

In  the  case  of  twin  foals,  if  there  is  difficulty,  examine  the 
ca.se  thoroughly,  and  whichever  foal  is  nearest  the  outlet,  deliver 
first,  first  making  sure  that  the  legs  which  are  presented,  and 
that  you  are  pulling  on,  are  the  legs  of  the  same  foal.  The 
second  foal  :omes  very  easily. 


.^  ^ 


i.ss 


TIIH  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i  f 


I    3 


I 


■! 


Sometimes  the  foal  will  Ik-  lyiiij;  parli.illv  up<>'\  its  >\'\r  and 
the  feet  will  not  come  out  strai^lit,  l»it  strike  tlic  --iilc  nl  the 
passage  and  prevent  delivery.  In  such  a  case  slraiKliteii  by 
rolling  the  f(L'tus  down  onto  its  liclly. 

Kach  mal  presentation  must  l>c  curefnlly  studied  and  good 
judgment  used  as  to  the  la-t  way  to  correct,  renienilHring  that 
gentleness  and  cleanliness  are  very  important. 

Deformities  or  friaks  of  nature  hardly  ever  occur  twice  alike, 
so  no  >j)eciric  instruction-  as  to  assisting  delivery  can  In.-  given. 
A  tliorough  examination  must  he  made,  and  good  judgment  used 
as  to  the  Ixst  way  of  proceeding,  acting  on  plans  given  in  the 
diiTcrent  ixjsilions. 

In  all  cases  where  it  is  n"cessary  to  pusli  the  foal  hack  into 
the  w<mih,  the  hind  parts  should  he  raised,  l)y  hoards,  liy  hed- 
ding,  or  by  head  of  mare  iK'ir^'  turned  down  liill,  as  this  will  tend 
to  make  the  foal  go  forwards.  It  is  always  hc-t  to  use  the  hands, 
and  pieces  of  fine  roiie,  avoiding  as  f.ir  as  jxissihle  11  knives, 
hooks  and  harsh  mcthoils.  Sonietiines.  wlien  ii  is  imiiiissil)le  'o 
correct  a  presentation,  it  is  necessarv  to  cut  up  tlie  foetus  within 
the  womb.  A  veterinarian  should  always  \)>.  secured  for  the  ojkt 
alion. 

Blunt  or  even  sliarp  hooks  can  sometimes  be  used  to  advan- 
tage in  correcting  a  presentation,  hut  due  cautiiju  must  be  used 
not  to  injure  tlie  mother,  and  lliey  should  always  i)e  attached  to 
a  rope  to  avoid  dropping  them 

If  a  marc  is  not  delivered  of  her  foal  in  a  half  hour,  or  such 
a  matter,  after  the  lal)or  conunences,  there  is  sonuhiing  wrong, 
tor  when  everything  is  normal  llie  contractions  of  the  womb  and 
abo.iminal  walls  are  so  jiowerful  that  she  foals  in  a  few  minutes. 
It  is  best,  after  waiting  as  above,  to  make  an  examination,  and  if 
anything  is  wrong  to  right  it  at  once,  for  it  is  easier  to  do  it 
immediately  than  after  the  mare  has  been  sick  for  :i  couple  hours. 
By  so  doing  the  mare's  life  is  often  saved  as  well  as  that  of  the 
foal. 

CLEANING— PLACENTA,  OR  AFTER  3IRTH.— 

Sometimes   the  mare  will  not  clean  properly,  and  pan   of  the 


DISH  ASKS  OF  THK  lIOkMJ 


«59 


motiibranes  remain  atlacliwl  to  inside  of  ti;e  wotnl),  and  it  will  \ye 
li.fl  hauging  out  Ih^IuikI.     In  such  a  cast-  try  tlu-  following; 

Raw  I.inMol  Oil }<  iiiiit. 

Sweet  Spirits  of  NiUr i  ouiu-f. 

Fluiil  Kxtract  of  IU>lla(li>iiii:i I  tea.s{KKjnful. 

y)/(.r  anil  nivv  ns  n  ■Iniiih. 

Put  cloths,  wrung  out  in  hot  water,  or  ,i  peck  of  hot  salt  in  a 
bag  on  the  loins  and  cover  to  keep  in  iieat.  If  this  does  not 
cause  it  to  come  away  in  the  collr^e  of  twciity-futir  hours  it  will 
I'ave  to  l^e  removed.  Ha\e  mare  held  \>y  the  head,  with  one 
front  leg  held  up  so  she  cannot  kick,  and  the  tail  luhl  to  one  side. 
f)il  the  hand  and  arm  with  the  CarlK)li/eii  Oil,  take  hold  of  iiieiii- 
hrane  with  left  hand  and  twist  it,  while  the  right  is  passed  in  to 
where  the  nienihrane  is  attached  i'  the  w(unl):  commence  at  top, 
graduallv  detaching  it,  working  the  fingers  gently  in  between  it 
,iiid  the  womb;  do  not  be  harsh,  dive  the  mare  a  teaspoouful 
of  Saltpeter  two  or  three  times  a  day  for  a  few  days. 

FLOODING-  PROFUSE  BLEEDING  AFTER 
FOALING.— 

Causes. — From  failure  of  the  womb  to  contract  after  foaling; 
from  congestion  or  laceration;  or  with  eversioii  of  the  womb. 

Sywp/oms. — If  blot)d  accumul.ites  in  the  womb  from  not  con- 
tracting, it  may  be  only  suspected  by  reason  of  advancing  weak- 
ness; swaying,  unsteady  gait;  hanging  head,  paleness  of  the  eyes 
and  other  mucous  mcmbrar  s,  and  weak,  failing  pulse.  A  hand 
examination  in  the  womb  d  tects  blood  clots.  If  it  escapes  from 
the  vulva,  the  condition  is  evident 

Trk.\tmknt. — 

Give  a  large  dose  of  Fluid  Kxtract  of  Ergot — i  ounce— repeat- 
ing in  half  an  hour,  and  apply  cold  water  or  ice  to  the  loins  and 
external  generative  organs.  Besides  this,  remove  clot,  if  present, 
and  flush  out  the  womb  with  an  Alum  or  Iron  solution  from  i  to 
2  ounces  of  Alum  or  Sulphate  of  Iron  (Copperas)  to  each  quart 
of  water  used.     Flush  as  in  "Leucorrhea,"  filling  the  womb  full. 

AFTER-PAINS.— These  are  the  labor  pains  continued 
after  the  foal  is  out  of  the  womb. 


jmrnsmrngmmm 


>^-JU,Jcarj--. 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    T£5T    CHART 

AN'jl  ilrirl   ISO  IFSI    I  HARI   No    2 


1.0 


I.I 


IIL2-8      M  2.5 


--   ii-M    III  Z2 
u    ii£     11112:0 


1.8 


.25 


1-4     il.6 


^     -^PPLfEn   IKA^IGE     Ir- 


l^"^ THJ-;  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

5rw/./,w/i.--  Animal  will  continue  to  strain  the  same  as 
tliougli  iho  foal  bad  not  l)een  born, 

TkHAT.MKNT. — 

First  examine  to  find  cause;  if  another  foal  and  correctly 
prcscnud,  allow  her  to  expel  it;  if  from  bleeding,  treat  as  under 
that  head;  if  everything  is  normal,  and  the  straining  is  due  to 
tKTvous  irritation,  keep  mare  quiet,  and  watch  her  that  she  does 
not  force  the  womb  out,  and  give  the  following  to  relieve  the 
paius: 

Chloral  Hydrate j  ounce. 

_   ,  ^^'^tcr ;/  pint.  " 

Laudanum j  ounce. 

Fluid  Extract  RcUadonna i  teaspoouful. 

Sweet  Spirits  Xiter i  ounce. 

^'"K^"' I  Uibkspoonful 

ylZ/jr  in  lukewarm  water  and  j,'ive  as  a  drench; 
repeat  every  hour  and  a  half  or  two  hours,  until 
relieved. 

Put  a  peck  of  hot  salt  in  a  bag  and  apply  that  to  tiie  loins, 
or  apply  hot  blankets  as  in  "inflammation  of  the  Kidneys,"  and 
give  her  a  hot  bran  mash.  Stay  with  her  until  all  straining 
ceases,  aud  if  womb  should  start  to  evert,  prevent  it  by  clasping 
lips  of  vulva  and  holding  them  together. 

EVERSION  OF  THE  VAGINA.-This  is  the  turning 
out  of  the  vagina,  or  passage  leading  from  the  womb. 

Causes. —I' mm  standing  in  the  stall  with  hind  feet  too  low 
before  foaling;  from  lying  down,  when  on  account  of  being  so 
full,  the  womb  pre.sses  back  and  forces  the  vagina  out;  from 
straining  to  pass  manure. 

Sjwp/iV/ts.— There  is  a  bulging  out  of  the  passage  through 
the  vulva,  forming  a  large  red  tumor;  it  may  show  only  when 
lying  down,  going  back  when  the  mare  gets  up,  or  it  may  becom*" 
swollen  and  remain  out. 

Treatment. — 

Bathe  the  part  well  by  pouring  over  it  cold  water,  which 
removes  the  dirt  and  reduces  the  size;  do  not  rub  the  part;  if  the 


DISEASES  OK  THE  HORSE 


i6i 


dii .  Joes  not  all  flush  off,  pick  it  cfl  gently;  follow  by  pouring 
over  it  slowly  a  quart  of  Alum  water: 

Alum I  to    jounces. 

Water l  quart. 

Also  pour  over  it  a  weak  Carbolic  Acid  solution: 

Carbolic  Aciil i^  teaspoonfuls. 

Water I  quart. 

Now  return  it  by  placing  the  palm  of  the  left  hand  against 
the  back  of  tumor  and  gently  pushing,  and  with  the  right  hand 
near  tlie  vulva,  gently  work  it  back  to  place;  see  that  the  finger- 
nails of  the  right  hand  are  short*  so  as  not  to  irritate  the  part. 
After  returning  it,  it  must  be  retained;  some  do  this  by  applying 
a  truss,  which  allows  the  animal  to  make  water,  but  prevents  the 
return  of  the  accident.  Trusses  are  hard  to  keep  in  place,  fre- 
quently get  off,  allowing  the  accident  to  re-occur;  the  best  way 
to  retain,  is  to  put  in  sutures,  or  stitches,  across  the  vulva.  Use 
strips  of  good  factory,  an  inch  wide,  for  the  stitches.  To  put 
them  in,  pick  up  a  fold  of  the  skin  back  from  the  vulva,  four  or 
five  inches,  where  the  hair  conunences,  take  a  sharp  knife  and 
thrust  the  blade  through  this  fold,  between  the  fingers  and  the 
body,  remove  the  blade,  and  before  letting  go  of  the  fold,  push 
one  end  of  the  stitch  through  the  cut  with  a  blunt  nail,  let  go  the 
fold  and  you  have  the  stitch  underneath  an  inch  or  more  of  skin, 
which  will  not  tear  out.  Put  the  other  end  of  the  stitch  through 
a  fold  on  the  other  side  of  the  vulva  in  the  same  manner,  and 
then  tie  the  two  ends  together  across  the  vulva.  Put  in  about 
three  stitches,  and  there  will  be  no  chance  for  the  accident  to 
re-occur.  The  stitches  will  not  interfere  with  urinating.  If  she 
does  not  strain,  the  stitches  need  not  be  tied  tight.  If  she  strains, 
give  drugs  as  for  "After- Pains."  As  the  time  for  delivery 
approaches,  she  must  be  watched  closely,  and  stitches  removed  as 
pains  come  on;  after  delivery  and  when  the  after-birth  has  been 
removed,  put  the  stitches  in  again  for  a  few  days.  After  this 
accident,  keep  the  animal  where  the  hips  will  be  the  higher. 
Control  the  mare  during  the  operation  with  a  twist  and  side  line, 
or  hobbles,  if  necessary. 


i  ■- 


I  "  3  ■ 


f:"l 


162 


THIi  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


EVERSION  OF  THE  WOMB-FOAL  BED 

TURNED  OUT-  If  the  woml.  fails  to  contract  after  difficult 
foalni-,  ilK- attcr-pains  will  soiiietiiiKs  lead  to  the  organ  turning 
inside  out  and  passing  out  through  tlie  vagina,  hanging  as  a  large 
red  mass  from  the  vulva,  isouietinies  extending  down  to  the 
hocks. 

Treatment. — 

Put  hobbles  on  the  mare  if  necessary  to  prevent   kicking. 
Have  two  assistants  hold  a  .lean  sheet  under   the  womb  to  sup- 
port It,  and  gentl3-  clean  it  as  in  the  preceding  disorder,  using  'he 
cold  water,  Alum,  and  Carbolic  lotions.     Support  the  womb  with 
the  hands  and   flush  off  any  dire  that  may  collect  in  the  sheet; 
great  care  is  necessary  in  cleaning  the  part.     After  this  is  done.' 
return  it  by  connnencing  around  the  vulva  and  putting  it  back! 
Have  the  aiwistants  hold  the  womb  as  high  as  the  vidva,  so  its 
weight  will  not  puU  it  out.     vSometimes  by  taking  a  Icng  strip  of 
cloth,  commencing  at  the  lower  end  and  winding  it  round  and 
around  the  womb  as  tightly  as  p>ssible,  it  forces  the  blood  out 
and  reduces  the  size  and  helps  in  making  it  return  more  easily; 
then  as  the  womb  is  returned,  gradi.ally  unwind  the  cloth.     Re-' 
turning  the  womb  is  a  long,  hard  job;  don't  get  in  a  hurry,  but 
be  gentle.     After  half  or  more  has  been  rettimed,  it  will  go  in 
much  faster.     After  it  has  been  returned,  pass  the  oiled  hand  in 
and  smooth  the  womb  out  as  nearly  natural  as  possible.     Put  in 
the  sulures  to  retain  it  as  in  the  preceding  disorder.     While  it  is 
being  returned,  and  for  some  days  afterward,  keep  the  hind  parts 
the  higher.     Give  the  mare  at  the  beginning  of  the  operation,  to 
stop  her  straining,  the  drugs  as  recommended  for  "After-Pains," 
continuing  their  use  f<T  two  or  three  days  if  there  is  any  strain- 
ing, giving  every  three  or  four  hours.     If  the  aft.T-1)irlh  is  still 
attached  to  the  womb,  remove   it   before  returning.     This  is  a 
serious  accident  with  the  mare,  and  if  the  womb  gets  injured 
while  out^,  chances  fur  recovery  are  very  slight.     As  there  is  a 
tendency  r'or  inflammation  to  set  in,  the  following  treatment  should 
be   given    after   the   womb   is   returned.     Feed   very   light,    on 
easily  digested,  laxative  food,  and  give  from  a  pint  to  a  quart  of 


?f  i. 


i)isi!:Asi!;s  uF  thic  horsk  163 

(aw  I.insted  Oil  and  from  2  to  4  ounces  of  Epsom  Salts  daily  to 
Kccp  the  bowels  loose;  also  use  the  following: 

Fluiil  Uxtract  of  nelladonna 2  ounces. 

Vluiil  Ivxtract  of  Aconite  2  clracbnia. 

Alcohol 6  ounces. 

Saltpeter 4      " 

Water  to  make i  quart. 

Doit:  2  ounces  three  or  four  tinie.s  a  day, 
co.itinuiii)^  five  or  six  days. 

If  after  a  time,  the  animal  becomes  dull,  pulse  becomes  more 
rapid,  temperature  rises,  inflammation  is  developing;  then  treat  as 
for  "Inflammation  of  the  Womb."  Remove  the  sutures  after 
conditions  appear  to  ho.  normal. 

RUPTURE  OF  THE  WOMB.~This  may  occur  from 
the  feet  of  the  foal  ihiring  delivery,  or  from  ill-directed  efforts  to 
assist,  but  it  is  esjxicially  liable  to  occur  when  there  is  an  eversiou 
of  the  woml).  Tlie  resultant  dangers  are  bleeding  from  the 
wound,  escaiK-  of  bowels  through  the  ojKining,  and  their  fatal 
injury  by  the  mare's  feet  or  otherwise;  from  i>eritonitis,  and  from 
the  escape  of  poisonous  liquids  of  the  womb  into  the  abdominal 
cavity. 

Trkatmknt. — 

If  in  an  eversion  of  the  womb,  the  first  thing  to  do  is  to 
'  Inse  the  wound,  whicli  must  be  carefully  sewed  up  before  the 
u-omb  is  returned,  with  catgut  sutures.  After  its  return,  inject 
daily  of  the  following:  Boracic  Acid  %  ounce,  or  Carbolic  Acid 
;,  drachms,  to  i  quart  of  water.  If  inflammation  threatens  give 
treatment  as  for  "Inflammation  of  the  Womb."  When  from  feet 
of  foal,  or  from  ill-directed  effort  to  as.sist,  little  can  be  done, 
other  than  the  medicinal  treatment;  it  will  probably  prove  fatal. 

RUPTURE   OF   THE   VAGINA,  OR   PASSAGE.- 

When  this  happens  it  occurs  during  the  act  of  foaling,  and  is 
flone  by  the  legs  of  the  foal  in  coming  through  the  passage  not 
coming  straight,  or  from  the  foal  being  too  large  for  the  passage. 
In  some  cases  where  the  mare  is  not  attended  at  the  outset,  the 
legs  are  found,  one  out  through  the  natural  pa-ssage,  and  the 


li 


1 64 


Till-   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


other  by  a  rupliiro,  tlirough  the  anus.  Again,  the  mare  may 
have  seemingly  foaled  all  right,  but  later  mainire  is  seen  coming 
through  the  vulva.  Au  examination  with  oiled  hand  and  arm  will 
locate  the  rupture. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  in  a  case  where  foal  is  coming  out,  and  is  caught  with  a 
leg  in  each  passage,  oil  the  hand  anil  push  back  into  vV(jnd),  and 
bring  both  legs  out  the  right  way.  Keep  mare  very  quiet  and 
give  soft  feed,  with  plenty  of  Flaxseed  in  it  to  keep  the  bowels 
free,  anil  if  in  season  let  her  have  fresh  cut  grass.  If  bowels  are 
cohlive,  give  I  pint  doses  of  Unseed  Oil  to  keep  them  open,  but 
not  too  loose.  If  feverish,  use  the  jirescription  as  in  "Kversion 
of  the  Womb."  nhish  out  the  vagina  twice  a  day  with  the 
following:  Horacic  Acid  i  ounce,  water  i  quart;  close  lips  of 
vulva  around  the  tube  and  fill  vagina  full;  once  a  day  flush  with 
Carbolic  Acid  2  tcaspoonfuls,  water  i  quart.  Use  tube  and 
funnel,  as  for  "i,cucorriiea." 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  VAGINA  AND 
V  U  L  V  A.- 

Caiese.-  Often  follows  a  difficult  case  of  foaling. 

Sy»/M>r?/s.—Thc  vulva  is  iiiflamed  and  swollen  and  the 
membrane  of  the  i)assage  a  bright  red,  with  more  or  less  discharge. 
Trk.vtimiat.— 

Cive  the  animal  r  [lint  of  Linseed  Oil  to  move  the  bowels, 
and  then  keip  them  free,  feeding  soft  food  with  boiled  b'laxseed 
in  it.  If  in  season,  feed  freely  with  fresh  cut  grass;  if  not,  bran 
mashes  with  3  to  4  ounces  Epsom  Salts  daily.  Bathe  outside  of 
vu.va  with  warm  water,  and  flush  out  vagina  as  in  preceding  dis- 
order, and  give  internally  the  prescription  as  reconnneuded  for 
"Inflammation  of  the  Womb."  U.se  injections  and  bathing 
freely. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  WOMB-METRITIS.- 

This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  substance  of  the  womb. 

Ca/tscs.— From  injuries  to  the  womb  during  or  after  a  diflS- 
cult  case  of  foaling;  from  exposure  to  cold  or    wet;  from    the 


"-ai 


DISK  AS  ES  OF  THE  HORSE  165 

action  of  putrid  products  in  the  womb,  and  from  using  dirty 
instruments,  ropes  and  hands  when  assisting  in  deHvery;  also 
follows  eversiou  of  the  wcinb. 

Sy»ipfo>iis. — Usually  comes  on  two  or  three  days  after  foaling. 
There  is  first  shivering,  staring  coat,  small,  rapid  pulse,  elevated 
temperature,  quickened  breathinji:,  loss  of  apix'tite,  arched  back, 
stiff  movement  nf  body,  looking  back  at  flanki,  uneasy  motion  u{ 
hind  legs,  discharge  from  \rulva  of  a  reddisli  or  yellowish  fluid, 
which  later  may  Ik;  whitisl  or  glairy,  and  fetid  or  not.  Hv  pass- 
ing oiled  hand  in  through  the  vagina,  the  womb  will  be  found  to 
be  hot,  swollen  and  sensiti\-e. 

Tkkatment.— 

Give  a  laxative  in  the  form  of  a  pint  to  a  quart  of  raw  Lin- 
seed Oil  and  3  or  4  ounces  cif  Epsom  Salts,  and  repeat  Oil  daily  to 
keep  bowels  active;  also  gi\c  the  following: 

Fluiil  Kxtract  of  Belladuuna „  i  ounce. 

Fhiid  Kxtrait  t)f  .Vconite i  drachm. 

Alcohol 4  ounces. 

Saltpeter 2       " 

Water  to  make i  pint 

Dosr:  2  ounces  fo\ir  or  fi\e  times  a  Jay, 

If  temperature  runs  hi;^h,  give  i  drachm  of  Acttanilid  and 
an  ounce  of  Alcohol  in  j^  put  of  water  morning  and  night.  Half- 
drachm  doses  of  Quinine  tw.>  or  three  times  a  day  are  also  good. 
Flush  out  the  womb  very  rVeely  with  warm  water  until  water 
flows  away  clear,  then  inject  twice  a  day: 

Boracic  Acid i  ounce, 

Wanr.  water r  quart. 

And  also  twice  a  day: 

Carbolic  Acid...., 3  teaspocnfuls. 

Warm  water i  quart. 

In  flushing,  use  tube  and  fuiniel  as  in  "Leucorrhea,"  filling 
womb  full  by  closing  lips  of  \uh'a  with  the  hand.  Apply,  almost 
continuously,  hot  blankets  to  the  loins,  as  in  "Inflamiration  of 
the  Kidneys."  Mustard  paste  applied  to  the  loins  is  also  good. 
If  much  pa^n  is  manifest,  give  3  grain  doses  of  Morphine  every 
three  hours. 

Following  the  flushing  out  of  the  womb,  watch  her  to  see 
that  the  straining  does  not  evert  the  or^an. 


I 

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i6»  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

INJURIES  TO  HIPS  DURING  FOALING.— 

Sjw/>/c>ms. —Ther*:  will  be  a  falling  away  of  the  muscles  on 
the  allectod  side,  and  the  animal  will  be  stiff  and  lame. 

Tkeatment — 

Apply  to  the  muscles  of  the  hip  on  the  affected  side  some 
Kood,  sliiiuilatiiig  liniment,  and  if  this  fnils,  blister  as  described 
under  "RinK  Hone."  During  treatment  let  animal  run  to  grass, 
which  will  also  give  needed  e.xercise.  Some  time  is  refjuired  in 
such  cases  for  complete  recovery. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  UDDER- MAMMITIS 

—  GARGET.  -  This   is   an    inflammation    of    the   glands   that 
secrete  the  milk. 

Causes.— From  exposure  by  lying  on  the  cold,  damp  ground, 
in  fall  or  spring;  from  foal  not  sucking  properly;  or  from  injury! 
Not  very  common  with  the  mare. 

Sjmphvns.— One  or  both  the  milk  glands  become  enlarged, 
hot,  and  tender;  the  milk  dries  up,  or  is  replaced  by  a  watery, 
or  reddish  serous  fluid,  which  at  times  becomes  fetid;  animal  may 
walk  lame,  lose  appetite,  and  show  general  di.sorder  and  fever. 

Tkkatmbnt. — 

Give  1/^  pound  of  Kpsom  Salts  and  repeat  in  two  days  if 
bowels  do  not  move  quite  freely;  also  give  internallv  the  follow- 

Fluid  Extract  Ri.-IIacIonna i  ovince. 

Fluid  Extract  Aconite I  drachm. 

Saltpeter j  ounces. 

Water  to  make j  pint. 

Dose:    2  ounces  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Bathe  the  udder  with  hot  water  for  two  or  three  hours  at  a 
time,  and  then  apply  one  of  the  following:     Camphorated  oil,  or; 

Turpentine i  part. 

Spirits  of  Camphor,  or  Lard 4  parts 

Turpentine 2  ounces. 

Fluid  E\tr.n  t  of  Belladonna 1        " 

Soap  iiiniment 4       " 


DISKASKS  OF  THK  HORSK  167 

If  milk  shoi  Id  become  thick,  inject  into  the  udder,  through 
a  milking  tube,  varni  water  i  pint,  Carbolic  Acid  i  teaspoonful, 
then  knead  the  uuier  thoroughly  and  milk  out.  It  an  abscess 
should  form,  open   ♦  and  wash  out  with  a  Carbolic  Acid  solution. 

SORE  TEATS,  CRACKS,  WARTS.-From  sucking, 
especially  in  cold  weather,  the  teats  are  subject  to  abrasions, 
cracks  and  scabs,  and  as  the  result  of  such  irritation,  or  inde- 
pendently, warts  sometimes  will  grow  and  bocoine  troublesome. 
The.se  should  be  clipped  oil  with  sharp  scissors  and  their  roots 
burned  with  a  stick  of  Lunar  Caustic  For  sore  leaU  u.se  aii 
ointment  made  of: 

Vaseline i  cunce. 

Balsam  Tol;i. 5  ^rrains 

Sulphate  ■>f  Zinc 5  grams. 

Ntx  anil  apply 

Or: 

Vaseline .     i  onnce. 

Subnitrate  of  Hisnmth ^      " 

Carbolic  AcicL.... 15  drops. 

PUERPERAL  FEVER.-This  is  a  benign  fever,  usually 
occurring  on  the  second  or  third  day  after  foaling.  It  is  aggra- 
vated by  colds,  expf)sure,  or  neglect. 

Symptoms. — Are  those  of  a  genera!  fever,  accelerated  pulse 
and  respiration,  higher  temperature;  ears  and  extremities  are 
cold ;  bowels  constipated ;  urine  scanty  and  high-colored:  milk 
secretion  suspended;  udder  inclined  to  inflammation  and  hard- 
neas;  appetite  more  or  less  affected.  May  o<:cur  in  mares  of  all 
ages,  but  is  most  often  met  with  after  the  first  pregnancy,  and  it 
seems  to  accompany  the  effort  of  nature  to  secrete  the  milk.  The 
symptoms  of  the  more  sev(.'re  disorders  are  absent 

Treatment.— 

Keep  the  animal  warm,  but  in  a  place  where  there  is  plenty 
of  fresh  air.  Give  .>oft  food,  grass  if  ui  season,  and  plenty  of  pure 
water  to  drink;  give  internallv  the  treatment  as  recommended  to 
be  given  internally  for  "Inhammation  of  the  Udder."  One-half 
drachm  doses  of  (Quinine  twice  a  day  are  also  good  Recovery 
generally  takes  place  in  two  or  three  days  unless  complications 
ari:3e. 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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SWELLING  ALONG  THE  BELLY  BEFORE  FOAL- 
ING— DROPSY.— This  begins  at  lliv  ii.ldcr  three  or  funr  weeks 
before  foaling,  and  txtends  gradu.illy  forward  initil  the  swilling 
reaches  between  the  fore  legs.  The  aninial  shows  uo  signs  of 
being  sick,  and  eats  as  well  as  usual. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  mare  is  accustomed  to  Ix-ing  shut  up  in  the  stable,  lot  her 
out  where  she  can  have  exercise  every  day,  and  give  the  'nix- 
tures  as  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion,"  giving  about 
one-half  the  dose.  Keep  the  bowels  motlerately  lo<ise  by  repeat- 
ing 54  pint  doses  of  raw  Linseed  Oil  and  laxative  f>)ods.  Not 
serious  usually,  but  best  to  h^  looked  after.  Mare  is  usually  all 
right  after  foaling. 

ABORTION,  OR  SLINKING  THE  FOAL.— This  is  a 

term  used  in  case  the  foetus  is  expelled  from  tlie  womb  before  it 
is  capable  of  surviving  outside  that  organ.  If  advanced  enough 
to  live,  but  before  the  regular  period,  it  is  called  premature  birth. 
Causes. — From  over  work;  from  injurj-  in  any  way;  from 
sigi  or  smell  of  blood,  if  it  frightens;  from  slipping;  from  acute 
disease;  from  poor  feeding  and  over-feeding. 

Svinploms. — Vary  according  as  early  or  late  in  pregnancy. 
In  first  or  second  month,  mare  may  miscarry  without  observable 
symptoms,  and  fact  only  apj)ears  by  her  coming  in  heat.  If 
somewhat  later,  there  will  be  loss  of  appetite,  neighing  and 
straining,  and  the  small  f(etus  is  expelled  with  its  coverings.  At 
a  still  later  stage  the  symptoms  will  be  still  more  marked,  and 
mare  will  be  very  r^rstless,  get  up  and  down,  walk  around  'iiilil 
the  labor  pains  come  on,  which  sf)on  cause  the  water  i;..,s.(  to 
appear  and  break,  and  delivery  will  soon  be  completed  if  presen- 
tation is  correct.  This  may  occupy  in  all  an  hoiu:  or  two,  or 
may  continue  a  day  or  wo,  the  symptoms  subsiding  for  a  time, 
only  to  reappear  with  renewed  energy. 

Treatment  — 

Shonld  be  preventive,  if  possible — avoiding  all  conditions 
which  might  cause  the  accident.  After  the  pains  come  on,  it  is 
doubtful   if  the  accident  can   l)e  prevented.     Flv.id  Extract  of 


DISKASIiS  OF  THE  HORSE 


169 


Ulack  Haw,  in  from  li  to  i  ouuce  doses,  is  sometimes  used, 
rtjKatiug  every  three  or  four  hours,  until  (juiet;  l-j  ounce  doses 
of  Chloral  Hydrate,  in  '^j  pint  of  water,  may  also  be  given.  H 
pains  continue,  however,  but  act  does  not  progress,  assist,  as 
with  difficult  parturition.  Give  the  animal  rest  for  a  few  days, 
feed  lightly,  giving  bran  mashes,  small  doses  of  oil  and  a  tea- 
spoonful  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day.  (See  Contagious  Abor- 
tiou  in  CATTI-Ii  DEl'AKTilENTj. 


DISEASES  AND  CARE  OF  YOUNG  FOALS. 


BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NAVEL.— This  is  caused  by 
the  blood  vessels  not  closing  when  the  cord  is  broken. 

Sytnptoms. — Blood  dropping  from  the  end  of  the  cord;  may 
be  slight  or  rapid. 

Tre.^tment. — 

Tie  a  string  around  the  cord  al>out  an  inch  from  the  body. 
If  the  cord  is  broken  of!  so  short  that  it  cainiot  be  ligaled,  fold  a 
piece  of  cloth,  saturate  it  with  Alum,  or  Copperas  water  (an  ounce 
of  either  to  ;j  pint  of  water),  place  the  cloth  against  the  navel, 
and  hold  it  in  place  by  a  bandage  about  the  body;  have  the 
l)andage  tight.  Use  Carbolic  Acid  lotion. 

Sometimes  the  urine  will  flow  from  the  cord.  There  is  a 
lube  leading  from  the  bladder  down  through  the  cord  in  the 
t'letus,  and  when  this  does  not  close,  as  it  .should  when  the  cord 
l)reaks,  the  urine  flows  from  it.  The  treatment  is  to  ligate,  the 
s.-inie  as  for  bleeding.  Sometimes  the  other  natural  opening  is 
not  formed  and  then  ligating  will  cause  death,  but  if  the  natural 
duct  cannot  be  opened,  the  foal  may  as  well  be  destroyed. 

CONSTIPATION  IN  YOUNG  FOALS.— There  is  diffi- 
culty sometimes  in  getting  the  bowels  of  a  young  foal  to  move. 


Ji't 


170 THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Causes. -h'Tom  the  mare  IjciiiK  fcl  on  very  dry  food,  and 
from  fuals  lun  getting  tlie  mothers  first  milk,  which  is  a  laxative. 

.S>w//)/<w«i.— Foal  will  Ik-  noticed  to  Ije  f nil.  r  than  usual; 
does  not  want  to  suck;  strains  as  if  wantiuR  to  pass  sonu-thinR.' 
but  without  result'  .  .uul  sonu-tinics  will  lie  down  and  Ujok  around 
at  his  sides  as  though  in  pain.  If  not  relieved  in  a  little  while, 
refuses  to  get  up. 

Tki:.\tmj;  ,T. — 

Give  small  iiijei-tions  of  Inkewarin  wattr,  with  a  little  raw 
Linseed  Oil  in  it.  three  <*  four  times  a  day.  In  some  cases  it  is 
necessary  to  oil  the  fiii>;er  mid  insert  it  i:i  the  rectum  to  clear  out 
the  hardened  feces,  l)ut  in  so  doing  he  careful  about  irritating 
the  bowels.  Give  2  or  3  ounces  of  raw  Lin.sectl  Oil  and  i 
teaspouiiful  of  whiskey,  mixed  well  together,  re{)saling  this  three 
times  a  day,  until  the  Iwwels  move  and  the  foal  seems  lietter. 
In  very  obstinate  cases  fnjni  ;4  to  i  ounce  of  lip.som  Salts  can 
be  given.  This  is  for  a  day-old  colt,  and  the  amount  can  be 
increased  in  pr()ix)rtion  to  size.     Keep  coll  warm  and  comfortable. 

DIARRHEA   IN   YOUNG  FOALS.     This  is  the  reverse 

of  above. 

(ai/sfs.—Vrom  exposure  and  lying  on  damp  ground  too  soon 
after  foaling;  from  excitement  by  the  mare  being  turned  in  with 
otlier  horses;  from  the  mart's  milk  being  too  rich,  or  too  jwor; 
or  from  sucking  while  the  mother  is  too  heated  up  from  work. 

Symptoms. — Arc  obvious  in  the  watery  discharges. 
Treatmkxt.— 

If  the  cause  can  be  discovered  remove  it,  whether  in  sur- 
roundings, milk,  or  conditions  of  feeding.     Give  the  colt: 

Whiskey J  tcaspoonful. 

Laudanum i  •■ 

V^owx I  tablespoonful. 

Mix  all  with  a  little  of  the  mare's  milk  and 
repeat  every  four  or  five  hours  until  foal  is  re- 
lieved. 

Keep  the  \.  xly  of  the  colt  warm.  A  httle  Linseed  or  Starch 
gruel  is  also  good.     If  these  fail,  Copperas  is  ^ood— dissolve  a 


■«» 


rtf  » 


nrsKAsics  oi-  Tin-  horse 171 

feasjxxjnful  of  Copjieras  in  2  'iiiices  of  water  and  give  a  teaspoon- 
ful  of  the  s»)luliim  in  a  little  milk,  alternated  with  the  Laudanum 
mixture.     From  i  to  3  teasixxjnfuls  of  the  following  is  good: 

Corrottive  Sutjliiiiate... 4  grain*. 

Water ^  pint. 

Dissolve  Corrosive  Sublimate  \a  tlie  water 
•nd  give  aa  directed. 

LEAKING  OF  THE  NAVEL,  AND  RHEUMATISM 
IN  YOUNG  FOALS.— 

Causes. — Hy  mjiiic  it  is  said  to  bo  due  to  a  germ  petting  into 
mvel,  while  others  say  the  cause  is  a  cold,  a  chill,  or  an  injury. 

Sytnptoms. — At  first  one  hind  leg  will  be  noticed  as  being 
lame,  and  some  joint  swollen  and  tender;  and  there  will  be  mor'. 
or  less  discharge  at  the  cord.  Navel  may  also  be  swollen  and 
inflamed.  Swell iii^  in  leg  may  move  from  leg  to  leg  for  a  few 
days,  when  it  will  settle  in  one  of  the  joints,  which  is  apt  to 
fester  and  break,  the  discharge  being  offensive.  When  this  ceases 
to  run  and  begins  healing,  another  joint  will  swell  and  fester;  this 
condition  keeping  up  until  colt  weakens  and  dies.  Sometimes 
the  joints  do  not  break,  but  the  navel  discharge  is  continuous, 
resulting  finally  in  death  from  exhaustion. 

Tkeatmknt. — 

If  attended  to  at  the  outset,  it  Is  curable.  Apply  Monsell's 
Solution  of  Iron  to  the  navel  with  a  feather  two  or  three  times 
daily,  and  if  inflamed,  foment  with  hot  water.  Give  tJie  foal  5^ 
teaspoonful  of  Salol  in  a  tablespoonful  of  oil  and  a  little  milk 
\hree  times  daily.  Foment  the  swollen  joints  with  hot  waiter  and 
ipply  a  good  stimulating  liniment;  if  they  break,  continue  the 
bathing  and  use  Carbolic  Acid  solution.  The  following  will  also 
be  good  to  give: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna I  drachm. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite- la  drops. 

&«  jet  Spirits  of  Niter- i  oooce. 

Water  to  make „ t  pint. 

Dose:  I  to  2  ounces  three  to  five  times  a  day. 

SMp  Um  oolt  qoict  nd  vann.  aad  help  It  tip  to  nniM. 


Ml 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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WEAKNESS  IN  THE  LEGS  AND  JOINTS  OF 
YOUNG  FOALS.— Bandage  legs  to  support  and  strengthen 
them,  giving  first  a  good  hand  rubbing.  If  dowu  and  cmuot  get 
up,  raise  him  up  several  times  daily  to  suck,  and  give  him  a 
chance  to  put  strength  in  his  legs. 

CROOKEDNESS  OF  THE  LEGS  IN  YOUNG 
FOALS. — Soinetinies  they  will  be  over  on  the  knees,  while  in 
other  cases  the  crookedni  ss  will  be  in  hind  legs. 

Tkeatmknt. — 

Leave  the  foal  alone;  do  not  try  to  do  anything  with  the 
legs.  Simply  feed  him  well,  and  as  he  gets  strong  on  his  legs, 
they  will  straighten  up. 

DIS-^EMPER  IN  FOALS.— See  "Distemper,  or  Stran- 
gles," page  197. 


CASTRATION— DISEASES  AND  TROUBLES 
FOLLOWING 


This  operation  had  best  be  left  to  (he  veterinarian,  when- 
ever it  is  possible  to  do  so.  It  is  usually  done  at  one  year 
of  age,  out  may  be  accomplished  when  a  few  weeks  old,  at  the 
expense  of  an  imperfect  development  of  the  fore  parts.  The  sim- 
plicity and  safety  of  the  operation  are  greatest  in  the  young,  but 
a  delay  until  two,  three,  or  four  years  old  will,  in  some  cases, 
secure  a  better  development  and  carriage  of  the  fore  parts.  The 
essential  part  of  castration  is  the  safe  removal  or  destruction  of 
the  testicle,  and  the  arrest  and  prevention  of  bleeding  from  the 
spermatic  artery  found  in  tJie  antfior  part  of  the  cord.  The 
months  of  April,  May  or  June  are  the  best  months  to  operate  in, 
after  the  colt  has  been  turned  out  to  grass  for  ten  days  or  more, 
and  is  shedding  bis  coat.  The  fall  of  the  year  is  also  a  good  thne 
for  operating. 


niSICASKS  OF  TIIIv  ITORSR 


173 


PRECAUTIONS   BEFORE   OPERATING.- Do  not 

operate  on  a  colt  unless  he  is  in  good  condition  and  healthy. 
Select  a  time  when  the  weather  is  ri,<;ht— neither  too  hot,  nor  too 
^old— avoid  cold  winds  and  damp  weather  particularly.  If  more 
than  a  year  old,  feed  lightly  the  day  previous,  so  the  l)owels  will 
he  emi)ty,  as  it  makes  it  easier  on  the  colt  when  thrown  and  tied. 
I'ind  out  before  throwing,  by  question  and  examination,  if  the 
colt  lias  been  ruptured  ;  and  also  see  if  both  testicles  are  down 
before  throwing  the  animal.  Wash  and  oil  the  .sheath  of  old 
horses  a  few  tlays  in  advance  of  operating,  as  it  often  i)revents 
swelling. 


THROWING,    OR    CASTING,    A    HORSE. 


—  Under 


Oii-RAi'ioNS  two  methods  of  casting  a  horse  are  given,  but  u 


tionl}' 


orse 
practiced 


in  thi 


IS  couutrv 


commc 

alx)ut  40  feet  of  34-inch  rope;  m.-iki 


gi\e  aiu  (her  here,  which  is 
— the  rope  tackling.     Take 

a  loop  by  druljling  it  in  the  center,  tie  a  knot,  and  slip  the  loDp 
over  the  head;  })ass  the  ends  of  the  rope  back,  one  on  each  ^,ide, 
and  run  the  rope  through  the  ring  in  the  hind  hobble,  which  is 
made  of  a  heavy  thick  strap,  and  buckles  on  the  hind  leg  below 
the  fetlock,  and  has  a  ring  in  front  of  it  to  run  the  rope  through. 
l\ass  the  rope  forward,  after  it  is  put  through  the  ring  in  the 
hobl)]e,  up  to  the  neck,  and  through  the  loop  at  the  neck. 
Reixat  on  the  other  side.  Now  have  a  man  at  the  head  l)ack 
the  colt,  pulling  the  head  to  one  side,  and  pushing  towards  the 
other  side,  while  a  man  on  each  side  pulls  on  the  ropes.  This 
will  throw  the  animal  and  he  can  be  securelv  tied,  so  as  not  to 
hurt  himself.  He  will  throw  more  easily  if  one  front  foot  is 
strapped  up,  as  de.scribed  under  "Training  a  Vicious  Horse." 
R(j11  the  colt  partially  ujxjii  his  back,  and  place  a  rail  along  the 
side,  and  he  is  in  a  position  for  operating.  Some  operate  stand- 
ing. 

EXPOSING  THE  TESTICLES.— This  part  of  the 
operation  is  the  same  with  all  the  methods.  First,  have  the 
knife  and  all  instruments,  or  cords,  if  used,  lying  in  a  solution  of 
Carbolic  Acid  for  one-half  hour  before  the  operation.  When 
everything  is  ready,  wash  the  scrotum  with  some  of  the  Carbolic 


B 


■ 


^' 


i 


I 


ill! 


I/-; 


TlIK  PRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


solution,  and  also  the  hands;  take  one  of  the  testicles  in  the  k  f : 

hand  and  roll  it  so  that  it  lies  perfectly  straight  %vith  the  dividing; 

line  of   tlie  scrotum,  and  so   tlie  line  comes   nearly  on    top  of   ihr 

testicle;  hold  the  testicle  firm,  take  the  knife,  which  should  Ik 

ver\    sharp,  an, I  make  a  k'oocI  free  cut,  about  one-half  inch  from 

the  dividing;  line,  and   straight  with  it,  down  onto  the  testicle: 

try  and  cut  through  with  one  stroke,  so  that  the  testicle  will  poji 

out;  if  the  testicle  does  not  come  out  with  the  first  stroke,  make 

another  and   it  should;  if  cut  clear  down  onto,  tlie  testicle   will 

pup  out   easily.      After  the  loticle  {)ops  out,  pick  it  up  with  the 

left  hand  and   cut  the    thin  attachment   hack  uf   the  cord,  which 

Iea\-es  the  back  uid  of  the  testicle  free.     The  testicle  can  then  ix' 

>;r:iw'i  (lut   f'lrtlier   .m.l   remov-d  by  some  one  of  the  following 

iiK  tli.,(ls.      Kei)eat  the  operation  .,:i  llie  other  tehticle,  dash  a  little 

of  the   Carbolic  solution   into  each  of   the  wounds,  and   let  the 

colt  up. 

OPERATING  WITH  CLAMPS.-This  is  the  old 
method  and  should  not  be  u.sed,  as  the  newer  methods,  giveti 
below,  are  less  painful.  The  clamps  were  made  of  good, 
tough  wood,  four  or  five  inches  long,  grooved  along  the  center 
of  opposing  surfaces,  which  were  fdled  witli  an  ointment  made 
by  Tui.King  i  drachm  of  Sidphate  of  Copper  with  i  ounce  of 
lard.  One  end  of  the  clamps  were  tied  with  strong  twine,  leaving 
the  other  end  free.  The  exposing  of  the  cesticle  was  the  same 
as  now  practiced  with  the  other  operations.  After  being  exposed 
the  testicle  was  taken  hold  of  with  the  left  hand  and  the  clamp 
with  the  right,  and  slipped  over  the  cord,  drawing  the  cord  just 
UKxleralely  tight,  and  spreading  it  out  in  the  clamp;  the  clamp 
was  then  tightened  at  the  end  that  was  not  tied,  with  .i  pair  of 
castrating  pincers,  and  tied  good  and  tight  with  strong  twine. 
The  testicle,  and  the  part  of  the  cord  below  the  clami),  leaving 
from  a  half  to  an  inch  of  the  cord,  was  then  cut  ofT  and  the 
clamp  left  in  place  for  twenty-four  hours;  then  by  cutting  the 
twine  at  one  end  of  the  clamp,  the  latter  was  opened  and  the 
stump  lilierated  without  danger  of  bleeding.  If  the  stump  hung 
outside  the  wound  it  was  pushed  inside  with  the  finger  and  left 
there.  A  clamp  was  used  for  each  testicle,  and  placed  so  as  to 
lie  lengthwise  of  the  scrotiun. 


T^%,^m<i.mm^.:'.£M£EIim^^ 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


175 


OPERATING  WITH  THE  ECRASEUR.— This  is  a 

newer  method  of  operating  and  is  not  so  painful  as  that  by  the 
use  of  clamps.  After  liberating  the  testicle,  slip  it  through  the 
looped  chain  of  the  ecraseur  and  slip  the  chain  up  the  cord  some 
two  or  three  inches  from  the  testicle,  then  draw  chain  down  and 
by  slowly  turning;  the  ratchet,  crush  the  cord  off.  The  secret  of 
success  is  to  turn  slowly  so  as  not  to  crush  the  cord  too  rapidly; 
it  is  the  crushing  which  stops  the  bleeding,  and  when  crushed  too 
rapidly,  bleeding  sometimes  follows.  When  the  cord  is  crushed 
o5,  the  body  end  goes  back  into  the  scrotum  out  of  sight.  In 
placing  the  ecraseur  over  the  testicle,  place  the  blunter  side  of 
the  slot  through  which  the  chain  draws,  next  to  the  body;  it 
crushes  more  than  the  sharp  side,  which  tends  to  cut. 

In  colts  two  or  three  years  old,  as  an  extra  precaution  against 
bleeding,  the  cord  may  be  crushed  twice,  the  first  time  the  ecraseur 
is  turned  down  and  crushes  the  cord  some,  but  not  clear  off;  then 
loosen  up  the  ecraseur,  drop  it  down  half  an  inch  and  crush  the 
cord  off.  • 

OPERATING  WITH  THE  EMASCULATOR.-The 

emasculator  is  an  instrument  something  like  a  pair  of  pincers  with 
one  arm  having  a  single  jaw  and  the  other  a  double,  the  single 
working  lietween  the  double.  One  side  of  the  jaws  is  roughened 
so  as  to  crush,  the  other  is  sharp  and  cuts.  The  instrument  is 
used  by  placing  the  cord  between  the  jaws  some  two  or  three 
inches  from  the  testicle,  being  sure  that  the  rough  side  is  next  to 
the  Ixjdy  so  as  to  crush  the  end  of  the  cord;  close  the  jaws  by 
])ressing  the  handles  and  the  testicle  is  cut  off  and  the  body  end  of 
ihe  cord  crushed.  Some  prefer  this  instrument  to  the  ecraseur; 
it  is  a  little  more  rapid,  and  better  wliere  the  animal  is  operated 
upon  standing.  One  or  the  other  of  these  two  instruments 
is  used  almost  exclusively  now  in  operating  upon  colts. 

OPERATING  BY  SEARING.  — This  is  another  old 
method  and  still  used  in  some  sections;  it  is  a  modification  of  the 
clamp  system.  Iron  clamps  are  used  instead  of  wooden  ones. 
Cut  the  cord  close  to  the  clamp,  and  have  a  hot  iron  ready;  dip  it 
in  oil  and  sear  the  end  of  the  cord  and  artery;  this  prevents  bleeding. 


176 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


r'^d 


Now  remove  iron  clamp  and  the  cord  goes  back  into  the  scrotum. 
Operate  on  the  other  testicle  in  same  manner.  By  oiling  the  iron, 
it  is  kept  from  sticking  and  pulling  away  the  scab. 

OPERATING  BY  LIGATURES.— This  is  used  more  on 
bulls  and  boars  than  on  horses.  It  is  much  like  the  clamps, 
differing  by  tying  a  string  around  the  cord  in  place  of  the  clamp. 
Belter  than  the  clamp,  for  as  soon  as  the  testicle  is  cut  off,  the 
cord  goes  back  into  the  scrotum,  and  so  relieves  the  pain  cau.sed 
by  keeping  it  drawn  down  so  long.  The  ligature  does  not  need 
to  be  put  on  as  tight  as  the  clamps  do,  and  so  is  not  .so  painful — 
just  tight  enough  not  to  slip  off.  Catgut  should  be  used,  as  it 
will  be  absorbed  and  cause  no  troi:ble;  a  guitar  or  violin  string 
answers  nicely. 

CASTRATING  ORIGINALS,  OR  RIDGLINGS.— 
CRYPTORCHIDS.-  This  is  the  removal  of  a  testicle  or  testi- 
cles that  have  not  descended  into  the  .scrotum,  but  have  been 
detained  in  the  inguinal  canal  or  inside  the  abdomen.  The  cause 
of  this  is  not  fully  understood.  The  operation  is  one  requiring 
expert  knowledge,  and  space  will  not  be  taken  up  in  trying  to 
describe  it  here.  If  testicles  are  tiol  down  in  a  yearling,  it  is 
best  to  let  the  animal  run  o\  er  for  a  year  or  so,  for  the  testicles 
often  come  down  of  themselves  later  on. 


PAIN  AFTER  CASTRATION.— Sometimes  a  colt  will 
manifest  colicky  pains  after  castration:  if  so,  give  '.•  ounce  of 
Laudanum,  or  li  teaspoonful  (jf  Fluid  Iv.xtract  of  Belladonna  to 
a  yearling.     Rei)eat  in  an  hour,  if  necessary. 

HOW  TO  CARE  FOR  A  COLT  AFTER  OPERA- 
TION. —  Put  the  colt  in  a  stalile  and  keep  him  quiet  for  from  twelve 
to  twenty  hours,  then  turn  him  out,  taking  him  up  cold  nights, 
and  in  rainy,  damp  weather;  if  weather  is  so  he  cannot  run  out, 
exercise  each  day.  Feed  oa  grass  only.  The  <la\-  after  the  oj^era- 
tion,  oil  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  and  place  them  between  the 
edges  of  each  wound,  opening  them,  as  they  are  apt  to  be  stuck 
together  snd  prevent  discharging.     Repeat  each  day  for  three  c-r 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


177 


four  days,  to  be  sure  the  cuts  are  kept  open.  If  colt  commences 
to  get  at  all  stiff,  or  swelling  becomes  extensive,  flush  out  the 
wound  twice  a  day  with; 

Catholic  Acid ^ ^  ounce. 

Water I  pint. 

Use  a  bulb  syringe  and  flush  out  freely.  A  twist  on  the  nose 
will  control  the  colt.  After  two  or  three  days  there  should  be 
some  discharge.  If  swelling  should  become  very  bad,  bathe  the 
scrotum  with  hot  water. 


BLEEDING  AFTER  CASTRATION.— This  may  be 

from  the  veins  in  the  scrotum,  or  from  the  artery  of  the  cord. 
If  from  the  veins,  it  can  be  told  by  its  dribbling  away  from  cuts 
and  from  its  dark  color.  From  an  artery  the  bleeding  is  more 
rapid  and  may  come  in  jets,  and  is  a  bright  red  color. 

Treatment. — 

If  warm  weather,  and  the  veins  bleed  too  continuously,  dash 
cold  water  onto  the  scrotum.  Cold  water  dashed  onto,  the  loins 
will  also  help  stop  the  flow  of  blood.  Occasionally  the  scrotum 
will  have  to  be  plugged  with  cotton  saturated  with  an  astringent 
lotion,  as  Alum  or  Copperas  2  ounces,  water  i  pint;  injecting  the 
lotion  into  the  scrotum  may  rlieck  How.  Keinove  cotton  next  day. 

If  from  the  artery  iu  the  cord,  put  a  twist  on  the  colt's  nose, 
and  then  reach  up  into  the  scrotum  with  the  thumb  and  first 
finger,  find  the  end  of  the  cord;  bring  it  down,  and  have  an 
assistant  tie  a  string  aroimd  it;  use  catgut,  if  possible,  if  not, 
leave  ends  of  string  long,  so  they  hang  from  the  scrotum,  and  the 
string  will  then  come  away  later.  If  the  cord  cannot  be  reachec 
plug  scrotum  as  above.  Monsell's  solution,  diluted  with  equa 
parts  of  water,  is  more  powerful  than  the  Alum  or  Copperas 
solution,  but  is  more  irritating.  In  reaching  into  the  scrotum 
use  Carbolized  Oil  on  the  hands. 

RUPTURE  (HERNIA).— It  sometimes  occurs  that  the 
animal  has  a  small  rupture  that  was  not  noticed  before  operation 
was  performed;  or,  in  some  cases  the  animal  will  mpture  himself 
at  time  t^  operaika. 


1 

i 


!  -; 


f  f  -f  u  ^ 


m THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Symptoms- Boweh  will  be  noticed  to  be  hanging  out  of  the 
cut;  there  maybe  but  a  few  inches,  but  sometimes  they  will  come 
down  so  that  they  will  be  trampled  under  foot.  If  very  far  out, 
and  they  become  strangulated  and  inflamed,  the  horse  will  l)e  iii 
Rreat  pain  and  act  as  in  inflammation  of  the  bowels.  Bowels  will 
be  bluish-red,  and  after  a  time,  if  left  out,  will  become  mortified. 
Treatment. — 

If  bowels  are  out,  inflamed  and  bfulsed  under  the  feet,  and 
he  sc  Mns  in  great  pain,  nothing  perhaps  can  be  done  but  kill  the 
horse.  If  only  a  small  amount  of  bowel  is  out,  cast  animal  and 
secure  him.     Flush  off  the  bowel  with: 

Carbolic  Acid- a  teaspoonfuls. 

^^**"- 1  quart. 

_  Pick  up  the  inner  lining  ot  the  scrotum  and  sew  up  the  cut 
in  it,  or  plug  up  the  scrotum  with  cotton  saturated  in  the  Carbolic 
Acid  solution  If  the  cotton  is  used,  one  stitch  best  be  taken  in 
the  cut  in  the  scrotum,  to  keep  it  in;  remove  a  part  only  of  the 
cotton  the  following  day,  the  remainder  of  it  the  second  and  third 
da3S,  by  whicli  time  the  opening  through  which  the  bowel  came 
will  be  closed.  Feed  a  laxative  diet  and  give  l4  teaspoonful  of 
Saltpeter  three  times  a  day. 

FATTY   CURTAIN  COVERING   THE    BOWELS 
COMING  DOWN   AFTER    CASTRATION.- Somet-mes 

where  there  is  a  slight  rupture,  and  after  animal  has  been  about 
for  a  few  hours,  the  fatty  curtain  covering  the  bowels  comes  out. 
It  may  be  but  a  few  inches,  but  may  be  a  couple  of  feet.  It  is 
genenilJj-  red  m  color  and  has  a  f.-tty  appearance.  It  may  cause 
the  animal  no  inconvenience,  as  --le  seems  to  feel  well  and  has  a 
good  appetite. 

Treatment. — 

The  same  as  for  "Hernia;"  or,  remove  the  lining  that  hangs 
out  With  a  pair  of  scissors  or  a  knife,  and  see  that  no  more  comes 
down      There  is  but  little  danger  from  bleeding. 

ABSCESSES  IN  SCROTUM  AFTER  CASTRA- 
TION.— Thii  sometimes  occurs  after  animal  Is  apparently  well. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE  179 

Causes. — A  piece  of  the  dead  cord;  some  driea  matter;  from 
the  hgature  when  an  ordinary  string  is  used. 

Syinfyfcnns. — There  is  heat,  pain,  and  swelling  in  the  scrotum; 
soreness  to  the  touch  and  stififness  of  the  gait  in  hind  parts. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

Encourage  formation  of  matter  by  poultices,  and  when  it 
"comes  to  a  head,"  open  and  let  the  matter  escape.  In  some 
oases,  when  iwulticcd,  it  will  break  of  its  own  accord.  After  it  is 
open,  flush  n  freely  with: 

Carfxilic  Acid j^  ounce. 

Water I  pint, 

And  repeat  daily  until  well. 

SWELLING  AFTER   CASTRATION.— A  small 

amount  of  swelling  is  not  a  bad  sign,  and  is  to  be  expected,  but 
when  very  bad,  so  that  it  affect::  the  animal's  appetite,  and  incli- 
nation to  move  about,  the  discliarge  being  changed  to  a  watery 
character,  and  red  in  color,  the  case  assumes  a  serious  stage  and 
needs  attention. 

Causes. — From  exposure;  from  allowing  wounds  to  lieal  too 
soon;  or  from  lack  of  cleanliness  in  operation.  Dirty  quarters 
may  also  lie  a  cause,  as  also  a  bad  condition  of  the  blood. 

Tkkatmknt.— 

Keep  the  bowels  open  with  small  doses  of  raw  Linseed  Oil; 

bathe  cuts  well  with  warm  water.     After  parts  have  been  bathed, 

tlush  out  freely  with  antiseptics; 

Carbolic  Acid ;J  ounce 

Water I  pint. 

After  bathing  and  opening  cuts,  and  washing  them  out, 
applj-  a  poultice  of  warm  Linseed  meal  and  bran,  and  hold  it  to 
wound  by  means  of  strings  over  the  back.  Repeat  bathing,  flush- 
ing and  poulticing  three  or  four  times  daily.  Feed  soft  food 
and  give  the  following: 

Fluid  Kxtnut  of  Belladonna ^  ounce. 

Fluid  l-:xtraot  AcDiiite \i  drachm. 

Alcohol '4  ounces. 

Saltpeter I  ounce. 

Water  to  make i  putt. 

Dose:    I  ounce  for  a  yearling,  2  otuices  for  a 

l-,vo  jear-olj,  tiiri:e  times  a  tlay. 


[_^^ TIIIv  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 

III  bad  cases,  where  swelling  extends  along  under  the  belly 
also  give: 

Tincture  <,f  Iron 2  drachms. 

<>'"'■"■ W  drachm. 

^^'"l" M  i.int. 

GiM.'  a-;  (iiiL-  (Imso;  rciK-at  thn.u  times  a  day. 

Give  gentle  exercise,  and  as  soon  as  horse  begins  to  eat,  and 
the  discharge  is  a  healthy,  white  one,  the  condition  may  Ijc'con- 
siderctl  favorable. 

S  CHIRR  US    CORD— TUMOR    OF    THE   CORD.- 

This  is  a  growth  at  tlie  end  of  the  cord. 

Caitses.—Vnnn  cord  being  pulled  down  in  removing  clamp; 
from  roll  biting  and  pulling  down  on  account  of  itching.  When 
not  put  back  into  the  scrotum,  after  removing  clamp,  the  cut 
heals  around  it  an<l  holds  it  down,  and  the  cord  l)eing  exposed  to 
the  air  Ijecouus  irritated  and  diseased,  and  a  growth  forms  at  the 
end.     .Much  more  common  when  clamps  were  used. 

Tkeatmk.nt. — 

If  it  -s  noticed  at  the  time,  bathe  in  warm  water  to  soften 
cut,  and  with  oiled  fiii-ers,  break  cord  loose  from  skin  and  pu.sh 
back  into  scrotum.  If  not  noticed  at  the  time,  and  it  gets  large, 
it  will  ite  necessarj-  to  o|«.rate  on  it.  Cast  animal  and  secure  him." 
Break  the  skin  from  cord  witli  the  fingers,  using  knife  only  when 
necessary  to  get  the  cord  l.xjse.  Put  a  clamp  on  or  ligate  the 
cord  so  tl;e  di.easetl  p  irt  can  be  cut  off  below  the  clamp,  and  leave 
the  dan:p  on,  when  u<ed,  for  two  or  three  days.  Then  cut  twine 
off  and  remove.  An  ecra^cur  l)est  be  used  to  crush  the  cord. 
If  animal  swells  after  oiieration,  treat  as  directed  in  such  condi- 
tions after  castraticjn.  Feed  witli  soft  feed,  adding  Flaxseeti 
to  keep  bowels  free.  Serious  cases  would  require  profes-sional 
service.  Profuse  bleeding  is  apt  to  follow  the  separating  of  tht 
tumor  from  the  surrounding  tissue. 

PERITONITIS     FOLLOWING     CASTRATION. - 

Tliis  is  an   infl.Mnmati.n  of  the  lining  of  the  scrotum  and 
extending  up  and  including  the  lining  of  the  belly  cavitv. 


DISEASKS  OF  TIIK  HORSE 


t8i 


Causes. — From  bungling  work  in  operating,  and  from  filthy 
Instruments  and  hands;  from  too  scvtrc  medicines  used  on  clami*, 
when  used;  from  cxix)snre  by  lying  out  on  damp  ground,  or  from 
cold  winds  and  rains.  Inflamtnaticm  begins  in  the  scrotum  and 
extends  upward  until  the  serous  membrane  of  the  abdominal 
cavity  is  involved.  It  generally  comes  on  about  the  third  or 
fourth  day  after  castration. 

Treatmbnt.— 

Treat  cuts  as  in  "Swelling  after  Castration,"  and  give  general 
treatment  as  in  "Peritonitis,"  giving  a  yearling  colt  \i  the  dose 
prescribed  for  the  adult. 


LOCK-JAW  (TETANUS)  AFTER  CASTRATION. 

— This  comes  on  from  the  ninth  to  twenty-first  day  after  oi^erat- 
iug.  and  may  ensue  in  a  case  that  is  apparently  doing  well. 

Causes. — The  disease  is  due  to  the  germ  which  causes  it, 
gaining  entrance  into  the  wound,  and  the  wound  healing  over, 
forms  an  ideal  condition  for  the  development  of  the  disease. 


Treatment.— 

See   "Lock- Jaw" 
System. 


in   Diseases  of  Brain  and  Nervous 


BLINDNESS  (AMAUROSIS)  FOLLOWING  CAS- 
TRATION.— This  disease  is  sometimes  noticed  to  come  o  i  after 
castration,  especially  if  animal  bleeds  freely  at  the  time.  For 
further  detail,  see  article  on  the  subject  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye. 


I  i  • 


182 


TIIIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


RUPTURES  (HERNIAS)  AND  METHODS 
OF  TREATMENT 


SCROTAL  HERNIA,  OR  RUPTURE   INTO  THE 

BAG— This  is  a  case  where  tlie  bowels  pass  .jown  through  the 
iilxlominal  rings,  into  the  scrotum. 

Oinsrs.—Somi.-  t..als  arc  ruptured  at  hirth,  and  may  never 
recover  from  it.  RunuinK.  jumpiiiK,  or  other  violent  exercise, 
may  result  in  hernia,  or  it  may  occur  in  castration. 

.S;i-w/'/<w/i.— The  scrolnin  is  lar^'cr  than  it  ^IlouUl  he,  and  ou 
l«res>ure  the  howelwill    -u  Lack    thnni-h   the  riuK  to   the   l.elly 
cavity,  but   desceniN  a.i;  liii    as  .suoi;    is  pressfre   is  rela.vcd.      It 
may  affect  one  or  hoih  >i.k-.,  most  often  l)ut  one. 
T':i:.\T:\ir\T 

''  '"'    '  "  ''   •''•"   ''■1'^  "'^<    hoen  rastrntod,  this  m.iy  he   got 
nd  of  hy  castnlion,  th.niRh  it  will  often  di-^appear  if  let  alone  for 
some  time.      If  a  cr.lt  has  a  hernia  at  one  year  old  it  is  often  well 
to  let  him  go  longer  and  it  ma>-  disappear.     In  ca.se  it  is  desired 
to  castrate  and  cute  i  ni)ture  at  same  time,  have  animal  fast  a  day 
or  so  lx;fore  operating,  then  cast  and  secure  him    as  in  ordinary 
castration.      Push  the  howel  and  fatty  lining  hack  into  the  belly 
and  taking  up  the  te-ticle  in  the  left   hand,  also   allow  the  haml 
tore.ston   tlie  oiK;iing  where   the  bowel   comes  out;   expose  the 
testicle,    a>   in   oui.nary    castration,   except    that    the   innermost 
covernig  is  not  cut  through,  but  j-ressedout  of  the  scrotum  along 
with  the  testicle,  and  wIku  out,  slij)  the  clamp  oVer  the  cord,  and 
cover  and    fasten    it   securely,  as  described    muler  C.\.stkATIon- 
Cut  off  the  testicles  co\  erin^  below  the  clamp.      This  will  prevent 
the  rupture  from  coming  down.      A  day  or  so  after  operation  the 
swelhng  will  nil  up  the   opening  where  the  bowel  came  down, 
and  the  rupture  will  disappear.     Remove  the  clamp  after  four  or 
five  days.     A  good  ligature  may  be  used  in  place  of  the  clamp. 
In  the  case  of  a  stallion,  treat  in  the  same  manner.     For   treat- 
ment of  castrated  horses  see  "Rupture  Following  Castration." 
It  IS  always  best  to  secure  a  veterinarian  for  this  operation   if 
possible. 


r,jf."3-j^  '.f.mik 


DISHASKS  OH  THK  HORSE 


iS-i 


INGUINAL  HERNIA,  OR  RUPTURE  INTO  THE 
ABDOMINAL  RINGS.-This  may  be  called  an  Incomplete 
scrotal  henna,  and  like  the  latter,  may  exist  and  cause  no  sign 
of  distress,  or  it  may  become  strangu'nted  and  cause  the  death  of 
the  animal.     This  form  is  seen  most  in  stallions. 

Sym/>/o»ts.— When  during  the  existence  of  symptoms  as  in 
colk,  we  find  a  stallion  kicking  with  his  hind  feet,  while  standing 
or  lying  on  his  back,  we  should  look  at  once  to  the  inguinal 
region  or  to  the  scrotum.  There  is  a  soft,  puffy  swelling  on  the 
surface  in  the  groin  that  ought  to  he  smooth,  and  by  pressure  is 
easily  pushed  back,  but  only  remains  so  long  as  pressure  is  main- 
tained. By  examining  through  the  rectum  just  in  front  of  the 
floor  of  the  bony  arch,  the  bowel  may  be  detected  passing  into  the 
ring.    One  or  both  sides  may  lie  affected. 

Treatment.  - 

There  is  probably  no  successful  treatment  that  an  unskilled 
person  could  give,  so  space  will  not  be  given  to  describe  treat- 
ment, except  to  say  that  the  immediate  treatment  is  to  remove 
the  loop  of  the  intestine  by  pulling  it  out  of  the  rin>j,  the  hand 
being  in  the  rectum.  If  it  is  relieved,  it  is  apt  to  re-occur  unless 
the  animal  is  castrated. 


VENTRAL  HERNIA,  OR  RUPTURE  OF  ABDOM- 
INAL  WALLS.— In  this  form  there  is  a  protrusion  of  the 
bowel  through  a  rupture  in  the  abdominal  walls,  to  the  skin.  It 
may  occur  in  any  part  of  the  belly,  except  at  the  navel. 

Cartses.— Thicks,  blows,  hooks,  severe  jumping,  or  pulling, 
etc. 

Sjmpioms.— There  is  a  swelling,  and  when  animal  is  placed 
in  favorable  position  the  intestines  can  be  made  to  disappear,  and 
there  can  be  felt  the  opening  or  rent  in  the  abdominal  coats  or 
tunics. 

Treatment. — 

In  many  cases  there  is  no  occasion  for  treatment;  and  again, 
where  the  rupture  is  too  extensive,  treatment  does  no  good.  If 
hernia  is  not  large  we  may  attempt  a  cure  by  Uie  methods  used 


i     I 


184 


Tllli  PkACTIC.AL  STUCK  DOCTOR 


In  "Navel  Rupture,"  or  if  ft.ruiiuitt.  hkhikIi  to  U-  present  wlitn 
the  rupture  occurs,  and  parliitilarly  if  not  lar^t.-,  an  applicatiou 
of  a  pad  ami  })r()ad  handa^c  may  clkcl  a  inro.  It  is  jjoshiblc  for 
a  hur^con  to  cut  tliroii^di  tlic  ^kin  and  si  w  up  llic  rupture  in  the 
muscular  wall,  thcu  sewing  up  the  cut  in  the  skin.  Keep  the 
aniuiul  quiet. 

NAVEL,  OR  UMBILICAL  RUPTURE.  Wliui  the 
navel  ofK-niug  does  not  projKrly  dose  at  tlie  time  of  l)irth  the 
bowels  come  d<nvu  IhroiiKh  tlK-  oi)enin>;  and  form  a  ikjucIi  or  sac 
in  the  skin,  varyniK  in  si/e  from  tli.it  of  a  heti's  e^K  to  that  of  a 
man's  fist.  I.ike  other  forms  of  rti!)lure  at  birth,  it  may  di'sap- 
pear  entirely  hy  the  time  the  animal  has  reached  its  second  o; 
third  year.     A^e  favors  self  cure. 

r,;/wi-.— One  of  the  principal  causes  of  this  form  in  colts  is 
keeping  the  liltle  fellow  from  the  dam,  causing  him  to  neigh,  or 
cry.  The  contrail  ion  of  the  alnlominal  muscles  and  pressure  on 
the  bowels  during  neighing  seem  to  open  the  umbilicus  and 
induce  rupture.  It  may  be  caused  in  adults  by  accidents,  but  is 
very  rare. 

Treatment. — 

Keep  the  aiumal  fasting  for  twenty-four  hours;  cast,  and 
secure  him.  Return  the  bowel  carefully  into  the  alxlomen,  draw 
up  the  skin  over  opening  ami  put  a  heavy  stiff  clamp  on  it; 
secure  both  ends  of  clami)s  with  stout  cord  and  run  two  skewers, 
or  two  or  three  darning  needles,  through  the  skin,  below  the 
clamp,  to  prevent  it  slipping  off.  (Break  off  points  of  darning 
needles  to  prevent  catching.)  Let  animal  up  and  leave  the 
clamp  on  until  it  falls  off  of  its  own  accord,  which  is  usually  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  days,  by  which  time  the  opening  will  heal  up 
and  the  rupture  be  cured.  Watch  raw  place  left  by  the  clamp, 
especially  in  warm  weather,  and  dress  occasionally  with  Carbolic 
lotion  to  keep  off  flies.  A  modification  of  al)Ove  is  to  use  a  cord 
ui  the  place  of  the  clamp.  Great  care  must  be  taken  not  to  draw 
skin  too  tight,  as  this  would  cause  too  speedy  a  slough  of  the 
skin,  the  opening  not  having  time  to  dose,  the  intestines  would 
come  out  and  death  ensue.     A  pad  with  bxx»d  bandage,  having 


IBtl 


nisHAsrvS  OF  thk  horsk 


•85 


rul)lxr  in  it,  is  sonKlimcs  uskhI,  but  it  is  difficult  to  keep  in  placx*. 
HlistL-rs  arc  often  applied  over  swelling,  and  as  skin  hardens  and 
contracts,  by  formation  of  scabs,  an  artificial  !>aiidav;c.  <jr  ;.!■,  isure, 
is  pr<Mlncctl,  that  at  limes  is  successful.  Auotlar  nictlmd  is  to 
clip  the  hair  from  the  skin  over  the  swelling,',  atul  then  apply 
Nitric  Acid  with  a  small  brush,  usiuR  only  etuitij^h  to  moisten 
the  skill  This  sets  up  a  deep  seated  iiinamiiiatioii,  tli.it  in  mauv 
cases  closes  the  ojKiiinjj.  The  surgeon  can  ojH.rale  the  same  as 
ill  "Wntral  Hernia." 


DISEASES  AND  INJUk.    3  OF  THE  EAR 


DEAFNESS.— 

Causes. — By  an  excess  of  noise;   or  from  a  disease  of  the 
drum. 

Sympt.wis. — Animal  seems  .«itnbbom,  and  cannot  be  taught  to 
obey  commands. 

Tkiatment. — 

Little  can  be  done.     Place  a  twitch  on  the  horse's  nose,  and 
l)our  a  little  Olive  Oil  in  his  ears;  this  sometimes  benefits. 

INJURIES  OR  CUTS  AROUND  THE  EAR.-If  the 

skin  or  cartilage  is  torn,  put  a  twitch  on  animal's  nose;  take  a 
IK  eille  used  for  sewing  cuts  in  skin,  and  draw  edges  together  with 
silk.  Bathe  well  with  warm  water  twice  daily  and  apply  Carbolic 
lotion. 


DISEASE  OF  THE  CARTILAGE.— 

Causes. — Usually  an  injury  of  some  kind. 

Symptoms.— The  cartilage  will   fester  and  break   at   tijpes 
whtsre  affected. 


risr> 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i 


I- 


Tki:atmi:xt. — 

Tut  a  twitch  on  horse's  nose,  and  with  a  sharp  knife  split 
skin  aiul  tis<nc  ojK'n  to  the  diseased  part;   scrape  out  all  diseased 
matter,  and  cauterize  with  a  stick  of  Lunar  Caustic.    Afterward 
treat  as  an  open  wound. 

TUMORS  OF  THE  EAR.— Sometimes  tumors  of  various 
sizes  and  shapes  are  seen  in  the  ear  of  the  horse. 

r<;/«f\?.  — Irritation  and  inflammation  of  the  skin  of  the  ear, 
producing  small  pimples  of  proud  flesh. 

Sj'mfi/cv/is.— Shaking  of  the  head;  will  not  allow  familiarity; 
runs  or  starts  back  when  collar  is  taken  off  over  the  head. 

Tkkatmkxt. — 

Remo\e  with  the  knife,  scissors,  or  with  a  stick  of  Lunar 
Caustic.    Then  apply  remedies  as  for  a  simple  sore. 

FROST  BITES  OF  THE  EAR.-Bathe  with  cold  water 
as  soon  as  observed,  and  apply  the  White  Lotion  (see  page  263) 
afterward,  three  or  four  times  daily.  If  taken  in  time  it  will  save 
the  ear.  If  ear  becomes  dead  and  drops  off,  treat  the  same  until 
healeil.  An  application  of  snow  is  good  to  draw  out  frost,  if 
noticed  while  frozen. 


u 


DISEASES  AND  INJURIE:>  OF  THE  EYE 


SIMPLE   OPHTHALMIA-CONJUNCTIVITIS.- 

This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  outer  covering  of  the  eye  and  the 
linuig  of  the  eyelid. 

Cai/S's. —  Thu  result  of  an  injury  by  whips,  sticks,  twigs,  or 
the  presence  <if  foreign  bodies,  as  hayseed,  rhaff,  lime,  sand. 
ammonia  arising  from  excretions,  elo.  It  may  also  arise  from 
extremes  ot  heat  or  eolu,  or  from  exposure.  It  may  ac^company 
other  disea.ses. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


187 


t¥f.' 


Symptoms.— T\\(s  eye  is  kept  partly  01  nearly  closed,  eyelid 
swollen,  and  tears  flow  copiously  down  the  cheek;  the  lining  is 
\\u  and  inflamed,  with  haw  drawn  well  up  in  the  eye.  After  a 
(lay  or  two  the  eye  h^conies  clouded  with  a  film-like  substance, 
and  if  nejjlected,  this  condition  becomes  more  pronounced,  and 
becomes  chnMiic,  resisting  treatment,  and  finally  enils  iu  blind- 
ness. 

Trk.vt.mknt. — 

Make  a  careful  examination  and  remove  offending  object,  if 
from  presence  of  some  substance  in  the  eye.  A  silk  handkerchief 
passed  over  the  head  of  a  pin  may  be  used.  If  from  other  causes, 
remedy  them.  Make  a  thick  pad  of  woolen  cloth,  wet  in  cold 
water,  and  bind  on  over  the  eye,  ai)plying  fresh  water  every  half 
hour;  keep  the  cold  pack  on  almost  continuously  during  the  day; 
drop  into  the  eye  three  limes  a  day,  from  a  medicine  dropper,  10 
to  20  drops  of  the  following: 


Nitrate  of  SiKir. 
Water 


■^  i;rains. 
I  (iiitice. 


Keep  the  .solution  iu  the  tlark.  Or,  dust  into  the  eye  some 
of  ihe  following  jMnvdcr:  finely  pulverized  Boracic  Acid  and  Calo- 
mel, equal  parts;  blow  in  gently  fnjni  a  paper  cylinder.  If  eye 
is  very  cloudy  and  the  foregoing  does  not  clear  it  up,  use  Nitrate 
of  Silver,  5  grains,  to  an  ounce  of  water,  dropping  lo  to  15  drops 
into  the  eye,  three  times  a  day.  A  few  drops  of  the  following 
mixture: 

Fluid  ICxtractof  BfUailoutm i  teasi)ooiihil, 

^Vate^ 2  ounces, 

Dropped  into  the  e\e  will  also  help  to  relieve.  In  nu'ld  ca.ses,  and 
:f  the  animal  is  to  be  W(jrked,  shade  the  eye  by  fastening  a 
piece  of  cloth  to  the  blinder  of  the  bridle. 

If  it  becomes  difficult  to  remove  a  foreign  body,  deaden  the 
'••■nsation  of  thf  eye  by  dropping  into  it  10  to  20  drops  of  a  5  per 
ant.  solution  of  C'H?aine;  have  a  druggist  make  up  the  solution, 
r.ive  lix;\<ive  diet,  and  a  teasiHwnful  of  Saltjwter  three  times  a 


i8S 


THK  PRxVCTlCAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


'ill  ^ 


MOON   BLINDNESS,  OR    PEROIDIC    OPHTHAL- 

M^A.  — This  is  an  iiitlaniiiiatioii  uf  the  inner  structures  of  the 
ej-c.  It  is  said  to  be  quite  coininon  in  the  West.  It  is  hereditary, 
being  transmitted  by  either  of  tlie  parents. 

Causes.— Th(j  exact  cause  of  the  disease  is  not  knowu.  As 
statcfi  above,  it  is  transmissible  from  eitlier  of  the  parents. 
i:xtreniest)f  lieatand  cold,  dark,  damp  stables,  and  unwholesome 
food,  are  contributary  causes. 

Sj>/!/'/oiiis. — These  vary  actordinjif  to  severity  of  attack,  but 
are  well  marked,  .uid  with  history,  little  trouble  is  had  in 
determining  case  There  is  swelling  of  the  whole  eye,  and  the 
eyeball  becomes  hard  from  efTusion  into  its  cavity.  Eye  is 
closed,  or  nearly  >,  from  the  li-ht,  teat.,  nm  down  the  cheeks, 
and  membranes  become  very  red.  In  first  attacks,  symptoms 
resemble  very  closely  tllo^e  of  simple  ophthahnia.  As  a  result  of 
mllammation,  pus  is  formed  in  the  anterior  chamber,  and  maybe 
.seen  as  a  whitish  substance  down  in  the  lower  portion.  After  a 
few  days  the  innammation  subsides,  and  leaves  the  eye  nearly  as 
bright  as  natural,  but  if  examine!  closely  after  a  few  attacks, 
shreds  of  lymph  will  be  seen  hanging  around  in  the  anterior 
chamber,  especially  at  the  bottom,  and  the  pupil  is  ragged.  In 
from  four  weeks  to  three  or  foui  monlhs  the  trouble  will  recur, 
and  will  be  repeated  again  and  again  until  blindness  results. 
Kach  attack  haves  the  eye  less  bright,  and  pupil  more  ragged. 
May  eflei  t  one  (jr  both  eyes. 

Tki:  ATMK.VT.— 

This  is  wA  satisfactory,  as  the  cases  result  finally  in  total 
blindness,  but  the  disease  ma}-  be  kept  back  by  following  the 
tnntinent  as  given  in  "Simple  Ophthalmia."  Animals  thus 
alTected  should  never  be  used  for  breeding. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  IRIS— IRITIS.— This  is 

an  inflammation  of  that  portion  of  tlu  eye  surrounding  the  pupil 
and  giving  the  color  to  the  eye. 

ra?<.?f.t,— Severe  external  violence;  extremes  of  light  and 
darkness;  exixjsure  to  storms;  facing  the  wind,  and  constitutionaJ 
disorders. 


DISK  ASKS  OK  THlv  HORSIv 


1 89 


Syii/ph>iiis.  —  \  pitik  ring  is  seen  around  the  white,  fihruus  coat 
forming  tlie  large  posterior  portion  of  the  eye— the  sclerotic— where 
It  tmites  witli  the  iris.  The  eye  is  retracted  atid  partly  closed; 
the  haw  is  drawn  np;  the  conjunctiva  is  inflamed:  the  pupil  is 
very  small,  and  the  aqueous  humor  becomes  turbid,  with  white 
(lakes  floating  in  the  anterior  chamber,  and  usually  a  little  pus  at 
the  bottom  of  the  latter. 

TkKATMKNT. — 

Place  the  horse  in  a  dark  stall,  and  hanga  cloth  over  affected 
eye  or  eyes  v  hen  cold  pack  is  not  used.  If  in  good  condition, 
U'ive  a  4-drachni  do.'.e  (>f  Barbadoes  Aloes,  and  if  there  is  any 
reason  to  susp'-'  c  a  rheumatic  origin,  give: 

Fluid  Kxtrartof  CokliiciiTii  Seed....   ,'i  <lrachni, 

S'llol I  or     2  ilracliiiLS, 

Two  or  tlirre  tiinrs  a  ■l,i\-. 

Apply  to  the  eye  the  lotions  reeommeiide'l  for  "Simple 
(Ophthalmia,"  and  also  ai)i)ly  the  cold  pack.  Use  die  Belladonna 
lotion.  C.ive  light  Laxative  diet  and  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter 
three  times  a  day. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  HAW  OF  THE  EYE— 

This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  cartilage  (Membrana  Nicilans) 
in  the  inner  corner  of  the  eve. 

Causes. — From  cliaiT  nv  other  foreign  substance  getting  into 
the  ej-e  and  .setting  up  an  irritation. 

Symptoms. — The  haw,  which  in  normal  conditions  is  only  a 
>iiiall  part  visible,  becomes  by  inflammation  enlarged  and  spread 
o\er  a  large  part  of  the  eye. 

Trkatmknt.— 

Examine  eye,  and  if  any  foreign  substance  is  found  rjmove 
it,  and  give  treatment  as  for  "Simple-  Ophthalmia."  Sometimes 
this  membrane  is  attacked  by  cancerous  formations,  iu  which  case, 
touch  the  growths  with  a  Lunar  Caustic  pencil,  and  if  this  docs 
nf)t  destroy  growth  it  will  be  neces.sary  to  remove  the  haw;  but 
this  mendirane  was  put  in  the  eye  for  the  purpose  of  protection 


:inrt    eli.nil^t 


!()<' 


riii-  I'kAcricAi,  STOCK  ducior 


I 


I 


•ill' 


It. 


tliiV  is  iiLLX^-Niry,  the  Cocaine  solminn  slioiild  he  used:  the  horse 
secured,  tlie  eye  held  open  aud  the  Ii.uv  sei/ed  hy  forcej*,,  drawu 
out  from  the  eye,  ami  cut  oil  with  hlun!  pointed  scissors.  Tliere 
is  l)ut  httle  hleediuK  ;iu<'  no  pain,  if  C(K'aine  is  used.  The 
operation  should  I.e  perforuu-d  hy  a  veterinarian. 

CATARACT  OF  THE  EYE.     This  i.  a  tumui^  white 

of  a  structure  of  the  eye  known  a-,  the  ci>slalline  lens. 

(.<nts,-s.  -I'roni  r(.i)catul  attacks  (jf  intlanunation,  or  nia\-  he 
present  at  l)irth.  May  develop  -nd  one  not  he  al.le  to  assi-n 
cause. 

.SVw/)/,wt.  Tsually  the  pujul  L^  imicli  dilated;  hack  of  it  is 
seen  a  white  l.ody  tlu  opaque  lens.  The  condition  conies  on 
nioie  or  less  gradual,  and  at  fust  a  clo>e  examination  may  he 
neces.ar> .  J-.xainine  ilrst  m  sti  .n-  sunlight,  and  note  .!ej;n.'e  of 
contraction  of  ],^^n\  -liould  lie  sni.ill:  then  i)late  in  a  dark  stall 
and  examine  with  a  candle.  The  healthy  eye  reliects  three  can- 
dles-one from  the  cornea,  the  second  from  the  lens,  the  third 
from  h.ick  of  lens.  When  either  of  last  two  are  hlurred  or  want- 
ing, no  further  i)roof  is  needed. 

Tri.;at.mi;.\t.  — 

Is  unsuccessful.  In  early  staj^e  may  he  treated  as  for  "Simple 
(')l)hthahni,i.' ' 

STAR    GAZER     GUTTA    SERENA,    OR    GLASS 

EYE  AMAUROSIS. -This  i,.  paralysis  of  Ihe  oj.tic  nerve  and 
reti:;a.  The  latter  i>  the  ex-!)ansion  of  the  oi)tic  nerve  over  the 
back  chamher  of  the  ^ye. 

(  u;/.'.,  ^.  — Tumors  or  other  diseases  of  the  hrain  iniplicaiint,Mhe 
rootsof  tile  oj.tic  nerve:  in;  irv  to  the  nerve  between  the  hraiirand 
eye;  uulaiiun.ition  of  the  o]>tic  nerve  within  the  e;.e,  or  undue  i)res 
sure  on  the  -ame  from  dr<ii)sic:d  or  iidlammatory  effusion.  It  may 
also  occur  f.n,m  an  overloaded  stomach,  from  profuse  bleeding, 
and  even  from  the  pressure  of  th  :  heavy  womb  in  gestation. 

.S'lv^z/./c^w-,-.— There  is  a  wide  dilation  of  the  pupil,  so  as  to 
show  fully  the  interior  of  the  eye,  the  expan.sion  remainini;  the 
same  in   light  or  darkness.     In  ordinary  eyes,  the  pupils^  vvheu 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


^?: 

b'o.igbt  to  the  liRlit,  contract,  and  then  dilate  and  coutrari 
alternatdy  until  adapted  to  tlie  light  The  horse  .Iocs  not  dod.r 
when  a  motion  is  made  as  though  to  strike  him,  unless  hruKi 
causes  a  current  of  air.  The  ears  are  held  erect  and  turn  quickly 
toward  any  sound,  and  horse  steps  high  to  avoid  stumbling  ovei 
objects  he  cannot  see. 

Treatment, — 

This  is  only  tiscful  when  disease  h  a  symptom  of  some 
rurable  cause,  like  congested  brain,  loaded  stomach,  or  heavy 
w.Jinb.  When  recovery  does  not  follow  termination  of  these  con- 
ditions, give  I  drachm  doses  of  Nux  Vomica  daily  Probably 
incurable. 

FILARIA  OCULJ.  OR  WORM  IN  THE  EYE  -Thi« 
is  a  small,  thread-like  worm,  which  con  be  pja-nlv  seen  noatin^ 
..bout  m  the  aqueous  humor,  in  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye 
It  IS  from  a  half  to  two  inches  in  leuKth.     It  is  probably  taken 
I'lto  the  system  in  the  form  of  egj,  ,t  larva,  with   food  or  water 
especially  the  latter,  works  its  way  into  the  circulation  and  finally 
settles  ui  the  eye.     It  causes  inflammation  and  destruction  of  the 
-  vc.  ur.less  removed.     A  very  uncommon  condition. 
Tri-;\tmknt. — 

The  only  remedy  is  to  cast  the  ai)imal  and  .sernre  him- 
Cocauie  the  eye  and  then  make  an  incision  in  the  npper  border  of 
the  cornea,  close  to  the  sclerotic  or  white  of  the  eve,  the  point  of 
the  -nr-trument  being  pointed  forward  slightlv  to  avoid  injury  to 
'be  ins.  This  will  evacuate  the  anterior  of  the  eye  and  the 
worm  will  come  out  with  the  fluid.  Then  apply  cold  water  and 
astringent  lotions  as  in  '  'Simple  Ophthalmia. ' '  Ke-ep  the  animal 
quiet  after  the  operation,  and  ])ut  him  in  a  clean,  dark,  box  stall 
Ic.r  a  lew  days.  This  operation  should  always  be  performed  by  a 
veterinarian. 

INVERSION  OF  THE  EYELIDS  -ENTROPIUM- 

1  Ins  IS  an  inversion  of  the  eyelids,  causing  the  lashes  to  turn  in 
■I'on  the  eyeballs,  and  giving  rise   to  irritation.     It  is  due  tc 
'xcessive  thickness  of  the  lid  above  the  rim,  so  that  the  rim  i= 
>nade  to  tur.;  in.     Result  of  inflammation,  injuries  -^c 


H: 


h 


19: 


THE  rRACTIOAl,  S'lOCK   i^O'JTOR 


Tkkatmknt.  - 

Tliis  is  relieved  !>>    ciittiiig  mv  nu   i-lliptiral  section  of  tlir 
'^kin,   the   long   axis  of  the  ellipse   to  run  kii;4th\vise  with    the 
eyelid,   and   sewinc:   up   th<.-   wound    auain    tc   shorten    the  lid 
Afterwards  dress  wound. 

EVERSION  OF  THE  EYEI.IOS-ECTROPIUM.- 

This  iscoii-^ijMuil  «•  111  inllanu-d  aiul  tlii>..kvned  liniii;;  uieiuhraiie, 
causing  tlr-  lid  to  tui'i  out.  It  is  most  counnon  in  the  lower  lid. 
It  is  cured  ])}■  th(;  removnig  of  a  horizontal  elliptical  section  of 
the  lining  ineinhrnne,  and  drawing  tlie  edg_-s  of  the  wound 
ti>gct!ier  to  sliorten  the  inner  sidi  of  (he  lid.  The  after  treatment 
i'^  as  in  "Simple  Ophthalmia."  The  veterinarian  should  he 
emjJoyed  for  these  o])eiatioiis. 

IN  JURIES  TO  THE  EYELIDS  —The  «yelHls  of  horses 
aic  freijuenily  torn  and  injnnd  in  xar^oii.-.  ways.  When  torn 
the  edges  sh.onld  Iil  brjjttght  tog'-ther  as  promptly  as  pos'-ihlc,  by 
sewing  them  vvilli  fire  silk,  making  fine  ■  tiich<  s,  and  dressing 
t«c>  or  th.ree  times  a  day  with  Carljolic  lotion.  Ti(.  tin-  lu)rse  in 
the  ci-nter  of  a  wide  stall,  with  a  line  fiom  t  ach  side,  so  that  he 
c.innot  rub  liis  head  and  tear  the  wdUi'd,  and  feed  him  from  the 
floor  A  twitch  on  the  nose  will  answer  in  some  cases  to  hold 
the  aium.il,  but  it  may  be  necessary  lo  throw  liiin.  The  Cocaine 
solution,  as  for  removing  foreign  bodies  (see  in  'Simple  Opli- 
I'alniia  ■),  if  used  in  the  injury,  will  deaden  pain,  and  rendu 
anim.'il  quiet 

INJURIES  TO  THE  DUCTS  OF  THE  EYE.  These 
are  the  diui^  or  tubes  that  c.itr\  *he  tears  from  the  eyes  into 
the  nasal  p.a^sages.  They  leave  the  eye  from  tin-  l)Ottom  of  the 
inner  corner.  Wlien  these  become  injured  or  obstructed  the 
tears  will  flow  over  the  chtek. 

Ca/iSts — Injuries  to  face,  growths  ni  'he  duct,  and  inflam- 
mation of  duet  extending  from  nasal  cavities 

Trk.\tmext. — 

Examine  to  see  if  there  is  any  median icol  r>bstructiou,  if  so 
remove  same,  if  possible.     A  nasal  douche,   as  in   "Cu^arrh." 


DISEASIvS  OF  THE  HORSE 


193 


may  l)ciiefit.  Bathing  the  face  below  tlie  eye,  along  line  of  nose, 
with  hot  water,  may  help.  Steaming  uasal  cavities,  as  in 
"Catarrh,"  is  another  treatment.  Riih  Tincture  of  Iodine  on 
tho  face  lielow  the  eye,  along  the  line  of  the  nose.  Still  another 
plan  is  to  pnt  the  iwint  of  a  small  syrin^jc  mio  the  small  hole 
found  in  the  Iwttom  part  of  the  nasal  passage,  and  force  warm 
water  or  astnngent  washes  up  through  the  duct  unMl  it  comes 
out  at  the  corner  of  the  eye,  or  force  soluticjn  through  the  duct 
in  the  same  manner  from  the  eye  end  of  the  duct. 


CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES  AND  FEVERS 
OF  THE  HORSE 


i 

I: 


HORSE  POX  -EQUINE  VARIOLA.-All  animals  have 
a  pox  peculiar  to  their  kind,  the  forms  seem  closely  allied.  They 
are  all  contagious  from  one  animal  to  another,  of  the  same 
species,  and  usually  among  the  different  species,  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent.  Having  any  of  the  different  kinds  of  variola  once, 
gj\es  immunity  from  subsecjuent  attacks  of  the  other  kinds,  for 
a  juimber  of  years,  at  least.  The  i)eriod  of  incubation— time 
after  exposure  Ijefore  disease  develops— is  about  ten  days. 

Ccruscs.—Thc  direct  cause  of  horse  jxjx  is  infection  by  con: 
nunucation  in  some  way  with  animals  that  have  the  disease. 
Cnlts  are  particularly  su.sceptible  to  contagion.  It  may  be  carried 
in  the  air:  harness  and  blankets  used  by  horses  with  the  disease 
aiay  also  be  a  means  of  contagion  A  stallion  with  the  disease 
may,  through  mares,  spread  it  to  many  farms  Attendants  carry 
contagion  on  their  clothes  and  hands,  and  may  get  inoculated, 
which  answers  for  vaccination.  This,  however,  is  more  severe 
than  when  vaccinated  with  cow  pox,  and  should  be  avoided. 

Symptoms. —There   is  a  slight,   sometimes  a  severe,   fet'er. 
mucous  membranes  highly  reddened,  heat  and  swelling  of  affected 

13  " 


194 


THE  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


hii' 


mi 


parts  for  a  day  or  two;  then  hard  hiinps  like  shot  form,  increasing 
in  size  to  one-half  inch  in  diameter;  the  hair  rnffles  np  and  skin 
reddens  around  the  pock;  on  the  third  to  sixth  day  a  limpid, 
yellowish  fluid  flows  from  the  pustules,  and  sticks  the  hair  up 
in  yellowish  scabs,  or  streaks,  on  the  removal  of  which  a  red,  raw 
depression  is  seen  with  the  scab  fixed  in  its  center.  In  three  to 
four  days  the  secretion  ceases,  pustules  dry  up,  parts  heal,  and 
the  scab  conies  off.  The  eruption  may  be  more  or  less  general, 
may  be  confined  to  st)fter  parts  of  the  body,  or  about  a  wound. 
Tkeatmknt. — 

Place  the  horse  on  a  low  diet,  with  little  or  no  grain,  give 
bran  mashes,  a  moderate  amount  of  hay,  a  few  carrots  or  apples— 
which  will  act  as  a  laxative— and  sloppy  feed  Give  water  when 
wanted,  but  do  not  have  it  cold.  Give  2-drachm  do.ses  of 
Saltpeter,  or  i -ounce  doses  of  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter,  three  times 
a  day.  If  fever  is  high,  give  Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite  lo  drops, 
and  I  drachm  of  Fluid  Extract  of  lielladonna  with  the  Saltpeter. 
Sulphate  of  Quinine,  in  >; -drachm  doses,  three  times  a  day,  ia 
valuable.  If  trouble  with  air  passages  and  lungs  is  threatened, 
apply  a  large  Mustard  plaster  to  the  belly  aiid  sides  of  the  chesti 
and  treat  as  under  "Inflammation  of  Lungs."  If  the  pustules 
run  together— are  confluent— apply  to  them  Oxide  of  Zinc 
ointment,  or  WTiite  Lotion,  and  if  ulceration  is  excessive  it  may 
have  to  be  touched  with  Lunar  Caustic. 

Exercise  great  care  in  keeping  animal  from  draughts;  blanket 
or  put  sheets  on  the  !)ody  and  bandage  the  legs.  When  conva- 
lescent, give  food  ea.sy  to  digest,  walking  exercise,  aiid  keep 
bowels  free  by  food  or  small  doses  of  Glau1)er's  Salts.  Animal 
must  be  kept  from  otlicr  horses,  and  all  straw  and  manure 
burned.  StaMe  must  be  scrubbed  with  disinfectants  of  the  most 
l'.nverful  kind,  then  closed  and  fumigated  by  burning  sulphur. 
(See  Fumigation,  under  "Di.siufectant.") 

GLANDERS  AND  FARCY.-These  are  but  different 
names  for  the  same  disease,  the  first  being  applied  lo  the  form 
where  the  nasal  passages,  air  tubes  and  lungs  are  affected,  while 
farcy  is  applied  to  the  form  that  is  manifested  in  the  lymphatic 
j^ia.ius  iiuu  uiuca  wissuco  ui  tiic  icgs  and  body,     dianders  covers 


all  forms  in  fact,  wliile  farcy  covers  the  otic.  The  two  forms  may 
exist  separately,  or  both  may  Ix;  fomul  in  the  same  case.  The 
contagion  lies  in  the  discharges,  either  from  tlie  nose  or  from  the 
farcy  "buds;"  it  is  contagious  only  hy  inoculation  or  direct  con- 
tact—the contagion  does  not  pass  through  the  air.  The  virus  of 
glanders  may  produce  glanders  or  farcy,  or  Ixith;  and  the  virus 
of  farcy  may  do  the  same. 

Causes.— T\k  direct  cause  is  inoculation  with  the  virus  from 
some  animal  having  the  disease.  Working  in  harness  with  a 
glandered  horse,  or  standing  in  the  stall  or  rubbing  the  nose  on  a 
hitching  jx)st,  or  fence,  or  the  ed'^^e  of  a  water  trough  where  a 
glandered  horse  has  stood.  The  latter  are  common  means  of 
infection,  for  when  a  glandered  horse  i>  driven  np  to  a  iwst  or 
trough,  the  first  thing  he  does  is  to  wipe  off  the  aecnnnilation  of 
matter  from  his  nose,  and  this  will  retain  its  vitality  for  a  long 
time.  The  poison  may  lie  dormant  in  the  system  for  from  a  week 
V}  two  months,  and  then  l)reak  out  in  acute  form,  causing  death 
i.'  from  three  to  six  weeks,  or  it  may  apjK-ar  in  a  mild  and  i  lironic 
form,  the  horse  living  and  sowing  seeds  of  trouble  for  others  for 
from  one  to  four  years.  Unscrupulous  dealers  sometimes  traffic 
in  glandered  animals,  explaining  that  the  running  nose  is  "only 
;>  rn\-\,"  and  the  swollen  legs  "bad  bhwd,"  thus  aiding  the  spread 
of  T,;;c-  disease.  The  disease  is  said  to  sometimes  arise  spontane- 
ously in  armies,  on  shipboard,  and  in  damii,  badly-ventilated 
stables,  but  it  cannot  develoj.  except  as  the  virus  is  introduced  in 
some  maimer. 

Sj'Mfi/onis.—Acinc  glanders  is  characterized  by  languor;  dry, 
staring  coit;  red,  weeping  eyes;  loss  of  apiKtile;  quick  pulse; 
elevated  tem[)eratnre,  the  thernioineter  showing  103  to  105; 
accelerated  breathing;  gray  purple  color  of  the  lining  of  the 
nose;  a  \"atery  discharge  which  soon  becomes  yellowish  and 
sticky,  causing  the  hair  on  which  the  matter  accumulates,  in  and 
around  the  nostrils,  to  stick  together.  Discharge  looks  like  melted 
butter,  and  sinks  wheii  dropped  into  water.  Glands  under  the 
jaw  swell,  are  rough  and  often  adhere  to  the  bone,  but  not  always, 
nasal  partition  becomes  ulcerated— small  ycllnwpfiints.  with  purple 
bases,  will  come  up  and  burst,  making  discharge  bloody  tor  thiS 


Jl 


4 


i 


C  1 


19* 


THK  PRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I 
I 


i 


|T-i 


time.  These  ulcers,  wilh  depressed  centers,  will  spread  ami  run 
toj;elIier,  i>rtMUiciii>'  a  ran^ol  sorv;  llic  discharge  increases;  llii* 
lungs  may  ln-conic  atkcled  by  ulcers  forming;  in  them;  hrealhinj^ 
Ix'comes  lalxjred,  and  finally  deatli  ensues. 

In  the  chronic  form,  tliv  course  is  nnich  lonjjer,  and  toward 
«he  last  all  the  symjHians  arc  ohscrved  in  the  nuxlifietl  form.  At 
first  the  symptoms  may  pass  unnoticed.  The  apjietite  is  les.s 
iini)airfd  until  ne.ir  the  la  , ;  discharge  less  copious,  and  emacia- 
tion takes  place  more  slowly.  Shotdd  the  horso  In.'  exix)sed  at 
any  time  to  hardship  or  storms,  the  chronic  n:  ay  run  into  the 
acute  form,  C<ni>;h  is  not  always  noticed,  and  ulcers  may  be  so 
far  up  the  nosc  as  to  bo  out  of  sij;ht.  Sonntimes  it  is  necessary 
to  inoculate  a  worthless  animal,  or  some  small,  susceptible 
animal,  in  onler  to  determine  the  disease,  which,  if  j;landers,  will 
nui  its  course  in  inocidated  animals  in  from  two  to  three  weeks: 
or,  the  .susixcted  is  tested  with  malleiiu 

P'arcy  is  recoj;ni/ed  by  tln'  swellinj^  of  the  lymphatics  affected; 
this  (xrurriu};  alonj;  the  line  of  the  lymphatics,  on  the  inside  of 
the  lej:;s,  belly,  or  any  part  of  the  l)od\-;  small,  nodular  p<jint>' 
come  up,  which  break  and  discharge  a  glairy,  unhealthy  pus; 
run  a  few  days,  dry  up  and  have  a  scar  oi  bare  sjiot  that  is  per- 
manint.  Other  "buds"  or  "buttons"  follow  in  the  same  course. 
Swelling  of  limbs  does  not  yield  to  treatment,  and  they  become 
chronically  enlarged.  Discharge  is  contagious,  the  s.nme  as  from 
nose.  Farcy  sooner  or  later  runs  into  glanders  and  ternu'nates  in 
death.  Sunnning  up  the  es,sential  sjniptoms  of  farc\-,  they  are: 
the  nodules,  or  buds  or  buttons,  as  they  are  called,  which  form 
under  th<;  skin,  varying  from  the  si/e  of  a  bullet  to  that  of  a  wal- 
init,  forming  most  often  on  the  sides  of  the  lips  and  neck,  lower 
part  of  slKndders,  inside  of  thighs,  or  the  outside  of  the  legs;  the 
ulcers  formed  by  the  breaking  of  the  buttons,  heal  slowly,  some- 
times not  at  all;  the  discharge  from  the  ulcers,  and  the  cord>j 
formed  by  swelling  ;nid  lianlening  of  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

(rlanders,  in  some  resi)eits,  resembles  chronic  catarrh,  and 
may  !>;  mistaken  for  it,  and  catarrh  is  sometimes  mistaken  for 
glanders.  A  discharge;  from  the  nostril,  the  result  of  disea.sed 
teeth,  has  also  been  nii.staken  for  the  discharge  of  glanders,  and 
the  horse  killed.     In  all  doubtful  cases,  the  horse    slnnild    be 


DISKASES  OF  THK  HORSH 


197 


tested  with  malltiti.  This  is  the  poison  produced  by  the  Ktrm 
raiising  the  disease,  and  is  ohlained  !>>  cidtivating  the  >^erms 
artificially.  To  test  the  horse,  the  teinjx;ratiire  is  taken  five  ot 
nix  times  ilurmg  the  day,  and  at  nine  or  ten  o'clock  at  night  a 
little  of  the  niallein  is  injected  underiealh  the  ski"  in  the  region 
of  the  neck;  aljout  eight  hours  after  the  injection,  tlie  tenij)era- 
ture  is  again  taken,  antl  the  taking  reiKuted  each  hour  through- 
out the  day.  If  the  tenijH.ratnre  rises  two  or  more  degrees  higher 
after  nijectioii  than  Injfoie,  the  disea.se  is  pronounced  glanders. 
If  the  distjase  is  not  glanders,  the  tenij)eratnre  ought  not  to  rise 
any  higher  after  than  before  injection.  If  the  animal  is  aflected 
with  glanders,  tliere  will  also  l)e  a  larger  and  s«)rer  tumor  at  the 
|M)int  of  injection  than  when  not  glandered.  A  veterinarian 
should  always  apply  the  test. 

TKi;.\TMr-N-r  — 

No  renudies  have  yet  l)ccn  found  that  are  of  any  avail  what- 
ever. This,  added  to  the  fact  that  the  contagion  is  conveyable 
to  man  in  a  \ery  fatal  fcrni,  adds  a  still  more  serious  aspect.  The 
animal  should  be  destroyed,  buried  deeply  or  burned,  and  the 
stable,  hames.s  and  cverythitig  used  alwut  the  horse  disinfected. 


11 


STRANGLES  OR  DISTEMPER  —  COLT -ILL  — 
CATARRHAL  FEVER— This  is  an  infectious  disease  of 
horse,  mule  or  ass.  It  is  most  frequently  seen  in  young  animals, 
and  usually  leaves  an  animal  who  has  had  an  attack  free  from 
future  trouble  of  the  kind ;  generally  more  sevce  with  older 
animals.  It  apf)ears  as  a  fe\er,  which  lasts  for  a  few  days,  with 
frequently  the  formation  of  abscesses  on  aiij-  part  of  the  lxxly,but 
particularly  around  the  throat.  Sometimes  there  are  noabscesses, 
alio  the  fever  remains  diffused  through  the  system.  In  ea.se 
absces.ses  form  elsewhere  than  around  the  throat,  or  where  there 
are  no  abscesses,  it  is  called  "Bastard  Strangles."  Period  of 
incubation,  five  to  eight  days.  Course  of  disease  about  nine  to 
twelve  days. 

Cai/s/s.~li  is  ihoupht  sometimes  that  it  arises  spontaneously 
from  the  existence  in  the  system  of  some  morbid  matter  developed 
while  growing,  fi»r  this  kind  is  oulv  fotind  among  yoang  horses^ 


t( 


''A 


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Tlin  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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but  the  iirimipal  source  of  conta^ioti  is  hy  inK-ction.  It  is  ptoh- 
al.ly  a  gi-riii  disease,  altlioiijjli  no  siK.cifu-  j^eriu  has  iver  Ueu 
isolated 

S}»//>/ows.  Hor>-e  at  first  is  sluKRish  if  used,  or  wlien  placed 
in  stable,  and  pays  little  attention  to  Mirroundin^s;  api)etite  is 
variable;  thirst  is  increased,  hut  drinksofUiur  rather  than  more 
at  a  time,  and  when  drinking  water  comes  haik  through  nose; 
coat  lucdnus  dry  and  staring.  At  times  there  are  chills  in  one  or 
mnte  iiHiiilKrs,  or  in  severe  cases  all  over  the  l«)dy,  with  trem- 
bling of  nuiMles,  dryness  of  skin,  and  hairs  on  end.  Membranes 
of  mouth  arc  of  a  bright  rosy  color;  pulse  (juickened,  temjKrature 
rises,  and  breathing  may  be  slightly  accelerate<l.  At  the  end  of 
a  cotii)!c  of  days  there  is  a  cough  and  nasal  <lischarge,  which  at 
first  is  water)-,  but  later  thicker,  bluish  in  tinge,  and  finally 
yellowish,  like  matter,  and  increases  in  (juantity.  The  cough, 
which  at  first  is  repeated  and  harsh,  becomes  softer  as  discharge 
increases,  but  varies  according  to  source  of  discharge.  Shortly 
after  discharge,  a  swelling  takes  place  under  the  jaw  or  about  the 
throat.  Sometimes  this  is  very  large,  and  if  alxjut  the  throat, 
head  is  carried  out.  Swelling  at  first  is  pulTy,  somewhat  hot  and 
tender,  and  finally  1)ecomes  distinctly  s<},  and  an  abscess  is  felt,  or 
having  broken,  discharge  is  seen  dripping  from  small  o}x.-ning. 
When  swellings  come  in  tne  lungs,  the  breathing  is  afTected,  v,  'Vi 
symptoms  of  pneumonia.  If  in  the  abdomen,  there  will  In;  colic 
pains,  and  he  will  lie  down  more  or  less  of  the  time  Sometimes 
it  comes  around  the  heart.  Any  of  the  unusual  forms  are  likely 
to  be  fatal. 

Tkk.\tmi:nt. — 

Ordinarily,  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  iK-j-ond  a  tea- 
spfx>r.ful  ot  Saltpeter  and  a  teaspfx)nfnl  of  Fluid  IC.xtract  of 
Belladonna,  three  times  a  day,  along  with  diet,  warm  mashes, 
.loistencd  hay,  warm  coverings,  and  protection  from  exposure  to 
cold.  The  latter  must  Ijc  rigidly  obser\'ed,  as  lung  troubl-js, 
bronchitis,  and  laryngitis  are  often  the  result  of  neglect.  If  the 
case  is  more  severe,  give  the  treatment  as  for  "Laryngitis." 
Steam  the  head.  Give  the  medicines  in  fonn  of  a  paste  if  the 
throat  is  sore,  as  it  generally  Is.     Poultice  the  swellings  with 


DISEASES  OP  THE  HORSB IQJ 

Flax'Hjefl  ixjultices,  and  when  they  point,  open,  tt  let  thetu 
break,  and  then  flush  out  with  CarboHc  Acid  solution.  Prompt 
aclani  may  save  serious  conscfiuenccs.  \\  en  lung  complications 
.^how  themselves,  apply  Mustard  plaster  to  lielly  and  sides  of  the 
chest,  and  treat  as  for  "Inflammation  ol  the  Lungs."  When 
convalescence  begins,  be  careful  alxjut  exposure  to  cold,  and  go 
Mow  a!x)ut  putting  animal  to  anything  like  hard  work. 

The  disease  is  sometimes  followwl  by  an  tnithrifty  condition, 
sw.-lliiig  :>(  iheath,  legs  atut  underside  of  belly.     In  such  cajcs, 

give: 

Titiclureof  Iron J4  ounce. 

Quinine 'A  drachm, 

Witcr 'A  pint. 

Three  times  a  day,  in  addition  to  the  other  treatment.  Ounce 
doses  of  IIyix)snli>liitj  of  Soda  are  also  good  in  these  cases 

INFLUENZA  —  PINK-EYE  —  EPIZOOTIC.-This  Is 

a  specific,  contagious,  and  infectious  fever  of  the  horse,  ass,  and 
mule.  It  is  attended  with  changes  in  ^be  blood,  stupefaction  of 
the  brain  and  nervous  system  depression  of  the  vital  forces,  and 
frefineiitly  iiiflainmatory  complications  of  the  lungs,  intestines, 
or  other  parts  of  the  Ijody.  Young  horses  are  more  subject  to 
the  ^li^ease  than  older  ones,  and  one  attack \sually  makes  the 
animal  inimnne 

(^,„^ ,^5  —Infection  is  the  direct  cause  of  the  die^p'-c".  The 
germs  may  be  carried  through  the  air  to  a  considerable  distance, 
but  the  bedding,  and  droppings  of  sick  animals,  may  convey  the 
discasi!  to  otliers,  if  exposed  to  them.  Drinking  troughs,  and 
e\en  running  water  may  l)e  a  means  of  spreading  disease,  while 
attendants  of  sick  animals  carry  the  infection  in  tlieir  clothing. 
I'rom  unknown  causes  the  disease  may  assume  an  epizootic  form, 
aflecting  a  very  large  number  of  animals,  as  in  1872  and  1878. 

Syniplovis.—T\\Q  time  of  incubation  is  from  five  to  seven 
days,  during  ^viiich  time  the  horse  seems  in  good  health.  The 
first  symptoms  are  those  of  rapidly  develojHng  fever,  which 
quickly  becomes  intense;  animal  is  dull  and  inattentive;  stands 
with  head  down  and  back  on  halter,  as  in  serious  lung  troubles; 
has  chills,  and  frequently  grinding  of  the  leeth,  which  indicates 


fe 


1 


?c» 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


'III 


a  severe  a'.tacK      The  hair  becomes  dry  aiul  staring,  and  fever 
ranges  high      Horse  becomes  stupid  and  immobile;  hangs  his 
head;  ears  drooping,  and  not  easy  to  arouse.     Jiyes  are  swollen, 
•^nietimes  entirely  closed,  and   tears  run  down  the  cheeks,  in 
some  cases  blistering  them.     Breathing  is  quickened  to  25  or'30, 
and  jiulse  to  70,  Ho  and  even   luo  a  minute      Great  depression  of 
muscular  f^.ce  ensues,  and  horse  stands  limp,  as  if  used  up.     If 
moved  seems  we.nk,  sometunes  almost  staggerii;g.     The  visible 
'uembrancs,  as  .»f  the  eye,  from  which  it  took  the  name  '  Pink- 
•yc,"  v.y.l   the*  mouth   and  n.itural  openings,  become  of  a  deep 
s  iTrou,  achiv,  or  violet  red  color.     There  is  1  great  dimiiiution 
of  appetite,  or  total  loss,  with  an  exces.sive  thirst       Followitis^ 
levee  there  is  apt  to  be  swelling  of  the  sub-cutanjous  tissues  a; 
the  fetlocks,  of  beilv,  of  the  sheath  of  the  penis,  which  may  be 
tremendous.      In  ordinary  cases  the  fever  has  reached  its  heighth, 
105  to  .T07,  in  tweiity-tuur  to  forty-eight  hours,  and  so  continues 
for  f.ro>u  three  to  four  days.      At  the  termination  of  tne  course  of 
♦he  'iiscase-about   iliree  day^— the  fever  diminishes  almost  aa 
r  ipidly  a.s  it  !)e-aii,  attended  by  a  diminution  of  ill  the  unfavor- 
able svniptonis,  with   rapid  gain   in  weight  and  strength.     For 
the  €rst  thri--  days  )f  high  temperature  there  is  a  great  ton-ieacy 
to   cons'::patio,i,    \)^uch   should   be   avoided,    if   possible,   for  If 
marked,    mav    •>.,•    follo.ved   by    a   trouhlesome   diarrhea.     The 
terminatioti  of  inlkien/a  may  be  death,  due  to  extreme  fever, 
with  failure  of  heart's  action;   from  coma,  due  to  congestion  of 
tile  brain;  from  blood  {wison;  from  suffocation,  foIlowTng  con- 
gestion of  Ills  lungs;  or  disea;ie  terminates  in  rapid  recovery  to 
health;  or,  in  too  large  a  percentage  of  cases,  the  course  of  the 
disease  is  complicated  with  local  inflammatory  troubles    ^  ,  the 
hing  disorders,  whose  gravity  Js  greater  ixi  infiuen/.a  tliau  when 
occurring  separately 

Treatment. — 

When  symptoms  are  first  noticed,  lay  the  horse  tip  at  once. 
See  that  the  stable  is  clean,  dry  and  well  aired,  but  free  from 
drafts,  blanket  bodv  and  bandage  the  legs;  give  r.oft  food  to  eat, 
if  horse  desires  food,  and  if  appetite  is  poor,  try  a  little  oats,  car- 
rots, apples  and  the  like,  grass  if  In  sea.son.   Give  animal  to  drink 


DIPKASEB  OK  THK  HORSE 


20I 


of  cold  water  in  small  quantities,  but  often.  If  seen  during  chill, 
give  I  ounce  of  Alcohol  in  a  little  water  and  repetit  every  hour 
until  chill  is  off. 

After  the  chill  is  over,  gi-  e  \.ik  fnlloving: 

Fluid  Extr^rt  of  Ac    uile i  drachm. 

Fluid  Extract  of  B>     i!..-na i  ounce. 

Alcohol Bounces. 

Saltpeter 2      " 

Water  to  make i  pi"t. 

Shake.     Dose,  2  ounces,  four  times  n  day 

Also  give  ^-drachm  doses  of  Quinine  three  or  four  times  a 
day      If  the  fever  runs  high  gi\e: 

Acetanilid i  drachm, 

Alcohol «  ounce, 

Water 'A  pi"t. 

Two  or  three  time.s,  as  indicated  by  temperature. 

After  two  days,  use  the  following  in  place  of  the  first  mix- 
lure: 

Fluid  I':xtractof  Digitalis Ji  ounce. 

Fluid' Extract  of  Helladonna J-i       " 

Alcohol 6  ounces. 

Saltpeter I'/i       " 

Water  to  m.ike I  pint. 

Dosf:  2  ounces,  four  time.s  a  d:iy. 

If  heart  shows  weakness,  give  i  or  2  grains  of  Strychnine 
three  or  four  times  a  day  in  addition  to  the  above.  If  comjilica- 
tions  ensue,  treat  as  for  that  disease.  After  animal  commences  to 
recover,  give  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion,"  and  put  to 
work  gradually  after  thoroughly  recovered.  If  eyes  are  badly 
inflamed,  treat  as  for  "Ophthalmia."  If  there  is  constipation, 
give  one  pint  doses  of  raw  Linseed  Oil  daily,  and  injections  per 
rectum.  Three  or  4-ouuce  doses  of  Epsom  Salts  may  be  used  in 
place  of  the  oil. 


i 


•  I  ^i 


S  CALM  A.— This  is  an  infectious  disease  of  the  horse, 
attended  with  fever  and  complications  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
the  windpipe,  and  the  larj'nx,  which  are  shown  by  the  cough 


«  if 


ti 


I 


202 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


m 


attending.  It  is  similar  to  "Whooping  Cough'  in  man.  It 
occurs  often  as  a  stable  plague.  It  is  rarely  fatal,  except  from 
complication  of  pleurisy  or  excessive  spasms  of  coughing.  The 
pericxl  of  incubation  is  six  to  seven  days,  but  may  develop  in  two 
or  run  on  to  ten  days.  Contagion  may  spread  by  actual  contact, 
as  standing  in  stall  where  a  horse  with  disease  has  stood,  or  it 
may  be  taken  in  the  air,  several  stalls  distant.  One  attack  is 
usually  protecti\-e. 

Sy»iptoms. — The  clisea.se  is  ushered  in  by  fever,  which 
reaches  a  high  temperature,  but  not  corresjX)!idiiig  acceleration  of 
breathing  and  pulse.  With  fever  there  is  developed  a  diffuse 
bronchitis,  which  is  sub-acute  in  character  and  course.  The 
windpifK*,  larnyx,  phatynx  and  even  nasal  passages  may  be 
involved.  In  two  or  three  days,  a  grayish  di.scharge  occuis  from 
the  nostrils,  which,  in  variable  quantity,  may  last  for  from  eight 
£0  fourteen  days,  or  even  twenty-one  days.  The  cough  is  short, 
rough  and  painful,  spasmot'ic  in  its  occurrence  and  in  character. 
The  slight  watery  or  slimy  nasal  discharge  may  become  more 
profuse,  purulent,  or  even  "rusty,"  if  the  bronchitis  has  extended 
to  the  neighboring  structure.  Pulse  and  breatliing,  usually  but 
little  quickened,  unless  from  complication  .r  coughing.  Tem- 
perature rises  rapidly  and  attains  sometimes  io~yi,  but  not  often. 
In  two  or  three  days  after  cough  sets  in,  temperature  usually 
drops.  The  hide  is  dry  and  rough,  but  horse  looks  "out  of  con- 
dition "  rather  than  sick;  emaciation  is  rapid;  nmcous  membranes 
are  reddened;  appetite  diminishes,  but  animal  chews  constaritly; 
eating  or  drinking  cause  frequent  fits,  of  coughing.  Percussion 
on  chest  shows  no  changes,  but  mucus  rales  are  heard,  and  at 
times  tubular  breathing.  Throughout  the  course  of  the  disease 
we  have  one  constant  symptom— ncivous  irritability.  Horse 
flinches  when  touched  on  the  loins,  even  at  high  fever  tem|)era- 
tures,  stands  with  head  up  from  entrance  of  anyone  in  the  stall; 
will  bite  and  strike  at  first  touch,  rear,  back,  and  sometimes  l)reak 
his  halter.  Course  of  disease  is  five  to  eight  days,  but  cough 
may  continue  two  or  three  weeks  with  variable  temperature.  In 
recovery  the  temperature  drops,  cough  becomes  less  frequent, 
less  spasmodic,  and  appetite  returns. 


DISHASIvS  OF  THK  HORSE 


203 


Trkatment. — 

The  treatment  where  there  are  a  number  of  horses  should  Ik; 
first,  preventive.  Infected  animal  should  be  removed  and  com- 
plete disinfectiun  follow.  The  individual  treatment  should  be 
simple.  Put  horse  in  large,  clean  stall,  with  fresh  air  without 
drafts,  give  frequent  rubbings  and  blanket  warmly,  and  tempting 
food  to  keep  up  appetite.  Regulate  the  digestive  tract  with 
small  doses  of  raw  Linseed  Oil— a  pint  once  a  day— and  give  the 
same  prescription  as  in  the  previous  disorder.  When  cough  is 
excessive,  give  Camphor,  2  draclnns,  and  Chloride  of  Ammonia, 
2  drachms,  three  times  a  day.  Steaming  the  head  is  good  for  the 
cough.  One-half  drachm  do.ses  of  Quinine,  three  times  a  day,  i:^ 
valuable.    If  any  of  the  lung  disorders  develop,  treat  accordingly. 


I 


DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN 


CRACKED   HEELS    OR    SCRATCHES. -These  are 

simply  chaps  and  cracks  around  the  heels  and  at  the  back  of  the 
pastern;  corresponding  to  chapped  hands  in  man.  Usually  they 
are  simple,  but  sometimes  stubborn,  requiring  time  and  persever- 
ance for  their  cure. 

Causes. — Exposure  to  cold,  nmd,  snow,  slush  and  ice-water, 
without  proper  care  in  Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring;  washing  and 
not  projierly  drying  the  skin;  .standing  in  dirty  stables  in  contact 
with  dung  and  urine;  or  anything  that  will  tend  to  irritate  the 
skin.  Hairy,  round-legged  horses  are  more  subject  to  the  disease 
•han  light  ones. 

Syviptoms. — The  skin  is  swollen  in  the  hollow  of  the  pastern, 
accompanied  with  transverse  cracks;  sometimes  there  are  lunnerous 
small  ones,  again  fewer  large  ones.  When  dry,  they  will  b-  iiot, 
sore  to  touch,  and  painful.  When  the  rear  limbs  are  affected, 
sometimes  the  bending  will  cause  the  horse  to  raise  the  feet  a 
couple  of  feet  high  at  first,  but  with  exercise,  the  soreness  partially 
diaappcats. 


204 THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Treatmknt. — 

Remove  the  cause  if  possible.  If  there  is  miich  heat  and 
inflainiii.itioii,  j,ive  a  laxative  of  5  drachms  of  Aloes,  or  J4  pound 
of  Glauber  Salts,  and  follow  with  a  teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter  three 
times  a  day.  If  horse  has  been  overfed  with  grain,  reduce  same, 
or  rejilac.  with  hrau  mashes.  Flaxseed  and  other  laxative  food. 
If  debilitated,  give  nutritious  food  and  a  good  tonic.  When  horse 
comes  in,  wipe  off  parts  as  clean  as  possible  and  apply  White 
Lotion: 

AceUitc  of  Lead 2  oiuioes. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc i^       " 

CarlKjIic  Acid j  nuinc. 

^VatL-r I  ijujrt. 

Shake. 

One-half  the  water  in  the  lotion  can  be  replaced  with  Witch 
Hazel  to  good  advantage.  If  the  part  is  highly  inflamed,  foment 
and  poultice  a  portion  of  the  time.  If  cracks  get  dry,  apply  a 
little  melted  lard. 

The  front  of  the  hocks  and  the  back  of  the  knees  are  some- 
times affected  with  a  condition  similar  to  "Scratches."  and  while 
these  conditions  receive  ditlereut  names,  the  treatment  is  exactly 
as  for  "Scratches." 


GREASE  HEEL. —  This  is  a  name  given  to  a  disease 
which  alTects  the  back  of  the  fetlock  and  the  part  immediately 
above.  It  is  inflannnation  of  the  skin  involving  the  oil  glands; 
gererally  confined  to  the  long  hair  known  as  the  "Feather." 
The  name  is  given  on  account  of  the  discharge,  which  is  profuse 
and  greasy  in  appearauce,  and  has  a  very  offensive  smell. 

Cattsfs. — Scratches  when  neglected  may  run  into  grease  heel; 
filth  is  al.so  an  exciting  cau.se;  high  feedhig  with  light  exercise  is 
a  predisjxjsing  cause.  Generally  confined  to  the  draft  hor.se,  and 
to  those  having  a  tendency  to  the  thick,  round  legs. 

Symptoms.— ThQ  affected  leg  is  swollen  at  the  fetlock;  if  the 
part  is  handled  it  is  found  to  be  hot  and  sore,  the  animal  picking 
the  limb  up  very  high.  In  severe  cases  there  vill  be  elevation 
of  the  temperature  and  accelerated  pulse.     After  a  day  or  two 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 305 

there  is  an  offensive,  oily  discharge  from  the  part.  In  the  more 
severe  cases  the  animal  is  lame.  If  the  horse  is  moved  much 
there  will  form  large  transverse  cracks  above  the  fetlock,  in 
wliich  "prond  flesh"  is  apt  to  develop,  called  "grapes."  The 
part  itches  more  or  less.  Sometimes  in  mild  cases  there  is  little 
more  than  a  scurfy  condition  of  the  .skin,  with  the  dropping  of 
some  of  the  long  hair.  The  disease  is  apt  to  leave  scars  and  ar" 
enlarged  leg  unless  properly  treated. 

Treatment. — 

Give  a  dose  of  Aloes — S  drachms — and  feed  on  soft  feed  for 
a  few  days.  Also  give  i  teaspoonfu!  of  Saltpeter  and  [4  tea- 
spoonful  of  Fluid  Extract  of  C<.lchicum  Seed  three  times  a  day. 
I/ically  apply  hot  fomentations  to  the  leg  during  the  day,  and 
poultice  at  night.  Use  Carbolic  Acid  water  for  making  the 
poultice,  and  put  some  charcoal  in  it.  Bathe  the  part  well  two 
or  three  times  a  day  with  the  following: 

Acetate  of  Lead a  ounces. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc I'A      " 

Witch  Ilaztl I  pint. 

Water I     " 

If  the  proud  flesh  starts,  destroy  by  dusting  onto  it  burned 
Alum  or  Sulphate  of  Zinc.  If  the  part  gets  dry,  grease  well 
with  melted  lard.  After  the  inflammation  subsides,  if  some  of 
the  swelling  still  remains,  exercise  the  horse  to  take  it  down,  and 
then  handrul)  and  apply  a  thick  cold  bandage,  applying  fresh 
water  every  half  hour.  Exercise  twice  a  day.  Enlargements 
that  have  existed  for  some  time  cannot  be  removed.  Duritig 
the  acute  stage  of  the  disease  keep  the  horse  quiet,  as  moving 
causes  the  part  to  crack  more. 

MUD  FEVER.— This  is  inflanuuation  in  the  skin  of  the 
legs,  from  the  feet  to  the  knees  and  the  hocks.  The  skin  is 
covered  with  scabs  as  though  blistered,  and  when  they  come  off 
the  hair  usually  comes  off  with  them,  leaving  the  legs  bare. 

Cause. — Chilling  of  the  skin  by  standing  or  working  in  cold 
mud  and  ice-water.  The  skin  becomes  thoroughly  chilled,  almost 
like  froet-bitten,  and  when  warmeti  the  reaction  is  so  great  as  to 


I 


l! 


206 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


produce  nmch  inflammation,  whicli  leads  to  the  conditions  spoken 
of  above,  and  sometimes  to  boils  or  furuncles.  It  is  most  com- 
mon on  limestone  roads,  tl-e  soil  beiuR  irritating.  The  condition 
of  the  animal  is  a  prcdisixising  cause. 

S»,p/>m,s. -Then:  is  swelling  of  the  legs.  After  exposure 
for  a  day  or  more  to  cold,  wet  mud,  or  ice-water  they  will  he 
found  \ery  hot  and  .sore  the  next  morning.  In  a  few  days  the 
hair  will  he  filled  with  .scabs  that  cling  tightly  to  tlie  skin,  which 
after  a  few  days  more,  will  loosen  and  come  ofT.  bringing  the  haii 
with  them,  and  leave  the  legs  entirely  bare  in  some  instances. 
There  IS  usually  more  or  less  general  fever,  with  rheumatic  ten- 
dency.    There  is  a  stifltncss  when  the  animal  is  moved. 

Tkeatmknt. — 

If  a  severe  case,  leave  the  animal  in  the  barn  for  a  few  days. 
Foment  tlie  legs  by  putting  a  heavy  l.andage  around  them  aiul 
keeping  it  wet  with  hot  water;  re-apply  water  every  half  hour, 
".athe  two  or  three  times  a  day  with  lotion  as  for  "Grease  Heel." 
Give  the  same  internal  treatment  as  for  "Grease  Heel."  This  is 
very  imixjrtant.  When  the  inflammation  subsides  and  the  swel- 
ling commences  to  go  out,  keep  greased  well  with  melted  lard. 
If  animal  is  unthrifty,  follow  with  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indi- 
gestion.'' 

ECZEMA.— This  disease  is  sometimes  confused  with  mange 
but  the  nature  is  (juite  different,  as  mange  is  caused  by  a  parasite 
working  in  tlie  skin,  wliile  eczema  is  lu-t,  it  being  a  congestion  of 
the  skin,  with  a  thick  crop  of  little  blisters,  formed  by  eflu.sions 
of  a  straw-colored  fluid  l.etweeii  the  true  skin  and  th.e  cuticle,  or 
outer  layer. 

r(7;««.— Indigestion,  and  the  presence  of  irritant  matter  in 
the  blood  and  sweat;  high  feeding  with  light  exerci.se.  The 
excitement  in  the  skin,  caused  by  the  shedding  of  the  coat,  lack 
of  grooming,  hot  weather,  hot,  Iwiled,  or  steamed  foods,  are 
conducive  to  the  eruption.  Lastly,  any  change  of  food  may 
cause  it. 

5}7;//>/^w5.— First,  there  is  a  dryness  of  the  skin  on  the  lower 
part  of  the  limbs,  around  the  head,  neck,  on  the  back  and  hios- 


f  I 


DISEASRvS  OF  THE  HORSE 


207 


tlien  little  pimples  form,  varying  in  size  from  a  millet  seed  to 
that  of  a  ix;a,  which  break  and  allow  ih<'  vscape  of  a  fluid,  which 
fortns  as  a  slightly  yellowish  scab  or  crust  around  the  roots  of 
the  hairs.  When  the  scabs  are  removed  a  little  of  the  hair  comes 
with  them.     It  is  apt  to  create  much  itching. 

Trk.\tmknt. — 

This  disease  is  so  -.'ten  the  result  of  indigestion  that  a 
laxative  should  bo  given— ?^  pound  of  Ep.som  Salts  in  three  or 
four  (juarts  of  water,  or  i  quart  of  raw  Linseed  Oil,  or,  if  the 
animal  is  fat,  give  an  ounce  of  Aloes.  Feed  very  lightly  on 
laxative  food,  bran,  .scalded  oats,  roots,  and  a  little  hay.  Also 
give  a  teaspoonful  of  Salti^ter,  and  a  half  teasiK)onful  of  Fluid 
Extract  of  Colchicum  Seed  three  times  a  day.  Keep  the  bowels 
active  by  rei)eated  doses  of  oil,  if  necessary.  After  continuing 
the  treatment  for  a  week,  put  the  animal  on  the  tonics,  as  for 
"Chronic  Indigestion."  Treatment  may  have  to  be  continued 
for  some  time.  Drachm  doses  of  Sulphur  two  or  three  times  a 
day  are  beneficial. 

As  a  wash  to  stop  the  itching,  use  cooking  Soda,  i  to  2 
ounces;  water,  i  quart;  or  Salt,  i  handful;  water,  I  gallon;  or 
Sulphuric  Acid,  i  drachm;  water,  i  pint.  As  scabs  form ,  soften 
and  remove  them,  and  apply  a  little  Carbolic  Acid  solution. 

NETTLE-RASH -SURFEIT— URTICARIA.- This 

is  an  eruption  in  the  skin  in  the  form  of  nodules  or  lumps,  in  size 
from  a  hazel  nut  to  that  of  a  hickory  nut,  with  little  disposition 
to  the  formation  of  either  blister  or  pustule.  It  i-'  an  effort  on 
the  part  of  nature  to  throw  off  some  impurities  of  t.Le  blood.  The 
body  gets  fat,  the  blood  rich,  liver  and  kidneys  become  inactive, 
and  the  skin  takes  on  too  large  a  contract.  It  is  most  common 
in  the  spring,  and  among  good  feeders. 

Crt7<5«.— Are  shedding  of  coat;  changes  of  weather;  unwhole- 
someness  or  sudden  changes  in  the  food.  Too  high  feeding, 
especially  with  com. 

Sj»tp/oms.— Generally  comes  on  when  animal  is  warmed  tip. 
There  is  swelling  that  embraces  the  entire  thickness  of  the  skin, 
^j^^  terminates  by  an  abrupt  margin,  in  place  of  shading  off  into 


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surrouiKling  parts.  When  the  swellings  run  together,  they  form 
large  patches  of  thickened  skin.  Tlic,e  may  apj)ear  on  any  part 
of  the  b(Hly,  most  conmioii  on  neck,  shonldcrs  and  sides;  the  eye- 
lids may  be  closed;  lij>8  immovable,  or  nostrils  so  thickened  that 
breathniK  is  difilcnlt.  and  snuffling;  there  maybe  constipation, 
or  diarrhea,  or  colicky  j.ains,  Kruption  is  sudden,  the  whole 
skni  bemg  covered  in  a  few  hours,  and  it  may  disappear  as  (piickly, 
or  persist  for  six  to  eight  days. 

Tri-.atmknt. — 

Clear  the  bowels  by  an  8-draclun  dose  of  Rarbadoes  Aloes,  or 
Jjy  ii  Fjund  of  Kpsom  Salts,  and  follow  the  ojx-ration  with  daily 
doses  of  ;j  pint  of  raw  Linseed  Oil,  and  an  ounce  or  two  of 
Lpsom  Salts.     Follow  with  the  same  treatment  as  for  "Kczema." 

WARTS.— Warts  are  thickenings,  or  growths  of  the  skin. 
They  are  mostly  seen  in  yoinig  horses,  about  the  lips  eyelids 
cheeks,  ears,  ben.ath  the  belly,  and  on  the  sheath,  but  may 
appear  anywhere. 

TklCATMKXT. 

The  sm.dler  ones  may  be  cut  ofT  with  scissors  and  the  raw 
six)t  cauterized  with  a  little  Lunar  Caustic.    The  larger  ones  may 
be  cm  oil  with  a  sliari>  l<"ife,  or  if  with  a  narrow  neck,  they  may 
be   twisted   (,f[   and   the  wound   cauterized.     Anotlier   way  is  to 
strangle  them  by  a  cord  tied  around  the  neck,  at  least  three  turns 
being  made  around,  and  the  ends  fixed  by  passing  them  beneath 
the  la,st  preceding  turn  of  cord,  so  that  they  can  be-  tightened  daily 
as  they  slack  by  shrinking  of  the  tissues.      If  neck   is  loo  broad' 
they  may  be  transfixed   by  a  double-threaded  needle  and  then 
tied  m  sections.     Very  broad  warts  that  cannot  be  treated  in  this 
way,  best  be  remove.!  by  applying  a  caustic.    Strong  Acetic  Acid 
IS  as  go.Ki  as  anything.     Moisten  the  wart  freely  with  the  acid, 
which  will  kill  the  outer  jwrtion  and  after  a  few  davs  the  scab 
can    be    reiiunx-d;    apply  the   aci.l    again   and    another    layer  is 
destroyed.     In  this  manner  the  etitire  wart   can  eventually  be 
removed. 

MELANOSIS -BLACK     PIGMENT    TUMORS. - 
These  are  common  in  gray  or  white  horses,  on  the  naturally  black 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


209 


ports  of  the  skin,  at  the  roots  of  the  tail,  around  the  anus,  vnilva, 
udder,  sheath,  eyelids,  and  lips.  They  may  also  form  in  the 
Inngs,  liver,  and  thi-  muscular  tissues,  but  thesi-  latter  aro  not 
c  scovcable  daring  life.  They  may  apix;ar  as  ix;a  like  mas.ses, 
or  as  multiple  tumors,  aggregating  many  pounds,  especially 
around  the  tail. 

Causes.   -Unknown. 

Symplofns. — Are  the  presence  of  black  tumors  that  form  under 
the  skin  but  show  through  quite  distinctly.  Usually  flat  and 
irregularly  round,  varying  greatly  in  si/.e  as  above  stated.  Nasty, 
disagreeable  sores  often  form  around  them.  They  commence  to 
appear  as  animal  commences  to  get  whiter;  are  made  up  of  the 
coloring  matter  of  the  skin. 

Trkatmhnt. — 

As  long  as  they  do  not  interfere  with  animal,  the  best  way, 
perhaps,  is  to  let  thetn  alone.  Some,  however,  recommend  to  cut 
them  out  v. 'len  they  first  make  their  apiK-arance,  as  it  can  then 
be  done  with  perfect  safety.  Monsell's  H  )luti()n  of  Iron  can  be 
used  to  prevent  bleeding.  Sometimes  they  may  be  corded  the 
same  as  directed  to  remove  warts.  If  sores  form,  clean  them  out 
and  dress  with  the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion  as  for  "Abscesses."  Use 
Tincture  of  Iodine  in  the  sores.  Sometimes  the  tumors  develop 
rapidly  and  render  the  animal  of  little  value  in  the  course  of  three 
or  four  years,  and  again  they  will  grow  very  slowly,  never  caus- 
ing any  .serious  inconvenience. 

MANGE. — This  is  a  disease  that  is  due  to  a  class  of  insects 
called  mites,  of  which  there  are  three  kinds  that  trouble  the 
horse.  One  of  them  burrows  iv  the  deeper  layers  and  cracks  of 
the  skin,  while  the  others  live  on  the  surface  imder  the  scabs, 
where,  of  course,  they  are  more  easily  got  at  than  the  former,  and 
hence  less  difficult  to  treat.  Mange  is  contagious  by  actual 
contact. 

Sytnpto^ns. — Tliere  is  incessant,  intolerable,  and  increasing 
itching  of  souie  pca»  of  the  skin — head.  tail.  back.  etc. — the  horse 


3  11 

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TIIK  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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inclining  hinisclf  toward  thf  hand  that  scratches  liini,  and  mov- 
ing his  lips,  as  if  liinisclf  scratihing^  Tlic  hairs  may  be  broken 
and  rubU'd  off,  and  sonic  conie  ont,  but  tlie  part  is  never  bald,  as 
in  rinKworm.  Scabs  of  any  thickness  may  form,  but  the  six-cial 
features  are  the  intense  itching,  and  the  discovery  of  the  nutes. 
In  fulds,  jx^sts,  trees,  and  fences  will  show  the  industry  in 
scratching  of  the  horse  that  has  the  disease,  and  as  t'-e  mites  pos- 
sess  considerable  vitality,  other  horses,  by  contact,  may  contract 
the  disease  sometime  after.  To  detect  the  mites,  scrajH.'  off  sonu' 
of  the  scales  and  examine  with  a  small  magnifying;  glass. 

Trkatmknt. — 

Remove  scalis  with  soap-suds,  using  a  brtish  if  necessary. 
Then  apply  thoroughly  a  wash,  made  by  boiling  i  ounce  of 
tobacco,  and  i  oimcc  f)f  Suli)hur,  in  i  quart  of  water.  This  may 
be  applied  more  th.in  once,  and  should  always  Ik-  repeated  after 
ten  to  twelve  da.\s,  to  destroy  new  brood  that  may  have  hatched 
in  the  interval.  All  harness,  and  stable  utensils  should  be  treated 
the  same;  blankets  may  be  Ixjiled,  and  the  stalls  treated  with  a 
whitewash  of  quicklime,  containing  ]{  pound  of  Chloride  of 
Lime  to  the  gallon. 

Solutions  of  various  coal  tar  products  on  the  market  are 
good,  as  Zcnoleinn,  Kreso,  etc.  Use  i  part  to  30  parts  of  water. 
The  same  applications  as  are  used  for  "Scab"  in  sheep  will  be 
effectual  with  the  horse.  If  animal  is  unthrifty,  follow  t,  at- 
meui  with  the  digestive  tonic.    See  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

RING-WORM.— This  is  a  fungus,  vegetable,  parasite, 
being  especially  common  in  young  horses  coming  into  traiin'ng 
and  work;  in  low-conditioned  colts  in  winter  and  spring  after 
confinement  indoors,  and  during  the  shedding  of  the  coat. 
Horses  of  lymphatic  temperament  are  more  subject  to  it  than 
nervous  ones. 

Causes.— Contagion  is  the  direct  cause  usually,  but  it  some- 
times seems  to  arise  spontaneously  from  horses  being  poorly 
kept,  and  from  filth. 

Symptoms. — There  is  a  formation  of  a  circular,  scur\'y  patch, 
where  the  fungus  has  established  itself,  the  hairs  of  the  affected 


DISKASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


211 


spot  tHiing  erect,  bristly,  twisted,  broken,  or  split  up  and  dropping 
o(T.  Later  the  spot  first  affected  becomes  entirely  bald,  and  a 
circular  row  of  hairs  around  this  are  bristly,  broken,  and  split. 
These  in  turn  arc  shed  and  a  new  row  outside  passes  through  the 
same  process,  so  that  extension  is  made  in  a  more  or  less  circular 
form.  The  central  bald  six)t,  covered  with  a  grayish  scurf  and 
•urroundfd  by  a  circle  of  broken  and  split  hairs,  is  characteristic. 
There  is  another  kind  of  ring-worm  called  "favus,  or 
honeycomb"  ringworm.  It  .shows  the  same  general  appearance 
as  the  other,  except  that  a  scab  forms  in  the  center  after  the 
ring  has  receded.     Treatment  is  the  same. 

Trbat.mh.nt. — 

Clip  off  the  hair  around   the  affected  part  and  paint  with 

Tincture  of   Iodine  twice  a  day  for  two  weeks,  or  apply  crude 

petroleum  in  the  same  way.     Or,  wash  with  soap  and  water  and 

apply; 

Corrosive  Sublimate 20  j^rams. 

Water 1  pint. 

J/ix. 

Repeat  once  a  day  until  cured.  Clean  and  whitewash  stalls, 
wash  harness,  and  then  apply  a  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid. 
Brushes  and  horse  clothing  must  also  be  thoroughly  cleansed  by 
Carbolic  Acid  solution,  or  by  boiling. 

HIDE-BOUND.— This  is  not  a  disease  of  itself,  but  rather  an 
effect  of  sonie  derangement  of  the  system  that  interferes  with  the 
general  health  and  gives  rise  to  a  generally  unthrifty  condition. 

Causes. — Indigestion,  which  in  turn  maybe  caused  by  any  of 
the  causes  which  produce  it. 

SjMpUmis.—The  skin  is  as  tight  on  the  body  as  a  glove  is  on 
the  hand,  and  the  hair  all  stands  the  wrong  way— a  staring  coat, 
as  it  is  termed.  Horse  is  usually  thin;  hair  is  dry,  and  skin  is 
harsh  and  dirty. 

Treatment. — 

Give  the  digestive  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion."  Give 
better  caie  and  feed.  If  from  "Worms,"  treat  accordingly.  Give  a 
'tin  at  grass  if  in  season.   Case  may  require  prolonged  treatment 


»ia Tlia  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

ITCHY  SKIN-PRURIGO.-This  is  an  itchy  condition 
of  the  skin,  all  ovrr  thcl)0<lyor  in  patches,  fliat  sonittinics  almost 
makes  a  horse  frantic.  Me  rubs,  scratches,  and  bites  himself 
continually. 

Cvto-t.  —  lt  is  one  form  of  surfeit,  and  is  caused  by  a  sur- 
feited, heated  condition  of  the  IkxIv  that  manifests  itself  in  that 
way:  an  extreme  sensitiveness  of  the  nerves  of  tiie  skin. 

TXRATMKNT. — 

C.ive   the  same  treatment  as  for  "Kczema,"  includiuK  the 
I>urt;aiive  and  other  internal  treatment,  and  the  washes. 
If  the  other  lotion  fails,  prepare  the  following: 

Carfioiiale  <jf  I'ot.ish 3  ilnithuis. 

Cy.iniclc  of  I'«t:isli 2  ),;Miiis. 

Walter I  quart. 

^/lX■.     Apply  once  daily. 

Or,  put  an  ounce  of  I-'luid  ICxtract  of  Belladonna  or  2  ounces  of 
I.audaiuim  m  a  quart  of  water  ami  wash  the  itchy  parts, 

ITCHY  TAIL.— This  is  an  itchy  condition  of  the  tail  at  its 
origin  or  dock. 

Causrs. —I'Wth,  surfeit,  worms  in  the  rectum,  or  some  other 
parasitic  disease. 

6>w/)/o'Wj.  — Horse  continually  rubs  his  tail  against  posts, 
fences,  or  anything  t'lat  he  can  reach. 


Treatmhnt,— 

Wash  the  tail  well  with  soap  and  water  once  a  day,  and  at 
each  washing,  saturate  the  hair  with  a  strong  solution  of  salt  and 
water,  or  with  cooking  Soda  and  water.  If  that  does  not  cure, 
give  injections  of  salt  and  water,  and  apply  the  following  lotion 
to  the  tail  three  times  daily: 

Sugar  of  Lead i  ounce 

Water 1  pint. 

Mix. 


I         f 


UISKASKS  OF  THK  HORSE 


aij 


If  this  does  nut  cure,  give  a  purgative  of  Aloes,  or  Salts,  and 

apply: 

Tannic  Aciil..  }i  ounce. 

VincK'*'' '  oiince. 

W«ltr I  qu«rt. 

iJ/;.r  and  apply  Ihrtre  times  iliiily. 

If  worms  are  the  cause-,  treat  internally,  as  for  "Worms," 

Aud  also  iiijtct  into  the  rectum: 

Sulphate  of  Iron I  ounce. 

W.iter 2  ([uarti. 

Ri'lK-ut  once  a  <lay  ft,r  a  few  days, 

If  unthrifty,  give  digestive  tonics,  as  in  "Chronic  Indiijes- 
tion." 

LICE.— -Two  kinds  of  lice  attack  the  horse,  the  skin-perfor 
ntin^  and  hlood-suckiiij^  kind,  and  the  l)road-headed  kind  with 
stronj;  mandibles,  that  oidy  bites  the  skin. 

Svinptoms. — Poor  cxindition  ;  itchiuR ;  loss  of  hair  are  the 
priniipal  symptoms.  Kxaminatioii  and  the  finding  of  the  lice  is 
the  [wsitive  one. 

TkKATMICNT. — 

Washing  the  horse  with  any  of  the  Coal  Tar  products,  xs 
Zcnoleum,  Krcso,  etc.,  u.sing  i  part  of  tlu'  product  to  50  parts  of 
water,  is  cfTectual.  Crcolin  Lotion,  niade  by  mixing  i  oimce  of 
Creolin  with  :  cpiart  of  water,  and  used  as  a  wash,  is  recommended; 
or  sponge  the  horse  with  an  infusion  made  by  steeping  for  two 
hours  I  pound  of  tobacco  jn  6  gallons  of  water.  Kerosene  Emul- 
sion is  also  go(Kl  This  is  made  by  taking  i  quart  of  Kerosene 
Oil,  I  quart  of  soft  water,  and  i  pound  of  soap;  dis.solve  the  soap 
in  the  water  and  heat  to  IxMling,  remove  from  the  stove  and  add 
the  oil;  mix  violently  by  pumping  with  a  force  pump  from  one 
pail  into  another.  When  well  mixed  it  will  form  a  thick,  milky- 
colored  tluid  with  no  particles  of  free  oil.  Then  add  12  quarts 
iii'.rc  water,  mix  a  little  and  it  is  ready  for  use.  Bathe  the  horse 
with  the  mixture;  also  go  over  the  harness  and  the  stall. 

BOILS— FURUNCLES.-  These  may  appear  on  any  part 
of  the  skui,  but  ufe  eapceially  COiiitUou  uii  lUc  luvVci    part  O!  tue 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


limbs,  and  on  the  shoulders  and  back.     WTien  about  the  feet  the 
latter  name  is  applied. 

Causcs.-May  be  constitutional;  by  irritation  of  the  skin  by 
parts  of  harness;  01  is  attendant  on  unwholesome  diet  and  over- 
work, with  loso  of  general  health  and  condition.  May  follow 
weakening  diseases,  such  as  strangles  or  distemper.  When  about 
the  feet,  filth  acts  as  an  exciting  cause. 

Sj'ni^/oms.-Boils  differ  from  simple  pimples,  which  are  indi- 
vidual elevations  on  the  inflamed  skin,  in  that  they  affect  the 
deepest  layers  of  the  true  skin,  and  even  layers  beneath,  and  in 
the  death  and  sloughing  out  of  the  central  part  of  the  inflamed 
mass.  Again,  the  depth  of  the  hard,  indurated  swelling,  and  the 
formation  of  the  core,  which  is  bathed  in  pus  and  slowly  sepa- 
rate<l  from  surrounding  parts,  serve  to  di.stinguish  the  boil  from 
the  pustule  or  pimple,  from  the  farcy  bud,  and  from  the  super- 
ncial  abscess. 

Tkk.vtment. — 

The  incision  of  very  painfui  boils  by  a  sharp  knife  or  lancet 
in  two  directions,  followed  by  a  dressing  with  ■.  ounce  of  Car- 
bolic Acid  in  a  pint  of  water,  bound  with  cotton  wool  or  lint 
may  cut  them  short.  Or,  apply  warm  poultices  of  Linseed  meal 
or  wheat  bran,  and  renew  daily  until  the  center  of  the  boil 
softens,  when  it  should  l>e  lanced  and  the  core  pressed  out  Con- 
tinue poulticing  for  two  or  three  days  and  dress  with  a  Carbolic 
Acid  solution.  Remove  the  cause;  if  poor  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem, give  tonics.  If  animal  is  in  goocf  condition,  give  purgative 
(an  ounce  of  Aloes,  or  ^  pound  of  Epsom  Salts),  and  follow  with 
smaller  doses  at  intervals  of  two  or  three  days.  Also  give  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  Saltpeter,  and  'A  teaspoonful  of  Fluid  Extract  of 
Colchictnn  Seed,  three  times  a  day  for  a  week  or  two;  withhold 
a  week  and  give  again,  if  necessary;  >^ -ounce  doses  of  Fowler's 
solution  of  Arsenic  twice  a  day  is  excellent. 


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DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


315 


DISEASES  OP  THE  BRAIN  AND  OP  THB 
NERVOUS  SYSTEM 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN— PHRENITIS 
-ENCEPHALITIS— MENINGITIS.— This  Is  an  inflamma- 
tion of  the  brain  and  its  coverings. 

Causes. — Exposure  to  heat,  injuries  to  the  brain  from  concus- 
sion, and  from  fracture  of  the  cranium,  and  sometimes  as  the 
sequel  of  other  diseases. 

SytKploms.—T'hQSz  will  vary  at  the  outset,  depending  as  to 
whe'  ler  the  brain  itself  or  the  coverings  are  more  affected.  If  in 
covt  ings,  there  is  a  quick  pulse,  qtiick  breathing,  elevated  tem- 
perature; visible  mucous  membranes  are  very  red;  delirium,  horse 
wmetimes  being  perfectly  frantic,  dangerous  to  be  around.  After 
A  little  the  symptoms  change  aud  we  get  stupidity;  horse  places 
his  head  against  the  wall  and  pushes  and  braces  himself  against 
it,  bruising  his  head  more  or  less;  he  will  eat  occasionally,  and 
then  doze  off  into  a  fit  of  stupor  with  his  mouth  full  and  let  the 
food  drop;  when  aroused  he  will  move  around  with  an  unsteady 
gait,  put  his  head  against  the  wall  and  then  doze  off  again.  The 
pulse  is  now  slower  than  normal,  and  the  breathing  is  heavy  and 
slow.  These  symptoms  may  continue  for  several  days  and  the 
anmial  gradually  recovers,  or  he  may  die  during  the  early  symp- 
toms. Animals  that  do  recover  are  likely  to  have  recurrence  of 
attack.  Young  horses  are  more  likely  to  have  the  disease  than 
older  ones. 

Treatment. — 

It  is  dangerous  in  treating  an  animal  during  the  delirious 
stage  of  this  disease,  and  one  must  use  care  in  going  around  him. 
If  discovered  at  the  first  stage,  and  it  is  possible  to  give  the  ani- 
mal medicine,  give  a  physic — i  ounce  of  Aloes,  or  ^  of  a  pound 
of  Epsom  Salts.  Also,  during  the  stage  of  excitement,  give  %• 
ounce  doses  of  Bromide  of  Potash  hi  a  little  water;  repeat  every 


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ai6  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

iw(.  or  three  hours  until  quieter,  and  stop  giving  when  he  becomes 
stupid.     Also  give  the  following 

Fluid  Extract  Aconite i^  dncbm. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna i  ounzt 

Saltpeter ,  ounce*. 

Water  to  make j  ^j^j 

Do.v.-    i  ounces,  given  four  times  a  day. 

After  the  stupor  commences,  change  to  the  following! 
Fluid  Extract  of  Colchicuin  Seed..  ,  ^  ouuce. 

Fluiil  Extract  Digitalis _  j^  ounce! 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna „  K  ounce,' 

'^^<="*>o' Bounces. 

Saltpeter ,      •• 

Water  to  make j  pj^t 

Dose:  2  ounces,  four  times  a  day. 

1"  «iving,  be  careful  not  to  choke  the  animal;  if  v^ry 
stupid  give  one-half  the  dose  twice  as  often.  Apply  an  ice  pouUice 
to  the  top  of  the  head  during  the  entire  course  of  the  disease.  To 
make  the  poultice,  pound  up  some  ice  fine,  mix  with  a  little  bran, 
put  in  a  small  bag  and  fasten  on  top  of  the  head;  cover  with  a 
light  blanket  and  change  as  often  as  the  ice  melts.  Give  tne 
horse  all  the  water  he  wishes;  and  a  light,  laxative  diet,  if  he 
wishes  food.  Keep  in  a  roomy,  cool,  dark  stall.  If  he  gets 
down,  help  him  up  after  he  has  been  down  a  time.  Continue 
treatment  until  thoroughly  recovered.  Guard  against  over- 
heating  the  animal  after  an  attack  of  this  disease. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN,  SPINAL  CORD 
ANC  THEIR  COVERINGS -CEREBRO-SPINAL- 
MENINGITIS.  — This  may  occur  i^poradically,  but  usually  it 
occurs  as  an  epidemic  in  a  stable,  city  or  farming  district. 

CawOT.— The  cause  is  not  well  known,  but  it  is  supposed 
tnat  bad  sanitary  surroundings  and  musty  feed  may  act  as  a  cause; 
and  bacteria  may  at  times  play  a  part  in  causing  the  disease. 

Symptoms.— -They  vary  according  to  parts  most  affected . 
Tnere  will  be  trembling  noticed  in  different  parts  of  the  body: 
animal  seems  very  dull  and  does  not  feed.  As  the  disease  goes 
on,  there  will  be  a  peculiar  jerking  in  the  limbs,  and  theu  he  wiU 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


217 


stagger,  fall,  and  be  unable  to  rise;  the  pulse  will  be  quick  and 
weak;  the  bowels  usually  costive,  and  the  urine  a  dark  brown 
color.  At  first  he  lies  in  a  dull,  stupid  manner,  breathing  heavy, 
and  sweats  freely  if  it  is  very  warm.  After  a  time  the  dullness 
passes  off  and  the  horse  becomes  delirious.  Will  thra.sh  about, 
keep  the  limbs  going,  especially  the  front  ones,  and  pound  the 
head  in  endeavoring  to  get  up.  If  you  offer  him  water  to  drink, 
he  will  try,  but  cannot,  as  there  is  paralysis  of  the  gullet.  These 
symptoms  gradually  grow  worse  until  he  dies.  When  one  lior«e 
is  affected  with  this  disease,  there  are  apt  to  l)e  more,  for  the 
same  cause  which  gave  it  to  him  will  probably  produce  it  in  the 
others 

Trkatmbnt. — 

Give  a  cath.  tic  of  i  ounce  of  Aloes;  and  give  i  to  2  drachms 
of  Fluid  I<;xtract  of  Belladonna,  alternated  every  three  hours 
with  10  drops  Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite  Root.  Apply  strong  lini- 
ments or  a  Mustard  paste  to  spine,  neck,  and  throat.  When  the 
animal  is  unable  to  swallow,  give  one-half  the  dose  on  the  tongue 
every  hour.  If  animal  can  swallow  duritig  stage  of  excitement, 
give  J^  ounce  of  Bromide  of  Potash  every  three  or  four  hours. 
During  early  stage,  while  animal  is  still  able  to  swallow,  give  2 
ounces  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter,  three  times  a  day.  Apply  an  ice 
l)oultice  to  the  head  as  in  previous  disorder.  The  disease  is  very 
apt  to  terminate  fatally.  As  a  preventive  to  the  other  horses, 
determine  cause  and  remove  it. 

CONCUSSION  OF  THE  BRAIN.— 

Ca7isrs.—T\i\^  is  generally  caused  by  the  animal  falling  over 
backward  and  striking  the  back  of  his  head,  or  perhaps  falling 
forward  and  striking  on  his  nose;  by  throwing  the  head  up  and 
striking  against  a  beam,  or  by  a  blow  on  the  head  in  some  way. 

S}'ni/>fimis. —There  is  giddiness,  stupor,  insensibility,  or  loss 
of  power  succeeding  a  severe  blow  on  the  cranium.  Animal 
may  rally  soon,  or  not  for  hours,  but  when  slight,  soon  recovers. 
If  more  severe,  animal  tnay  be  in.sei.sible  and  lay  as  in  deep  sleep; 
the  pupils  insensible  to  light,  pulse  fluttering  or  feeble,  surface 
of  Ixxiy  cold,  muscles  relaxed,  and  breathing  scarcely  perceptible. 


'  P 


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2I8 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


f.i 


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After  a  variable  interval,  recovery  takes  place,  which  may  bf 
followed  by  paralysis  of  some  parts  of  the  body,  often  of  a  limb, 
the  lips,  ear,  etc.  Convalescence  is  usually  tedious,  and  fre- 
quently impairment  of  some  part  remains. 

Treatment. — 

Dash  cold  water  on  the  head  atid  body  to  arouse  heart  action. 
Allow  animal  to  inhale  .Aninionin  vnpor.  Give  frequent  injections, 
by  the  rectum,  of  weak  Anmionia  water.  Ginger  tea,  or  Oil  and 
Turpentine.  lu  most  ca.scs  these  means  will  restore  senses.  In 
more  severe  cases  apply  Mustard  plaster  along  the  spine.  When 
partly  conscious  give  Whiskey  in  3  or  4-ounce  doses.  Owing  to 
severity  of  injury,  or  possible  rupture  of  blood  vessels,  and 
effusion,  inflammation  of  the  brain  may  ensue,  and,  if  so,  must  be 
treated  accordingly.  For  this  reason  stimulants  must  tiot  be 
given  too  freely,  and  must  be  stopped  as  soon  as  reaction  is 
restored.  As  a  preventive  against  inflammation,  cold  applica- 
tions can  be  made  to  the  head  for  a  few  days;  a  physic  in  the 
form  of  3/  p<jund  of  Epsom  Salts  may  be  given,  and  also  a 
teaspoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day. 

VERTIGO- CONGESTION  OF  THE  BRAIN.— This 

is  an  accunuilation  of  1)1(xk1  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain.  It  may 
be  either  j>assive  or  active— active  when  there  is  an  undue  rush 
of  blo(xl  to  the  head,  or  passive  when  the  blood  accumulates  be- 
cause of  some  resistance  to  its  return  through  the  veins. 

Causes — Active  congestion  may  l)e  due  to  heart  trouble, 
excessive  exertion,  influence  of  extreme  heat,  .sudden  and  great 
excitement,  artificial  stinuilants,  etc.  Passive  may  be  cau.sed  by 
mechanical  obstruction  to  return  of  blood,  such  as  a  small  or  ill- 
fitting  collar,  tumors  or  abscesses  pressing  on  the  vein,  or  an 
organic  heart  trouble.  Extremely  fat  animals  are  most  subject 
to  this  disease.     Sometimes  induced  by  digestive  di,sorders. 

Symptoms. — The  animal  stops  suddenly,  throws  up  his  head, 
shivers  all  over,  staggers,  and  may  plunge,  run  a  ways  and  fail, 
or  may  fall  almost  innnediately.  The  eyes  are  staring,  brea'h 
hurried  and  snoring,  and  nostrils  dilated.  He  may  stand  with 
legs  braced  and  uot  fall,  and  after  a  few  minutes,  .shake  himself 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


219 


and  go  on  as  though  nothing  had  occurred.  Again,  he  may  be 
giddy  and  weak  for  several  days.  If  due  to  organic  changes  in 
the  heart,  or  disease  of  the  blood  vessels  of  the  brain,  then  the 
symptoms  may  be  of  slow  development,  and  show  drowsiness,  dim 
or  imperfect  sight,  difl5culty  of  movement,  loss  of  feeling  and 
consciousness,  stupor  and  death. 

Treatment.— 

If  animal  falls,  loosen  the  collar  if  it  is  the  cause,  and  then 
dash  cold  water  on  the  head.  The  congestion  will  be  relieved  in 
a  short  time  and  consciousness  will  return.  Endeavor  to  deter- 
mine cause  and  remove  it,  to  prevent  a  recurrence.  Some  animals 
are  subject  to  attacks,  which  cannot  be  prevented.  If  the  animal 
is  violent  during  the  attacks  he  should  be  destroyed,  as  he  is 
dangerous.  If  the  attacks  are  infrequent  and  animal  is  not 
violent,  he  may  be  used  with  safety,  but  should  be  watched  care- 
fully and  stopped  as  soon  as  attack  commences. 

APOPLEXY.— Apoplexy  is  often  confounded  with  cerebral 
congestion,  but  true  apoplexy  always  consists  in  rupture  of  blood 
vessels,  with  effusion  and  formation  of  blood  clot. 

Causes.  —Two  l-.inds  of  causes  are  involved  in  the  production 
of  apoplexy— the  predisposing,  and  the  excitnig.  Predisposing 
causes  are  those  that  cause  a  degeneration,  or  disease  that  weakens 
the  blood  vessels;  the  exciting  ones  are  any  that  tend  to  induc>e 
cerebral  congestion. 

Sjmfi/orns.— There  is  insensibility;  the  horse  staggers  and 
falls;  he  froths  at  the  mouth;  the  muscles  twitch;  the  breathing  is 
stertorous  and  difficult.  The  heart's  action  is  little  disturbed  at 
first,  but  becomes  slower,  then  quicker  and  feebler,  and  after  a 
little  ceases.  The  extent  of  paralysis  depends  upon  location 
within  the  brain,  which  is  functionally  deranged  by  the  pressure 
of  blood  clot. 

Treatment.— 

Place  the  animal  in  a  quiet,  cool  place,  and  avoid  all  stimu- 
lating food.  Give,  in  his  drinking  water,  or  ia  the  feed,  i 
drachm  of  Iodide  of   Potash  twice  daily  for  a  week.     Cold 


i     I 


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Mi  a 


lll'l? 


220 


THE  PRACTICAL,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


applications  to  the  head,  as  in  "Inflammation  of  the  Brain,"  may 
be  of  value.  Generally  terminates  fatally,  or  renders  animal 
useless 

PARALYSIS — PALSY.  -Paralysis  is  a  weakness  or  ces- 
sation of  the  power  of  motion  and  of  feeling.  There  are  two 
kinds— that  in  which  both  motion  and  feeHng  are  affected,  and 
the  other  in  which  only  one  or  the  other  is  lost  or  diminished. 
Paralysis  may  be  jjentral  or  partial. 

Cai/scs.— They  are  varied.  Acute  affections  of  the  brain  and 
spinal  cord  may  lead  to  paral'  sis.  Injuries,  tumors,  and  disease 
of  the  blood  vessels  of  the  :)rain,  all  have  a  tendency  in  that 
direction.  Pressure  u[>on,  or  the  cutting  in  two  of  a  nerve,  causes 
a  paralysis  of  the  parts  to  which  such  a  nerve  is  distributed. 
Apoplexy  may  be  termed  a  general  paralysis,  and  in  non-fatal 
attacks  is  a  frequent  cause  of  the  various  forms  of  pal.sy. 

Symptoms. — If  the  j)aralysis  is  on  one  side  only,  the  animal 
oanncjt  walk  straight,  but  goes  rotuul  in  a  circle,  and  has  not 
the  proiXT  use  of  that  side.  If  in  the  hind  quatters.  the  horse 
can  raise  himself  forward,  but  is  powerless  in  the  hind  parts. 
Prick  him  with  a  pin  auywhere  back  of  the  injury  and  there  is 
no  sensation.  If  in  the  face  and  neck,  the  part  will  be  twisted 
off  toward  the  well  side,  and  the  diseased  part  will  have  no  feel- 
ing. If  general,  and  he  cannot  move  at  all,  he  soon  dies 
Trkatment. — 

If  horse  can  stand  at  all,  put  him  in  slings.  Clip  the 
hair  close  and  apply  a  Spanish  fly  blister.  See  "To  Blister,' 
under  "Ringbone."  Apply  the  blister  from  the  seat  of  the  injury 
back  to  the  croup.  If  it  is  paralysis  of  the  face  and  neck,  apply 
the  blister  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  over  the  pcjll.  The  applica- 
tion of  Mustard  pastes  or  strong  liniments  to  tlie  affected  parts 
are  recommended  in  place  of  the  blister  Give  internally,  ij^ 
diachms  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Nux  Vomica,  three  times  a  day.  If 
there   is  twitching  of  the  muscles,  reduce  the  dose. 

SUNSTROKE;  HEAT  EXHAUSTION.-Thls  term 
is  applied  to  affections  occasioned  not  exclusively  by  exposure  to 
the  sun's  rays,  as  the  word  signifies,  but  by  the  aetioa  of  great 


DISKASIvS  OF  THU  IIORSK 


aat 


heat  combined  generally  with  other  causes,  such  as  sultriness  of 
the  atmosphere  and  an  unusual  accuraulati(jn  of  electricity. 

Cansts. — Kxix)sure  to  direct  rays  of  the  sun;  exhaustion  pro- 
duced by  long-contiinied  heat  and  over-work;  lack  of  proper  care 
in  watering,  in  ad(nvin)'  rest  in  shady  places,  and  in  proiier  feed, 
also  contribute  to  the  disease. 

5j'>«/>''''wt— Sunstroke  manifests  itself  suddenly.  Animal 
stops,  drops  his  head,  Ix^gins  to  stagger,  and  soon  falls  uncon- 
scious. The  breathing  is  stertorous  or  snoring,  pulse  slow  and 
irregular,  cold  sweats  break  out  in  patches  on  surface  of  Ixjdy, 
and  horse  often  dies  without  reco%'ering  his  senses  again. 

In  heat  exhaustion,  animal  may  become  dull,  and  requires 
urging  sometime  before  any  marked  symptoms;  generally  perspi- 
ration is  checked,  and  then  he  becomes  weak  in  gait,  breath 
hurried  or  panting,  eyes  watery  and  bloodshot,  nostrils  dilated 
and  highly  reddened,  assuming  a  dark  purple  color,  pulse  rapid 
and  weak,  the  heart  bounding,  foUowetl  by  unconsciousness  and 
death.     If  recovery  takes  place,  convalescence  is  slow. 

Treatment.— 

Shade  the  horse  and  roll  him  upon  his  chest  and  keep  him 
there.  Apply  ice  or  very  cold  water  to  the  head  and  along  the 
spine,  and  give  him  a  gtx)d  stimulant — 2  ounces  of  Alcohol  or  4 
ounces  of  Whiskey  in  a  i4  pint  of  water.  Be  cautious  al^out 
choking;  injection,  by  the  rectum,  of  moderately  strong  Ginger 
tea,  or  weak  Ammonia  water,  may  be  of  benefit.  Brisk  friction 
of  the  limbs,  and  the  application  of  Spirits  of  Camphor  is  good. 
Repeat  the  stimulants  in  one-half  hour,  and  after  that  every  hour 
or  two,  if  pulse  has  not  grown  stronger  and  slower.  Sponge  the 
body  with  cold  water  and  then  give  brisk  rubbing. 

For  heat  exhaustion  give  same  treatment.  In  either  case 
loosen  all  tight  straps.  Convalescence  will  take  place  slowly  and 
the  animal  will  need  to  be  kept  where  it  is  cool  for  a  number  of 
days.  If  fat,  give  a  J^-pound  dose  of  Epsom  Salts;  also  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  Saltpetre  three  times  a  day.  If  run  down,  give  tonics, 
as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion."  Give  thue  for  thorough  recovery 
before  putting  to  work  again. 


11 

El 


i 


223 


run   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


lu  hot  weather,  wet  sixinges  or  h^ht  sun-shades  on  the  head 
of  the  horse  when  at  work.  ,\  a  preventive.  An  animal  that  has 
suffered  an  attack  is  more  hable  to  subsequent  ones,  when  ex- 
posed to  the  necessary,  exciting  causes. 

EPILEPSY-FALLING  FITS.- 

Causes.-  Seldom  chie  to  any  cl-.anges  in  the  brain,  although 
It  may  cme  fr(mi  softening  of  that  organ;  violent  derangement  ol 
the  nervous  system;  constipation;  worms;  plethora;  or  it  may 
arise  from  m juries  alxjut  the  head. 

Sy?»p/ows.— There  are  no  premon.  ..ry  symptoms.  The 
animal  suddenly  staggers,  the  muscles  Ix^come  cramped,  jaws 
spasmodically  opened  and  closed;  the  tongue  is  lacerated  by  the 
teeth;  he  foams  at  the  mouth  and  falls  in  a  spasm.  The  urine 
passes  away  involuntarily,  and  breathing  may  l)e  arrested.  The 
paroxjsm  soon  passers  off.  and  horse  gets  on  his  feet  in  a  few 
nunutes  after  the  return  of  cousciousuess.  Not  a  common  dis- 
ease  with  the  horse. 

TkK.\T.\[I£.\T. 

Dash  cold  water  on  the  head  during  the  paroxysm.  After 
reanery.  endeavor  to  find  tlie  oau-c  and  reiiiuve  it ;  if  from  dige>- 
tive  disorders  treat  accordingly.  In  most  cases  a  g(Mid  purgative 
will  iiDi  he  out  of  place — i  ounce  of  Aloes.  If  due  to  ikiaous 
derangement,  give  i  drachm  I'luid  Extract  of  Xux  X'oiiiica  and 
'  J  ounce  I'ouler's  .S)luti()n  of  Arsenic  two  or  three  limes  a  day. 
i'ced  on  an  easily-digested,  laxati\e  diet. 

ELECTRIC  SHOCK. — This  may  occur  from  a  stroke  of 
ligliiiiing.  or  from  coming  in  contact  wilii  electric  wires  tliat  have 
been  I)rokcn.  Electric  railways  and  .street  ligiiting  plants  are 
now  M)  common  that  it  is  not  an  uncommun  occurrence  for  horses 
to  be  shocked. 

Symptoms. — In  shocks  which  are  not  immediately  fatal  the 
animal  is  usually  insensible,  the  respiration  slow,  feeble,  and 
irregular,  and  jnipils  of  the  eyes  dilated  and  not  sensitive.  Tiie 
tcmj-erature  is  lowered,    llierc  niay  be  a  iciukncy  to  cun\u!sions 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


223 


or  spasms.  Thj  predominatiiiR  symptoms  are  the  extreme 
depression  of  the  action  of  the  heart,  and  of  the  respiratory 
organs. 

TKEATMENf — 

Sulphate  of  Atropia  J<  grain,  or  Strychnine  i  gram,  in  a 
very  little  water,  sliuuld  In;  given  on  the  tongue,  and  repeated  in 
an  hour,  and  after  that  repeat  once  in  two  hours  until  the  heart- 
heats  are  invigorated,  the  lunnber  and  fullness  of  the  respirations 
are  increased,  and  consciousness  returns.  Stimulative  injec- 
tions, by  the  rectum,  may  l)e  useful  in  arousing  the  circulation, 
for  this  purpose  Whiskey  in  doses  of  Vz  pint  in  a  pint  of  water, 
or  Ammonia  water  in  doses  of  2  or  3  ounces  in  a  pint  of  water, 
may  be  used.  Inhalations  of  Ammonia  fumes  arc  also  of  value. 
Rub  the  legs. 

COMA— SLEEPY    S TAGGERS -CHRONIC 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN.— Omia  is  not  a  disease, 
but  merely  a  symi)tom  cf  a  variety  of  affections  of  the  brain.  We 
sometimes  have  a  i\\^  of  coma  in  horses  that  cannot  be  attributed 
to  any  special  disea.se  of  the  brain,  unless  it  be  a  chronic  inflam- 
mation of  the  organ.  This  condition  is  commonly  called  "Sleepy 
Staggers,"  or  the  animal  is  called  a  "dummy." 

Synip  »is. — "  Sleepy  Staggers  "  is  characterized  by  drowsi- 
ness, partial  insensibility,  sluggish  and  often  staggering  gait. 
Horse  may  drop  his  head  in  the  manger  and  go  to  slee^  with  a 
clump  of  hay  in  his  mouth,  which  is  dropped  when  he  wakens. 
Will  stand  for  a  long  time  with  his  legs  in  awkward  ix)sitions. 
The  Ixiwels  are  more  or  less  costive;  the  pulse  is  slow  and  soft; 
with  no  fever  or  pain.  Animal  may  remain  in  this  way  for 
months  without  much  change,  or  he  may  become  gradually  worse, 
until  it  is  almost  impossible  to  arouse  .him.  Chronic  cases  are 
better  in  winter  than  iu  summer 

Trkatment.— 

There  Is  no  treatment  for  long-standing  cases.  The  'lors*- 
may  as  well  be  killed.     In  more  recent  cases  give  laxative  foo^ib. 


f 


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TIIK  I'KACTICAL  STOCK  lK)CTOR 


also  I  <ir;Khiii   Fhiic!  I^xtract  of  Niix  Vomica,  ihrcc  times  a  day 
111  uihlition  ^'ive  the  fi)lluwing: 

Iixliilo  iif  I'lit.isb I  '4   .iiiiuos. 

WfttlT I    j.iill. 

/•'■'/-•  I  I'liim  ,  iihiillili;;  nil. I  iii);lil.  i.ivi 
'  r  .1  wixk,  ilihcuiiliiiuc  a  wttk  uiiil  llii  n  give 
•  iK.iin. 


hcail. 


vSttcjiiK'  siiimilatiiiK  liniraculs  maybe  applied  to  the  topof  tlie 


\ih 


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1; 


"I; 


CHOREA.— This  disexse  is  marked  hy  involuntary  cx)iitrac- 
ticms  of  the  voliiutary  n-.nscles,  esnecially  of  the  hind  limbs. 
Nervous  horses  are  more  subject  to  lUe  trouble  than  siuKgish 
ones. 

C'tiiisrs.— Are  not  well  known,  but  may  be-  due  to  pressure 
upon  a  nerve;  to  some  injury  of  the  .spinal  cord,  or  to  some  change 
in  the  brain,  or  spinal  cord. 

Synif>i(ms.—T\\e  animal  will  seem  to  be  all  right  after  once 
started,  but  when  first  spoken  to,  the  muscles  of  the  hind  limbs 
will  tremble,  there  will  U-  a  jerking  up  of  the  limb,  and  then  the 
animal  will  start  atid  go  off  all  right.  Shows  more  in  backing 
than  in  going  ahead,  also  shows  in  stepping  over  in  the  stall,  or 
ill  making  a  sudden  turn  when  in  motion.  Resembles  "vString- 
Halt,  '  except  that  the  jerky  actiou  is  not  continuous. 

Tkj:.\tmi;nt. — 

Treatment  is  not  satisf.actory.  One  drachm  of  Huid  i{.\  tract 
of  Nux  Vomic.i  and  '..  ounce  of  l-owler's  Solution  of  Arsenic 
two  or  three  times  a  day  may  be  tried  for  a  time.  Iodide  of 
Potash,  as  in  the  previous  disease,  may  also  be  tried.  Table- 
siwonfnl  doses,  twice  a  day,  of  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of 
Saltpeter  and  Sulphate  of  Iron  may  help.  Unless  the  treatment 
benefits,  tlie  animal  is  apt  to  grow  slowly  worse. 

STRING-HALT.— This  is  an  afTection  of  the  hind  leg, 
and  it  is  known  from  the  peculiar  way  in  which  the  hind  leg  or 
legs  are  raised  from  the  ground — a  quick,  spasmodic  jerk 


nisi  ASICS  OF  THK  IIORSK 


225 


Causes.-  ThtK'  i^  not  an  cntiri'  .iKrifMient  anions  vitcrinar- 
iaiis  as  to  tht.' natiin  of  lliis  adcclion,  hut  it  is  (juite  generally 
hclitvcd  to  l)c  a  putily  mrvmis  one.  It  is  more  often  seen  in 
hiulily  ncf.  'U-^  animals,  and  may  be  broUKht  on  by  the  applica- 
tion of  severe  hli'-ters  to  the  le^s;  or  1  /  clippiiiv;  Iheta  and  leav- 
ing; thi'  horse  out  in  the  lold.  Castration  has  heen  noted  as  a 
cause,  either  from  the  irritation  of  the  rojx'  on  the  fetlock,  or 
from  till  oix.ration.      May  develop  without  assignable  cause. 

Syinf'lonn.  Thr  li  ■.;  is  jcrkid  toward  the  ImmIv  at  every  step, 
somi  tunes  so  stro!i>;Iy  .1^  to  strike  the  lx.-lly  with  the  fetlock.  It 
may  l)e  in  one  or  in  both  le;;s.  Sometimes  it  is  so  bad  that  the 
horse  will  stand  and  jerk  U]>  one  foot  and  then  the  other,  with  no 
torwanl  motion;  but  once  started  he  will  go  along  without  hesi- 
tation. It  is  fatiguing  and  wearing,  and  hor.se  seldotn  accumu- 
lates much  llesh.  Some  horses  show  the  trouble  only  in  cold 
weather,  ami  then  only  for  a  time  after  first  starting. 

Trk.\tmknt.— 

If  taken  at  the  very  outset,  treatment  may  l)e  of  benefit,  but 
when  well  seatetl,  no  medicinal  treatment  has  been  found  that 
affects  a  cure.  Give  the  same  treatment  as  is  given  in  "Chorea." 
An  extended  run  in  the  pasture  is  recommended  for  this  affec- 
tion. Sometimes  the  cutting  of  a  tendon  just  l)elow  the  h(x:k 
will  overcome  the  troulile;  in  other  cases  it  will  fail  to  have  any 
R'tiefit,  or  it  may  partially  relieve.  A  veterinarian  would  Ijc 
required  for  the  ojKration 

LOCO  DISEASE.  Loco  is  a  disease  attacking  horses  and 
other  animals  in  the  great  plains  of  the  wt^t.  and  is  caused  by 
the  eating  of  two  weeds  called  "loco  weeds,"  the  l)otanical  names 
of  which  are  Astragalus  Mollissimus  and  Oxylropis  Lambertii, 
both  belonging  to  the  family  of  plants  bearing  pods.  These 
plants  attain  a  height  of  six  to  twelve  inches;  the  leaves  are 
compound,  and  leaves  and  stems  covered  with  very  fine,  minute 
hairs,  which  give  the  plant  a  gray  or  silvery  look.  The  Astrag- 
alus is  found  mostly  in  the  southern  part  of  the  plains,  and  the 
Oxytropis  predominates  in  the  northern  section.  The  word 
"Locu  '  is  from  the  Spanish,  meaning  "crazy." 

IS 


226 


THIv  I'RACTICAL  STOCK:  DOCTOR 


Mr 


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L<x:o  wieils  roniaiii  somewhat  green  throughout  the  winter, 
and  on  account  of  tlieir  green  appearance,  when  other  food  is 
scarce,  animals  usually  begin  to  eat  them  in  winter  and  spring, 
and  tliough  they  do  not  seem  palatable  at  first,  yet  after  a  time 
they  ac(]uire  ^uch  a  taste  for  lliem  that  they  will  leave  other  food 
to  go  in  search  for  them.  They  will  often  stay  by  themselves 
where  the  weed  is  abundant,  and  may  go  days  without  water. 
They  crop  close  to  the  ground,  often  getting  a  jwrtion  of  the 
root. 

Symptoms. — Animal  falls  away  rapidlj-  in  flesh,  after  getting 
a  taste  for  the  weed,  and  as  the  difficulty  advances,  l>ecomes  so 
emaciated  that  in  the  last  stages  is  unable  to  stand  or  move 
about,  and  unless  otherwise  destroyed,  dies  of  starvation.  In 
the  early  stages  there  is  general  sluggishness,  difficult  locomotion, 
stiff  and  stilted  action  of  legs,  with  trembling  <jf  the  voluntary 
nni;.des.  If  the  animal  lies  down,  and  then  tries  to  rise,  several 
efforts  are  needed  in  order  to  succeed,  and  it  may  even  turn  a 
somersaidt  in  getting  on  its  feet.  Head  trembles  violently,  and 
the  l)east  may  hold  its  mouth  open  for  a  time.  I'sually  there  is 
a  jieculiar,  vacant  look  in  the  eyes.  Will  sometimes  start  at 
familiar  objects,  showing  signs  of  fear,  until  nature  of  objects 
Seems  to  dawn  on  the  brain.  Sometimes,  tliough  suffering  for 
water,  seems  afraid  to  approach  for  fear  of  falling  in.  A  straw, 
stick,  or  shadow  across  the  path  of  a  locoed  horse,  niaj-  cau.se 
him  to  shy,  or  jump  high,  in  order  to  clear  an  imaginary  obstacle. 
If  allowed  to  stare  at  obstacle,  it  comprehends  and  will  usually 
pass  it  freely.  Locoed  horses  are  subject  to  fits,  or  "crazy 
spells."  These  are  apt  to  occur  when  at  work  on  hot  days. 
Becomes  delirious,  mry  rear  antl  plunge,  often  falling  to  the 
ground  tniconscious,  the  eyes  rolling  in  their  sockets,  so  as  to 
show  the  whites.  I'its  do  tiot  usually  last  long.  It  is  generally 
believed  that  though  a  horse  is  broken  of  the  loco  weed  habit  he 
is  not  of  much  value,  as  the  fits  are  likely  to  slay  with  him. 

Locoed  cattle  do  not  shed  their  hair  good  in  the  spring,  and 
can  be  told  by  the  patches  of  old  hair  that  still  cling  in  mid-sum- 
sner.  As  disease  progresses  the  animal  runs  dowii  aiid  dropsical 
swellings  apjiear  on  the  head  and  legs,  aud  other  dejxsndent parts. 


DIvSKAvSKS  OF  THR  HORSE 


237 


Trkatmknt.  — 

It  was  thought  for  a  long  time  that  loco  was  caused  by 
poisonous  projH-'rlies  in  the  plants,  but  chemical  analysis  has 
failed  to  find  any  such,  and  general  symptoms  indicate  that  ani- 
mals suffer  and  die  from  starvation.  The  plant  does  not  seem  to 
contain  eiiougli  nourishment  to  sustain  life.  Animals  that  show 
a  tendency  to  cat  loco  plants,  should  Ix;  shut  away  from  all  such, 
and  be  f»d  on  nutritious  and  easily  digested  food.  A  good  tonic 
powder  in  addition  may  l)e  given  them — the  mixtures  recom- 
mended for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

Cattle  and  sheep  should  be  fattened  for  the  market, 


HYDROPHOBIA— RABIES -This  is  a  specific  disease 
caused  by  an  organism;  most  frequently  seen  in  dogs,  but  may 
be  communicated  to  all  animals,  including  man.  The  virus  is  in 
the  saliva,  and  the  bite  is  the  most  common  mode  of  transmitting 
the  disease,  although  the  "  va  getting  into  any  wound  will  pro- 
duce it.  The  period  of  i.icubation  varies  in  different  animals. 
In  the  case  of  the  horse  it  is  from  fiftcc "  to  ninety  days. 

SympioDis. — The  first  manifestations  may  be  increased  excit- 
ability and  viciousness;  will  strike,  bite,  or  kick,  at  any  object 
near  him;  often  bites  his  own  limbs  and  sides.  Kyes  are  staring 
and  bloodshot,  ears  alert  to  catch  sounds,  and  head  erect. 
Sonietimos  horse  will  bite  himself  in  location  where  bitten,  and 
this  may  be  first  symptom.  The  furious  symptoms  appear  in 
paroxysms;  at  other  tinus  he  may  eat  and  drink,  although  swal- 
lowing may  become  painful  toward  the  latter  stages  of  disease, 
and  may  cause  renewed  paro.xysms.  Finally  hind  limbs  become 
paralyzed,  breathing  difficult,  and  convulsions  follow;  then 
death. 


TkkatmBNT. — 

There  is  none  that  is  of  any  avail.  If  suspected,  shut  the 
horse  up,  so  he  can  do  no  harm,  and  when  sure  of  the  trouble, 
kill  him. 

When  a  horse  is  known  to  have  been  bitten  by  a  mad  animal, 
cut  away  around  the  wound  with  a  sharp  knife,  and  cauterize 


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228 


Tine  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


the  woiitul  with  Caustic  Potash  or  Lunar  Caustic;  or,  in  the 
absence  of  these,  use  a  red  hot  iron.  Whatever  is  done  must  he 
done  at  once  to  be  of  use. 

The  same  preventive  treatment  as  is  used  for  man  would 
probal)ly  be  effectual.  The  expense,  however,  would  perhaps 
render  it  impracticable  in  most  cases. 

LOCK-JAW,  OR  TETANUS -This   disease  is  charac- 

tiri/til  by  spi'.MMS  rifTectiiij;  the  inuscks  of  the  face,  neck,  body, 

Till    linil)s,  and  of  all  the  muscles  supplied  by  the  cerebro-.spinal 

nerves.      It  is  divided  into  two  kinds — traumatic,  when  cause  is 

evident;   idiopalliie,  '.vlu/n  not. 

C(Ji/si's. — The  disea.se  is  caused  by  a  spec;fic  germ.  The 
orfjanism  is  found  in  certain  soils,  and  j;ains  entrance  into  the 
lK)dy,  as  a  general  thinj;,  throu^^h  a  wound.  Sometimes  disease 
dc"elops  without  a  detectable  wound;  it  is  then  siipjxjsed  to  enter 
through  the  digestive  tract.  Small  punctured  wounds,  as  nail 
pricks,  are  most  favorable,  and  esix^cially  if  about  the  feet.  The 
germs  will  not  iiroduce  disease  except  in  absence  of  air. 

S\'////y/ows.  —  Thc  first  symptoms  noticed  will  be  difficulty  in 
cliewing  and  swallowing,  and  the  protrusion  of  the  !iaw  over  the 
eyeball;  the  no.se  is  protruded:  the  neck  straightened;  the  tail 
elevated  and  Iremlding;  the  legs  straddle  and  are  as  stiff  as  the 
legs  of  a  saw-horse;  the  hocks  turn  out  and  toes  of  hind  feet  tend 
to  turn  in;  the  l)elly  is  tucked  up;  nostrils  dilated;  ears  erect  and 
stiff;  breathing  is  hurried;  mnscles  hard;  horse  may  sweat  pro- 
fusely; the  jaws  are  set  and  locked  as  disease  advances.  If  head 
is  raised,  the  haw  is  drawn  completely  over  the  eye;  the  tail  is 
more  elevated;  he  trembles  all  over,  and  if  head  is  pushed  a  little 
farther  up,  he  is  likely  to  fall.  Kxcilemant  of  any  kind  makes 
all  the  .symptoms  worse.  He  never  lies  down;  cannot  eat;  drinks 
with  great  difficulty,  and  is  in  intense  agony  all  the  time.  Death 
usually  follows  in  from  three  to  ten  days.  If  he  lives  two  weeks, 
may  gradually  recover. 

Trk.vtment. — 

Treatment  is  of  little  avail,  the  majority  of  the  cases  termi- 
nating fatally.     Place  the  animal  away  by  himself,  where  it  will 


>>r±      Mw'^'L  ".vi. '  ■    •••■■•3 


J^.  ■;•  1 '  ^A--  'M  ¥■  ^  ^^^  :='iA "  r?i'*';«  i^ 


\ .:; 


Wt 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE ^ 

be  quiet,  in  a  darkened  stall.     Do  not  let  any  one  except  one 

person   go  near  him,  and  that  one  only  three  times  a  day.     Keep 

thin  gruel  before  him  conlinually;  he  cannot  eat,  but  he  may  sip 

a  little  of  the  gruel.     If  he  will  sip  it,  also  give  a  little  m.lk  with 

eggs  in  if  give  these  fresh  three  times  a  day;  also  keep  a  pail  of 

fresh  water  before  him.     In  some  cases  the  horse  will  be  able  to 

eat  a  little  for  some  time  after   the  disease  appears;   if   so,   give 

bran  mash,  scalded  oats,  and  grass,  if  in  season.    The  drugs  used 

are  those  that  <iuiet.     One  grain  Atropine  and  G  to  lo  grains  of 

Morphine,  dissolved  in  a  very  little  water,  can  be  injected  onto 

the  tongue  by  placing  a  small  syringe  in  between  the  front  ar.d 

back    teeth.     Rcix-at   three    limes   a   day.      Never   try   to   give 

medicine  from  a  bottle,  or  in  any  large  amount.     Or.  in  place  rt 

the  foregoing: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna 2  drachms, 

Bromide  of  Potash »  o"»ce, 

Water '/^  ?*"'• 

May  be  injected  into  the  rectum  three  times 

daily. 

It  may  be  well  to  alternate,  using  part  of  the  time  the 
Atropine  and  Morphine,  and  part  of  the  time  the  Belladonna  and 
Potash.  Cannabis  Indica,  another  quieting  drug,  can  be  used  in 
2-drachm  d^.scs,  alcmg  with  the  Belladonna  and  Potash. 

If  the  animal  has  a  wound,  open  it  freely,  so  as  to  admit  the 
air  to  the  very  bottom,  and  flush  out  freely  with  a  strong  solution 

°^-  Carbolic  Acid >^4  ounces. 

Water   '  l^^*^- 

Inasmuch  as  punctured  wounds,  such  as  nail  pricks,  are  fre- 
quently followed  by  this  disease,  they  should  always  be  kept  well 
opened  to  the  air  while  healing 

If  taken  at  the  very  start  of  the  disease,  large  hypodermic 
iniections  of  Antitoxic  Serum  may  be  of  value.  This  is  the 
serum,  or  watery  portion  of  the  blood,  of  an  animal  that  has 
been  rendered  immune  to  the  disease.  This  treatment  would 
require  a  veterinarian. 

Sometimes  the  animal  can  be  put  in  a  sling  to  advantage;  at 
other  times  it  excites  and  makes  them  worse. 


Wrm^M^■■ 


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230 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


DISEASES  OF  THE  LYMPHATIC  SYSTEM 


WEED  IN  THE  LEG-LYMPHANGITIS- WATER 

FARCY.- This  is  an  inflaiumation  of  the  lymphatic  structures 
usually  afToctiug  the  hind  legs,  very  sel.lom  the  fore  legs.  It  is 
sometimes  called  "Monday  morning  sickness." 

Causes.— UoTs&r,  of  sluggish  nature  are  predisposed  to  this 
affection.  It  usually  attacks  Mell-fed,  lightly-exercised  animals, 
and  m  such  cases  is  due  to  the  excess  of  nutritive  elements  in  the 
blood.  Sudden  changes  in  the  work  or  in  the  habits  of  the 
animal  may  bring  it  oti.  Horses  that  are  well  fed  and  worked 
hard,  have  it  from  standing  in  the  barn  over  Simday.  Draft 
horses  are  more  subject  to  it  than  road  horses,  and  those  with 
round,  thick  legs  are  predisjxDsed  to  it. 

Sjw/y/ows.—lt  is  usually  ushered  in  by  a  chill,  rise  in  tem- 
perature, and  some  uneasiness.  In  a  short  time  this  is  followed 
by  lamene-ss  in  one  leg  and  swelling  ou  the  inside  of  the  thigh. 
Gradually  this  surrounds  the  limb  and  goes  down  to  the  feet. 
The  leg  is  very  tender  to  touch,  especially  on  the  inside,  the  horse 
throwing  it  away  from  the  botly.  The  horse  sweats;  breathing  is 
(jnickened  ;  pulse  hard,  and  quick,  and  temperature  goes  up  to 
104  to  106  F.  Bowels  liecouie  co.stive,  urine  .scanty;  symptoms 
usually  increase  for  two  days,  then  rennin  stationary  for  some 
time,  then  fever  abates,  the  swelling  recedes  and  becomes  less 
painful.  When  once  attacked  with  this  disease,  the  animal  is 
more  apt  to  have  it  again,  and  the  result  of  successive  attacks  is 
"Big  Leg"  or  lUephantiasis.  Quite  often  some  of  the  lymphatic 
glands  will  suppurate  and  an  abscess  will  form;  this  may  take 
place  anywhere  from  the  Ixxly  to  the  foot. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

Both  local  and  internal.  I.^ally,  apply  hot  fomentations; 
wrap  the  leg  from  tl:e  f(X)t  to  the  body  in  a  large  woolen  blanket.' 
put  a  back-b.md  and  crup{x;r  on  the  horse  and  fasten  blanket  up  to 
this.  Keep  the  blanket  as  hot  as  the  animal  will  stand,  by  pour- 
iug  onto  it.  every  fifteen  to  thirty  minutes,  hot  water.    Apply  the 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE »y_ 

fomentations  for  two  or  three  hours  at  least  twice  a  day;  in  bad 
cases  keep  it  up  a.ntiuuously  durit.g  the  day.  Each  time  when 
r  fomen'Jing  is  discontinued,  rub  dry  and  apply  the  foUowtng 

■     -"^"^'^       wHchlI..cl -'"-- 

Soap  Liniment 3       ^^ 

L='"''''";?"' ■.".■.■.;  .ounce. 

Tiupentini.- _ 

Shake.     Apply  with  W-eral  fnction  at  least 
twice  a  day. 
If  abscesses  fonn,  and  not  near  a  joint,  open  whe.i  they  point 
and  treat  as  "Abscesses;"  if  near  a  joint,  i^oultice  and  let  them 

""■"tternally.  give  a  purgative- 1  ounce  of  Aloes  or  yi  pound 
of  Epsom  Salts-feeding  sparingly  on  laxattve  food,  bran  mash, 
handful  of  Unseed  meal,  little  hay.     Also  give  the  following; 

Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite ^'A  drachms. 

Vluid  Kxtr.act  of  Belladonna 2  ounces. 

.quid  Extract  of  Colchicuni  bead....  i  ounce. 

„  ,.     .  ..       .jounces. 

■    fealtpeler j 

Water  to  make .  4U." 

Shake.     Dos,-:  2  ounces,  four  times  a  d.ay. 

If  temperature  runs  high  and  stays  there,  give: 

.     ,     .,•  1  I  drachm, 

A«l-^"ll>'l I  ounce, 

^^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::-"--- -^pnt. 

Once  or  twice  a  day.  as  occasion  requires. 
As  the  disease  has  a  great  leudeuey  to  leave  the  leg  enlarged, 
treatment  should  be  begun  early  and  continued  vigorotisly. 

After  having  had  one  attack,  the  animal  shottld  receive  special 
care  to  prevent  a  return.  Feed  rather  light  of  a  gram  ration  of 
bran,  oats,  and  Linseed  meal,  (no  corn),  a  few  roots  or  potatoes 
rZ  ;t  grass  when  in  se..son.  About  every  third  or  fourth  week 
give  a  tea..poonful  of  Salti^-ter  two  or  three  tunes  a  day  for  a 
week.  One-half  pound  doses  of  I<:psom  Salts  once  in  two  or  three 
weeks  are  also  good. 

BIG  LEG  -  ELEPHANTIASIS.  -This  is  a  thickened 
couditiou  of  the  leg  from  rej^ated  .aia.ks  of  b-n^hau^His.  or 
weed  in  Uie  leg.  When  the  disease  becomes  seale<l,  a  complete 
cure  is  not  possible. 


/•^  -i- 


IW 


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232 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


m 


H: 


Sympioms.-ThQ  leg  is  enlarged,  someMmes  all  the  way  to 
the  body,  again  only  as  far  as  the  hot-k;  the  enlargement  is  some- 
times slight,  then  again,  the  leg  will  be  two  or  three  times  its 
normal  si/e.  There  is  uo  lameness,  but  horse  may  carry  lee  a 
little  stiff.  ^         >      B 

Treatment. — 

If  the  condition  has  existed  for  any  great  length  of  time, 
treatment  will  do  no  good;  if  recent,  feed  on  laxative  diet,  grass, 
if  in  season,  if  not.  clover  hay,  bran,  oats,  Linseed  meal.  Give 
about  4  drachms  of  Aloes  or  »^  pound  of  Epsom  Salts  every  third 
day,  unless  bowels  become  too  loose;  if  so,  not  as  often.  Also  give 
a  teaspoouful  of  Saltpeter  two  or  three  times  a  day,  skipping  every 
other  week.  Exercise  twice  daily  to  remove  all  the  swelling  pos- 
sible, and  when  he  comes  in  give  liberal  hand-rubbing,  apply  lini- 
ment as  in  "Lymphangitis,"  and  then  apply  cold  fomentations; 
wrap  the  leg  with  a  blanket  and  keep  it  wet  with  cold  water. 

SWELLING  OF   THE    LIMBS- STOCKING.-The 

above  are  titles  applied  to  a  swelling  of  the  leg,  usually  confined 
to  the  parts  below  the  knees  and  hocks,  although  in  bad  cases  it 
extends  above  these  joints. 

Causes.— li  is  caused  by  sluggishness  of  the  lymphatic  glands 
and  kidneys  in  performing  their  offices.  Standing  still  is  a  com- 
mon cause;  so  much  so  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of  it  just  from 
standing  from  niglit  until  morning.  It  is  most  common  in  badly 
drained  and  illy-ventilated  stables:  and  in  young  horses  more 
than  in  old  ones.  A  horse  which  has  stood  in  the  stables  during 
the  winter  months,  and  then  is  put  to  hard  work  at  once,  is  apt 
to  show  it.  After  resting  at  night,  his  legs  will  be  swollen 
the  next  morning.  It  is  also  often  a  symptom  of  some  disease. 

^vw/Z^TWi.- Swelling  of  the  legs  without  any  other  sign  of 
disease;  the  swelling  disapiKMring  with  exercise,  but  returning 
when  standing  any  length  of  time. 

Treatment.— 

The  same  as  for  "Elephantiasis." 


^.'^I^aE 


I  i 


,-*'■ 


p 


^i 


m 


^■k  'W'^-ii^..  -kf^i^-:>^^^^vM^^im W:MM..^} 


.-*f-iAl.fkif 


_Drsi' ASES  OF  THK  HORSE 


a33 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HEART.  ARTERIES 
AND  BLOOD-VESSELS 


ENoSckROms'T  ""^  """^  ENDOCARDIUM^ 
tNDOCARDITIS.-Th.s  ,s  an  inflammation  of  the  serous 
mc^>brane,  hn.ng  tl..  heart.  I,  is  nut  a  common  disease,  and  is 
one  tha  s  hard  for  the  naxperienced  to  recognize.  The  disease 
may  not  l«  fatal  u.  its  early  stages,  but  from  incomplete  recovery 
there  >s  a  iKrmanent  thickening  of  the  valves,  which  is  the  begin- 
ning of  valvular  disease. 

Causes.~U  is  met  with  in  general  rheumatism,  involving  the 
serous  membrane,  in  some  of  the  specific  fevers,  in  septic  poison- 
ing and  m  influenza.  i~  !~u 

Sj',„/>/.m,s.-May  be  ushered  in  by  a  chill,  with  marked  rise 
of  temperature;  pulse  decreases  in  strength  or  becomes  irregular 
while  heart  beats  more  or  less  tumultuously.     In  early  stages 
soft,  blowing  sounds  may  be  heard  by  placing  ear  over  heart  on 
(eft    side,  which   correspond   in    number  and  rythm   to  heart's 
action      Excessive  pain  is  manifested  when  animal  is  compelled 
o  trot:  often  difficulty  in  breathing  is  developed  early  in  atVack 
When  valves   are  involved,   visible  mucous  membranes  become 
cither  pale  or  very  dark  colored,  and  horse  may  faint  if  head  is 
•suddemy  eknaled.     There  may  be  marked  lameness  of  the  left 
shoulder   and   if  horse  is   turned  to  the  left,  he  may  groan  with 
pain   and  the  heart  become  violently  excited,  though  pressure 
vv  11  net  produce  pam.  unless  roughly  applied.    There  is  no  appe- 
tite, and  animal  does  not  drink  much.      Surface  of  body  vS 
extrein.ties  are  cold,  and  frequently  body  is  in  a  subdued  tremor. 
There  is  usually  suppression  of  urine.     Symptoms  may  continue 
for   from  three  to  seven  days  without  marked  changes      If  he 

he  ;'L?j;f  °^  ';T''''T'''  '''''  "'"  ^  ^'°^  ^"^  ^^--dy  until 
ITZ         rf  '  ^'  "'^'"  ''''"'  °"'  ^"'^  "^S^'^'  th^  breathing 


Wa^  'm. 


i  1  ? 


9 


334  THK  PRACTICAL  STUCK  DOCTOR 

Treatment.— 

In  stimc  respects  disease  of  the  heart  is  the  most  difficult  of 
all  condUic.is  to  treat.  When  any  organ  is  inn...med,  the  treat- 
ment generally  is  to  let  that  organ  rest  and  stiinnlate  others  to  do 
Its  work  as  far  as  jwssihle:  this  cannot  Ix;  done  with  the  heart 
and  so  ixrfect  <iuiet  is  necessary,  that  in  thi.s  wav  the  heart  may 
be  relieved.  Give  clean,  well  ventilated  .stable  and  clothe  warmly. 
If  the  annual  shows  any  desire  to  eat,  give  grass,  if  in  season,  or 
bran,  scalded  oats,  I.iiLseed  meal,  and  a  little  hay. 
Internally,  give  the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladoiiiiii i  ounce. 

Fluiil  Kxtract  DiK'itiilig i^     •• 

Fluid  Kxtnut  of  Colchicum  Stfil..  >^     ■• 

^'^^l^^<^f 2  ounces. 

Watcrtomako j  i.int 

Slukc.     Dosc.     Two  ounces,   tlirce  or  lour 
times  a  day. 

In  early  stages,  if  heart  beats  rapidly  and   irregularly   give 
to  to  15  drops  I-liii<l  Extract  of  Aconite,  four  or  five  times  a  day 
Later,  if  heart  gets  weak,  give  i  grain  of  Strychnine,  in  a  little 
water,  three  or  four  times  a  day.     If  animal  improves,  give  one 
ounce  of  the  following,  three  times  a  day: 

Io<li.Ie  of  Potash i  ounce 

^^^^" I  pint. 

Also  give  the  Gentian  and  Xu.x  Vomica  mixture  as  for 
"Chronic  Indigestion." 

If  there  is  any  reason  to  belie\e  that  rheumatism  is  the 
cause,  give  2-drachm  doses  of  Salol,  three  times  a  day. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  SAC  SURROUNDING 
THE  HEART-PERICARDITIS.-Thesac  surrounding  the 
heart  is  called  the  pericardium. 

Causes.— },lay  be  caused  by  cold  or  damp  stabling,  exposure 
and  fatigue,  from  wounds  caused  by  broken  ribs,  etc.     Generally 
it  is  associated  with  an  attack  of  influenza,  rheumatism,  pleuritis 
etc. 


^Lm, 


■■^''^ 


■pp 


■w%,  -\  \ 


t 


DISKASB8  OP  THE  HORSE  935 

Sy>n/>/(>fns.—Vjiinn"y  there  are  dulls,  with  pain  in  moving;  a 
«ho  ,  painful  coukIi;  rapid,  short  breathing;  high  temperuture, 
an.!  a  rapid,  hard  pulse.  Thu  fever  and  pulse  are  highest  in 
the  cveuiuK  and  lowest  in  the  morning.  In  early  stages  the 
pulse-lK;at  is  regular;  later,  when  there  is  much  eflusion  in  the 
sac,  the  heart-beat  l-econies  muffled .  and  may  be  of  a  redoubled, 
or  rebounding,  character.  In  the  ear'  stage,  when  the  ear  is 
placed  at  left  side  of  chest,  l)ehind  the  cil)ow,  a  rasping  sound  is 
heard,  corresponding  to  frefpicncy  of  heart-beat.  This  is  called 
"to  and  fro  friction  sound."  Between  the  second  and  fourth 
•lays  this  sound  may  disapjiear  on  account  of  distension  of  the  sac, 
by  li(iuid  exuded.  When  efTusion  partly  fills  the  pericardium, 
percussion  will  show  an  increaseu  dullness  over  heart  region,  and 
the  heart-beats  become  less  marked  than  in  health,  and  sometimes 
a  splashing,  or  flapjdng,  sound  is  heard.  If  eflusion  .becomes 
absorbed,  the  "to  and  tro"  sound  usually  recurs  for  a  short 
time;  this  friction  may  often  be  felt  with  the  hand  on  the  side 
of  chest.  When  the  disease  is  associated  with  rheumatism,  or 
influenza,  some  symptoms  may  be  obscure,  but  careful  examina- 
tion will  reveal  enough  to  diagnose  the  di.sease.  Disease  is 
usually  fatal,  esiJecially  when  complicated  with  other  disorders. 

Treatmknt. — 

The  treatment  for  this  disease  is  quite  like  that  for  "Pleu- 
risy"—the  arresting  of  the  inflammation  and  the  absorbing  of 
the  serous  effusion. 

Give  well-ventilated  stall,  clothe  warmly,  and  feed  laxative 
diet. 

Internally  give  the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite 1^  drachiui. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Digitalis yi  ounce. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Colchicum  Seed....  ^      " 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna i  ounce. 

Saltpeter 2  ounces. 

Water  to  make j  pint. 

Shake.   Dose:  Two  ounces,  fcmr  times  a  day. 

After  three  or  four  days,  drop  out  the  Aconite.  Give  2  or  3 
oiuices  of  Lrit^uor  Ammonia  Acetatie  three  tunes  a  day.     If  heart 


If!      I 


a 


.E--C 


'.\f> 


Tin-   I'RACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


mts  weak,  «ivc  i  j^raiii  Str\chtiinc  four  timcis  a  clay,     If  animal 
improves,  give  i-oiince  <lo>es  tlircc  times  a  day  of: 


loiliilu  of  I'otiish. 
Water 


I  ouuce. 

I  i)int 

Apply  a  stroii«  Mustard  paste  to  the  left  side  of  the  chest. 
Oiirui^  convalescence,  «ive  the  Ionics,  as  for  "Chronic  Indiges- 
tion. " 

ENLARGEMENT  OF  THE  HEART.  -  HYPER. 

TROPHY.— This  disease  is  an  eiilarKcment  of  the  substance  of 
the  iiiart.  with  or  without  cavity  changes.  It  may  occur  in 
various  forms. 

Trt/r.v A.  Diseased  valves  of  Uie  heart:  determination  of 
»)1<hk1  to  that  orxaii,  from  a  latent  form  <;f  inflanuuatiou  of 
muscular  structure:  or  from  loiiK-cuntiiuied  increase  of  action  de- 
ixiident  ujx.n  nervous  disease.  It  may  occur  in  connection  with 
ollur  clirouic  disorders. 

.s'iw/)/<'w  v.  -In  addition  to  the  usttal  symptoms  manifested 
in  orx.anic  diseases  of  the  heart,  there  is  a  ixwerful  and  heaving 
jmlseateach  heat,  which  is  :ipparent  on  left  side,  and  even  on 
the  ri^ht  sometimes.  These  heats  are  regular,  and  when  strong 
and  full  ac  the  jaw,  there  is  a  tendency  to  active  ccmgestion  of 
the  .  ai)illary  vessels,  which  frequently  gives  rise  to  local  inflam- 
m.uion,  active  hemorrhage,  and  the  like.  In  case  of  enlargement 
with  dilatation,  the  impul-e  is  not  otdy  iK)werful  and  heaving, 
hut  it  is  diffused  over  the  whole  heart  surface,  and  the  normal 
sounds  are  increased  in  intensity.  Percussion  reveals  an  enlarged 
area  of  dullness,  while  the  impulse  is  usually  much  stronger  than 
normal.  Dropsy  of  the  jKricardium  will  give  same  wide  space 
of  dullness,  hut  the  impulse  and  sound  are  lessened.  An  animal 
with  moderate  degree  of  enlargement  may  live  a  inunherof  years, 
and  he  capable  of  ordinary  work;  it  depends  on  accompanying 
disease.     As  a  rule  the  di.sease  is  incurable. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  the  cause  can  be  discovered  and  be  removed,  it  should  Ix; 
done.  Iodide  of  Potash  may  Ijc  of  use  if  continued  for  a  suffi- 
cient length  of  time      Give  it  in  i -drachm  doses  once  daily  loi 


r-Tft 


f%i-'-'--fii    asi»^^i 


a  month   or  more.      General  lotiics,   fnctlom  from  excitement, 
avoidance  of  bulky  f<Kxl,  and  ^;oo<l  ventilation  are  indicatetl. 

ATROPHY  OF  THE  HEART-WASTING  OR 
SHRINKING.  This  is  a  shrinkin^j  away  <>f  the  heart  sub- 
stance. The  walls  become  soft  and  flabby,  and  fail  to  perform 
the  work  in  a  healthy  manner. 

S}'w/>/oms. — Pulse  is  weak  and  irregular,  often  missing  two 
or  three  beats  at  a  time.  There  is  emaciation,  lanvjuor,  and  pallor 
of  visible  mucous  membranes.  Death  is  likely  to  occur  at  any 
time  from  formation  of  bUxxl  clot. 

Trkatmknt.— 

Give  good  foo<l  and  i  drachm  Fluid  Extract  of  Nux  Vomica 
lliree  or  four  times  a  <lay.  After  two  weeks,  give  the  tonics  as 
for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 


FATTY  DEGENERATION  OF  THE  HEART.— This 

may  involve  the  whole  organ,  or  Ik;  circumscribetl  to  patches. 
When  general,  the  substance  is  flabby  or  flaccid,  and  in  extreme 
cases,  collapses  when  emptied  or  cut. 

Causes. — It  is  as,sociated  with  other  morbid  conditions  of  the 
heart,  as  obesity,  dilatation,  rupture,  aneurism,  etc.  It  may  l)e 
..-onnected  with  fatty  diseases  of  other  organs,  as  the  liver,  kid- 
neys, etc.  It  may  be  due  to  condition  of  blocxl  in  wasting  dis- 
eases, or  to  poisoning  with  arsenic  and  phosphorus. 

Srmpiimis. — The  most  prominent  symptoms  are  feeble  action 
of  the  heart,  i  remarkably  slow  pulse,  general  debility,  and 
attacks  of  vertigo.  It  may  exist  for  a  long  time,  but  is  apt  to 
terminate  in  death  on  the  occurrence  of  other  diseases,  surgical 
operations,  etc.  It  may  involve  a  liability  to  sudden  death  from 
rupture  of  the  ventricular  walls. 

Treatment. — 

Is  of  little  use;  counteract  weakness,  as  in  previous  disorder- 
give  regular  exercise. 


338  Till-  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

PALPITATION  OF  THE  HEART.-This  isT~^ 

spasmcxhc  bfatn.KM>f  the  I.eart,  ana  l,y  some  is  termed  "thumps  ' 
wh,ch  term,  in  th>s   luK^k.  is  applied  to  a  spasmo<lic  action  o    the 
dia])hrafi^m. 

C,„,s,s.-lt  may  he  due  to  indii^estion,  to  fright,  increased 
nervonsness.  s.ulden  excitement,  over-exertion  in  spe-eding  or 
pulhn.u,  or  may  follow  weakening  diseases.  It  is  more  Hkely  to 
occur  n,  hot  weather.  Most  common  cause  is  liard  work  whet, 
not  accustomed  to  it. 

Svm/,/o»is. -The  heart  may  act  with  such  \iolence  that  each 

beat  may  jar  the  whole  tedy  of  the  horse;  x-ery  freqtieutly  it  n.ay 

be  heani  at  a  .short  distance  away.     The  p.dse  will   be  rapid  and 

nnmltuo,,s.      I  he  countenance  has  an  anxious  look,  and  usually 

he  horse  IS  bathe.!  in  i^rspiration.     The  nostril.,  are  dilated  and 

breatlung  rapid. 

Trk.xtmknt.   - 

Stop  and  give  the  animal  rest,  blanket  warmly  and  give 
stimulants:  Two  ounces  of  Alcohol,  or  4  o.mces  of  Whiskey 
.n  a  little  water;  rejK-at  in  half  an  hour,  and  again  in  one  ami 
cue  half  hours.  Als..  give  .2  .Irops  of  iq„id  l^xtract  of  Aconite 
atHl  I  drachm  of  Flui.l  Ivxtract  of  Belladonna;  repeat  in  au 
hour  After  tlu-  acute  syn,i,toms  have  passe.l,  give  Muid  Ivxtract 
of  Digitahs,  '.  drachm,  three  times  a  day  for  a  few  .lavs,  and  the 
t..n.cs  as  lor  "Chronic  In.ligestion."   Con.lition  for  w..rk  care- 


TUMOR  (ANEURISM)  OF  AN  ARTERY. 


-This 


;s 


i  n 


a    diseased  c.m.litioi,  of   ,he    walls  of  an    artery,    in    which  the 
walls  become  enlarged,  forming  a  tumor. 

Si»,/,/or>,s.~l{  the  aneurism  is  in  a  superficial  artery  it 
apix-ars  as  a  tumor  in  the  course  of  the  artery,  and  pulsating  with 
It.  It  is  round,  soft,  and  compressible,  yielding  to  pressure  The 
be.atmg  m  unison  with  the  heart  is  the  characteristic  svmptom 
Aneurism  occurs  in  the  abdominal  an.l  chest  cavities,  and  creates 
obstruction  an.l  .iislnrbance,  !,»•  im  characteristics  can  be  given 
that  would  be  of  any  use.  They  .nay  rupture,  causing  sudden 
death.  " 


►-tr-^'Jf.'SSSSB.-.ir^ 


wmm 


DISEi*. 


OF  THE  HORSE 


339 


Treatment. — 

Nothing  can  be  done  oy  way  of  treatment,  except  if  super- 
ficial, and  located  where  it  is  possible,  a  gentle  compress  can  be 
applied 

RUPTURE  OF  AN  ARTERY.— The  inflammation  of 
the  wall  is  the  primary  cause  of  rupture  in  most  cases.  It  will 
cause  death  when  it  involves  a  large  vessel,  especially  if  it  is 
situated  in  one  of  the  large  cavities,  permitting  an  excessive 
escape  of  blood.  It  may  arise  from  mechanical  violence,  or  as  a 
result  of  accident. 

Sympioms.— In  fatal  rupture  with  profuse  bleeding,  animal 
becomes  weak,  the  visible  membranes  become  blanched,  breathing 
hurried  or  gasping,  pupils  dilated,  staggering  in  gait,  swooning, 
and  death.  When  limited,  the  symptoms  may  not  be  noticeable. 
When  near  the  surface  of  the  body  a  tumor  or  swelling  will 
form.  As  a  secondary  result  of  rupture  of  this  kind,  there  may 
be  formation  of  an  abscess. 

Trkatmknt. — 

When  the  rupture  of  a  deep-seated  artery  is  suspected,  give 
Fluid  Extract  of  Ergot  in  i-ounce  doses  to  produce  contraction 
of  the  blood  vessels.  Tannin  in  2-drachm  doses,  or  Tincture  of 
Iron  ill  I -ounce  doses  are  also  useful.  The  animal  should  be 
allowed  to  have  as  much  water  as  he  desires.  Afterward  give 
stimulants  and  nourishing  food. 

INFLAMMATION    OF    A     VEIN-PHLEBITIS.— 

Inflammation  may  be  simple,  or  diffuse.  If  the  first,  it  Is  confined 
to  a  limited  portion ;  if  diffuse,  it  involves  the  vein  for  a  'oiig 
distance. 

Gi«i«.— Contusions,  or  direct  injuries;  an  extension  of  inflam- 
mation fron-  the  surrounding  tissue,  as  in  abscess,  tumor,  or 
malignant  growth.  It  may  be  due  to  the  presence  of  infective 
material,  gangrenous  matter,  etc.  When  blood-letting  from  the 
jugular  vein  was  practiced,  a  case  of  dangerous  phlebitis  was 
not  unusual,  being  brought  about  by  using  rusty,  or  dirty 
instruments,  or  from  improper  care  afterward  Not  so  common 
since  bleeding  has  become  a  thing  of  the  pest. 


i 


a 

I 


wmsm 


mm 


WDW-.^}. 


-r 


a 


lis  t 


t 


340 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Symfifoms. -The  vein  swells,  Rets  hot,  sore.  red.  and  painful- 
the  inflammation  spreads  to  surrounding  parts,  and  much  swellins 
.s  a  result.  A  diffused  swelling,  with  great  tenderness,  may 
extend  along  the  vein,  and  the  animal  will  manifest  all  the 
symptoms  as  In  an  acute  feve. .  The  effect  of  this  is  quite  often 
the  obliteration  of  the  vein,  which  becomes  hard,  filled  and 
cea.ses  its  function.  In  the  case  of  the  jugular  vein  this  condition 
is  senous,  since  the  horse  cannot  graze,  owing  to  the  blood  that 
IS  forced  to  remain  in  the  vessels  of  the  head  and  neck  causing 
congestion  of  those  parts,  they  being  in  a  pendant  position 
Treatment. — 

Foment  the  part  affected  with  cloths  and  hot  water  three 
times  daily,  and  manipulate  the  vein  to  gel  obstruction  to  move 
on.  If  It  will.  If  noihing  results,  apply  a  smart  blister  along  the 
course  of  the  inflamed  vessel,  early  opening  any  absc-esses  that 
may  form.  Give  the  horse  complete  rest,  and  feed  bran  mashes 
to  keep  the  bowels  free.  If  fever  runs  high,  give  ^^-ounce  doses 
of  ^ltrateof  Potash  in  drinking  water  thr.e  times  daily,  which 
may  be  changed  in  two  or  three  days  for  i-drachm  doses  of 
Iodide  of  Potash  twice  daily. 


GENERAL  DISEASES  OP  THE  BLOOD 


BAD  BLOOD.— This  is  an  impure  condition  of  the  blood. 

Causes.-From  heavy  work  and  feeding  highlv  nutritious 
food;  or  from  exposure  with  very  poor  food-as  for  example  the 
run  of  the  straw-stack.  ' 

Sj'7n/>(oms.-ln  the  latter  case,  the  animal  is  weak  and  does 
not  thnve,  becoming  hide-bound.  The  coat  is  rough,  dry  ana 
scurfy.  If  the  animal  is  warmed  up,  pimples  are  apt  to  fona 
over  the  body,  when  horse  stands  in  the  stable  over  night  his 
legs  swell:  and  if  exposed  to  the  weather,  scratches  ensue-  ani- 
mal IS  duU  and  unfit  for  work.     Feeding  docs  not  bring  him  up 


If  from  high  feeding,  animal  may  lie  in  good  condition,  but  the 
eruption  of  the  skin  and  the  swelling  of  the  limbs  indicate  the 
disease. 

Trkatment. — 

If  in  good  condition  give  a  purgative — an  ounce  of  Aloes,  or 
^  pound  of  Ivpsom  Salts;  if  in  {X)or  condition,  give  raw  Linseed 
Oil,  1  quart,  and  repeat  in  two  or  three  aays;  give  a  laxative  diet 
and  a  teas-xxmful  of  Saltjx.'ter  three  times  a  day  for  a  week,  after 
which  use  the  two  mixtures  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion."  A 
teaspoonf  ul  of  Sulphur  once  or  twice  a  day  is  also  good.  If  in 
.he  spring,  give  a  run  at  grass.  If  he  has  to  be  kept  in,  give 
regular  exercise.    May  have  to  continue  treatment  for  some  time. 

PURPURA  HEMORRHAGICA.— 

Causes. — This  disease  usually  occurs  as  a  .sequel  to  debilitat- 
ing diseases,  such  as  strangles  or  ilistemper,  influenza  and  other 
weakening  ailments.  It  may  arise  from  badly  ventilated  stables, 
and  among  poorly  fed  horses.  Kxjwsure  to  storms  when  in  a 
run-down  condition  may  also  britig  on  an  attack  of  the  disease. 
It  is  apparently  due  to  a  deterioration  of  the  blood,  weakness  of 
the  capillary  vessels,  and  general  debility  or  exhaustion  of  the 
nervous  system.  Certain  micro-organisms  may  play  a  part  in  its 
production.  Sometimes  develo{)S  as  an  ind«fpendent  disorder, 
with  animal  in  gcKxl  condition. 

Sv)nplo)ii  -The  di.sease  generally  comes  on  rather  suddenly, 
and  1-  shown  by  swellings  on  various  parts  of  the  body,  on  the 
hcaii  or  lips,  limbs,  abtlomen,  etc.  They  pit  on  pressure,  and  are 
hut  hiightly  pauiful  to  touch.  Swellings  are  characterized  by 
sudden  terminal  U)U  and  stop  abruptly  ;  is  not  so  noticeable  below 
hocks  and  knees,  as  above  :  also  .seen  about  head  and  on  underside 
of  abdomen.  The  mucous  lining  of  the  nose  and  mouth  is 
coveieii  with  dark  red  or  purple  spots,  at  first  small,  but  soon 
run  together  ami  form  quite  large  patches;  a  bloody  serum  flows 
from  nose,  the  tongue  may  be  swollen  so  as  to  prevent  eating. 
In  two  or  three  days  bloody  serum  will  exude  from  the  pores  of 
the  skin  over  swollen  places;  later  abscesses  may  form.  The 
fever  is  moderately  high,  the  pulse  is  frequent,  and  weak,  and 


m 


m^ 


\  m 


»J   i   s 


} 


fl- 


I '  ''  it  '.   '■ ' 


343  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

becomes  weaker  as  strength  fails.  A  cough  is  usuaUy  present 
Urine  is  scanty  and  high  colored,  and  if  bowels  are  much  affected 
a  bloody  diarrhea  may  set  in,  with  colic  pains.  Some  of  the 
internal  orKaiis  may  become  implicated  in  the  disease.  A  few 
cases  run  a  mild  course,  and  bcRin  to  improve  in  three  or  four 
days.  In  severe  cases,  septic  iwisoning  is  apt  to  occur  which 
soon  causes  dcatli.  The  appetite  may  remain  fairly  good. 
esptciilly  in  the  milder  cases. 

TrI'ATMHNT. — 

The  treatment  is  to  nonri.sh  the  animal  well  and  give  tonics 
to  buiM  up  the  system.  Give  nourishuig,  laxative  food,  good 
hay.  bran.  Liii^.v,!  meal,  scalded  oats.  Place  in  a  clean,  well 
ventilated  stall.     Give  the  following  medicines: 

Tincture  of  Inm j  ounce. 

Q"'"'"e T  drachm. 

Water ,  ^i„^^ 

Give  as  one  dose  ;  rejieat  three  or  four  times 

ft  li.'iV, 

Iron  is  a  very  important  drug  in  this  disorder.  Also  give 
the  foIIowiiiK,  ha\  iiiK  an  hour  or  so  elapse  lietween  doses  of  this 
and  the  forej^oini; 

I'liii'l  l-xtract  Xux  Vomica 2  ounces. 

I'liiiil  I^xtrad  Cnkliiciiiii  Seed 1  ounce. 

Fluid  Ilxtrai  t  C.futiaii 3  ounces. 

Fluid  Hxtract  Difritalis i  ounce. 

Saltpeter a  ounce^. 

Water  to  make 1  pint 

/h'sr;   I    ounce,    m    a  little  water,   three  or 

f'lnr  times  a  dav. 

If  heart  sIvavs  w.akiiess,  ^ivc  an  ounce  of  Alcohol  in  ]4  p,nt 
of  water  three  tinie>  a  day.  Two-otince  doses  Hyp<,suli)hite  of 
vSoda,  in  >,  pint  of  water,  three  times  a  day  are  gcxxl.  If  tom- 
perature  should  rtni  hiKh,  give  as  one  dose : 

'^"tanilid ,  ,ir,ichtu. 

Alcohol ,  ^,n„pj 

Wa'" h  pint. 

Once  or  twice  a  dav. 


iji 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSE 


243 


If  swellings  become  bad  about  the  head,  so  as  to  interfere  with 
breathing  or  eating,  foment  with  hot  water  and  keep  the  head  up 
higher  than  the  Ixxiy.  If  abscesses  form,  open  them  and  treat  as 
describetl  under  "Abscesses."  After  horse  imjiroves  somewhat, 
viiaiige  treatment  and  use  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 
A  veterinarian  can  i;i\e  the  Serum  treatment. 

RHEUMATISM.— 

Caiisfs. — This  is  supposed  to  be  caused  by  an  accumulation 
in  the  blood  of  a  ]>eculiar  acid,  or  of  some  natural  acid  in  excess. 
Upon  the  slighest  provocation  in  the  way  of  exposure,  or 
derangements  of  the  stomach  and  howls,  it  is  apt  to  assume  the 
acute  form,  and  to  cause  intense  pain  and  lameness. 

Symp/oms. — There  is  lameness,  usually  of  a  peculiar  kind, 
flying  from  one  joint  to  another,  and  from  one  leg  to  another; 
sometimes  the  parts  swell,  and  sometimes  not;  the  joints  most 
commonly  atTected  are  the  fetkx^ks,  shoulders,  and  hips.  Tlicre 
is  usually  more  or  less  fever,  elevation  of  temjierature,  high 
pulse,  and  sometimes  suppuration  of  the  affected  parts.  Some- 
times it  attacks  tlie  muscles,  causing  them  to  contract,  and 
changing  the  shape  of  the  part;  the  contraction  produces  pain, 
and  the  animal  moves  the  affected  member  fre<iuently,  swinging 
it,  or  pawing;  if  in  a  joint,  it  causes  severe  lameness,  if  in  muscles 
stiffness. 


Trratmknt. — 

Place  the  animal  in  a  dr>',  W( !!  ventilated,  but  warm  bo.K 
stall,  blanketed  warmly;  give  a  mild  purgative — 6  drachms  of 
Aloes,  or  Jj  pound  Ivpsom  Salts — and  afterwards  keep  bowels 
active  by  giving  from  '<  to  i  pint  of  raw  I.inseetl  Oil  daily; 
feed  laxative  diet,  roels,  bran,  and  a  little  hay.  Give  the 
following; 

Fluid  ICxlrat-t  (if  l?ella(lonn!i 2  ounces. 

I'luid  I-;xtrait  of  Colchicum  Seed 6  drachtus. 

I,i(|Uor  Aiiiiiionia  Acelatis i  pint. 

Saltpeter 3   ounces. 

Water  to  m.ike I  quart. 

Dose:  1  ounces,  three  or  Tour  times  a  day. 


I 


244 TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Also  give  as  one  dose: 

^■''"' 1  to  2  drachms. 

AKohol i^  (mnce. 

^^'•'ter %  pint. 

Three  or  four  times  ;i  day. 

If  the  temperature  runs  high,  give: 

Acetiinilid.... i  <Ir,ichni. 

Al'~"licil I  (nince. 

^^'''i-r %  pint. 

Once  a  day. 

Apply  dry  heat  t>.  the  affected  part,  in  the  form  of  hot 
wookn  blankets,  hot  salt  hag.s,  f,r  hot  water  bottles;  also  bathe 
the  part  with  some  good  liniment,  j)erhaps  the  following: 

Witch  H.i/el 2  ounces. 

Soap  Liinnu'iit 3        " 

Laudanum 2        " 

Turpentine i  ounce. 

Slid:e. 

Ii  1  jc  is  affeclod  and  the  lameness  remains  after  the  acMtc 
sympt.  ms         -mc,  apply    a   blister.     vSee  "To  Blister  ''    andpt 

At  5SES.-  An  abscess  is  a  gatherinp  r^  pn*  in  a  sac 

from  a     lor        prt^ev-  in  tlie  glands,  muscular  H:-wtie«.  or  even  in 
he  lx)i    s.         lert-  ar-  nvo  kinds,  which  may  he  classed  as  acute, 
and  c     i  o:  nic      -<:es.ses. 

\cute  es".       nay   arise    from  distemper;  from  bruises, 

f^'        'US  h        ig  ■         :oreigii  matter  in  them;  or  from  impurities 
i"  'loo"        i-  apt  to  form  in  •».ny  part  which  becomes 

hiK        mfla  ,d  example  ar^  Miose  in  the  glands  after 

distemj)cr.      .  an  increase    ;r   size,  glands  ])ecoming  firm, 

hot,  h.ard  a-  1  p;  1  At  first  sw  -lling  is  iniiformly  hard  over 
entire  surface,  1  ut  it  soon  becomes  .soft  { fluctuating)  at  some  por- 
tion, mostly  at  the  center.  From  this  time  on  the  abscess  is  said 
to  be  "pointing"  or  ■coming  to  a  head,"  which  i.s  shown  by  the 
small  elevation,  which  at  first  is  dry,  but  soon  becomes  moist 
from  the  serum  transuded.  The  hair  over  this  part  loosens  and 
falls  ofT,  and  in  a  short  time  the  abscess  opens,  contents  escape 
and   ca\ity  gradually    fills   up.     When  in   the  muscular  tissue, 


|1f;(lWI^'     •^'■;< 


■^. 


niSKASKS  OF  THU  HORSlv 


245 


abscesses  are  usually  the  result  of  bruises  or  injuries.  In  all 
cases  where  abscesses  are  forming,  the  riix-uing  should  be  encour- 
aged with  hot,  soft  poultices  — Linseed  meal  is  the  best— until  it 
points  or  comes  to  a  head.  Then  open  with  a  knife,  unless  in  the 
region  of  a  joint  or  a  large  blood  vessel,  when  it  is  inipx;rative  to 
let  the  abscess  open  of  itself.  When  open,  press  gently  with 
fingers  to  remove  the  clots  of  thick  pus  and  flush  out  freely,  first 
with  water,  then  with  a  Carbolic  Acid  lotion: 

Carbolic  Acid %  ounce, 

Water i  pint, 

Using  a  bulb  syringe.  I'rol)e  the  abscess  witli  the  finger,  and  if 
opening  is  too  high  to  allow  of  good  drainage,  enlarge  it  or  make 
another.  Be  very  careful  in  probing  abscesses  al)out  joints.  It 
is  a  good  plan  to  inject  into  olil  abscesses,  after  they  have  l>een 
cleaned  out,  2  or  3  drachms  of  the  Tincture  of  Iodine,  press- 
ing on  the  walls  after  the  injection  so  as  to  paint  the  whole 
interior;  rejK-at  daily  for  three  or  four  days.  Do  not  let  the 
opening  into  the  abs<  ess  cl(jse  too  (juickly;  enlarge  it  if  it  closes 
too  rapidly — as  it  will  unless  large  in  the  first  plact  .  If  walls  of 
abscess  are  thick  and  hard,  iH)ultice  for  a  few  days  after  opening. 
RejK-at  the  flushing  out  of  the  abscess  daily  f<'r  three  or  four  days, 
then  once  in  twt)  or  three  ilays  until  well. 

"Cold  Abscess"  is  the  term  applied  to  lliose  large,  indolent 
swellings  that  are  the  result  of  a  low  or  chronic  form  of  inflam- 
mation, in  the  center  of  v.hicli  is  a  small  collection  of  pus.  They 
are  mostly  met  with  at  the  base  of  the  neck  and  in  front  of  the 
shoulder  joint,  and  are  caused  by  the  irritation  of  a  loose  or 
badly-fitting  collar.  The  swelling  is  difi'use,  slightly  hotter  than 
the  surrounding  parts,  and  not  very  painfid  to  touch.  This  swel- 
ling subsides  gradually,  and  leaves  the  hardened  mass  fairly  well 
defined.  One  of  the  characteristic-s  of  cold  abscesses  is  their 
tendency  to  remain  in  the  same  condition  for  a  long  time.  If. 
however,  the  horse  is  put  to  work,  the  surrounding  tis,sues  assume 
a  tumor-like  condition,  which,  after  a  few  days'  rest,  disapjx^ar, 
leaving  about  as  before.  Sometimes,  by  careful  examination .  what 
appears  to  Ix;  a  fluid  may  l)e  discovert  deep-seated  in  the  center 
of  the  mass.     It  may  be  but  little,  not  more  than  a  tablespoonful, 


'"f^ 


f. 


■» 


till: 


II J 


m 


'J^ THK  PRACTICAL^TOCK  DOCTOR 

and    is   not    easily   deUctcd.       In    such    a  case   the    treatment 
consists  ,n  cxpl„rin«  the  tu.nor  with  a  sn.all  trocar  an    ",^1 
or    o„ow  needle,  for  the  presence  of  pus,    XM..,  ,,.,      ^ T    i 
in    Mon  nuo  the  tun.or  and  let  the  p„s  escape..    After  this,  indnc 

hKk  nails  of  the  ahscess.      I„..,t  well   i„,„  ,1,.  incision  oaknm 

or  cotton   saturated  with  Tnr,K-ntine  or  Tincture  of  Icxline  o 

1-     nK.,.on  uuh  Sulphate  of  Zinc  and  leave  in  for  twentv-f.; 

'     r^.      llese  aKcnts  set   up  a  <lestructive   inllanunalion  of  the 

.    s.      Matter    ,s    Kcuerated,   and  this   is   to   W-  encouraged  by 

.  .U.cu.K  as  ,„  an  acute  abscess.     Orifice  uu.st  Ik.-  kept  open   and 

aaH    to  ,K.al.  a,ai„  introduce  son.  of  the  a,e,Us  al  ^.^^^ 

If  after  the  abscess  heal>.  there  is  still  a  little  e.darKement    apply 

Imliiu-  Crvst.ils..  .  ,11 

I("llc|<-  ct    I'ot.-lsll  ,     ,  , 

liiiiKMlidc  of  .Mercury -'o  t;r.,i,,s 

V'a.scliiif 

2  ounces. 

/V;.. 

Follow  the  application  of  a  little  of  tl.e  oinin,ent  with  ten  to 
fifteen  nnnutes  rubbu-K  with  a  rub  cloth.  If  the  part  gets  sore 
after  a  tew  applications,  withhold  for  a  tin.e  and  then  apply  aRain. 

ERYSIPELAS.-Xot  very  conunon,  except  in  certain  se-c- 
'«>....  It  ,s  u,  nillannnation  of  the  skin.  It  mav  be  superficial 
-<  -"ynvnlve  the  upper  layers  of  the  skin,  o'r  deepe  seat  d 
and  ,nvo  ve  the  under  layers.  The  superficial  does  not  suppuraU 
"  the  deep  seated  usually  does.  It  is  believed  to  be  contagious' 
■Hid  to  be  due  to  a  bacterial  poison.  It  sometimes  rages  as  an 
q>.<lcm.c.  It  usually  follows  wo.n.ds,  injuries,  and  sores  '  but 
may  come  on  an  apparently  healthy  skin. 

Cuscs. —Jt  is,  as  above  stated,  due  to  a  germ,  but  the  fol- 
lownig  are  favorable  conditions  for  the  development:  Damp  hot 
and  oppressive  weather,  especially  if   horses   are   kept   in '  low' 
unsanitary  places.     The  suppression  of  a  chronic  discharge-  feed- 
ing on  rich,  heating  food,  when  horse  has  been  accurtumed   to 


DISKASES  OF  THK  HORSE 


247 


poor,  scanty  foo<i;  keeping  animals  with  oiien  sores  near  decom- 
posing animal  tissues,  arc  also  favoriible  conditions.  The  commoi. 
means  of  contagion  is  by  using  same  sjxjnge  on  erysiiielatous  and 
healthy  sores,  and  by  use  of  harness,  clothing,  etc. 

Symptoms. — There  is  usually  fever,  with  pulse  and  tempera- 
ture raised;  urine  scanty  and  high  colored;  bowels  usually  con- 
stipated; loss  of  spirits  and  ajipctite.  This  may  be  followed  in 
the  course  of  t%velve  hours  by  a  diffuse  swelling  that  is  hot,  red, 
and  painful;  if  on  a  white  skin,  it  will  be  found  shining,  tense 
and  deep  red.  It  spreads  rapidly,  terminating  at  edges  in  a  well 
marked  line.  Swelling  does  not  pit  on  pressure,  but  returns 
when  finger  is  taken  away.  It  may  attack  a  wound  in  any  part 
of  the  body,  but  aside  from  that,  is  most  common  in  head  and 
legs.     There  is  a  peculiar  odor,  like  burnt  hair. 

Trkatmbnt.— 

Place  in  a  very  clean,  well  ventilated  stall.  Internally,  give 
laxatives,  as  a  pint  to  a  quart  of  Oil,  or  yi  pound  of  Epsom 
Salts,  and  give  laxative,  but  nourishing,  food, — bran,  scalded 
oats,  roots,  hay.     Also  give  internally: 

I'luid  Kxtract  of  CoUhicum  Seed....   >i  ounce. 

Fluid  Extract  of  PiKilalLs 3  drachms. 

Saltpeter 2  ounces. 

Alcohol 4  ounce-s. 

Water  to  make \  pint. 

Dost\-  2  ounces  three  or  f  lu  times  a  day. 

Also  give,  alternating  with  the  foregoing: 

Tincture  of  Iron J^  ounce. 

Quinine yi  drachm. 

Water %  pint. 

Three  times  a  da\-. 

If  the  temperature  runs  high,  give: 

Acetanilid I  drachtn. 

Alcohol I  ounce. 

Water %  pint. 

Morning  and  night. 

Irocally  apply  to  the  diseased  parts  astringent  and  antiseptic 
lotions. 


t: 

i 


.^48 THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

For  ail  antiseptic : 

CarbolicHcul -i  ounce. 

^■'"" iqiwrt. 

Apply  two  or  tlirce  times  a  day. 

For  ail  astriiigtnt  use: 

Aceute  of  Le«(l i  ommcc 

^^'"»" .  pint. 

Or;  ' 

Sulphate  of  Iron bounces. 

^^'"" I  pint. 

Apply  two  or  tlirir  times  .i  'lay. 

Keep  the  afTccte.1   part  covere.l  witli  cloths  wrttn^'  out  of  a 
solution  of  IIyix)sulphite  of  Soda. 

Hyposulphite  of  ScMl,. 4  to  6  ounces. 

W"'''^ I  pint. 

If  pos.siblc  I    t  a  vote  iiioriai.  to    gixe  serum  treatment,  as 
used  III  human  family 

If    abscesst:^  form,   oi)€u    and    treat    .is    des<ibed    uiuler 
"Abscesses." 


DISEASES  OF  1  HE  BONES 

CARIES,  OR  ULCERATION  OF  A  BONE  This 
may  affect  any  bone  in  the  body.  The  bones  most  fre-.u.cMily 
aflected  are  tlie  teeth,  the  lower  jaw,  bones  of  the  neek,  spines  of 
the  back,  tones  of  the  tail,  in  fact  any  tone  sustaining  an  injury 
severe  enough  to  cause  a  sloughing  „f  the  tone  suL  ,tance. 

Causes.— WoWKh  oi  any  kind.  alTectiiig  the  tone,  are  liable 
to  be  fallowed  by  inHaniniation  and  ulceration. 

Sjmp/oms.~A  peculiar,  offensive  odor  of  the  pus  from  the 
woinid  IS  the  first  indication  that  the  tone  is  afTected-an  odor 
hke  decayed  teeth.  The  discharge  that  cor  cs  directly  from  the 
tone  IS  small,  but  enough  to  give  the  odor  to  .he  pus  from  the 


iii 


itrirT-:-.--xwbMi«*a. 


JTITK^B^WI'-b' 


-2r/5|' 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSR  349 

wound.  The  surface  of  the  hone  is  ronf»h.  The  surronnding 
parts  swell  considerably,  and  lxKX)mc  in  time  hard  and  calloused. 
The  discharge,  if  applied  to  silver,  will  tarnish  it. 

Tkratmknt. — 

Wash  the  part  and  make  an  opening  on  the  under  side,  if 
possible,  to  allow  the  fret  escape  of  pus.  Scrajie  the  diseasetl 
surface  of  Innie  with  a  dull-edged  instrument,  to  remove  the  dis- 
eased ixjrtion,  and  dress  twice  daily  with  the  following  lotion : 

llydruchloric  Acid 2  ilruchuis. 

Water '/i  pint. 

Mix. 

Apply  with  n  swab  directly  to  diseased  spot  on  the  tone. 
This  will  stop  progress  of  tlisease  and  promote  healthy  growth. 
Continue  with  this  until  all  ilisease  of  the  Ixjue  is  gone;  then 
change  to  the  following  to  heal  the  flesh  wound: 

Sulphate  of  /iuc 6  drachms. 

Su^,Mr  of  I.t-ad I  ounce. 

Water I  pint. 

Afix.     Shaki-  and  apply  three  times  daily. 

Also  flush  wound  with  Carlxjlic  Acid  solution.  Tincture  of 
Myrrh  is  als<j  gootl,  ami  if  weather  is  cold,  Friar's  Balsam  is 
probably  one  of  the  best  things  for  flesh  wounds. 

NECROSIS,  OR  DEATH   OF  A  BONE.-  This  is  the 

death  of  a  ]  art  or  the  whole  of  a  bone;  usually  seen  in  the  longer, 
harder  Ix)ik-.  of  the  Ixnly,  and  quite  often  in  the  lower  jaw-bone 
of  horses  that  pull  very  hard  on  the  bit. 

Causes.  — V.xiQrnal  violence  is  generally  the  cause,  setting  up 
an  inflammation  of  the  covering  of  the  bone  (the  periosteum)  and 
cutting  off  the  nourishment  of  the  l)one  so  that  it  perishes. 

5)w/>/()W5.— There  will  be  inflammation,  the  forniatioti  of  an 
abscess  with  one  or  more  openings  in  the  skin,  through  which  the 
pus  will  find  its  way;  the  offensive  odor,  as  in  the  preceding  dis- 
ease, will  be  present,  and  occasionally  a  fcit  of  dead  bone  will 
pass  ont  with  the  discharge.  The  discharge  is  irritating  and  galls 
the  surface  it  runs  over. 


^i^r.^. 


»»>c 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  fi'id  iSO  TESl   CHART  No    2 


1.0   li:' 


I.I 


2.8 


I:  1^ 

1:  1^ 


I  2.5 

II  2.2 

I  2.0 
1.8 


1.25 


1.4 


^     APPLIED   IN/MGE     Inc 


'tt'.J'*         .'-jA 


:svfst^Fi^saBm\!£^jt^^  nagm^stta^ip^siRHV 


It;'' 
•   '    '! 

Ill 


250 


THK  PRACTICAJ.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Treatmknt. — 

Make  the  opening  large  and  downward,  to  favor  a  free  escape 
of  pns,  and  rLino\e  dead  bone  as  fast  as  possible.  The  sooner 
removed  the  sooner  the  hone  will  heal.  Keep  parts  clean  and 
dress  three  times  daily  with  the  following  : 

Carbolic  Acid I  ounce. 

Water l  quart. 

Inject  into  wouud. 

Also  use  the  Hytlrochloric  Acid  solution,  as  in  preceding 
disease.  If  a  liml)  is  affected,  put  the  animal  in  a  sling.  If  jaw- 
bone, feed  on  sloppy,  easily-masticated  food. 

RICKETS. — The  term  rickets  is  used  to  denote  an  un- 
natural softness  of  the  bony  structure  in  young  animals.  It  is 
due  to  a  deficiency  of  earthy,  and  an  excess  of  animal,  material 
in  the  lx)nes.  It  may  be  seen  in  colts,  calves,  and  in  young  dogs, 
especially  spaniels  and  jx^inters.  In  colts  and  calves  the  cannon 
lx)nes  of  the  front  legs  generally  liend  first,  while  in  dogs  the 
lower  third  of  the  upper  arm  Ixjiie,  giving  the  animal  a  dwarf- 
like look.  When  the  bones  of  the  hind  legs  are  affected,  the 
toes  are  turned  outward,  the  hocks  inward. 

Rickets  appear  when  the  animal  is  but  a  few  weeks,  or  a 
few  months  old,  caused  by  constitutional  debility,  scrofulous  ten- 
dency, or  by  external  and  preventable  causes.  Thus  we  find  it 
in  calves,  which  are  not  allowed  to  suck  the  mother;  in  foals, 
when  the  mare  is  taken  to  work,  and  colt  allowed  to  suckle  at 
morning  and  night,  or  at  most  three  times  a  day;  young  animals 
fed  on  artificial  food  in  place  of  milk  and  kept  without  exercise. 

Tkeatmknt. — 

This  must  be  both  local  and  constitutional,  and  to  be  suc- 
cessful it  nutst  be  energetic  and  persevering,  regardless  of  trouble, 
until  a  cure  is  effected,  or  it  becomes  plain  that  case  is  hopeless. 
If  the  milk  of  the  mother  is  stispected,  change  or  increase  her  food, 
— use  bran,  and  give  her  alteratives  and  tonics.  Give  the  mother 
the  mixtures  as  recommended  for  "Chronic  Indigestion."  Also 
give  her  a  teaspoonful  of  Phosphate  of  Lime  twice  daily.  The 
limbs  of  the  young  should  be  supported  by  splints  of  heavy 
leather  or  wofxi,  with  bandages,  or  by  sticking  a  strong  piece  of 


4? 


'ifc:*-'  1,1 


r,!'- 


Id.J^M{ 


DISI- ASi:.S  OK  THK  HORSK 


251 


canvas  aroiiml  a  strong  splint  and  lacinj^  it  around  the  limb. 
Care  must  be  taken  that  the  spUnl  does  not  cliafe  the  limb  in  any 
way.  Put  a  bandaye  around  the  le^-  before  applying  the  splint. 
The  splint  of  wood  should  be  applied  to  the  concave  side  of  the 
curve,  taking  care  that  it  is  long  enough  to  reach  the  part  of  the 
iinib  that  is  not  bent,  both  above  and  below  curves.  Keep  animal 
in  a  level  yard,  and  give  foods  that  tend  to  make  bone,  as  oatmeal 
and  bran  to  colts,  and  bones  to  dogs.  Also  give  the  young  a 
little  of  the  same  mixtures  as  recommended  for  the  mother, 
esjx;cially  so  if  the  young  is  not  sucking.  Give  the  colt  from 
one-sixth  to  one-lialf  the  mother's  dose. 

BIG  HEAD.-OSTEO  POROSIS.— This  is  a  disease  that 
attacks  horses  from  one  to  four  years  of  age,  rarely  older,  and 
gradually  comes  on  without  any  signs  of  soreness.  The  bones  of 
the  head,  and  sometimes  legs,  get  larger  and  larger,  and  become 
very  porous  and  brittle.  It  more  often  affects  the  bones  of  the 
head  than  of  any  other  part  of  the  body.  An  uncommon  disease, 
except  in  certain  localities. 

Causes. — The  cause  of  the  disease  is  not  known,  but  by 
some  is  supposed  to  be  caused  by  feeding  on  pasture  lands 
deficient  in  the  salts  of  lime.  Others  attribute  it  to  the  grass  of 
lowdying,  swampy  lands,  where  there  is  a  lack  of  nourishing 
substance. 

Symp/oins. — At  first  the  symptoms  are  not  well  marked,  but 
the  hor.se  is  noticed  to  be  dull,  falls  off  in  condition,  and  his 
nniscles  will  get  very  soft.  This  may  continue  for  several 
months  iK'fore  the  true  nature  of  the  disease  will  develop. 
Horse  will  seem  stiff  when  traveling,  his  lx;lly  Ix^comes  very 
gaunt,  and  the  head  wil'  be  noticed  as  getting  larger  than  natural: 
then,  after  this,  the  bones  of  the  legs  may  also  become  enlarged, 
or  sometimes  these  enlarge  early  in  the  course  of  the  disease,  and 
as  the  disease  goes  on  the  bones  grow  larger,  th-.-  animal  continues 
to  run  off  in  condition  until  he  dies.  It  is  s.iid  that  in  some 
cases,  when  walking,  one  of  the  Iwnes  of  the  legs  have  broken 
in  consequence  of  condition. 


W?^ 


rst"^ 


*' 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Tkkatmknt.-- 

Tlie  treatinoiit  of  tliis  disease  is  not  satisfactory,  and  if  disease 
has  been  running  any  length  of  time,  it  is  best  to  put  the  horse 
out  of  his  misery.  If  in  tlie  early  stages,  give  good  nourishing 
f<-e(l,  along  with  the  t\v<j  mixtures  as  reconnnended  for  "Chronic 
Indigestion."  Also  give  a  teaspoonful  of  Phosphate  of  Lime 
once  or  twice  a  day  for  a  time. 

EXOSTOSIS  OF  THE  JAW. -This  consists  of  bony 
tumors  on  the  lower  jaw,  where  they  are  quite  often  seen. 

('{■//.•iis.  Usually  by  so.ne  external  injury,  ofttinies  by  a  curb 
chain.     Also  from  u  Miiall  nose  band  to  the  halter. 

.Srw/>Aw/.f.— The  bon\-  tumor  is  sometimes  spread  over  a 
large  portion  of  the  jaw  bone,  with  very  broad  base;  sometimes 
they  are  in  the  form  of  little  lumps  or  nodules,  the  size  of  the  end 
of  one's  thumb,  with  a  very  sniall  base:  they  become  hard,  and 
usually  -io  no  harm,  but  are  disfiguring. 

TkI':.\T.MK.\T. — 

As  soon  as  the  condition  is  noticed,  remove  the  cause;  apply 
the  Iodine  Ointment,  as  in  after-treatment  for  "Abscesses." 
Keep  the  part  continuously  irritated  by  the  use  of  the  ointment. 
Continue  treatment  for  a  long  time.  If  the  condition  has  existed 
for  some  time,  it  will  not  respond  to  treatment. 

SPLINT.— A  splint  is  an  enlargc-nient  on  the  cannon  bone, 
a  little  below  the  knee,  usually  on  the  inside,  but  is  sometimes 
seen  on  the  outside.  Most  often  met  with  on  the  front  legs, 
sometimes  .seen  on  the  hind  legs.  The  usual  place  for  the 
e;ilargement  is  between  the  large  cami(m  bone  and  inner  splint 
bone  above  the  middle.  If  close  to  the  knee  it  is  more  serious. 
They  sometimes  attain  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg,  but  u.sually  are 
(jnite  small.  They  cause  lameness  while  growing,  but  rarely  do 
so  after  they  are  fully  formed. 

G^/wr^.  — vSlipping,  jumping,  runni:.g,  kicks,  bruises  of  the 
bone,  in  fact  anything  that  may  sprain  the  ligamentous  attach- 
ment between  the  large  cannon  and  splint  bones.  Colts  that  have 
small,  weak  bones  below  the  knee,  or  that  are  very  fat  and  heavy 
on  their  legs,  are  most  apt  to  have  splints. 


?j 


mw-m 


DISi';ASliS  OP  THE.  HORSE 


253 


Symptoms,  in  early  stage  the  colt  may  walk  sound,  but  trot 
lame.  Exercise  makes  larucineos  wursc;  after  resting  a  day  or 
two,  may  start  sound,  but  after  going  four  or  five  miles  goes  lame. 
On  examination,  a  sore  spot  may  be  found  below  the  knee  on 
inside  the  leg,  and  a  little  heat  may  be  detected.  Feel  for  it  with 
leg  bent  and  you  will  be  apt  to  locale  it.  In  later  stages  there 
will  be  a  bony  lump,  adhering  directly  to  the  leg.  When  an  mch 
or  more  below  the  knee,  it  is  no  permai.ent  detriment,  but  if 
nearer,  it  is  bad,  as  it  is  likely  to  interfere  with,  knee  action. 
'\Vhen  knee  is  aiTected,  it  usually  causes  permanent  lameness. 
This  lameness  is  very  rarely  met  with  in  horiCb  past  six  years 
jld  —  most  often  seen  at  three  or  four. 

Treatment.— 

The  more  vigorous  the  treatment  the  greater  tendency  to 
the  production  of  a  i)ernianent  bleniisl.-lhe  bony  enlargement. 
The  treatment  should  therefore  be  mild.  Give  the  coit  a  long 
rest;  put  him  by  himself,  where  he  will  not  run  and  play.  I'or 
a  few  days  at  first  apply  cold  fomentations,  wrap  a  blanket  alxnit 
the  leg  and  keep  it  wet  with  cold  water,  re-wetting  every  half 
hour:  also  bathe  twice  a  day  with  White  Lotion  (page  263) .  Feed 
laxative  diet.  This  line  of  treatment  rapiires  more  time,  but 
will  generally  leave  the  animal  imblemished,  and  if  a  small 
enlargement  does  lorm  it  cati  generally  be  reduced  by  usmg 
Iodine  Ointment,  a:;  described  under  "Abscesses."  If  it  is 
desired  to  remove  t!ie  lameness  as  S(X)n  as  ix)ssible,  regardless 
of  blemish,  blister  the  part,  extending  the  blister  somewhat 
above  and  below  tlie  aiTected  part.  But  little  alletition  is  paid 
to  splints  on  draft  hoises,  but  on  carriage  and  road  horses  a 
splint  is  a  serious  blemish,  although  the  animal  may  not  be 
it  all  lame. 

SORE  SHINS.— Young  running  horses  are  apt  to  have 
sore  shins  from  too  much  galloping  before  the  bones  become 
thoroughly  hardened.  The  bones  all  along  the  leg,  from  foot  to 
knee,  get  sore  and  somewhat  enlarged,  causing  lameness.  The 
inflammation  is  often  followed  by  an  o.ssification  of  the  effusion 
that  is  thrown  out,  and  gives  the  leg  the  appearance  of  having 
patches  of  bone  plastered  over  the  shins  under  tlic  skin, 


rt:' 


254 


Tin.;  1'RACTICAL  ST(;CK  nOCTOR 


I  ll» 


i 


!l 


Caiiscs.~Too  III  ,c!i  .;all..],inL;  uhc,  tlic-  hones  are  young  uii<l 
tender  Ihiiises  aihl  kicks  atv  ,.f(en  llie  cause  of  bony  enlarge. 
mcnls,  ami  if  on  a  joint  !!„.■  u-ult  may  hi'  ^-e^ou.■,. 

.S:iv;//.Aw...-^-TlK.re  i>  ^ou■P.^s  i„  Irunt  le^s,  shown  hy  short 
still  Kait;  if  more  in  one  l^^  than  in  ,,tliei ,  lliere  will  he  hinieiies-' 
There  IS  teii.ierne>.(m  haiuMiii.t;,  aiLlnioreor  le-s  suelhiio  at  any 
IK.int  ot  injury  when  it  is  il,o  result  <,f  an  aeciaciil.  "ai  fust 
sueliinj;  is  s.,ft  and  sponwy,  hut  in  a  few  davs  it  hnoines  quite 
hard  an.l  has  tlie  feeliii-  of  hone.  rf.;reness  niav  extend  over  the 
wliole  surface  or  he  confined  to  that  part  near  tlic  joints,  especially 
tliefetk.ek  and  j.astern.  Animal  is  inchued  to  knuckle  at  the 
fetlock  and  ^o  over  on  the  knee. 

Tki:at.mi;.nt  — 

Give  the  animal  rtst.  If  in  summer,  bathe  with  cold  salt 
water;  in  winter,  have  hot  water.  After  batliin-,  api>ly  freely 
While  Lotion  (pa.^e  jr,;, )  aihl  then  handaxe  h-htlywith  bandages 
wet  with  a  solution  of  Ilyposiilj-hite  of  Soda: 

HvpoM.l|,lm<M,fSo,la 4..>irires. 

^^^"'-■'' I  pint. 

A   lotion  com].osed  of  e(|iid  parts  of   Witch  Ha/el,  Arnica 
Laudanum  and  water,  is  also  -ood  to  api>]y. 

Feed  on  a  laxative  diet  an<l  -jve  a  teaspoonfnl  ,,f  S.dtpetei 
three  times  n  day  for  a  few  days.  Keep  iij*  treatment  until  sore- 
ness IS  gone,  then,  if  neces.sary,  use  a  li,>;ht  blister.  The  bcnes 
.should  never  be  rnhi)c(n-ery  iiard  nor  very  much,  but  the  tendons 
on  back  of  legs  may  have  all  the  rubbing  they  can  get. 

OSTEOPHYTES.  This  is  the  name  given  to  bon^ 
growths  or  deposits  that  follow  sore  shins  „r  rliciimatistn. 
lliere  are  a  number  of  dilTereiit  kiiuls.  The  v.Ivety  or 
villous,  like  hoar  fr.,M,  i.  x-.^niUy  spread  over  the  bone  in 
a  uniform  layer,  and  i>  >een  in  the  bones  of  young  hor.ses, 
hack  horses,  and  someliines  in  the  bones  of  driving  horses.  The 
sphntered  or  lamm  d  kind  grows  more  in  excrescences,  and 
splintered  as  in  spavin  The  warty  kind  grows  hke  a  wart  with 
either  a  narrow  or  wide  base.  These  are  seen  on  any  Ixme  as 
the  result  of  bruises  or  injury,  and  sometimes  appear  arouud  thf 
hock  or  kucc  joluts 


?r  ■ 


li 


DISIiASKS  OI'  TIIK  HORSE 


255 


Causes.—  Hard  work  of  any  kind,  making  the  1)oues  sore; 
infiaramation  sets  in,  and  deposits  follow  as  a  natural  result. 
Accidents,  bruises,  kicks,  etc.,  contribute  tbtir  share.  As  stated, 
is  apt  to  follow  "Sore  Shins"  and  "  Rheumatism." 

SiM/y/cins. — The  bony  enlargement  can  be  seen  and  felt. 
There  will  probably  be,  in  addition,  more  or  less  lameness,  or, 
in  absence  of  lameness,  a  stiff,  short,  stilted  gait. 

Tke.\tmknt. — 

This  is  not  very  satisfactory,  as  it  requires  a  long  time,  con- 
siderable attention,  and  continuous  rest;  and  perhaps  then  there 
is  no  great  improvement.  If  in  early  stages,  the  same  treatment 
as  in  "  Sore  Shins,"  followed  with  prolonged  use  of  the  Iodine 
Ointment,  as  recommended  in  after-treatment  for  "Abscesses." 

SIDE  BONE. — On  each  side  of  the  back  part  of  coffin  Ixine 
is  a  cartilage,  called  the  lateral  cartilage  f)f  the  foot,  a!id  by 
pressing  on  the  heel  at  each  side  of  the  foot  just  al)ove  the  hcxjf, 
they  can  be  moved  in  and  .out  when  in  a  healtln-  state.  When 
diseased,  they  cliange  to  lx)ne  and  enlarge,  giving  rise  to  the 
disease  as  above  named. 

Gn/scs. — From  hard  work  on  hard  roads;  from  any  severe 
injury  to  the  quarter,  as  horse  stepping  on  his  own  feel,  getting 
the  foot  caught  under  a  root  in  the  woods;  contraction  of  the 
heels;  severe  nail  wounds  or  bruising  of  the  heels.  Feet  with  low 
heels  are  predisposed  to  the  disease.  If  the  cartilage  becomes 
inflamed  from  any  cause,  it  is  very  apt  to  change  to  bone.  Seen 
most  in  draft  horses,  but  causes  more  trouble  when  on  drivers. 

Sytnptoms. — The  quarters  are  enlarged  upward  from  the 
hoof,  hard  as  bone,  and  inelastic.  In  heavy  horses  there  is  no 
lameness  if  case  is  not  severe,  but  if  so,  there  will  be  lameness. 
In  light  horses,  the  lameness  will  be  the  first  symptom,  followed 
by  enlargc;ment.     The  rapid  driving  produces  pain  and  lameness. 

Trkatmknt. — 

Give  the  animal  rest.  Bathe  the  feet  in  cold  water  by  apply- 
ing cold  water  bandages,  or  stand  in  a  tub  of  cold  water.  When 
3orciis;ss  is  out,  paint  with  Tincturi;  of  Iodine  several  tiaes  doily, 


'ffi^^-i:^- 


I 


"i 


TIIK  i'KACTlCAU  STOCK  DOCTOR 


iJ*: 


or  use  the  Iodine  Oiiiltnent  as  recoiiimeiided  under  "Al)sccsses." 
Should  this  not  cure,  apply  a  blister,  u>in>;  tlie  Spanish  Klj- and 
IJiniodide  u{  Mereury.      (Sec  "To  F.lister,"  page  257). 

I?nl  httle  attention  is  paid  to  side  hones  in  the  draft  horse, 
unle^s  tliey  are  large,  hut  in  the  driver  they  are  looked  uixm 
with  great  disfavor.  Apt  to  cause  lameness  when  horse  is  put 
to  liard  roading. 

RING-BONE.— Ring-V)onc  is  the  growth  of  a  bony  tumor 
around  the  upper  or  the  lower  jiastern  joints.  It  is  the  result  of 
an  inllainniation  set  up  in  some  of  the  structures  of  the  jouit 
between  the  large  and  small  pastern  bones.  Sometimes  between 
the  small  pastern  and  coOin  bone. 

Cd/tsi's.- \Mows.  sprains,  overwork  in  young,  undeveloped 
animals,  fast  work  on  the  road;  allowing  the  hoofs  of  colts  to 
grow  too  long,  or  colts  to  follow  tlie  mare  when  at  w(jrk,  are 
among  the  principal  exciting  c.iuses.  Road  horses  with  short, 
iij.right  pasterns  are  apt  to  have  the  disease,  and  a  long,  sloping 
pastern  in  the  draft  horse  is  predisposed  to  it.  Too  high  calks, 
or  too  great  a  shortening  of  the  toe  and  corresi^nding  high  heels, 
when  shoeing,  predispose  to  this  disease.  The  predisposition  to 
the  di.sease  is  hereditary. 

Syiiif>(onis. — Lameness,  more  or  less  acute,  is  the  first  .symp- 
l<(ni.  Besides  the  lameness,  there  is  more  or  less  heat  in 
alTected  limb,  with  fnin.  though  limited,  swelling  of  the  deeper 
tissues  over  seat  of  inilanuuatory  process.  When  in  fore  leg  the 
heel  is  placed  first  on  the  groun<l,  a  long  step  being  taken  with 
the  lame  leg,  and  tlie  pastern  being  kept  as  rigid  as  possible.  In 
hind  leg,  with  ring-bone,  the  toe  strikes  the  groinul  first,  taking 
a  shorter  step  with  the  lame  leg,  and  i)astern  is  kept  rigid.  -If 
bony  growth  is  under  frf)nt  tendon  of  hind  leg,  or  if  it  involves 
the  coffin  joint,  the  heel  is  brought  to  ground  first.  It  is  not 
always  easy  to  diagnose  ring-bone  at  first— not  until  deposit  has 
reached  a  size  where  it  can  be  seen  and  felt.  The  lameness  is 
worse  on  hard  ground,  and  exerci.se  makes  worse,  especially  if 
ring-bone  is  in  front.  When  the  joint  between  the  two  pastern 
bones  is  afTected— high  ring-bone,  as  it  is  called— the  enlargement 
will  appear  just  above  the  hoof;  when   it  ailccis  joint  between 


A  :■! 


•,«•:•** 


iVi  t- 


m 


V 


^•'' 


i)isi;asi:s  ov  thh  iioksic 


Mi.all  pasicni  aiul  coffin  Ikjiics,  it  is  called  low  ring-lx)nc,  and 
can-^cs  the  upiK-r  i>art  of  the  h<M)f  to  1)nlgc.  Low  ring-bone  is  not 
met  with  nearly  as  often  as  liigh,  hut  is  more  serious  when  it  does 
occur.  In  examining  to  detect  the  enlargement  when  it  first 
commences,  compare  carefully  with  the  other  limb,  also  wet  the 
hair  of  iMith  pasterns;  this  will  make  the  cidargement  more  dis- 
tinct, and  if  inflammation  is  present,  the  lame  limb  will  dry  of! 
more  (luickly.  The  enlargement  may  eventually  l)econie  very 
large,  or  remain  rather  small;  it  may  be  evenly  distributed  around 
the  joint,  of  l>e  larger  at  one  iKjint.  The  enlargement  is  spoken 
of  as  an  exostosis. 

False  ring-lxmes  are  lx)ny  enlargements,  which  sometimes 
apj-Kjar  nix>n  the  large  pastern,  alxjve  where  true  ring-l)one  ap- 
l>cars;  they  do  not  affect  any  joint,  or  cause  lameness;  simply  an 
cx(>st<jsis  upon  the  bone.  Treatment  as  for  "Kxostosis  of  Lower 
Jaw." 

Tkiiatmknt. — 

After  the  inflammation  starts,  or  in  other  words,  the  ring- 
l.nne  commences,  it  cannot  bi>  stopi)ed  until  the  two  bone.s  have 
grown  together;  this  is  always  the  ultimate  result— the  tones  grow 
together,  the  joint  l>eing  obliterated.  When  this  is  accomplished, 
the  horse  will  travel  sound,  although  the  blemish  will  remain 
throughout  life.  The  treatment  then  is  to  simply  hasten  the 
growii'g  together  of  thel>ones  (ancliylosis,  as  it  is  called),  and  this 
is  done  by  blistering  or  firing  (burning  with  a  hot  iron).  The 
l)li^tcr  may  have  to  l>e  repeated  a  number  of  times,  at  intervals, 
of  from  one  to  two  months.  It  is  much  easier  to  overcome  a 
liiij;  lume  behind  than  in  front.  Keep  the  animal  quiet  during 
treatment,  and  apply  the  blister  to  tlie  front  and  side  of  the  entire 
pastern.  With  obstinate  cases  the  horse  is  sometimes  nerved, 
but  it  shoidd  be  a  last  resort;  this  and  firing  should  be  left  to  a 
veterinarian.     To  apply  the  blister,  see  "  To  Blister." 

King-boned  lK)rses  should  not  be  used  for  breeding. 

TO  BLISTER.— Blistering  is  a  line  of  treatment  frequently 
used  for  various  reasons;  in  case  of  ring-bones,  spavins,  splints, 
etc.,  it  is  used  to  hasten  the  growing  together  of  the  lones;  in 
case  of  ;::;!urgemeiits,  to  help  hasten  their  removal;  In   case  of 

IT 


!3S 


Tin-:  I'KACTICAI.  STUCK  DuCTuk 


straiiib  ol' nuisiii  .^  and  li).',;i'iKiiis  to  hlitiailale  tin.-  n-jviiriiiv.  j.m 
ccs-s,  or  lo  iLiUKVu  iKcj)  uillaiiiuuiliDUS.  The  \iiliif  nl  a  hli^lci 
ilcj)tml>  iii«)ii  the  iiiliaiiimalioii  which  the  irnlatin^;  siil>star.ccs  ol 
whith  it  is  coiiijHjscd  set  up.  With  >niin.-  llu  iuflanituatioii  is 
lar;,'L'l>'  Mij)crficial  aiul  answiTs  lur  itrtaiii  iiurji<iM.s;  many  of  tlic 
strong  liniiuciils  have  this  t.fTcil  Olhtr  sul)slancts  set  uj)  tlnpi-r 
tiiflainiiiatii)ii,  which  is  tuiiiircil  with  i.uiiic  ili^onlers,  as  fur  riii^- 
Lioiics  ami  .si>>iviiis. 

Tlie  two  sul)stanccs  iiinsl  cuiiiiiioiily  Uhcd  in  niakin>;  blisUrs 
arc  Spani>li  Fly,  or  Canthuri(K-s,  a  [)iiKLTizfil  insect,  and  Hinio- 
didc  of  Mcicnrv.  Tnrncntiiu-,  some  of  tlic  acids,  and  i>thcr  sub- 
stances are  at  times  used.  The  following  are  two  bli-^lers  whii-h 
will  answer  very  nicely: 

No.  I  SjiaiiiNli  I'ly J  fir  ^  ilrachma. 

I.aid I  .juntc. 

.1/(1. 

No.  2  Siiain-.li  I'ly ..  2  or   \  ilrachms 

I'.iiiioiliili- of  Mcrrury ,..  .    I  rlraihtii. 

I.iiril 7  oiiiites. 

No.  2  is  ])cst  for  lioiij  disordcisand  where  ciilarijements  i.  c 
to  be  removed.     No.  i  will  an>wer  fur  sprains  or  strains. 

The  more  th<;ron,i4hly  a  blister  is  rublied  in,  the  more  iiiflai.i 
mation  will  il  set  np  and  the  deeper  the  inllainmalion  prodiicni 

To  Apply  a  Blister.  The  application  of  a  lilistci  is  ti.t 
same,  no  matter  where  applied,  b'irsl  clip  the  hair  from  the  part 
to  which  it  is  to  be  applied,  and  brush  vigorously  with  a  stitT 
brush  to  remove  the  dandruff,  dirt,  and  open  jHjres;  then  apply 
some  (jf  the  blister  and  rub  il  in,  apply  more  and  rub  that  in,  in 
this  way  give  the  pari  a  liberal  application  and  nil)  ff^r  some  ten 
minutes.  Wash  the  blister  from  the  hand  as  soon  as  the  applica- 
tion is  completed.  Now  tie  the  hor.se  so  lie  cannot  lie  down,  by 
tyin;j  hi.<;h.  No  matter  where  the  l)lister  is  applied,  do  not  let 
the  animal  lie  down  nnu'l  after  it  is  washed  -^'IT,  for  if  he  does  he 
will  get  it  onto  other  parts  of  the  body  or  rub  the  part;  also  tic 
so  he  cannot  rub  the  part  or  get  his  mouth  to  it;  if  on  the  r>'ai 
limbs,  tie  up  the  tail.  The  blister  is  left  on  for  from  twenty  four 
to  thirty-six  hnnrs;  when  the  ilesiretl  resjilt  is  obtained,  the  jxirt 


^mm 


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i  ^-: 


I' 


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Soiirtd  finrh 


CtiTfil  spafi/v_ 


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■  ^pai'in 


lioxi:  si'.wix. 


^S 


DISI'ASl'vS  OF  Tin-   HORSli 


2SiJ 


will  t)(j  (juitc  badly  swollen,  the  stub  hairs  will  stand  erect,  and 
the  part  will  be  covered  with  little  blisters,  which  have  broken 
and  arc  discharging  a  yellowish  colored  fluid;  the  discharv,e 
should  be  ([uite  free  if  a  go(xl  strong  blistering  is  wished.  If  the 
desired  effect  is  produced  in  twenty-four  hours,  the  blister  can  be 
washed  off;  if  not,  itcau  be  left  thirtj-six,  and  if  it  is  not  producing 
as  much  inflaniniatiou  as  wished,  a  little  more  of  the  blister  can 
\)c  rubbed  in  and  left  longer.  No  absolute  rule  can  be  given  as 
to  the  amoinit  of  the  blister  to  use,  or  the  length  of  time  to  leave 
it  on,  as  some  horses  blister  nuich  easier  than  others.  In  washing 
oil.  use  warm,  soft  water  and  soap,  rubbing  as  little  as  |X)Ssible; 
when  the  blister  is  all  off,  dry  the  part  by  pressing  a  clean,  dry 
cloth  against  it,  and  then  grease  freely  with  melted  lard;  ajiply 
the  lard  once  a  day  tnitil  the  inflannnation  has  all  subsided  and 
the  new  hair  has  come  iu.  Do  not  wash  the  part  but  seldom; 
after  the  first  time,  need  not  wash  at  all,  but  keep  the  discliar.!.je 
from  drying  and  forming  a  scab  by  the  free  nse  of  lard.  Care- 
lessness in  this  is  what  produces  the  unsightly  blemishes.  A 
very  severe  blister,  if  properly  caretl  for  after  it  is  washed  oil, 
will  not  blemish.  After  the  blister  is  washed  off,  tie  the  horse  so 
he  can  lie  down,  but  so  he  camiot  rub  the  part  or  get  at  it  with 
his  teeth.  In  the  nmjority  of  ca.ses  after  blistering,  the  animal 
should  be  kept  (juiet.  The  same  part  should  not  be  re-blistered 
oftener  than  once  in  a  month  or  six  weeks.  It  will  require  from 
three  to  four  weeks  for  all  the  inflammation  to  subside  after  a 
severe  Ijlistering.  If  the  part  should  swell  too  extensively  after 
a  severe  blistering,  apply  the  grease  freely  and  give  internally  a 
large  teaspoonf  ul  of  Saltpeter,  three  times  a  day  for  three  or  four 
days,  and  if  this  does  not  correct,  apply  cold  or  hot  fomentations. 

There  are  a  number  of  blistering  preparations  on  the  market, 
of  varying  compositions,  \\lien  these  are  used,  follow  the  direc- 
tiotis. 

Firing  produces  its  effect  the  same  as  blistering,  it  simply 
being  more  severe,  selling  up  a  deeper  and  more  severe  inflam- 
mation.    Should  be  the  last  resort. 

BONE  SPAVIN. — Bone  spavin  is  the  name  given  to  dis- 
ease of  the  hock  joint,  iu  which  there  is  intlammatiou  of   its 


if  S^^^^^^H 

IIH 

^^IH 

'^^^^^^^H 

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I  1' 


2^0  y 


Tin-   PRACTlCxM,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


structures,  which  results  iu  a  growing  together  of  the  small  Iwnes 
of  the  hock,  and  the  throwing  out  around  the  joint  of  aiore  or 
less  tony  growth— exostosis.  This  generally  shows  most  on  the 
lower  inner  aspect  of  the  joint,  hut  may  show  at  other  places. 
The  exostosis  varies  greatly  in  amount.  When  the  spavin  forms 
no  enlargement,  it  is  called  an  "Occult  Spavin." 

Causes. — As  in  ring-bone,  the  predisposition  to  spavin  may 
be  handed  down  in  breeding,  and  horses  with  this  disease  should 
not  be  j)nt  to  breeding  purposes.  It  may  be  caused  by  sprains, 
brui.ses  of  the  joint  by  kicking,  jumping,  running,  or  by  hard 
work  and  fast  driving.  In  fact  anything  that  seriously  injures  the 
hock  joint  may  form  a  bone  spavin.  Small,  fine  hocks,  those  that 
are  too  straight  or  too  much  bent,  (cow  hocks),  and  hocks  which 
tlrop  o<T  quickly  below,  are  ver>  apt  to  become  affected  if  put  to  a 
severe  test. 

Symptoms. — Horse  will  step  shorter  and  .-.trike  tlie  toe  first 
in  putting  down  the  foot;  will  be  noticed  as  lame,  sometimes 
very  bad,  when  first  starting  olT  after  standing  for  a  time,  or  over 
iiight,  l)Ut  when  well  warmed  up  in  traveling  will  go  all  righ< ,  or 
at  least  better,  as  exertion  causes  secretion  of  the  synovial  fluid 
(joint  oil),  which  lubricates  the  joint,  and  the  horse  is  comfort- 
able until  joint  gets  dry  by  rest.  If  there  is  an  enlargement,  ii 
will  be  more  or  less  easily  seen;  if  an  occult  .spavin,  there  is  no 
'enlargement,  but  oidy  heat  and  soreness.  At  first,  enlargement 
.'nay  be  slight,  but  as  disease  advances  it  will  liecome  larger,  and 
will  extend  more  or  less,  involving  the  Ixjiies  of  the  hock.  Theie 
is  a  j)ecnliar  hop  to  the  gait,  the  hock  being  carried  as  stifily  as 
possible.  A  good  test  for  the  occult  form  is  to  rest  the  hor.se  for 
a  lialf  hour  after  warming  him  up,  then  take  the  toe  of  the  lame 
leg  in  the  left  hand  and  raise  it  as  high  as  possible  to  flex  the 
hock  joint;  hold  it  there  for  two  or  three  miiuites,  then  drop  it 
and  rush  the  horse  on  a  smart  trot;  if  sjiavin,  he  will  go  off  on 
three  legs  and  bring  the  toe  down  wlien  he  gets  warmed  up  agani. 
In  a  long-standing  case  the  muscles  of  the  hip  on  the  afflicted 
side  will  waste  away  from  not  being  projx^rly  used,  after  a  time, 
but  this  must  not  be  allowed  to  nn'slead.  Animal  will  sometimes 
show  his  lameness  much  more  in  going  through  deep  mud  or  snow. 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSE 


261 


In  examining  for  the  enlargement  when  it  is  small,  wet  both 
hocks  with  water,  stand  the  horse  squarely  on  all  four  feet,  tie 
up  the  tail,  and  then,  sitting  down  in  front  of  Uie  horse,  look 
between  the  front  legs  and  carefully  compare  the  two  joints  by 
casting  the  eyes  quickly  from  one  to  the  other.  Also  compare 
catefully  bv  feeling  of  both  hocks.  If  l)olh  hocks  are  affected  at 
the  same  time,  which  is  rare,  the  horse  will  take  short,  stilty  steps 
with  the  hind  legs,  acting  much  as  though  lame  in  the  small  of 
the  back.     The  test  will  help  diagnose  these  cases. 

Treatment.— 

As  with  ring-bone,  treatment  consists  in  hastening  the  grow- 
ing together  of  the  tones  of  the  hock;  the  anchylosis  cannot  be 
-topped,  but  when  completed,  if  confined  to  the  joints  between 
:he  small  bones  (see  "Anatomy  of  Hock),  the  animal  will  travel 
piactically  sound;  if  the  inflammation  extends,  however,  to  the 
joint  between  the  large  bone  of  the  hock  and  the  bone  above— the 
tibia— anchylosis  will  be  imi)ossible  and  the  lameness   incurable. 
As  with  ring-bone,  the  treatment  consists  01  repeated  blistering; 
use  the  Spanish   Fly  and    Biniodide  of    Mercury   blister;  apply 
blister  to  tlie  whole  hock,  extending  it  a  little  above  and  below; 
keep  horse  quiet  during  tieatment;    rei^eat   blister  once  in  six 
weeks  or  two  months,  until  two  or  three  blisters  have  lieen  applied, 
then  let  go  for  three  01   four  months  and  then  blister  again  if 
necessary.     If  blistering  fails,  firing  may  be  effectual  (see  "To 
Blister,"  under  "Ringlwne,"  for  the  blister,  and  how  to  apply 
it).     Put  a  high-heeled  shoe  on  the  foot  of  the  affected  limb. 
The  cutting  of  a  tendon  which  crosses  the  hock  will,  in  some 
cases,  prove  beneficial      It  would  need  a  veterinarian   for  the 
operation. 


.    I 


ifi2 


Tin-;  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


H 


WOUNDS  AND  THRIR  TREATMENT 


If^^i 


Wounds  ar\     I  dilTcreiit  knuL  ami  arc  classed  as  follows: 
INCISED    WOUNDS.     An    incised    wound    is   a   wound 

made  with  sonic  sharji  lx>dy.     The  edges  are  snioolli,  as  though 

cut  with  a  knife 

PUNCTURED  WOUNDS, -Arc  those  produced  by  the 
penetration  cf  a  sharp  oi  blunt-iK.inted  body,  as  a  thorn,  fork, 
nad,  snag,  etc.,  and  the  orifice  of  these  are  small  in  proportion  to 
tlieir  depth.  These  arc  very  coinnion  woiuids  in  veterinary 
practice. 

LACERATED  WOUNDS.  Arc  wounds  where  the  flesh 
is  both  cut  and  torn,  as  in  a  case  where  one  horse  kick.s  another, 
barlj  wire  cuts,  etc. 

CONTUSED  WOUNDS.— Are  those  where  the  skin  is 
not  broken,  but  the  tissues  beneath  arc  very  much  bruised,  as 
from  blows  ol  various  s(;rts 

GENERAL  TREATMENT    FOR  ALL  KINDS   OF 

WOUNDS, — Wfitnids  arc  conniion,and  in  most  cases  have  to  be 
liealed,  at  least  for  the  first  dressing,  at  home  by  those  who  hap- 
pen to  lie  upon  the  premises,  owing  to  the  urgency  of  the  situa- 
tion. Bleeding  is  often  profuse,  and  when  stitches  are  needed  it 
is  best  to  put  them  in  when  the  wound  is  fresh,  f.ir  not  only  is 
the  stitching  more  jiainful  and  less  successful  when  postponed, 
but  after  swelling  and  suppuration  have  begun,  it  is  ii-eless,  for 
the  edges  will  not  unite  and  the  stitches  tear  out,  adding  to  the 
sorene-ss  and  blemishing  that  follow.  When  the  skin  .-iiid  flesh 
are  laid  open  by  cuts,  calks,  kicks,  or  in  any  v.ay,  tlu;  first  thing 
to  do  is  to  stop  the  bleeiling.  Tlie  blood  ot  the  arteries  is  bright 
S'.-ai  !i.-1,  and  that  of  the  veins  a  daik  blue  or  purple  coiur.  When 
an  artery  is  cut,  apply  the  bandage  above  the  wound  toward  the 
heart,  to  cm  ofi^  supply  eoming  down  \\'hen  a  vein  is  cut  apply 
iiie  compj ess  iiciow  till.   WuUliil,  lot    iue   '.eiu:^  (.oiiduet   the  bioo.i 


,r!-| 


iv,«  ■•:*» 


DISH  ASKS  OF  THK  HORSE 263 

tf.wards  the  heart.  The  ccnnpress  may  be  a  cork  bound  on 
the  artery  or  vein,  or  a  wad  of  cotton,  or  a  piece  of  dry  sponge 
with  a  hnndage  wound  over  it  tightly.  If  where  a  bandage  can- 
not  be  used,  tlie  arteries  or  veins  cut,  nnist  be  taken  up  and  tied. 
\  fine  pair  ..f  nippers  can  he  used  to  catch  the  end,  which  must 
then  be  tied  with  a  piece  of  silk.  In  many  cases  the  bleed  ng 
may  be  stopped  with  Monsel's  solution  of  Iron,  with  Tincture  of 
Iron,  or  a  solution  of  Copperas  .applied  to  the  wounc  with  a 
feather.  Clean  cotton  batting,  dusted  with  flour,  can  be  bound 
into  the  wound  for  a  time  ;  never  use  cobwebs  or  other  dusty  or 
ilirtv  material. 

If    tlie   bleeding   is   not   severe,  flush   out   the  wound   thor- 
ontrhly,  first  with  dean  water,  then  with  Carlwlic  Acid  lotion: 

Carbolic  .\'-u\ 'A  ""'"-e- 

Water I   P'"*- 

Use  a  syringe  to  flush  out  with  ,  a  bulb  syringe  is  the  best. 
If  tliere  are  any  ragged  pieces  of  tissue  within  the  wound,  cut 
them  off  with  a  sharp  knife  or  a  pair  of  scissors  and  sew  up  the 
uound  at  once,  using  a  pood,  strong  needle  and  silk  thread, 
doubled  to  prevent  tearing  out.  Make  stitches  one-half  to  three- 
(|uarters  of  an  inch  apart,  and  tie  enchone  before  taking  another. 
If  wound  is  large,  put  stitches  in  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from 
edge  of  wound,  and  same  depth.  Bring  the  edges  of  the  wound 
just  together,  leaving  opening  at  bottom  for  drainage.  Clip  off 
hair  from  edges  of  wound,  so  that  none  will  be  doubletl  under, 
and  bathe  with  the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion.  If  the  wound  is  on  the 
leg  it  is  best  to  draw  the  edges  together,  even  if  they  tear  out, 
and  using  the  lotion,  bandage  over  wound  just  tight  enough  to 
hold  the  parts  in  place.  When  it  begins  to  suppurate,  wash  with 
water,  apply  Carbolic  lotion  and  bandage  as  before,  but  so  as  to 

let   discharge  escape.     When  stitclies    slough,   cut    them    out. 

When  wound  is  filled   nearly  to  the  surface  with  flesh,  change 

!i)tion  to:  „        .     . 

WHITE  LOTION 

Sulphate  of  Zinc 6  drachms. 

Sugarof  Lead i  ounce. 

Water i  pi»t- 

Mix  and  shake  well  toj^tiiifr. 


64 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


h 


( 

1 

1 

p 

itiii 


Apply  and  leave  off  bandage.  If  wound  is  where  it  cannot 
be  bandaged,  use  Cnrbolic  lotion  until  flesh  nearly  fills  up 
wound,  then  change  to  White  Lotion.  If  bone  beguis  to  ulcerate, 
treat  as  in  that  affection,  and  if  joint  is  affected,  treat  as  under 
"Open  Joint." 

Special  line?  of  treatment  for  different  wounds  will  be  given 
in  connection  with  the  discussion  of  that  particular  woimd. 

MODES  OF  HEALING  WOUNDS.-Wouuds  heal  by 
two  methods ; 

ist.         Healing  by  First  Intention. 

2nd.       Healing  by  Second  Intention. 

The  first  is  where  the  edges  of  the  wound  are  brought  to- 
gether and  they  unite  without  any  pus  formation— rarely  get  it 
with  the  lower  animals. 

The  second  is  where  the  edges  do  not  unite  directly,  but 
separate  a  little,  and  the  space  between  is  filled  in  with  new  tissue, 
which  forms  the  scar;  with  this  method  there  is  more  or  less  dis- 
:harge.  With  the  second  method,  the  wound  should  be  kept 
flushed  out  with  Carbolic  lotion.  In  all  cases  horses  should  be 
kept  as  quiet  as  {xjssihle,  fed  on  soft  food  to  keep  bowels  tree, 
and  if  there  is  a  thickening  after  the  wound  has  healed,  apply 
the  Iodine  Ointment,  as  recommended  under  'Abscesses." 

INFLAMMATION  OF  A  WOUND.  -  This  generally 
follows  a  deep  i)unctnred  wound,  i)nt  may  cx?cur  with  other 
kinds.  The  cause  is  generally  due  to  germs;  the  wound  was  not 
kept  clean,  or  the  discharges  could  not  escape. 

Sj'm/>/0Ms.—The  wound  becomes  very  nuich  swollen,  red  and 
tender,  and  the  animal  may  be  fiverish  and  in  pain;  if  the  wound 
is  large,  the  discliarges  from  tlie  wound  will  Ijc  offensive,  and 
more  or  less  l)lootly  and  watery  looking. 

Tkkatment. — 

Keep  horse  quiet  and  comfortable,  and  give  a  teaspoonful  of 
Saltpeter  in  soft  feed  three  times  a  day,  usmg  soft  food,  along 
with  a  pint  of  Oil,  every  day  or  two,  to  keep  bowels  free.  Bathe 
t.K-  wound  three  times  a  day,  fur  v.u  hour  or  more,  with  hoi  water. 


i-^ 


DISKASKS  OF  THIC  HORSK 


265 


or  wrap  the  part  in  a  clean  blanket,  and  keep  this  wet  in  hot 
water;  or  poultice.  Use  freely  the  lotions,  as  directed  in  "General 
Treatment  of  Wounds." 

BLOOD-POISON.— This  may  arise  from  a  wound  being 
treated  with  dirty  hands,  or  from  the  use  of  rusty  or  dirty 
instruments,  or  from  the  pus  not  being  allowed  to  escape,  or 
where  animal  is  in  dirty  place;  an  animal  in  poor  condition  is 
more  susceptible. 

Symptoius.— The  wound  liecomes  inflamed,  sore  and  red, 
begins  to  swell  and  fester,  and  sores  are  likely  to  form  on  any 
part  of  the  body,  which  fester  and  break.  The  animal  becomes 
dull,  and  weak,  pulse  rapid  and  hard,  temperature  rises,  appetite 
l(«t,  and  unless  condition  is  overcome,  death  results. 

Trkatment. — 

Is  local  and  internal.  First,  enlarge  the  wound,  if  necessary, 
so  as  to  get  free  escape  of  pus,  and  flush  out  freely  with  Carbolic 
Acid  lotion— Carbolic  Acid,  lYz  ounces;  water,  i  quart;  repeat 
three  times  a  day.  Bathe  the  wound  with  hot  water  for  an  hour 
three  times  a  day,  and  poultice  between  bathings.  Give  nourish- 
ing, but  laxative  food;  bran,  scalded  oats,  a  handful  or  two  of 
LmseeU  meal,  and  hay.  Give  a  clean,  well-ventilated  stable. 
Give  the  following: 

Fluid  Kxtract  of  Belladonna 6  drachms. 

Fluid  Extract  Colchicum  Seed ;<  ounce. 

Fluid  Ivxtract  Digitalis '/z      " 

Alcohol 5  ounces. 

Saltjieti-r 2  ounces. 

Water  to  make i  P»nt- 

Dose:    Two  ounces,  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Also  give,  as  one  dose,  three  or  four  times  a  day : 

Tincture  of  Iron jounce. 

Quinine 'A  drachm. 

Water %  pint. 

Alternate  these  doses  with  the  doses  of  the 
foregoing  mixture. 

Ounce  doses  of  Hyposulphite  of  Soda  in  J^  pint  of  water,  three 
times  a  day ,  are  also  of  value. 

If  abscesses  form  in  other  parts  of  the  body,  open  and  treat 
accordmgly. 


-i 


r  i 


a66 


THIJ  I'RACTICAI.  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


•1'* 


DISEASES  AND  INJURIES  OF  THE  HEAD, 
NECK,  SHOULDERS,  BODY  AND  HIPS. 


m%n    ■     >• 


FRACTURE  OF  THE  SKULL.— 

Causes. — The  skull  is  sometimes  fractured  by  blows,  bruises, 
kicks,  collisions  in  runaways,  etc. 

S}M/>fa»is.—Bti^\de  the  external  marks  of  injury,  there  will 
\k  either  stupor  or  delirium  from  the  pressure  on   the  brain,  and 
more  or  less  fever  may  follow.     Later,  accumulation  of  serum  in 
the  brain  cavities,  with  delirium,  convulsions  and  death. 
Trkat.mknt. — 

Get  a  veterinariau  if  jxDSsible,  to  raise,  or  trephine,  and  remove 
the  ixjrtion  of  hone  that  is  broken,  and  likely  to  cause  pressure 
on  the  brain.  Keep  wound  clean  and  treat  as  a  simple  wound.  As 
a  preventive  against  inflammation  of  the  brain,  give  the  follow- 
ing: 

Fluid  Kxtract  Aconite  Root i  .Irachuj. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna i  ounce. 

Saltpeter 2  ounces. 

Water ,  pim, 

Ji/i.v,  and  gi\  e  2  ounces,  three  times  a  day. 

Apply  chopped  ice  and  bran  poultices  to  the  head  continu- 
ously for  several  days  and  nights.  If  he  gets  better,  it  will  be  in 
three  or  four  days,  but  if  fever  rises  and  delirium  increases,  it 
will  probably  terminate  fatally  in  from  three  to  six  days.  (See 
"Inflammation  of  Brain.") 

POLL-EVIL. — Poll-evil  is  a  fistulous  sore,  affecting  the 
bones  of  the  neck  near  the  top  of  the  head  or  poll.  Not  so  com- 
mon as  formerly,  when  stable  ceilings  were  lower. 

Causes. — Chafing  by  a  heavy  halter  or  bridle;  blows  on  the 
head  from  the  butt  of  a  whip;  from  horse  striking  his  head  against 
a  low  ceiling,  a  low  doorway,  or  on  the  roof  of  a  car  while  in 
transit.     Rearing  and  falling  backward  may  eause  it. 


^M 


DISHASES  OF  THH  HORSE 


867 


Symptcmts. — There  is  first  swelling  and  soreness,  and  the 
liorse  carries  his  head  stiffly,  for  it  hurts  him  to  move  that  part  of 
the  neck.  Suppuration  sets  in;  the  pus  breaks  out  on  the  top 
like  any  abscess,  but  burrows  down  toward  the  lM)nes  at  the  same 
time,  which,  when  the  disease  is  long-standing,  become  diseased. 
There  is  a  flow  of  pus, which  runs  down  the  sides  oi  the  neck;  if 
from  the  muscle,  it  has  a  strong,  disagreeable  odor,  but  when 
bones  are  involved,  the  odor  is  still  more  offensive,  as  in  "Caries." 
The  pus  burrows,  forming  channels,  sometimes  in  a  number  of 
directions. 


Tkkatment. — 

If  taken  at  the  outset,  the  treatment  is  comparatively  simple. 
Remove  the  cause,  and  bathe  the  parts  well  with  hot  water  twice 
a  day,  and  after  each  bathing  apply  the  "White  Lotion,"  and 
keep  the  horse  quiet,  feedi.ig  him  out  of  a  high  manger,  to 
keep  parts  as  quiet  as  ix)ssible.  In  case  there  is  an  abscess,  but 
no  channels  yet  formed,  open  it  at  lowest  point,  so  as  to  let  all 
matter  escape,  using  treatment  as  for  "Abscesses."  When 
channels  or  sinuses  are  formed,  they  nmst  be  opened  up,  and  a 
free  dependent  opening  made  for  the  pus.  It  is  more  difBcult  to 
do  this  in  poll-evil,  than  in  other  cases;  but  the  sinuses  usually 
run  down  into  the  muscles  of  the  neck  more  or  less.  Follow 
and  open  them  up  freely;  then,  there  being  free  connection  be- 
tween the  toj)  and  bottom  of  the  sinuses,  wash  out  thoroughly, 
and  inject  with  Carbolic  lotion,  repeating  twice  a  day.  Inject 
a  little  Tincture  of  Iodine  into  the  channels  once  in  two  or  three 
days.     If  the  bones  are  affected,  treat  as  for  "  Caries." 

In  addition  to  local  treatment,  the  horse  should  have  a  physic 
gi\en  at  the  first,  and  be  given  i  teaspoonful  powdered  Saltpeter 
three  times  a  day  in  his  feed 

INJURIES  TO  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  NECK.— 

Caiiscs.—Vrom  pulling  back  on  the  halter,  from  getting  cast 
in  the  stall,  or  in  some  cases  from  having  been  bitten  by  another 
^orse. 

Symptams. — There  is  stiffness  of  the  neck,  and  swelling  and 
soreness  of  parts.     In  some  cases  the  neck  is  carried  to  one  side. 


iv 


if   I 


:^..s 


PHI'   I'KACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


fhv 


Tkkatmknt.   - 

H.itlu-  tlic  parts  with  hot  water  tlirce  times  a  day,  and  aftt-r 
wipiiiK  dry  apply  White  I.otion,  contitniiug  treatment  until 
■\\\  soreness  .ind  swelHng  is  gouc.  In  case  an  abscess  forms,  treat 
as  for  "Ahscesses." 


■if. 

I  i 


FRACTURES  OF  THE  BONES  OF  THE  NECK. 

C(i//s,i.~Vnnn  iaWiu^  on  tlie  liead  in  a  runaway,  or  from 
stumhliiij;;  junipinj;  a  hijj;h  fenex-  and  striking  on  the  head  might 
cause  it,  or  it  miglit  liappen  in  throwing  an  animal. 

.Sjw/i/,iw,,.  -If  fracture  causes  the  bones  to  press  on  spinal 
cord,  death  m;iy  occur  at  onco  by  the  stopping  of  the  action  of 
the  heart.  If  there  is  only  a  piece  from  one  of  the  bones,  there 
will  Ik;  .soreners  in  the  part  and  the  iiorse  will  carry  his  heail  to 
the  side  the  fracture  is  ou.  Any  attempt  to  straighten  the  neck 
gives  a  spasm  of  pain. 

Tki;at.mk.nt. — 

Keep  the  horse  as  quiet  as  i)ossible,  and  feed  him  out  of  a 
high  manger.  Bathe  the  part  well  with  hot  water  three  limes  a 
day,  wipe  dry  and  apply  a  strong  liniment  each  time  after  bathitig, 
and  the  Iwnes  after  a  time  will  unite.  If  it  does  not  heal,  an 
abscess  will  form,  then  oi)en,  remove  the  broken  bone  and 
treat  as  an  abscess. 

FISTULOUS  WITHERS.-This  disease  resembles  iwll- 
evil  and  takes  its  n.une  from  the  location  on  the  withers. 

Causes. — Are  often  caused  by  bad  fitting  collars  and  saddles; 
by  direct  injuries  from  blows;  from  the  horse  rolling  upon  rough 
(jr  sharp  stones,  or  a  bite  from  another  horse.  Fistulous  withers 
are  mostly  seen  in  horses  that  have  thick  necks,  and  those  that 
are  very  high  in  the  withers;  or,  among  saddle  horses,  those  that 
are  very  low  on  the  withers,  t!ie  saddle  riding  forward  and  bruis- 
ini;  the  parts.  Under  these  conditions,  simple  abscesses,  if  not 
treated  in  time,  may  become  fistulae.  The  pus  burrows  and  finds 
lodgment  deep  down  between  the  muscles,  and  only  escajwjs  when 
sinus  becomes  surcharged,  or  during  motion  of  parts,  when  mat- 
ter Is  squeezed  out. 


DISi: ASKS  OK  THR  HORSE 


269 


Symptoms.— P^i  first  we  may  .lotice  soreness  or  stiffness  f.f 
the  front  legs,  and  uix)ii  examination  of  the  withers,  we  find 
small,  crooked  lines-superficial  lymphatics-running  from  the 
point  of  irritation  downward  and  backward  over  the  shoulder 
region.  In  a  day  or  so  there  is  swellitiK  on  one  or  both  sides  of  the 
dorsal  vertebrae;  hot,  painful  and  rapidly  growing.  Pain  may  now 
grow  Ics^.  stiffness  disapi)ear,  but  swelling  increases.  It  fluctu- 
ates on  pressure,  and  either  o\ycm  up,  or  its  contents  thickens, 
dries  up.  leaving  a  tumor  that  gradually  develops  the  characteris- 
tics  of  a  fibroid  tumor.  When  cidargement  is  open,  the  cavity 
should  be  examined,  aii  on  Us  condition  deixjuds  the  treatment. 

Trkatmknt.— 

In  earliest  stages,  when  sore,  but  with  no  marked  swel'.ing, 
the  trouble  may  be  fre-iuently  cut  short.  Give  both  general  and 
local  treatment.  Give  a  physic  of  i  ounce  of  Aloes  or  Yx  jwund 
of  Ivpsom  Salts;  also  give  i  teasixionfid  of  ix)wdered  Saltpeter 
three  times  daily  i"  the  feed.  Locally  foment  the  parts  with  hot 
or   cold   water  n   hour  at   a  tim",   three  tunes  daily,  and 

npply    "White   I      ion,"    or   liniment  as   for    "Lymphangitis." 
Wlien  formation  ot  pus  is  evident,  hasten  it  by  t'      -i^"  of  poul- 
tices, and  as  sotm  as  fluctuation  can  be  plai"l>  n  the 
abscess  wall  at  its  lowest  p<jint,  so  that  the  pus  will  esc.         .  fast 
as  formed.    Probe,  to  be  sure  that  i  'ere  are  no  pockets  or  sinuses 
to  hold  pus,  or  the  work  will  not  be  well  done.    Then  keep  orifice 
open  and  treat  as  for  "  Poll-Evil."     If  the  absceas  has  existed  for 
some  lime  and  has  not  oiK-ned,  the  walls  thickened,  pus  also  thick, 
then,  after  opening  has  been  made,  contents  washed  and  wjueezed 
out,  the  thickened  walls  must  be  .sloughed  out  with  caustics.     A 
very  good  and  safe  method  is  to  tie  together  a  number  of  small 
balls  of  cotton  batting,  leaving  the  string  on  the  last  from  four  to 
six  inches  long;  saturate  these  with  Tincture  of  Iodine  ar.d  pack 
the  sinuses  with  them,  leaving  the  string  hanging  out.     After 
iweuty-four  hours,  remove  by  pulling  on  the  string;  keep  flushed 
out  with  Carbolic  Acid  lotion  and  repeat  the  Iodine  treatment  as 
occasion  requires.     There  must  be  a  dependent  opening  for  each 
s5jiti&      This  is  sometimes  best  made  by  opening  tlie  sinus  np 
jrcey,  and  again  by  jsasaing  a  seton  needle  asd  tape  horn  the 


370 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


m  'h 


bottom  of  the  sinus  to  the  outside,  leaving  the  tape  in.  Gocxl 
judgmtnt  is  needed  in  treating  these  cases;  as  no  two  are  just 
alike,  n:>  fixed  rules  can  l)e  kIwii.  If  the  spines  of  ilif  vertt-hrae 
l)c-comeafT^cta!.  \vc  jjet  s>  mptonis..f  •CarK-s,"  and  trca.nieiit  will 
tK  iieeiled  as  for  that  trouble.  If  the  sinuses  work  down  hack  of 
the  shoulder  blade,  the  treatment  is  still  more  difllculf .  Whenever 
l)ossible,  this  trouble  should  be  treated  by  a  veterinarian,  as  so 
many  varying  conditions  arise,  that  experience  i.s  needed  to  kniAV 
iiow  to  meet  them. 

SWEENY  -SHOULDER  SLIP.  Sweeny  is  wasting  of 
the  niu-cles  of  the  shoulder  blade,  leaving  the  spine  on  the  blade 
e.\iK)sed  the  whole  leii-th,  with  deep  hollows  on  each  side.  It  is 
often  imagiiicd  and  treated  for,  when  the  cause  of  lameness  is 
very  remote.     It  is  most  common  among  young  horses. 

Ciittsrs.—ln  plowing,  when  the  plow  strikes  stones  or  roots, 
causing  sudden  jerks  on  the  siioulder;  by  a  blow  from  the  wagoii 
tongue  when  passing  over  olistrnctions,  by  falling  and  bruising 
shoulder;  and  by  ill-fitting,  especiallv  large,  collars,  and  tineven 
draft. 

.S>w/>/w//f.— Injury  will  be  followed  by  a  slight  swelling  an<l 
soreness  of  the  part,  and  afterward  by  the  wasting  away  of  the 
injured  muscles.  In  some  cases  the  horse  is  not  very  lame,  but 
goes  a  little  stiff.  The  wastin-  may  be  contlned  to  the  miisele 
in  front  of  the  .spine,  or  to  the  o'l.  back  of  it.  or  l)oth  may  be 
affected.  The  pain  comes  in  lifting  the  lind),  and  so  the  animal 
swings  it;  it  is  <lifliridt  for  the  iiorsi-  to  step  over  obstacles.  To 
test:  iiold  a  foot  plank  on  edge  and  lead  the  horse  over  it. 
Coni]);ire  lioth  shoulders  carefully  by  standing  directly  in  front 
of  the  horse,  close  to  his  lieail,  and  casting  the  eyes  quickly  from 
one  side  to  the  other.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  mistake  a 
poorly  muscled  condition  of  the  shoulder  for  sweeny 

TrEATMIiNT.— 

If  there  is  lameness,  j^ive  r-st.  In  early  stage,  if  shoulder 
is  swollen,  apply  cold  fomentations,  fasten  a  folded  blauKet  over 
the  part  and  keep  it  wet  with  cold  water;  fo'low  this  with  the 
application  r^f  n  gn..!  liniment.    If  ^var;tinK  of  the  muscks,  liberal 


^**W^ 


Mm 


DISK  ASKS  OK  THE  HORSE rn 

hand-rubbiiig  with  a  gfXKl  liniment  is  needed.     It  is  well  to  use 

:i  small  piece  of  stick  or  a  coni-cob  for  rubbing.     A  very  good 

I'tiimeut  is  the  following: 

Si'.ip  I.itiinicnt ^ 4  ouncei. 

'f iirjifiiline  » 

Strong  .\(iiia  Anittionid a      " 

Tlic  part  needs  to  In;  kept  just  slightly  irritftte<l  with  the  rubbing 
and  liniment;  if  it  Kt-ts  toosorc,  willihold  liniment  for  a  few  days. 
If  this  fails  to  restore  the  muscles,  a  Spanish  Fly  blister  can  be 
applied.  See  '  'To  Ulister , ' '  page  257.  A  seton  is  also  used  to  reStort 
the  musciw..;  this  is  a  piece  of  tain.-,  'A  inch  wide,  introduced  with  a 
large  needle  just  underneath  the  skin,  entering  at  the  top,  and 
coming  out  at  the  lK>ttom  of  the  wasted  portion.  The  tape  should 
l)c  left  long  encniKli  to  be  worked  up  and  down  each  day,  and  a 
piece  of  leather  tied  in  each  end,  so  it  caimot  work  out.  Leave 
the  seton  in  a  month  or  six  weeks.  The  effect  of  all  these  treat- 
ments is  the  same,  .liffering  only  i"  degree— setting  npintlamma- 
ti(ju,  which  stinndates  the  restoration  of  the  nujscles. 

SCALDED,  OR  GALLED  SHOULDERS.— 

r«//.v<.?.— Wounds  of  this  kind  are  quite  common  during 
spring  i>lowinK,  <>r  from  ill-fitling  collars  at  any  time  of  the  year. 
Collars  loo  lari;e  or  too  small  may  lie  the  cause.  The  horse,  on 
account  of  J)eing  fed  scantily,  and  ]Kihaps  doing  little,  is  soft  and 
sweats  easily,  and  if  collar  and  shoulders  are  not  attended  to, 
galls  and  abrasions  result. 

Pn'2r>i/ion.-^vv  that  the  collar  fits  well;  that  the  draft  is 
distributed  evenly  o\-er  the  whole  sttrf.ice;  that  the  shoulder  sur- 
face of  the  collar  is  kept  ckan;  to  keep  ck-.ui,  wiiie  off  when  first 
removed  from  the  horse.  When  horses  are  at  work,  raise  the 
collars  at  resting  spells  and  let  the  air  under  them;  keep  the 
mane  out  from  under  collar,  and  remove  the  collar  at  noon  for  the 
shoulders  to  dry  olT.  Al  night  bathe  shoulders  with  cold  water, 
and  afterward  bathe  with  White  Oaii  Bark  tea,  or  White 
Lotion  (page  ^63),  to  toughen  the  skin. 

Trej^tmhnt. — 

If  the  bruise  is  severe,  with  considerable  inflammation  and 
swelling,  give  rest  and  lt>iiicni  with  cold  watcf  by  foatemng  a 


i-T 


.1 


'  3  r     .   i 

■<5       Si 


IliJu  .= 


272 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


folded  blanket  over  the  part  and  keeping  it  wet  with  cold  water, 
re-applying  the  water  every  half  hour;  nUn  batlu-  well  hrce  times 
a  day  with  White  Lotion.  (Si.e  "Treatment  of  Woimds.") 
Keep  up  treatment  until  swelling  is  all  -one,  and  then  when  jnit 
to  work,  place  a  pad  on  the  collar  citlur  above  or  below  the 
injured  part,  so  as  to  remove  the  pressure  from  it  for  a  few  days. 
Drop  the  i)ressure  back  gradually,  by  removing  the  pad  by  layers. 
If  the  bruised  part  does  not  swell,  but  forms  a  raw  sore  instead, 
remove  the  pressure  with  the  pad  and  use  the  White  Lotion 
freely.  The  shoulders  should  be  examined  carefully  each  time 
the  collar  is  removed  and  treatment  began  at  first  indication  of 
irritation. 

At  times,  dusting  onto  the  sores  of  the  shoulder,  a  powder 
composed  of  eciual  parts  of  Sulphur,  Oxide  of  Zinc  and  Sub- 
nitrate  of  Bismuth,  or  one  composed  of  equal  part:;  of  Sulphur, 
Oxide  of  Zinc,  and  air  slaked  Lime,  will  cause  them  to  dry  up  and 
heal  nicely. 

BRUISES  OF  THE  SHOULDER.- Horses'  shoulders 
are  quite  subject  to  bruises  in  various  wa\s.  A  swelling  appears 
around  the  bruised  part  soon  after  the  injury,  and  on  examina- 
tion it  is  found  to  contain  water  or  serum. 

Treatment. — 

At  fir.-.t  foment  with  cold  water,  as  in  preceding  trouble,  and 
when  the  serum  forms,  open  and  treat  as  an  absceijs.  See 
"Abscesses." 

SHOULDER  JOINT  LAMENESS.-Xot  very  common, 
but  sometimes  occurs,  and  the  seat  of  the  trouble  is  u.sually  where 
the  large  muscle  of  the  shoulder  passes  down  through  the  pulley- 
shaped  part  of  the  bone  on  the  front  of  the  shoulder  joint,  or  the 
joint  itself  may  be  affected. 

Causes. ~A  severe  strain  of  the  part,  which  is  often  caused 
by  the  horse  being  cast  in  the  stall;  from  going  through  deep 
snow;  from  falling;  from  the  kick  of  another  horse,  or  any  severe 
blow;  and  sometimes  irom  rheumatism  settling  in  the  joint 

Symptotns. — When   horse  is  walking  he  will   swing  the  leg 

and  rarrv  f>if  liw  i^l,,i;,.  ♦,%  t1,o  rr^<>i,.,-i.  ,.,.,,.  ,i;n:.„.n  r._i.:.-,  ,      ., 
.-;..  . ^.Oitii(.i,  vLij  M:i:it.uii  lui  ii;:;l  lu  :)!.(J2; 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


273 


over  obstacles  (see  ' ' Sweeny  " ) .  Gets  worse  with  exercise;  worse 
on  soft  ground;  stumbles.  In  standing  he  will  bring  the  foot 
well  under  him,  resting  on  the  toe,  and  allowin;,^  llie  knee  to  bend 
forward;  this  is  to  give  the  shoulder  a  rest.  Horse  will  flinch 
from  soreness  if  shoulder  point  is  pinched. 

Trkatmknt.- 

In  all  cases  of  shoulder  joint  lameness,  long  rest  is  needed, 
and  where  there  is  lieat,  swellint,  and  soreness  to  touch,  apply  either 
hot  or  cold  fomentations  by  applying  a  heavy  folded  blanket  to 
the  part  and  keeping  it  wet  with  hot  or  cold  water,  re-applying  the 
water  every  half  hour.  Apply  for  three  or  four  hours  each  day, 
or  continuously,  and  rub  well  with  some  good  liniment. 

After  the  acute  inflammation  subsides,  discontinue  the  fomen- 
tations and  use  the  liniment,  or  the  blister,  if  necessary,  as  m 
"Sweeny."  Longand  perfect  rest  is  very  important  in  connection 
with  the  treatment. 


SORE  BACK  AND  SADDLE  GALLS.— 

Causfs.— From  badly-fitting  saddles,  when  used  any  length 
of  time;  from  saddle  sitting  too  far  forward;  from  wearhig  a 
saddle  when  not  accustomed  to  it.  The  back  gets  bruised, 
scalded  with  sweat,  chafed  with  saddle,  and  skin  rubs  o£E  in 
places,  leaving  raw  sores.  This  applies  to  breast  plate,  or  to 
harness  saddle,  as  well  as  to  riding  saddle. 

Trk.vtmknt. — 

Remove  cause  and  treat  as  "Scalded,  or  Galled  Shoulders." 

CHRONIC  SORES  ON  BACK  OR  SHOULDERS.— 

Ca?tses.~Vrom  neglecting  sores  on  shoulders  and  on  back. 
The  sores  show  no  tenaency  to  heal  and  keep  raw. 

Tre.vtment.— 

Keep  the  horse  from  work.  Cauterize  the  sores  with  Lunar 
Caustic,  Tincture  of  Iodine,  or  Sulphate  of  Zinc;  afterwards  using 
rerneflies  as  in  "  Scalded,  or  Galled  Shoulders," 


If 

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274 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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Sn  -FASTS  ON  BACK  AND  SHOULDERS.-These 

are  large,  calloused,  tutnor-like  lumps  on  the  back,  as  the  result 
of  saddle  galls;  or  on  the  points  of  the  shoulderb,  from  collar 
galls. 

Ge/^Tf.^-By  continuing  the  horse  at  work  after  the  parts  are 
galled,  without  removing  pressure  or  giving  proper  treatment. 

Tkkatmk.n-t.— 

If  small,  they  can  sometimes  be  removed  by  the  long-con- 
tinued  use  of   Iodine  Ointment.     See   "Abscesses."     If  larger, 
will  liave  to  be  removed  by  cutting  out.    If  possible,  get  a  veteri' 
narian  for  the  operation.     To  remove,   make  a  vertical  incision 
through  the  skin  over  the  center  of  the  turn,      then  dissect  the 
skin  from  the  tumor,  and  the  tumor  from  the  muscles  underneath. 
After  the  tumor  is  removed  cut  a  narrow  strio  from  each  edge  of 
the  cut  in  the  skin,  so  that  when  it  is  sewed  up  the  skin  will  lie 
close  to  the  muscles;    then  sew  up  the  cut  in   the  skin  nearly  to 
the  bottom,  leaving  opening  for  drainage.     See  "  Treatment  of 
Wounds."     The  next  dav  inject  into  tlie  wound  a  little  Tincture 
of    Iodine,  and   repeat   the   injection   every   three  or  four  days 
treating  as  for  "Absces.ses."     If,  after  the  wound  heals,  there  is 
a  little  thickenin-  left,  use  the  Iodine  Ointment.   By  clipping  the 
liair  horn  over  llie  tumor,  and  rul)1)ing  the  skin  well  with  a  ten 
per  cent,  solnlion  of  Cocaine,  using  al)out  ]/>  ounce,  and  w-iting 
about  fifteen  minutes,  most  of  the  i)ain  of  the  oiKration  ran  b? 
prtAented.     See  "Local  Anrestheties,"  pas^e  :;}7. 

The  horse  nuist  be  given  a  long  rest",  the  part  thoroi.ghls 
healed,  and  care  used  when  put  to  work  again,  or  tht-  trouble  will 
return. 

CRAMPS  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  NECK 
AND  LOINS-CKORDES.-This  disease  is  of  a  rheumatic 
nature,  and  is  most  connuon  in  spring,  fall,  and  winter. 

r.7;/.vf.f.^I.;yp  jsure  to  cold  and  damp  by  sleeping  out  on  the 
ground  in  wet,  told  weatlier. 

Symptoms.  -  There  is  swelling  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck 
and   loins.  teiuU-rness  on   pressure,  neck   twisted    aror.nJ    !-  o!?c 


K^ 


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DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


275 


side,  and  is  stiff,  so  that  the  horse  cannot  eat  from  the  ground. 
The  animal  under  these  conditions  is  stiff  and  sore  all  over. 

Tkeatmknt. — 

Apply  cloths  wrung  out  in  hot  water,  and  laid  on  the  sore 
nuisdes.  Keep  horse  in  a  warm,  dry  place,  blanket  warmly. 
Give  the  followini;: 

Fhiiil  Kxtract  of  Colchicuni  Seed 'i  ounce. 

SaltjK'ter 2  ounces. 

Water  t)  make i  pint. 

Shake.     Dose,  2  ounces  in  grain,  three  times 
a  tlaj-. 

Feed  on  a  laxative  diet,  with  small  dose  of  Oil,  or  Epsom 

Salts. 

SPRAIN  OF  THE  BACK.- 

Causes. — By  slips,  or  falls,  or  by  having  heavy  objects  fall 
on  the  animal's  back.  The  ligaments,  and  sometimes  the  cover- 
ings to  the  spinal  cord  are  involved,  and  though  these  are 
amenable  to  treatment,  the  recovery  is  often  slow. 

S}'//ipfo»is. —SpTciin  of  the  back  is  diagno.sed  by  pressing  the 
thumb  and  finger  along  the  spine,  and  by  throwing  the  weight 
suddenly  on  the  tender  spot,  when  pain  will  lie  evinced.  If, 
while  in  action,  the  animal  is  made  suddenly  to  halt,  pain  is 
shown  by  back  arching,  or  bending  sidevvise,  and,  perhaps,  legs 
throv.n  under  the  body,  as  though  unable  to  perform  their  office 
in  stopping. 

Tki:at.mi:nt.— 

Clip  oif  the  hair  along  the  spine  and  apply  a  Fly  blister, 
made  by  mixing  yi  omice  of  Cantliarides  in  2  ounces  of  lard. 
Smear  the  blistei  once  daih'  with  lard  or  w^K-line,  and  repeat 
'he  treatment,  if  nccessarj-.     dive  a  long  rest  ai.d  run  in  pasture. 

BROKEN  BACK.— Tlie  back  is  sometimes  broken  by  the 
fall  of  heavy  objects,  as  snow  or  ice  falling  from  roofs;  from  falls 
through  traps  or  holes;  or  from  being  cast  for  an  operation. 

Symp/o»n.~\i  the  spinous  processes  otdy  are  lnuken,  there 
will  not  l)e  much  change  in  outward  appearance;  but  the  snap- 
"insr  or  crackintj  that  is  noticed  in  fractures  will  be  present,  and 


i'Hi: 


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276 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


there  will  probably  be  some  change  in  the  straight  outline  of  the 
back.  If  the  back  is  broken  so  as  to  press  upon  the  spinal  cord 
it  will  cut  ofT  all  sensation  and  power  of  motion  fnmi  all  parts 
back  of  fractnre.  Prick  the  tail  or  any  part  back  of  injury  with 
a  pin;  if  there  is  no  sensation,  the  back  is  injured  and  spinal  cord 
pressed  uixjn.  When  there  is  only  nniscnlar  strain, -while  there 
is  inability  to  move  the  hind  lej^s,  tliere  will  lie  sensati(jn  and 
ability  to  move  the  tail  when  i)ricked  with  a  pin. 

Treatmknt. — ■ 

If  spinous  processes  only  are  fractured,  horse  will  get  well. 
Put  him  into  slings  it  he  can  stand  when  raised.  If  not,  leave 
him  on  the  floor,  fcr  he  will  be  more  comfortable  unless  he  can 
bear  most  of  his  weight  when  raised.  Apply  cold  water  cloths  to 
fracture,  and  bathe  with  a  ;  d  liniment.  After  active  inflam- 
mation has  subsided,  stop  tht  '  old  water  and  just  give  the  horse 
time,  allowing  nature  to  m^nd  the  fracture.  If  any  of  the 
broken  pieces  do  not  reunite  and  contiiuie  to  act  as  irritants,  an 
abscess  will  form,  and  when  it  is  soft  and  nearly  ready  to  break, 
o|)en  enough  to  admit  finger  and  take  out  pieces.  Treat  after- 
wards as  for  "Al)scesses."  If  back  is  absolutely  broken,  so  that 
th.ere  is  displacement,  loss  of  power  in  hind  parts,  and  sensation, 
the  horse  should  be  killed  to  save  suffering. 

BROKEN  RIBS.— 

Cttust's. —By  failing,  colliding  with  trees,  or  walls  while  run- 
ning away:  from  kicks  from  another  horse,  etc. 

Syvipto7>is.—li  with  no  displacement,  there  will  be  no  exter- 
nal change  in  appearance,  and  a  diagnosis  must  be  based  on  rapid 
breathing,  breath  l)eing  cool;  and  effort  to  raise  the  flanks  to 
avoid  working  the  ribs  in  breathing,  forming  a  crease  along  the 
sides  of  the  bellN-;  tniwillingness  to  move;  and  upon  the  horse 
jK-rsistently  standing. 

If  displacement  takes  place  there  will  be  eitner  a  bulging  in  or 
out  according  to  wheth  r  the  ends  are  tipped  in  or  out,  but 
usually  in,  leaving  a  hollow  over  the  break,  and  puncturing  the 
pleura,  in  which  case  the   symptoms   will  be  aggravated;  more 


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pain  aTJu  periifipr;  suuic  :;iecu; 


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DISKAS!:S  OF  THl-  HORSE 


277 


appetite  for  a  day  or  two,  and  more  or  less  fever,  according  to 
amount  of  injury  done  to  chest  and  contents.  The  injury  to  the 
pleura  will  cause  localized  pleurisy,  which  ma-  become  general, 
and  if  the  lining  itself  is  injured,  iuflaunnation  of  it  may  occur. 

Treatment.— 

Put  horse  in  a  box  stall  and  foment  the  injurv  with  hot  water 
by  holding  a  blanket  against  it  with  a  surcingle.  Watch  the 
symptoms  for  pleurisy,  and  if  symptoms  of  it  appear,  treat  as  for 
that  disorder.     See  "Pleurisy." 

Should  there  be  bleeding,  treat  as  prescriljed  for  under  that 
head.  Give  perfect  rest  until  horse  is  able  and  willing  to  take 
gentle  exercise,  which  will  be  in  four  or  fivi-  weeks.  Two  months 
should  elapse  before  horse  is  put  to  work.  Feed  on  easily 
digested  laxative  diet,  bran,  scalded  oats.  Linseed  meal,  hay  or 
grass,  if  in  season. 

INJURIES  TO  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  BELLY— 

Causes.-  Sonietimes  from  something  that  turns  up  and 
catches  the  muscles,  from  the  hook  of  a  cow,  or  from  the  kick  of 
another  horse. 

Tkkatment.- 

If  a  lacerated  wound,  treat  as  directed  in  "Wounds"  of  that 
class.  If  a  puncture,  examine  to  .see  that  there  is  nothing 
remaining  in  the  wound,  then  treat  as  for  that  class  of  wounds. 
If  severe  enough  to  allow  thu  bowels  to  come  out,  the  case  is 
serious.  If  out  so  that  horse  has  trampled  on  them,  there  is 
nothing  to  do  but  destroy  the  horse,  but  if  not  out  much,  and  are 
not  injured  or  blackened,  throw  and  secure  animal,  wash  bowels 
gently  by  pouring  tepid  water  over  them,  and  then  a  weak 
Carlxilic  solution  (Carbolic  Acid,  li  ounce;  water,  i  quart), 
and  push  them  back  in  place;  then  stitch  up  wound  and  loathe, 
afterward  applying  lotions  as  for  wounds.  If  opening  is  large,  a 
l>andagc  should  be  put  around  the  body  to  help  support  the 
stitches.  Keep  horse  quiet  and  feed  on  soft  feed  till  wound 
heals.     With  some  animals  a  twist  on  the  upi^er  lip  may  cor  rol 


so  that  It  will  not  be  necessary 


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f78 TIIH  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

STAKED.    -This  is   not  an  uncommon  occurrence  amono 
horses. 

<:«/..NW.-From  jumping  fences  an,!  get  ling  caught  on  stakes 
from  runnn.g  against  stakes  in  tlie  fiJci.  or  from  injury  bv 
implement  iiandles. 

Treat.mknt. — 

Pull  the  stake  out,  if  still  sticking  in  the  wound,  and  examine 
carefully  to  see  that  there  are  no  pieces  of  wood  left  in  the  wound 
There  is  not  usually  nuich  bleeding  in  such  cases  unless  the 
stake  hapiK'us  to  strike  a  large  vessel,  but  should  there  be,  and  the 
vessc-1  cannot  be  tied,  plug  the  hole  with  cotton  batting  and 
leave  it  m  for  twenty-four  hours.  Then  remove  and  treat  as  for 
pimctured  wounds.  Keep  horse  (luiet  until  wound  begins  to 
heal,  and  feed  soft  food  to  keep  bowels  free. 

HIPPED.— This  is  a  term  applied  where  the  iKjint  of  the 
hij)  Ixjiie  is  knocked  down. 

Gi«.sr.s-.— From  running  through  a  narrow  doorway  and 
striking  the  sides;  from  falling  on  the  ha.d  ground,  or  from  any 
uijury  that  will  beak  off  a  piece  of  the  hip  bone. 

Tkk.xt.mknt. — 

Make  the  horse  as  comfortal)le  as  possi])le,  and  apply  hot 
fomentations  by  means  of  blankets  wrung  jut  of  hot  water  and 
then  use  the  following  liniment; 

Tincture  Arnica .  ounces. 

Tincture  Opi.un _, 

Aqua  .\ninionia ^      << 

VVatertomake i  nint 

Mix  and  apply  twice  or  tlirue  dajiy   until 
the  swelling  and  soreness  is  gc^c. 

In  case  the  hip  swells  and  festers  arcaud  a  piece  of  bone  that  will 
not  reunite,  open  and  remove  it,  treating  the  same  as  for  an 
abscess.  Animal  will  remain  one-sided,  and  will  in  some  cases  go 
that  way,  but  will  be  as  useful  for  common  work. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  ILIUM.-The  ilium  is  sometimes 
fractured  at  its  .small  part,  just  in  front  of  the  hip  joint. 


DIBKASKS  OK  THK  HORv^E 


279 


Causes. — Slipping,  falling,  sudden  turning,  etc. 

Symptoms. — There  will  be  great  lameness,  animal  scarcely 
toucliing  the  foot  to  the  ground,  and  if  fracture  of  *his  bone  is 
the  cause,  by  examining,  through  the  rectum,  the  side  of  the 
j)elvic  cavity,  the  broken  condition  can  be  recognized,  especially 
if  bones  are  displaced. 

Tkkatment. — 

If  acti%-e  and  high-strung,  keep  the  horse  on  his  feet  for  a 
day  or  two,  by  tying  his  head  up;  llien  place  in  slings.  If  this  is 
done  at  first,  the  struggles  of  the  animal  will  be  apt  to  displace 
the  bones.  If  the  animal  is  quiet,  put  him  in  a  sling  at  once. 
The  bones  cannot  be  got  at  to  set;  so  all  thai  can  be  done  is  to 
let  nature  do  the  work.  P'eed  soft  food  to  keep  towels  in  order, 
and  give  a  long  rest,  two  to  six  months,  to  allow  union  of  bones. 
The  muscles  of  the  hip  will  waste  away  more  or  less,  but  will  fill  up 
again  when  the  horse  is  able  to  exercise.  If  they  do  not  fill  in, 
give  treatment  as  for  "Sweeiij'." 

In  the  uniting  of  the  lx)ne,  more  or  less  l>ony  material  will  be 
thrown  out,  forming  a  bony  tumor,  and  if  the  animal  is  a  mare, 
liefore  breeding  her  an  examination  should  be  had  to  see  that  it 
will  not  interfere  with  parturition. 

FALLING  AWAY  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  HIPS 
AFTER  FOALING.— 

Causes.~^y  mare  throwing  herself;  by  striking  against  some- 
thing, and  bruising  the  muscles. 

Syviptoms. — The  animal  will  be  noticed  as  stiff  and  sore  after 
foaling,  and  hi  a  few  days  there  will  be  a  falling  away  of  the  m- 
jured  parts. 

Trr.\tment. — 

Let  the  mare  run  out  and  treat  the  wasted  muscles  as  for 
"  Sweeny,"  using  liniment  first,  and  if  this  is  not  suificient,  apply 
a  blister. 

SORE  TAIL  FROM  THE  CRUPPER. 

Causes. — From  reining  horse  t  o  high,  drawing  crupper  too 
tight,  or  from  accumulation  of  filth  on  the  crupp-er,  etc. 


2  So 


Till-   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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Treatment.— 

Leave  off  crupper  for  a  few  days,  ami  if  not  clean,  see  that 
It  is  cleaned  and  kept  .so.  Slack  the  rein  if  from  that  cause. 
Treat  wound  as  in  "Scalded,  or  Galled  Shoulders." 

FRACTURE  OF  BONES  OF  THE  TAIL.— 

r,?//.sw.— Usually  from  rearing  up  and  tailing  back  on  the 
haunches.     Xot  common. 

Tki;\tmi;xt. — 

Keep  animal  quiet,  and  if  in  Hy  season,  cover  animal  <^r.  liiat 
the  tail  will  not  he  kept  m  n.otion.  If  swollen,  apply  cold  fomen- 
tations and  White  Lotion  (page  263)  until  swelling  is  gone 
H.mdage  moderately  tight  and  leave  it  on  a  few  days  at  a  time 
while  the  boues  are  uniting.  Keep  horse  quiet  until  the  bones 
unite. 

HIP. JOINT  LAMENESS.  -This  is  a  .sprain  of  the  round 
ligament  of  the  hip  joint. 

CaNsrs. -From  stepping  on  a  rolling  stone  that  turns  and 
throws  the  leg  forward;  from  slij^ping  on  the  ice.  or  from  falling 
and  striking  on  the  hip. 

^w//c;w.y.-Hor^.e  steps  shorten  affected  side,  and  in  trot- 
ting, ever  J-  time  the  leg  is  raised  Me  hip  is  also  raised,  he  gets 
worse  with  exercise.  When  mnle  o  stand  around  with  the  hind 
hmbs,  keeping  the  front  nearly  stationary,  the  same  as  he  steps 
over  in  the  stall,  he  will  be  found  to  be  much  lamer  when  step- 
ping towards  the  side  of  the  lame  leg.  The  muscles  of  the  hip 
waste  away  soon  after  the  lameness  apj^ears. 

TkK.ATMK.VT. — 

If  a  long-standing  ca.se  and  the  joint  is  diseased,  it  is  prob- 
ably incurable,  but  if  taken  in  time,  animal  may  he  cured  by 
keeping  him  quiet  and  fomenting  the  lame  part  with  hot  or  cold 
water,  by  placing  a  folded  blanket  over  the  part  and  keeping  it 
wet;  also  use  the  liniment  as  in  "vShoulder  Joint  Lameness." 
When  soreness  and  swelling  are  out,  blister  (see  "To  Blister," 
P'lge  257).  Repeat  blister  in  a  month  or  six  weeks  if  necessary 
Put  the  horse  in  a  sling  if  he  does  not  lie  do.vu. 


-  J 


^f> 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


28  r 


SPRAIN  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  HIP.-This 

t.s,  perhaps,  more  common  than  hip-joint  lameness. 

Causes. — By  slipping  while  pulling  a  heavy  load;  from  slip- 
ping by  being  pulled  up  too  suddenly;  by  falling;  by  getting  up, 
etc. 

Symptoms. — There  is  swelling  and  soreness  of  the  muscles; 
great  difficulty  in  bringing  the  leg  forward  if  those  on  the  front 
of  the  leg  are  strained ;  dislikes  very  much  to  pull  if  those  on  the 
lop  and  back  of  the  hip  are  strained.  When  standing,  horse  does 
not  always  rest  the  leg,  and  only  shows  the  lameness  when  in 
•jilion.  If  one  stands  directly  behind  the  animal,  the  swelling  is 
more  noticeable. 

Treat.ment.— 

Keep  animal  quiet;  bathe  well  with  hot  water,  three  times 
daily,  or  apply  hot  blanket;  after  bathing,  wipe  dry  and  rub  the 
parts  well  with  the  lir.imciit  found  in  "Shoulder  Joint  Lameness," 
follow  with  blistering,  if  necessarj'.  (See  "To  Bli.ster,"  page 
257.)    Give  rest  tuitil  thoroughly  recovered. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  FRONT  AND 
HIND  LEGS 


CAPPED  ELBOW  -SHOE-BOIL.— This  Is  an  enlarge- 
ment at  the  jx)int  of  the  elbow. 

Causes. — From  laying  the  point  of  the  elbow  on  the  hard 
floor,  or  from  lying  down,  so  that  the  elbow-point  rests  on  the 
slioe;  or  from  wearing  a  heav>'  belly-band  en  the  harness  that 
rubs  the  elbow;  or  by  bruising  the  elbow  against  the  floor  in 
springing  to  get  up. 

Sytnptoins. — At  first  a  scurfy  wTinkled  appearance  Indicates 
the  danger,  and  if  cause  is  not  removed,  it  goes  on  growing  day 
by  day,  until  a  large  tumor  is  developed.  Sometimes  a  large,  hot 
swelling  iJicy  fonu  in  c  few  days,  very  sore  to  touch,  which  is  not 


li  J 


♦ 

:1 


I 


li.: 


282 


THI-:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  IXJCTUK 


usually  the  case  with  those  of  a  slow  growth.  The  enlargenitiu 
i^  generally  covered  with  hair,  but  s<Jinetimes  it  is  raw,  and  hai- 
a  proud-flcbh-like  growth,  hence  the  name  "shoc-boiJ." 

Trkatmknt.— 

If  caused  by  the  shoe,  have  hira  shod  with  a  short-heeled 
shoe  and  for  a  time  ptit  a  large  pad  on  the  leg,  so  that  shoe  can. 
not  strike  the  part.  When  hot,  sore,  and  of  short  duration,  givo 
tile  liorse  a  laxative  of  i !  j  to  2  pints  Linsee<l  oil;  bathe  the  parts 
with  hot  water,  or  ai)ply  a  iHjultice  until  liquid  collects;  as  soon 
as  this  is  detected,  open  at  lowest  p<Mnt  and  treat  as  for  "Ab 
scess,"  Inject  with  Tincture  of  I'Kline,  and  if  any  enlargement 
is  kit,  u.se  the  loiline  Ointment.  If  no  pus  forms,  continue 
fomenting  until  inflammatio)!  subsides,  and  then  use  the  Iodine 
Ointment.  If  the  tumor  is  solid,  like  those  that  occur  on  tlu 
shoulders,  it  is  best  to  (lisscK't  them  out.  See  discussion  umLr 
'  'Sit- Fasts  on  Back  and  jMiouliK  rs."  If  a  blocxl- vessel  should  be  cut 
during  the  operation,  pick  it  up  and  ligate.  See  "Treatment  of 
Wounds."  After  the  Itnnor  is  removed,  treat  as  an  abscess, 
using  the  Iodine  Ointment  to  remove  the  thickening  that  is  left. 
Sometimes,  if  tlie  tunic:  is  not  too  large  where  it  joins  the  leg — 
not  over  two  or  three  iiulies  through— a  string  may  lie  tied  tight 
around  it,  over  skin  and  all,  close  to  the  let;;  this  cuts  oil  the  circu- 
lation, and  the  tumor  sloughs  in  from  two  to  three  weeks.  Tighteu 
the  string  occasionally.  After  the  tumor  sloughs,  treat  the  raw 
spot  as  an  ordinary  sore  and  it  soon  closes  in.  This  method  causes 
extensive  swelling,  and  pain. 

,  With  any  of  the  treatments,  the  horse  nnu^  l)e  kept  standing 
until  wound  has  healed 

Nailing  a  two-inch  plank,  which  is  from  eight  inches  to  a 
foot  wide,  across  the  stall  a  little  back  of  where  the  front  feet 
stand,  will  act  as  a  preventive  against  the  return  of  the  trouble; 
in  lying  down,  the  under  side  of  the  chest  strikes  against  the 
plank  r.nd  raises  llie  Iwdy  a  little,  preventing  the  bruising  of  the 
elb<..vvs. 

FRACTURES.- 

r«/^?i-5.— Fractures  with  horses  may  arise  from  numberless 
wayS;  but  the  principal  causes,  perhaps,  are  those  of  running 


THE  SLING  IN  U8B. 


I 


I 


\: 


1! 


r 

16 


I 


ff  IIP  f 


Jii 


i\\,i>-  an<!  fnlliiiv;,  or  iiiIIidiiiR ;  l)tiiip  kicked  t)N'  other  animal'*; 
^cttiiiy  a  liiiili  iliiiiiij'li  a  hole  in  tin-  slahlc  lloor,  or  thron^li  a 
l.ritl>;c,  ctt. 

I-'rai  tiirts  are  <!ivi<!e<l  into  the  following  classes:  Simple, 
wluti  nolluiij;  clsi-  is  broken  hnf  tlie  lione;  conij>oun(l,  when  the 
luis  oi  tile  hill. I  ,  pierce  Ihrongh  the  flesh  and  skin;  complex, 
wlien  the  t'one  i-  shritterL-d  in  many  pieces,  aii<l  one  or  more 
piirk  thronuh;  tiaiisverse,  when  the  Ujue  hreal:s  straight  rcross; 
i)Mi<|ue,  when  hone  is  l)rj>ken  in  a  slantinj^  direction;  preen— tick, 
when  h'tnt  hieaks  as  a  i^TL-cn  stick,  splitting,  iK-nding,  and 
iwistin^,  withoMt  i)reaking  directly  off.  Hones  may  Ik.- cracked 
or  hroken  without  disi>l:icenient.  Tlnnes  of  old  liorses  are  uituii 
more  subject  to  breaks  than  those  of  yonng  ones. 

Sjj>//'/(>i/L\.  When  a  fracture  is  suspected,  manipulate  with 
the  hand  am!  listen,  and  if  grating  of  ends  of  Ixanes  is  heard,  the 
symptom  is  nnniistakable.  Great  lameness  always  accompanies 
fracture,  be  it  ever  so  slight.  When  the  l)one  is  only  cracked, 
there  will  be  great  l.mnness,  with  few,  if  any,  conclusive  symjv 
loniM  to  indicate  a  ]n\  ak,  but  by  careful  examination  a  sore  place 
can  be  felt;  hor>e  will  not  bear  weight  on  the  limb,  and  lifts  often 
:< .  though  in  great  jxiin.  In  all  casis  there  will  be  a  rise  in  the 
I'ulse  and  respiration  from  the  nervous  shock  and  pain,  more  or 
less  inflammation  follows,  and  the  tenipc-rature  will  be  rai.sed  a 
Httle.  In  time,  if  not  relieved,  all  symptoms  increa.se,  the  nostrils 
dil.atc,  the  face  hK)ks  haggard  and  anxious,  the  eyes  sunken, 
the  injured  limb  swells,  becomes  hot,  and  in  all  fatal  ca.ses,  when 
milannnation  reaches  its  height,  mortification  begins  and  extends 
loward  the  Inxly,  wlien  death  is  only  a  question  of  hours.  The 
part  gets  cold  and  clauunj',  a  {x-culiar,  ofTensive  sweat  aj)jKars, 
tile  skin,  if  white,  .gets  purplish,  but  if  black,  discoloration  can- 
not be  .seen.     Tain  ceases  when  mortification  sets  in 


TUI'AT.MKNT  — 

Treatment  is  rarely  practical  except  with  young,  or  valuable 
animals.  If  a  fracture  of  the  cannon,  arm,  thigh,  femur,  shoulder 
or  back,  it  is  fatal  in  mo;-.f  all  cases,  if  disjilaceiuent  takes  place, 
.111(1  is}H.tially  so  if  a  oonipot'"d  (<r  complex  fracture.  If  it  is  a 
paia!     .  ■  <'i   aii  jari-   b'.Ml:  of   fr.actnre  will 


ir.i.iurt.  i.-i  lilt,  i':u  k, 


J84 


Till-    rRACTlCAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


u: 


ciisuo.     Ill  many  oi  llie  above  iiista 


be-  killed.      If   I  he   I 


lu.vs  the  horse  might  as  well 


\' 


ior>e  Could  be  kejit  quiet   many  of  the  cases 
iiiiKht  1)0  siieixssfully  tieate<l,  but   witli   the  swinging  of  «!ie  leg, 
and  moving  ab.nif,  the  Ixuies  will  not  knit.      If  it  is  the  sliou'  Vi 
or  Ihigli,  it  is  so  cKe])ly  embedded  in  muscle  that    it    is  very     if- 
ficult  to  set  the  bones,  especially  if  the  fracture  is  oblique,  for 
muscles  contract  and  draw  the  ends  of  the  bones  past  their  pro} 
iMJsitions  from  two  to  six  inclus,  and  it  is  imi.i)ssil)le  to  bring  the 
ends  together  even  with  the  aid  of  a  pulley  ,ind  tackle.      But,  if 
it   is  a  fracture  of   tiie  fo(jt,  pastern,  fetlock,  hip,  or   any   other 
!>art  v.-here  there  is  no  disjilacemeiit,  a  cure  can  usually  1)e  made. 
If  it  is  desired  to  tiy  treatment,  ].ut  the  horse  in   slings   to  take 
the  weight    from  the  injured  Kg,  and  to  relieve  the  weight  from 
the  others.      IJring    the  broken   ends  of   tlie  bone   together  in  a 
nalural  position,  then  envelop  for  a  distance  of  five  or  tei- inches, 
with   Plaster  of  Paris   bandage,  or   if  that  is  not  handy,  soak  a 
piece  of  s.)le  leatlier  iij  water  until  scfl,  moid  it  to  the  form  of  the 
leg  and  bind  it  on,  so  as  to  keep  it   perfectly  tight  and  solid    and 
in  its  place.     Siilints  may  be  used  with  the  leather,  or  a  Starch 
l.Kindage  is  gocul  willi  -i>lintv      Have  the  starch  very  stifT,  fill  the 
hair  with   it  and    then    begin    to   wind  a  long  ^trip  of  cloth,  not 
tight,  but  just  so  as  to  keep  the  parts  in  their  ])laces;  put  on  a 
quantity  of  Stan  h  with  ea=Ii  will.;  of  tin   bandage;  after  making 
half  a  dozen  turn--,  put  on  splmts  one  on  each  side,  and  one  on 
ll;e  back,  but  none  in  front     then  win.,:  fcr  four  or  five  turns.     If 
leg  swells  so  i.^  to  make  baih!ag(    to.j  tight,  slit  bandage  up  a  little 
way  at  cithei  ei.d.      I.ea\e  ojt  five  or  si.v  v.eek^,  keeping  liors.-  in 
siiiigs,  just    ligiit   eii<niv,li    to  gi\>-  ;.enlle   pressure  to  the   belly. 
T     .  to  him,  if  unruiy  al  first,  and  he  will  soon  o,.!  accustomed  to 
the  conditions. 

Should  any  piece.=!  of  Injiie  become  ^letached,  they  will  act  as 
foreign  matter  and  must  be  removed.  If  leg  is  bandaged,  the 
condition  will  be  recognized  In-  increased  swelling  in  surrounding 
parts,  and  also  in  heat  and  soreness,  uneasiness,  and  increa.se  in 
temjK'rature,  pulse,  and  in  respiration. 

When  the  hip  is  broken  down— "hipped  "—there  is  nothing 
to  ,!o  exce})t  tc  give  time,  and  what  constitutional  treatment  is 
•ndicated  ctare  of  the  shoulder  blade  m  treated  in  the  same 


DlvSliASICS  OF  Tin;  HORSK 


!S5 


way,  except  tliat  it  lu'v^ht  be  advisable  to  put  the  horse  in  shiiRS. 
In  all  cases  watch  tlie  symptoms,  but  it  would  be  well  to  give  the 
foUowiug: 

Fluid  KNlract  Aconite  Root I  dr.ichm. 

Spirits  of  Xitcr 4  ounces. 

Fluid  Extnict  of  nclladoiina I  ounce. 

Nitrate  of  Potash i}i  ounces. 

^Valer  to  make I  pint. 

Jtn.v,  and  give  2  ounces,  three  or  four  times 
a  day. 

Give  as  long  as  there  is  high  fever.  Give  all  the  cold  water  to 
-Irink  the  horse  wishes,  and  give  it  often.  Give  lilieral,  but  laxa- 
tive, diet. 

Plaster  of  Paris  Bandage.— When  the  broken  Ixjiie  h 
in  the  leg,  where  there  is  very  little  S<»"t  tissue  covering  it,  and 
conse'iuently  very  little  swelling,  a  Plaster  of  Paris  splint,  or 
cast,  can  be  apjiHed  directly  over  the  flannel  bandage.  Pre- 
pared Plaster  of  Paris  bandages  may  be  l,>onghf  at  drug  stores,  or 
they  can  be  m.ade  by  using  strips  of  cheese-cloth  or  thin  cotton 
two  and  a  half  inches  wide  and  six  fca  long.  These  bandages 
are  liberally  sprinkled  with  Plaster  of  Paris,  which  is  worked  into 
the  meshes  of  the  cloth  and  sprinkled  on  its  surface.  The  band- 
age is  then  rolled  up.  When  ready  to  apjily,  the  bandages  are 
placed  in  a  dish  of  water  until  thoroughly  saturated,  whicli  will 
be  shown  when  bubbles  cease  to  rise.  Now  apply  bandage  over 
the  fracture,  beginning  below  and  winding  upward  until  a  jacket 
is  formed  at  least  one-half  inch  thick.  The  plaster  cast  should 
extend  as  far  al>ove  and  below  the  fracture  as  is  possible.  It  is  a 
good  plan  to  start  tlie  plaster  bandage  at  the  foot  or  at  a  large 
joint,  in  order  to  prevent  its  slipping  down,  as  it  is  likely  to  do  if 
the  swelling  in  the  part  should  subside.  The  plaster  .soon  sets, 
and  a  very  firm  jacket  is  formed. 


STRIKING  THE  KNEE  (SPEEDY  CUT).  -This  is  a 
case  where  the  animal  strikes  the  inner,  lower  part  of  the  knee 
with  the  <-pposi{c  foot. 


11 


mp 


i  ( 


1? 

U  : 

'^'i 

l!!' 

f  11 

^  -  ) 

i\ 

i'i 

i 

l^'[ TH i:  PRACi;iC A L^TOCK  DOCTOR 

Cv<s.s.  -Faulty  conformation  is  the  most  i^rolific  .ause  It 
.nay  h.pix-n  ^yl:.n  the  feet  grow  too  lo„.;  f„„„  ch  fectiveshoeine- 
swelhn.:  o.  thele^;  hi^h  knee  actio,,;  a,„ll..,,„.e  the  chest  is 
too  narrow.      Horse  is  more  apt  to  strike  when  lir.d. 

.V,v;.^/,,«,,_r,eneral]y  the  evidences  of  striking  are  easy  of 
detect.on,   for  the  parts  are  tender,   swollen,   and^kin   broken 
here  ,nay  be  lameness  and  occasional  tripping  ..r  unsteady  gait 

cu- m     "  ,     r    ",  "'•      ''  '^"'^-   "^""^-^  ^"^^^   ^—  -"'^  l'i«l 
actKjn,  and  when  they  trot. 

Tkjc.vtmkn-t.  - 

Give  tl,e  horse  re.l;  wrapa  i.l.nkct  around  the  knee,  holding 
1  n,  place  ^.  th  a  strap  .-uoun<i  it  above  and  below  the  knee-  ^^■ci 
U  clown  -th  fresh  water  ..ery  half  hour,  apply  the  whoie  of 
each  day  unt.l  „„  ammat,on  and  swelling  are  gone.  Bathe  well 
o  e  adav  wui,  N\hUe  l.ut.on  (paKe  .03).  and  once  a  day 
with  the  following:  ^ 

t':'''.''^'""^"' ,^  "um-cs. 

WiUn  Ha.xl , 

Turprntiiu- ' 

SlK'ki;  ;ii.i,iy  uilli  li:«  ,;,!  ,i,!.l,inK. 

If  .t  is  eviduu  that  an  abscess  is  to  Km,,  ehange  the  fon.en- 
taton  to  a  pouH,.,,  a,id  continue  ponltiei,,.  ,uuil  ab.~ce-s   points 
and  when  cove,  in,  ,nvr  p„s  gets  thin,  op.n:  u.eex.ra  prec^union 
no    to  have  kn,le  go  ,„o  deep;  have  an  assistant  hold  foot  stra^^ 
out  n.  trout,  clasp   ti-e   knife  so  tl-at  only  a   bttlc  of  the  pel 
ex  ends  beyond  the  thn.ub  and  finger,  and  ,aake  the  opening  i  th 
botton.  or  the  abscess;   fln.^h  out  with  water.   ,],en  inject  a  little 
od,ne  and  continue  poultice  for  a  few  days,  and  then  go  hack  to 
the  fomentations  a^ain;  inject  abscess  once  a  day  until  it  lieah 
w.th    aCarbobc    Acid    solution.       tf    there    is    any  swelling   or 
tluckemng  afterwards,  n-e  Iodine  Oinlment.     (Sec-  "Ahsce-sc^s  ") 
t  ,s  very  nnport ant  tl,,..t  tliere  be  no  .scar  or  llnckening  left      Do 
not  give  fast  roadmg  until  wound  is  tlioroughlv  healed,  and  us.- 
a   knee  boot   for  .some  time   afterward.      Also   shoe  to  prevent 
s  rik.ng.     Shoe  opposite  foot  very  close  on  the  inside  and  with  a 
^hort  heeJ,  tummg  inside  calk  len-thwise  of  ^U...    -,.,j  «,„...  ^^ 


DISI'ASKS  OF  TinC  IIOKSJC 


the  inner  Iwrrler  of  the  web.  Spread  the  K-'iit  l>y  niakint;  t'n- 
outer  web  of  the  slioes  much  wider  tlian  tlie  inner  web,  thu: 
making  the  outside  of  the  hhoe  heavier.  During  treatment  f;i\' 
laxative   diet  and  a  teaspoonful  of  Salljieter,  three  times  o  d.iy. 


-This  term  is  aj)j)lied  to  any  injury 


BROKEN  KNEES. 

to  tile  fnjul  of  the  knees. 

C'aiesr. — From  fallinj-on  the  knees, 

Svniphmts. — These  Wul  vary  much,  depending  upon  the  speed 
dt  which  the  animal  is  going  and  the  kind  of  ground  fallen  upo.i. 
Sometimes  ^here  is  oidy  a  little  bruise  and  the  hair  brushed  oft"; 
at  otlicr  limes  the  skin  is  cut;  and  again,  the  skin  and  tendons  are 
cut,  or  the  joint  may  be  oj^ened,  or  the  Iiones  broken.  With  the 
milder  forms  there  may  be  no  l;^meues;s,  with  the  more  severe  li'e 
lameness  will  be  very  great. 

Tki:.\tment. — 

If  the  skin  is  not  broken,  apply  Iho  fomentations  and  lotion; 
as  in  "Si)cedy  Cut  "  and  if '^n  abscess  .shonld  form  later,  treat 
tliat  as  for  "Speedy  Cut."  In  opening,  have  the  leg  drawn  wJl 
lorward,  with  the  foot  held  a  fo^)t  or  more  from  the  ground,  » 
that  ]l<)r^c  will  jerk  away  from,  instead  of  against  the  knife. 

If  the  vkin  is  broken,  clean  off  all  dirt  by  syringing  wat-.  r 
nuo  the  v.i'ii'd;  after  the  dirt  is  removed  examine  to  see  how 
deep  the  cul^  are,  if  confined  to  the  skin  and  quite  long,  put  in  .'• 
stitch  or  two,  provided  they  can  oe  put  !n  and  not  stop  drainage, 
and  then  follow  with  the  treatment  as  alx)\  e,  and  iu  addition  fl'usli 
out  the  wound  daily  with  Carbolic  Acid  lotion: 

CartK.lic  Acii?      jounce. 

Water I  pint, 

.And  with  the  White  I.otion  (page  263).  If,  upon  exami- 
nation, the  cuts  are  seen  to  be  deep,  after  cleaning  apply  a  poul- 
tice and  leave  on  twelve  hours,  and  then  remove  carefully  to  see 
if  the-e  is  any  synovia  (joint  oil)  on  it  where  it  contacted  the 
womid;  if  joint  oil  is  present  it  may  be  recognized  by  its  looking 
much  like  the  white  of  an  egg,  except  that  it  is  a  light  yellow 
in  c-olor.  If  there  is  no  join',  oil,  treat  as  before  described;  if 
there  is,  treat  as  an  open  ioint.     See  "Open  Joint." 


1111 


P 

':     '          1 

lyiii-i' 


28S  THT-  '  ".ACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

If  flic  1)0!  arc  broken,  unless  a  very  valuable  breeding 
annual,  il  nin>  as  wlU  be  tkstroyed.  for  if  recovery  took  place 
the  knee  would  be  slifl. 

If  the  tendons  are  cnt,  tlie  clian.es  are  that  they  will  not 
miite,  but  treatnienl  may  be  tried.  Stiffen  the  knee,  5o  as  to 
keep  the  ends  together,  and  treat  the  same  as  \i-hen  the  jonit  is 
not  opened. 

In  all  cases  the  horse  nnist  be  kept  standing  U!itU  cured;  in 

the  Severer  cases  he  slionid  be  given  a  sling.      Give  a  laxative 

diet,  and  in  the  milder   e.ises  give  a  leaspoonfnl  of  .Silipcter  two 

or  three  times  a  day.    In  the  most  severe  eases  use  the  following: 

l''iui(I  Ivxtract  of  Aconite i  ih.KJmi. 

I'luid  T-:xlract(.f  Ik-lladonnn. i  ounce. 

l-"li:i(l  JCxlract  of  Colchicuni  Seed....  '. 

i^'illl'* '<-■>" '2<.unrrs. 

W.-iler  to  inc'.ke i  ;,int, 

Pli.-ik.o.    Dosr:  Two  oaiu;-^,  »\vo  or  t!"'  e  tiln"^  q  d.-'V 

PUFFY  ENLARGEMENTS  AROUND  KNEES 
AND  FETLOCKS  (BURSAL  ENLARGEMENTS) 

(<!»sr<:.  —  VToin  striking  t]!e  knees  against  the  manger  while 
pawing;  from  lying  on  the  hard  lloor,  or  from  any  cause  tli.'t 
will  bruise  the  knees  or  fetlocks. 

Svmpfoms.  — There  is  a  i)nfTv  enl  irgement.  but  not  sore  to 
handle,  and  it  fecb,  as  if  it  was  fnll  of  llind. 

Tki:.\tm);.\t 

At  first  ;ippb.-  rdl.l  fomentations,  ps  in  ".SjH>cd_\  Cut,"  fo|I,,\v 
thi-.  by  using  lb.  b-dinr  Ointment,  as  tctoinmend.  <!  nnilir 
"Abscesses."  CoiitiiUK  '.be  use  of  tlie  onitnient  for  :•  long  tune 
Some  of  these  enlargements  can  be-  opened  the  .same  as  for 
"SpcHy  Cut,"  or  "i^rokm  Knees,"  but  it  best  be  le*'*.  to  the 
.j"dgnient  of  a  veterinarian  as  to  when  this  is  practi':al. 

KNEE-SPRUNG—  This  isnot  a  disease, but  the  efTect  of  one. 

Caiisca. -rvom  h.ird  and  fast  work;  from  standing  in  a  stall 
that  has  too  much  slope,  or  from  feeding  out  of  a  very  high 
rack;  ^r  from  a  sprain  of  the  back  tendons  of  the  leg.  lieitig 
shod  with  high  heels  will  also  cause  it.  Horses  with  weak, 
small  knees  are  most  subject  to  this  trouble. 


DISl'.ASI'S  ol"    11  lie  ikiRSl': 


.^S<, 


Sxml'tiiius — The  appcarniK-f :  the  knees  nre  partly  l)em  :  at 
!,!-t  may  have  to  >taiid  at  the  side  and  examine  earefuliy  to 
detect  it,  hill  later  it  is  very  marked. 

Treatmicnt.- 

If  the  animal  is  wanted  for  work,  ^t.'hile  being  treated,  first 
make  the  stall  floor  level,  and  feed  horse  from  the  floor.  Bathe 
the  legs  with  cold  water  twice  a  day;  after  drying,  apply  a  good 
strong  liniment  at  night  and  bandage  for  a  few  hours;  shoe  the 
horse  with  a  fiat  shoe,  if  roads  wil'  allow.  If  horse  can  rest, 
turn  hira  out  and  blister  the  back  cords  below  the  knee  if  the 
back  tendons  have  been  strained;  alx)ve  the  knee,  if  not.  Use 
the  Spanish  Fiy  blister.  See  "To  Blister,"  under  "Ring- Bone." 
Blister  but  one  leg  at  a  time,  treating  the  other  two  weeks  later. 
With  cases  that  have  been  in  existence  for  scire  time,  the 
treatment  will  be  unsuccessful.  In  some  cases  the  knees  c.-in  be 
straightened  by  cutting  some  tendons  on  the  back  of  the  leg, 
above  the  knee.     The  operation  would  require  a  veterinarian. 

SPRAIN  OF  THE  BACK  TENDONS.— 

Causes. — Hard  driving;  too  oblique  pasterns;  shpping;  too 
small  tendons;  shoeing  with  shoes  t'x>  short  at  the  heels;  shoeing 
with  heels  lower  than  toe  calks;  allowing  the  toe  to  grow  too  long 
or  cutting  the  heels  away  too  much. 

Symptoms. — There  is  more  or  less  swelling  and  heat  along 
the  sprained  tendons;  horse  will  be  lame  in  traveling;  and  if  the 
cords  are  pressed  upon,  the  hor.se  will  flinch.  Lameness  gets 
worse  with  exercise;  strikes  toe  to  ground  first.  Heat  and  swell- 
ing may  be  close  to  the  knee  or  down  lower;  a  very  little  swelling 
is  easily  recognized  here,  as  the  parts  should  be  very  clean  cut 
Straightens  the  pastern,  and  points  with  the  lame  foot,  or  may 
stand  with  knee  a  little  sprung. 

TrKATjiknt.— 

Apply  cold  fomentations  as  in  "Speedy  Cut;"  use  high-heeled 
shoe;  apply  a  good  strong  liniment  twice  each  day.  Give  long 
rest.  If  liniment  fails,  apply  a  Spanish  Fly  blister.  (See  "To 
Blister"  under  "Ring-Bone.") 


ago 


THB  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


r 


r^-^'S" 


SPRAIN  OF  THE  FETLOCK  JOINT.- 

his  ankle"'"^'"""  ^""'^  stepping  crooked,  or  turning  over  on 

^j„!/>/o>ns.-rht^  animal  will  he  very  lame;  the  joi.it  will  be 
swollen  and  sore  to  ha.idle.    Aside  from  the  location  of  the  swell 
".K,  the  symptoms  will  be  the  same  as  for  "Sprah,  of  the  Back 

Tki:.\tment. 

Give  the  same  treatment  as  in  "Sprain  of  the  Back  Tendons." 

KNUCKLING,  OR  COCKED  ANKLES-The  fetlocks 
are  o  ten  knnckled  forward,  but  this,  hke  knee-sprung,  is  only  n 
symptom  of  some  other  trouble.  The  fetlocks  are  often  nu.laken 
for  the  seat  of  trouble  and  are  uselessly  blistered  and  burned 
wit.iout  benefit. 

r«;/.«.-Colts  are  sometimes  born  with  this  coiidinon  but 
usually  n  IS  only  temi>orary.  Horses  with  erect  pasterns'  are 
•subject  to  this  condition,  especially  in  the  hind  legs  Heavy  work 
.n  Inlly  sections;  fast  work  on  the  track  or  roads  are  exciting 
causes  of  knuckling.  It  may  be  caused  In-  disease  of  the  suspen- 
sory hganieius.  or  of  the  l,ack  tendons,  wliereby  they  are  short- 
ened; or  by  disease  of  the  fetlock  joint  itself. 

^>w//.,«,.     The   appearance   of  the    fetlock;    it   is   thrown 
forward,  partly  flexed.     When  first  coming  on.  it  may  flyback 
when  pulling,  but  be  thrown  forward  when  standing  still. 
Tkkatment.— 

_        In  colts  no  treatment  is  necessary,  unless  ver^■  bad  deformity 
Js  present,  and  then  a  veterinarian  is  needed.     When  knucklin- 
is  begun,  relieve  the  tendons  and  ligaments  by  proper  shoeing 
Prepare  the  foot  by  shortening  the  toe  as  much  as  possible    leav- 
mg  the  heels  high;  or  if  the  foot  is  prepared  in  usual  way  make 
the  shoe  thin  m  front  and  with  thick  heels  or  high  calks      A 
long-heeled  shoe  with  high  calks  is  best  for  the  hind  feet      In 
the  early  stages,  as  soon  as  the  weakness  shows,  give  rest  and 
treat  the  fetlock  or  back  tendons,  hi  whichever  the  trouble  lies 
as  for  "Sprain  of  the  Back  Tendons."     If  the  fomentations  mid 
hmments  do  not  relieve,   blister  the  parts.     In  cases  of  long- 
standing,  treatment  will  fail  to  relieve. 


DISK  ASKS  OF  THK  HORSE 


291 


INTERFERING,  OR  STRIKING  THE  FET- 
LOCKS. — An  animal  is  said  to  interlcrc  whtu  one  foot  strikes 
the  oppiisite  k's^  ill  passing,  during  locomotion.  It  is  sctii  more 
often  in  the  hind  than  in  tiie  fore  legs  It  causes  a  bruising  of 
the  skin  and  deeper  tissues,  and  Usuallv  there  is  aljrasioii  of  the 
surfcice.  Lamenes^,  tripping,  and  thickening  of  the  parts  may 
result. 

Causes. — Are  sonietinies  from  shoeing  uilli  too  heavy  a  .shoe, 
and  making  a  long  trip  before  horse  is  used  to  it.  Fauliy  con- 
formation is  the  most  prolific  cau.se,  which  shoeing  will  largely 
correct:  too  long  feet;  rough,  slipixjry  roads;  weakness;  ex- 
haustion; fast  work;  or  from  narrowness  of  hips. 

Sy>?ip/i>ms.~  The  injury,  and  in  .severe  cases,  lameness. 

Treatment. 

Rest.  Foment  as  _  in  "Speedy  Cut";  apj)Iy  the  White 
Lotion  (page  263)  freely.  After  sore  is  gone,  use  pad  for  some 
time  when  driving,   and  shoe  as  in  Speedy  Cut  to  sp-ead  action. 

WIND-GALLS, — Joints  and  tendons,  where  they  rub 
against  another  part,  are  furnished  with  sacs  containing  a  lubri- 
cating fluid  called  synovia  (joint  oil).  When  this  sac  is  over- 
distended  at  the  fetlock  by  rea.soii  of  excessive  secretion  of  the 
fluid,  it  pufTs  out  on  each  side  at  the  hack  upper  part  of  die 
joint;  the  back  tendons  prevent  it  from  projecting  straight,  and 
so  get  the  double  pufl.  The  condition  is  commonly  called 
'   ,V"in<l-GaIIs."      It  may  affect  either  front  of  rear  limbs. 

Causes. — Are  often  seen  in  young,  over-grown  hor.ses,  seem- 
ingly from  too  much  weight  for  limbs;  from  heavy  work;  execs, 
sive  knee  action;  hard  roading.  Hor.ses  used  to  start  heavy  loads 
on  slippery  streets  are  apt  to  have  wind-galls  in  the  hind  legs. 

Symploms.-Tlni  lump  is  more  or  less  tense  when  foot  is  on 
the  ground,  but  soft  wheu  picked  up.  They  generally  come  on 
slowly  and  cause  no  inconvenience.  If  caused  by  excessive  strain 
of  the  joint,  they  develop  rapidly,  are  tense,  hot,  and  cause  more 
or  less  lameness;  horse  stands  with  joint  flexed;  walks  with  short 
steps,  the  toe  coming  to  the  ground  first. 


Ifll-:   I'ivAll  ICAr,  S'1(X-K  I)(KTr)R 


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I:.  ^    . 

I'm;  ATMrxT. — 

llic  In'iilik'  iiirr.hs  goiur.illv  (li-^aiipcars  ;ificr  a  time  witlmut 
tiratUKiii.  If  (liK-  lo  ^cvii\  -11  ill.  ri-t,  a-i-!  aiiply  a  lii','li  lii'c!c(! 
shoe.  l'..iiKiit  Willi  r..l,!  xvalrr.  and  rub  well  twice  -i  day  witli  a 
f^'H.il  liiiiineiit;  al'ler  the  aruie  stagt^,  use  tlic  Iodine  ( )iiitiiienl. 
In  ^a-es  of  Ioii.i,'-standii;<,'.  iidtliinfj  can  he  done,  unless  tiieie  i> 
lanieiR^s,  in  uliidi  case  blister.  Sec  "To  Blister"  under  '•RiiiL'- 
JJoiie." 

THICKENING  AROUND  THE  FETLOCK- 

Causes.~T\ns  is  .generally  from  hard  work,  and  from  strains 
of  the  joints,  int.Tfc-rinR,  etc.,  and  is  often  seen  in  livery  horses. 
Tricatmknt. — 

Apply  cold  fomentations  and  liniments,  with  liberal  hand- 
rnl.bni.;:  ,f  .Iksc  fail,  nse  Iodine  Ointment.  See  treatment 
tor     Ah.scesses  '  for  the  onitment. 

BREAK- DOWN -RUPTURE  OF  THE  SUSPEN- 
SORY  LIGAMENT.  This  ligament  ex.en.ls  from  the  knee 
to  tne  fetlock,  belueen  the  back  tendons  and  the  large  cannon 
bone.  This  may  occur  in  l,oth  tlie  fore  and  hind  Iei;s,  and  isseen  in 
iiorses  „f  all  aKes.  In  old  animals,  esix-cially  hunters,  runners 
•md  trotters,  the  seat  of  trouble  is  nearly  ahvavs  in  one  or  both 
tront  le^s.  In  horses  of  heavy  draught,  the  liKaments  of  the 
luud  legs  are  the  ones  most  affected. 

Symptoms.— \\\Kn  both  branches  are  torn  from  their  atta< ' 
ments  to  the  sessamoids,  or  both  are  torn  across,  lameness  comes 
on  suddenly  and  is  most  intense ;  the  fetlock  descends,  the  toe 
turns  up,  and  as  the  animal  attempts  to  walk,  leg  has  the  api)ear. 
ance  of  be..,-  broken  off  at  the  fetlock.  These  svmptoms  are 
followed  by  heat,  i>ain,  and  swelling  of  the  parts  at  point  of 
mj.iry.  In  milder  cases,  fetlock  wiU  descend  onlv  a  little,  and  if 
simply  a  strain  and  noc  a  complete  rupture,  will  get  symptoms  as 
in  "Sprai.i  of  the  Fetlock  Joint." 

Tke.\t:ient. — 

When  rupture  has  taken  place,  put  the  horse  in  a  sling,  put  a 
large  wad  of  cotton  at  the  bark  of  \\u-  nastr^r,,  ^„,i  v.o..,-.,^,.  .';„u^i.. 


DISI'ASI'S  OF   iIII-:  HORSE 


i<y3 


to  help  keep  the  part  in  place,  or,  better,  put  a  loiig-ht-eled 
shix;  on,  fasten  an  iron  l)an(l  between  the  lieels,  bent  the  right 
'^hape  and  extending;  up  the  back  of  l\w  caiuion  and  fasten  it  below 
the  knee  with  a  strap;  put  a  Dad  under  the  end  so  it  will  not  irri. 
tate  the  leg.  Get  the  lei;  up  into  as  nearl)-  a  natural  jxisition  as 
ix>ssible.  l<\jnieut  an<l  use  liniments  as  in  "Sprains  of  Hack  Ten- 
dons;" afterwards  blister.  Lon>;  rest  will  be  necessary  to  effect 
a  cure,  and  the  animal  will  ahvajs  Ijc  more  or  less  weak. 

SPRAIN  OF  THE  STIFLE  JOINT.— A  strain  of  the 
ligatnents  of  the  stifle  joint. 

Causes. — Slippini;  is  the  most  common  cause,  although  the 
joint  may  be  injured  and  inflanunation  set  up  in  other  ways. 

Symf'tjins. — Animal  eaiuiot  bring  the  leg  forward,  and  it  is 
very  sore  when  von  press  arrjund  the  joint;  als<j  swollen  the  swel- 
ling beiny  more  or  less  imlly. 

Tiii;.\T.Mi:NT.  — 

Bathe  twice  a  day  for  an  hour  or  more  with  hot  water  and 
vinegar  with  a  little  salt  in  it;  after  bathing,  wipe  dr\  and  api)ly 
any  good  strong  liniment  (see  back  j)art  of  book)  If  this  fails, 
blister  (see  "To  Blister,"  under  "Ruig-Bone.")  (live  long  res^t, 
and  in  severe  cases  give  the  animal  a  sling,  so  he  will  not  have  to 
lie  down  and  get  up.  Much  inflammation  in  this  joint  is  always 
serious. 

DISLOCATION  OF  THE  PATELLA,  OR  STIFLED. 

— In  this  case  the  patella,  or  knee  cap,  slips  out  of  the  jnilley-like 
process  iu  the  bone  in  the  front  part  of  the  stifle  joint,  and  as 
soon  as  this  slips  out,  it  locks  the  joint  so  the  animal  cannot 
move  it. 

Causes. — Dislocation  'is  caused  by  a  slip  and  twist  at  the  same 
time,  the  weight  probably  being  ujwn  that  leg  at  the  time.  The 
iiorse  recovers  from  the  slip  and  finds  himself  with  the  leg  as  far 
back  as  it  can  be,  having  carried  the  body  forward  on  it,  and 
when  ready  to  bring  the  leg  forward  he  is  unable  to  move  it.  The 
leg  remains  extended  backwards  until  help  comes  to  relieve  the 
situation. 


it', 

s 


mi 


I-   i- 


f  i 

lii 


.s  t 


294 


« ' 


Tin.;  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


5;w/Aw/i. -Areas  above  {ksrrit)e(l.  The  other  le^s  mow 
all  right,  l)ut  ihe  one  reniaiiis  witli  UkA  extending;  haekward  in 
one  i)osition,  as  tlionnh  fastened  to  the  gronnd.  Tliere  will  be  an 
eidarKvnieiit  on  the  outside  of  the  stifle,  astlie  patella  always  goes 
outward. 

Tki'ATMI^NT. — 

In  most  cases  this  is  simple.  Have  tlie  horse's  head  held 
and  let  some  one  pull  forward  on  a  rope  fastened  to  the  pastern 
of  tlie  afTectcd  kg  whik-  the  hand  is  i)Iaced  against  the  eidarge- 
nieiit  at  the  joint  and  shovt-d  in  toward  the  animal,  and  forward,  as 
hard  as  j^ossihk',  until  i!ie  hone  goes  into  its  place,  after  which 
the  animal  is  put  in  a  single  stall,  tied  so  he  catmot  lie  down,  and 
the  joint  ruhhed  with  some  good  strong  liniment  twice  a  day  for 
a  few  days,  and  then  it  is  generally  iK.st  to  Mister  the  jjart, 
applying  the  lilistcr  to  the  out.side  and  inside  of  the  joint;  the 
inside  blisters  easily,  however,  and  <locs  not  need  much  rubbing. 
T'se  the  Si.anisli  h'ly  b.ister.  See  ''To  Blister,"  under  "Ring- 
Bone.  " 

PARTIAL  DISLOCATION  OF  THE  STIFLE 
JOINT.— This  usually  occurs  in  young  foals  when  running  on 
rough  grounds,  or  in  colts  in  the  spring,  when  they  are  weak, 
but  sometimes  later  in  life. 

S}./i/>/oms.~At  first  when  noticed,  the  stifle  will  slip  out 
and  the  kg  will  1)e  locked  for  a  few  steps,  then  it  will  slip  in 
with  a  snap,  and  he  will  be  all  right  again.  Sometimes  there 
will  be  a  catch,  as  it  were,  f(jllowed  by  the  snap.  If  allowed  to 
go  on,  the  bones  will  become  diseased  and  weakened,  and  the 
patella  will  get  part  way  out  and  eidarge  the  groove.  The  joint 
will  get  larger  than  natural,  and  the  horse  will  never  have 
proper  action  again. 

TRE.^TMENT. — 

Put  the  animal  in  a  single  stall,  tie  so  he  cannot  lie  down; 
secure  foot  forward  by  fastening  a  strap  around  the  pastern,  and 
running  a  rope  from  it  under  a  surcingle,  and  tying  to  a  strap 
about  the  neck;  tie  so  the  leg  is  kept  just  a  little  ahead  of  the 
other  one.  and  then  blister  .-w  in   the  preceding.     Keep  staiidiu^ 


lllii^ 


I    i 


DISIvASKS  OF  THK  HORSE  295 

for  two  or  thret'  weeks.  A  sliiij;;  caii  ht  used  to  rest  the  animal. 
Follow  with  long  rchi  in  small  enclosure.  Long-standing  rases 
are  incurable. 

CRAMP  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  THIGH.- 

These  are  sometimes  affected  with  cramp  in  hard-worked  horses, 
esjjccially  old  ones.  They  are  often  incorrectly  diagnosed,  Ix-ing 
mistaken  for  dislocations  of  the  stille,  and  in  fact  are  rarely 
recognized  except  by  an  expert. 

Causes.— Very  severe  exertion,  especially  if  prolonged;  mus- 
cles l>ecome  fatigued,  and  the  nerves  in  them  irritated;  then,  if 
forced  to  continue  work,  cramp  is  very  likely  to  take  place. 
Sometimes  horses,  when  swimming,  are  seizetl  with  cramps. 

.9)'M/i/iv«i.- -Horse  will  seem  all  ri,i>;ht,  except  that  he  is 
laboring  from  fatigue,  when  suddenly  one  or  both  legs  will 
cramp,  and  muscles  draw  all  into  knots;  a  constriction  will  be 
seen  in  the  hollow  of  the  thigh;  point  of  hock  is  drawn  up,  and 
horse  crouches  with  hind  parts.  Horse  is  drawn  up  and  unable 
to  move.  When  lx)tli  legs  are  affected,  horse  falls  in  agony,  not 
being  able  to  stand.  When  one  is  affected,  it  is  usually  drawn 
upward  and  backward;  he  is  unable  to  extend  it.  May  pass  off 
soon,  or  last  for  several  hours. 

Treatment. — 

Get  hot  water  as  quickly  as  possible  and  apply  it,  bathing 

the  parts  until  nuiscles  relax  and  leg  islet  down,  when  the  horse 

walks  as  well  as  ever.     Then  rub  dry  and  apply  the   following 

liniment: 

Tincture  of  .Arnica 2  ounces. 

Tincture  of  Opium 3      " 

Aquii  .\ininonia 2       " 

Water  to  ni.'ike I  pint. 

A/ix;  and  apply. 

In  absence  of  liniment.  Tincture  of  Camphor,  Arnica,  or  hot 
vinegar,  arf  good.     Give  patient  a  few  days'  rest. 

SPRAIN  OF  THE  MUSCLE  ON  FRONT  OF  THE 
HIND  LEG,  BETWEEN  THE  HOCK  AND  STIFLE 
JOINT. — This   is  a   sprain   of   the  what   is  called   the  flexor 

nictatiirsi. 


1 

I 


m  ■' 


396 


TUlv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Svf»/>fo»>^ -The  muscle  will  be  swollen  and  sore;  in  moving 
the  horse  forward,  when  he  lifts  the  IcR  and  attempts  to  l.rinR  it 
forward,  instead  of  j^oins  forward,  it  will  go  backwards  and 
upwards. 

Tkkat.mknt. — 

Keep  the  horse  quiet  and  treat  as  for  "Sprain  of  the  Hack 
Tendons." 


liill 


SPRAIN  OF  THE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  INSIDE 
OF  THE  HIND  LEG,  RUNNING  UP  FROM  THE 
HOCK  — 

Ca/ts^-s. —  From  a  severe  sprain  of  the  leg,  hv  slippin;^  ont- 
ward  when  pulling  a  heav>-  loatl. 

.S;iw/>/<'w.v.  -There  is  a  thickening  of  the  tnnscles  alx.ve  the 
hfxk,  and  the  horse  will  he  stiff  for  a  few  days;  the  stifTness  will 
s.>on  disappear,  hut  if  not  treated,  there  may  lie  a  ixTmanenI 
thickening 

Tki:,\'iMi-:NT.  — 

Let  the  animal  rest  from  work,  and  treat  as  in  foregoinp. 

BOG  SPAVIN.  This  is  an  enlargement,  or  distension, 
along  with  intlanuiialion  of  the  synovial  membranes  of  the  hock 
joint,  partly  on  the  inside  and  partly  on  the  front.  There  is  an 
excess  of  joint  oil  (synovial  fluid)  secreted,  and  this  bulges  out 
the  capsular  ligament  at  this  part  of  the  joint. 

Ca/tsfs.—V mm  severe  sprain  ot  the  joint:  from  jumping, 
kicking  or  being  kicked;  from  pricks  by  forks;  or  nails  in  stall 
when  horse  may  be  kicking. 

5')w/>/t?w/,f.-  -There  will  f)e  a  large,  .soft  swelling  on  the  front 
and  inner  side  of  the  hock,  just  a  little  alxne  where  the  enlarge- 
ment for  bone  spavin  occurs.  It  i>  of  the  same  character  as 
"wuid-galls  '■  socnis  filled  with  ait ,  but  it  is  joint  oil,  or  synovia. 
In  mdd  cases  tlure  is  little  lain.ncs;,  but  in  bad  c^ses  there  is 
lameness,  resembling  that  of  Ixme  spavin,  the  animal  getting 
better  \\  ith  ext.-rcise. 


Tt- 


niSHASKS  OF  THIC  IIORSK 


297 


TkiCA  I'MI-NT.— 

I'irsl  iry  fumeiitation,  aluiiK  willi  liuiiutnl  and  liberal  haud 
riibhiiiK  us  tor  "Sprain  of  the  Back  Tendons."  If  this,  svitli  rest, 
does  not  aflect  a  cure  in  three  or  four  weeks,  lihster,  usinj; 
Spanish  I-"ly  and  IJiniodide  of  Mercury.  (See  "To  Blister"  under 
"RiuK  Bone."  )  If  Mistering  fails,  firing  may  lie  tried.  In  many 
ca.scs,  treatment  is  unsuccessful. 

HYDRARTHROSIS.  A  conditiMn  ;iff,.itinK  the  hocks  of 
lar^e,  over  grown  colts,  the  ai)i>earaiue  of  wliii  h  is  the  same  as 
hog  sp:uin,  except  there  is  no  lameness;  there  i>i  the  same 
puffy  enlargement  on  the  iinier  front  asixcf  of  the  hock.  The 
enlargement  generally  disapixars  as  the  animal  reaches  maturity; 
if  treated  at  all,  use  only  some  mild  liniment,  as  eiiual  parts  of 
Soap  Liniment  and  Witch  Ha/.el,  with  lots  of  hand  rubbing.  Do 
not  break  colt  until  fully  mattired.  Never  use  more  severe  treat- 
ment unless  lameness  develops,  and  then  treat  as  for  "Bog 
Spavin." 


THOROUGHPIN.— This  is  of  the  same  nature  as  l)og 
spavin— a  distension  of  the  synovial  bursa — but  is  ftnuid  in  the 
back  part  of  the  hock. 

Catises. — It  is  produced  by  many  of  the  same  causes  that 
produce  lx)g  spavin:  is  most  often  seen  in  horses  that  do  hard 
work,  as  draft,  hack,  and  stage  horses,  and  those  of  general 
utility  It  is  often  seen  in  stallions,  from  weight  thrown  on  hind 
legs,  and  in  colts  that  are  large  and  heavy  for  their  age. 

Syiiiploms. — There  are  two  puffs,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
hix-k,  at  the  Ixjttom  of  the  depression  in  front  of  the  point  of  the 
hock.  If  one  is  pressed  against,  the  one  on  the  other  side 
Ijecomes  larger,  and  if  there  is  bog  spavin,  as  there  frecjuently  is, 
if  the  puff  in  front  is  pressed  against,  both  the  thoroughpin 
enlargements  will  increase  in  size,  showing  that  a  thoroughpin 
and  bog  spavin  affect  the  same  synovial  sac,  but  at  a  different 
place.     When  lameness  is  present  it  is  the  same  as  in  bog  spavin. 


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Trkatmknt.— 

The  same  as  for  "Bog  Spaxin."     When  the  pufTs  appear  in 
young,  rapid-growing  colts  treat  as  for  "Hydrarthrosis,"  under 
Bog  Spavin." 

CAPPED  HOCK.- The  point  of  the  hock  is  liable  to 
injury,  givnig  rise  to  swellings  of  the  nature  of  a  tumor  It  is 
filled  with  a  watery  fluid,  slightly  tinged  with  blood.  If  not 
emptied  and  properly  treatcii  they  become  calloused  and  changed 
into  a  solid,  fibrous  mass  in  a  month  or  so.  The  callous  on  the 
hock  never  gets  so  large  as  on  the  elbow,  but  it  is  just  as  hard 
and  unsightly,  and  far  more  noticable. 

Causes.— By  kicking  either  in  stall  or  in  harness;  by  sitting 
on  haunches  in  getting  up;  .sometimes  by  runaways-  or  by 
being  struck  by  timber  falling  on  the  hocks,  or  by  the  lireaking 
of  an  eveiier. 

Sympfa»is.— The  points  of  the  hocks  are  found  to  be  much 
swollen;  hot  and  sore  to  the  touch  if  examined  soon  after  the 
injury;  later  the  enlargement  becomes  puffy  like  a  sac  of  water 
caused  by  a  serous  fluid  collecting  under  the  skin;  occa.sionally 
the  fluid  IS  syno\ia.  Sometimes  the  enlargement  is  hard  and 
firm. 

Tke.'VT.ment.— 

In  the  car'y  stages  fasten  a  folded  blanket  about  the  hock 
and  keep  wet  with  cohl  water;  keep  on  throughout  the  day  and 
bathe  well  night  and  morning  with  White  Lotion  (page  263)- 
after  the  acute  symptoms  have  abated,  use  the  Iodine  Ointment' 
as  recommended  under  "Abscesses. ' '  If  this  treatment  fails  and 
a  fluid  collects,  open  at  the  bottom  and  treat  as  an  "Abscess." 
l^se  the  Cocaine  solution  in  opening  (see  Oper.\tion-s) 
After  opening,  inject  a  little  Tincture  of  Iodine,  and  flush  out 
once  a  day  with  Carbolic  Lotion.  If  proud  flesh  forms  at  the 
opening,  use  Sulphate  of  Zinc  on  it.  Use  the  cold  fomentations 
after  oiK-ning,  to  keep  down  the  swelling,  and  afterward  use 
the  Iodine  Ointment  to  remove  any  thickening. 

SPRAIN  OF  THE  HOCK  JOINT.- 

Ca/««.— Severe  slipping,  or  by  getting  the  foot  caught. 


w^^^BEmsimi^F^^^msm^ifiEm'^mm^- 


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DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


299 


,i>ir^ 


Symptoms. — Horse  is  very  lame,  and  keeps  the  hock  stiff  in 
bringing  the  leg  forward.  There  is  swelling  and  heat  around 
the  joint. 

Treatment. — 

Foment  the  hock  during  the  day  with  hot  or  cold  water,  by 
wrapping  a  folded  blanket  about  the  hock  and  keeping  it  wet. 
Night  and  morning  apply  some  good  liniment.  Later,  if  lame- 
ness still  continues,  blister.  Spavin  is  quite  apt  to  develop;  if  so, 
treat  as  under  "Spavin." 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  BONES  OF  THE  HOCK.— 

Fractures  of  the  lx)nes  of  the  hock  are  not  very  common. 

SymptoDi 5 .  —  lioisc  will  be  very  lame;  will  hold  up  leg  with 
pain;  joint  will  become  swollen  and  sore  to  touch,  and  by  manip- 
ulation the  grating  of  the  bones  may  be  heard. 

Treatment.— 

If  very  bad,  there  is  no  remedy,  and  horse  had  better  be 
killed.  If  horse  is  young  and  break  is  not  bad,  and  confined  to 
small  bones  in  the  lower  part,  put  him  in  a  sling,  with  just  pres- 
sure enough  on  the  belly  to  ease  the  weight  on  the  legs,  and 
apply  a  splint  if  necessary  (see  "  Fractures").  If  the  splint  is 
not  necessary,  use  fomentations  to  keep  down  part  of  the  inflam- 
mation; after  five  or  six  weeks,  blister  as  for  "Spavin,"  and 
repeat  if  necessary. 

BLOOD  SPAVIN.— This  is  the  enlargement  of  a  vein 
which  passes  over  the  front  of  the  hock.  The  symptom  is  the 
enlargement  fading  above  and  below  into  the  vein.  Do  not 
attempt  to  treat. 

OPEN  JOINT. — This  is  one  of  the  serious  injuries  that 
horse-flesh  is  subject  to,  and  it  is  not  uncommon. 

Causes. — Cuts,  bruises,  pricks  from  nails,  from  a  fork  in 
handling  manure  and  bedding,  falling  on  the  roatl,  and  kicks 
from  other  horses,  are  common  causes. 

Sjmpioms.— There  is  the  wound,  lamene-ss,  swelling  around 
the  injured  joint,  and  leaking  from  the  puncture  of  an  oily- 
looking  fluid,  which  is  the  synovia,    or    joint    oil.     In  mxae 


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cases  the  flow  of  synovia  is  so  slight  it  cannot  be  detected-  in 
such  caces  apply  a  poultice,  leaving  it  on  twelve  hours,  and  upon 
taking  It  off  the  synovia  can  be  seen  on  the  poultice,  if  the  joint 
was  open.  The  synovia  is  yellowish,  as  thick  as  the  white  of  an 
egg,  and  slippery  feeling. 

Tre.vt.ment. — ■ 

Put  the  horse  in  a  sling  to  help  keep  the  joint  quiet.     If  the 
wound  IS  large,  first  clean   l.y  jxjuring  water  over  it.  and  then 
p<nir  over  it  Carbolic  Acid  solution,  but  do  not  inject  into  if  if 
stitches  are  necessary,  put  them  in,    but  do  not  sew  up  tight; 
stiffen  the  joint  with  a  splint  and  ,-ij,ply  a  poultice  at  night   and 
keep  on,  during  the  day,  heavy  clean  bandages  wet  with  cold  water- 
at  night  bathe  the  joint  well  with  White  Lotion  (page  263),  antl 
in  the  morning  bathe  well  with  a  lotion  comjiosed  of  equal  parts 
of  Witch  Hazel  and  Soap  Liniment.     If  the  edges  of  the  wound 
commence   to  look  red  and  angry,  du.st  on  a  little  burned  Alum 
Continue  treatment  until  after  the  opening  closes  and  the  discharge 
stops;  after  this,  continue  the  cold  fomentations  and  rub  well  with 
a  strong  liniment.     If  the  lameness  continues,  blister,  using  the 
Spanish  Fly  and  Mercury  blister  (see  "To  Blister,"  under  "Ring- 
Bone").     Do   not  attempt   to  close   the  opening  into  the  joint 
quickly;  let  it  clo.se  gradually.     Internally  give  the  following: 

Fluid  Kxtractof  .Aconite i  drachm 

Mind  Kxtract  of  liflladonna Jounce 

Fluid  K.xtract  of  Colchicum  Seed....  %  ounce 

^^'V'^'^'-'- 1 2omices." 

\V  .ittT  to  make j  pint. 

Shake.     /)osc:  a  ounces,  two  a  three  times  a 
day. 

Depending  upon  the  amount  of  fever;  give  for  a  week  dis- 
continue for  a  few  days,  and  then  give  again  if  necessary.  Feed 
on  laxative  diet,  giving  a  handful  or  two  of  Linseed  meal  three 
times  a  day,  and  gra.ss  if  in  season.  If  the  appetite  keeps  good 
temperature  remains  near  normal,  joint  does  not  swell  badly,  and 
hmb  IS  held  quiet,  the  symptoms  are  favorable;  if,  however 
appetite  is  lost,  fever  high,  limb  badly  swollen,  and  limb  kept 
swinging,  the  .symptoms  are  unfavorable,  and  treatment  needs  to 
be  applie<l  more  vigorously,  if  possible;  in  the  later  case  death  is 
apt  to  follow. 


[.'-i£*>J\i^^^^^:    '^J, 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


301 


CURB. — This  is  a  strain  and  an  enlargement  of  a  ligament 
on  the  back  of  the  hock  a  little  below  the  point.  It  is  seen  in 
the  form  of  a  bowed  section,  about  four  inches  in  length;  some- 
times it  is  swollen  up  as  thick  as  an  inch  from  the  healthy  form, 
and  at  other  times  it  is  hardly  noticeable.  When  in  the  infiam- 
matory  stage  the  disease  causes  lameness,  but  when  the  swelling 
is  once  hardened  it  seldom  does.  It  is  most  commonly  seen  in 
sickle  or  cow-hocked  horses. 

Causes. — A  sprain  of  the  ligament  at  the  back  part  of  the 
hock;  by  getting  the  hind  feet  too  far  under  the  body;  stopping 
suddenly  and  feet  slipping  under;  rearing;  backing  heavy  loads,  etc. 

SymptotHS. — Standing  at  the  side  of  the  horse  and  opposite 
the  hind  parts,  and  looking  across  the  legs,  you  will  notice  a 
curve  on  the  back  and  lower  portion  of  the  hock,  instead  of  a 
straight  line  as  in  a  healthy  leg,  from  the  point  of  the  hock  to 
the  fetlock.  In  recent  cases  there  is  lameness,  heat,  soreness 
to  touch,  and,  like  all  sprains,  it  grows  worse  with  exercise.  In 
moving,  the  horse  strikes  the  toe  to  the  ground  first. 

Trbatment. — 

If  near  a  blacksmith  shop,  have  a  high-hteled  shoe  put  on; 
then  wrap  the  joint  in  a  folded  blanket  and  keep  it  wet  with  cold 
water,  applying  fresh  water  every  half  hour;  once  a  day  bathe 
freely  with  White  Lotion  (page  263),  and  once  with  a  lotion 
composed  of  equal  parts  of  Witch  Hazel  and  Soap  Liniment; 
continue  until  lameness  subsides,  and  then  use  Iodine  Ointment 
to  help  in  removing  the  enlargement  (see  under  "Abscesses"). 
If  the  above  fails  to  effect  a  cure,  blister,  using  the  Spanish  Fly 
and   Mercury    blister.     (See  "To  Blister"  under  "Ring-Bone.") 

CUTTING  THE  BACK  TENDONS.— The  back  ten- 
dons of  the  hind  leg  are  sometimes  cut  by  the  horse  backing  up 
onto  something  sharp,  as  mower  knives,  scythe,  corn-cutter,  etc. 

SymptotHS. — The  appearance;  a  wound  in  the  back  of  the  leg 
between  hock  and  fetlock,  and  if  l)oth  tendons  are  cut  the  fetlock 
descends  so  thai  the  horse  walks  on  the  back  of  the  pastern;  and 
upon  examining  the  wound  the  separated  ends  of  the  cut  tendon 
can  he  seen. 


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Treatmknt. — 

Bind  a  large  wad  of  some  material  on  the  back  of  the  pastern 
to  keep  ,t  from  gom^  down  so  far,  and  Ret  the  an  mal  ^  ^ 
stable;  then  put  on  the  long-heeled  'shoe,  a'  d  at  act  an  1': 
extend  up  the  back  of  the  leg,  as  with  "Break  Down  -  Ce  lee 
must  be  supported  in  its  natural  position,  so  that  the  cut  endio   the 

will  be  r    ,"""'  ''T  ^^^"*^"^-  ^^^^^-^-'  -'-"  they  unt    hey 
U.11  be  too  long,  and  the  fetlock  will  go  down  too  low-  dress  tZ 

wound  with  Whue  Lotion  (page  .63fand  the  Carbo  ic  sol  uion 
Bandage  .t  loosely,  but  in  putting  bandage  on  and  taking  iUffdo 

orm    k  '''  'r;  "°'  '"■  '"^"^'  ^'^  ^^"^""^-   "  P^-d  fl-h  start    to 

n^'r^      'r"  "'''  '"'"^'  ^^""^  °^  S^'P'^'-'te  of  Zinc.     Put 

the  horse  m  a  sling  at  once,  and  keep  him  there  until  the  part  is 

months^     Feed  on  light,  laxative  food.     If  the  limb  seems  to  be 
weak  after  the  parts  have  healed,  apply  a  mild  blister. 

RUPTURE  OF  THE  MUSCLES.- 

over  exernoT"'"'''''  "'"  '°'"''""''  '"P^"'"^'^  ^^""^^^  '^^  ^bres  by 
over  exertion,  severe  sprains,  etc. 

Sj.np,o>.s.~Great  lameness  is  noticed  as  an  early  symptom 

an  tin!;  '  rf"  """""  '^""^  "^  '''°'"  ^^^'°  ^°  -x'hours'af "r 
move  th  fT  T  "  """■'"'"^--^.  amounting  to  inability,  to 
move  the  affected  p..rt.     When  inflammation  has  subsided  and 

seal  o^fn'^fr'  """  "'"  "^  '  '^^^^^^'^  '"  '^^  ""-^^  at  The 
Treatment. — 

continl1"f  '^''  """''Z  '"^'-^"'"^tion.  apply  hot  fomentations  as 
ontinuously  as  possible,  and  also  apply,   three  times  a  day,  the 
following  anodyne  lotion:  ^' 

SoapLi„i,„e,u 4  ounces. 

Tincture  < if  .\rnica ,       <. 

Tincture  of  Opium 3 

Witch  Hazel  to  make i  pjnt. 

form!?'"  ;°fl^"^atio„   has  gone  and  the  muscle  depres.sion  is 
formed,  apply  strong  liniments  or  a  blister,  r,?  f-or  "Sweeny." 


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V .».:.-- 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


303 


ATROPHY  OF  THE  MUSCLES.— This  is  a  wasting 
away,  or  shrinking,  of  a  mn-cle  or  gtoup  of  mnscles,  leaving  a 
flattciied  or  hollow  surface  in  the  place  of  the  normal  fullness. 

Gj«j«.— Sprains,  strains,  bruises,  severe  pressure,  are  prin- 
cipal causes.     Inaction  of  a  muscle  will  also  produce  it. 

Symptoms.— X  flattened  or  hollow  place  will  be  found  in  the 
place  of  the  nuiscle.  Compare  witli  corresponding  nuiscle  of  the 
other  side,  and  the  difference  is  easily  detected. 

Trkatment. — 

Treat  with  strong  liniments,  friction,  blisters,  and  scton,  if 
,K-cessary,  as  reconnncnded  under  "Sweeny."  It  is  an  atrophy 
of  the  muscles  which  has  to  be  overcome  in  that  disease. 


DISEASES  OP  THE  FEET. 


QUITTOR.— This  is  the  name  given  to  a  disease  of  the 
foot  when  the  festering  of  any  sore  works  up  through,  and 
breaks  out  on  top  of  the  foot  at  the  junction  of  the  hair. 

Causes  -It  is  usually  the  result  of  a  neglected  com,  prick  of 
a  nail,  gravel  getting  into  nail-hole,  or  a  severe,  poorly  cared  for 
wound  at  the  top  of  the  hoof,  working  downward. 

Symptoms.-lt  usually  occurs  on  the  quarters,  anywhere  from 
the  heels  to  two  or  three  inches  forward,  but  is  oftener  seen  on 
the  inner  quarter,  l^ecause  most  corns  are  found  there  After 
horse  has  been  lame  some  time,  it  makes  its  appearance  by  swel- 
ling at  the  coronet,  which  may  reach  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg.  In 
the  course  of  a  day  or  two  it  breaks  and  discharges  matter,  when 
horse  will  be  relieved  of  some  of  the  pain,  which  is  intense  during 
the  formative  period.  Sometimes  foot  can  scarcely  be  put  on  the 
floor,  and  may  1^  paining  most  of  the  time.  When  the  sore  has 
been  discharging  two  or  three  days,  the  flesh  around  openmg  will 
turn  purple  and  soft,  and  the  matter  will  spread,  extending  each 


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304 


THE   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


way,  but  more  toward  the  front.  In  .1  couple  of  weeks,  pipes  will 
have  forincd,  pointing  downward  in  all  directions,  having  one 
cotnmon  center  in  the  opening  at  the  top.  If  let  alone,  the  walls 
of  the  pipi's  will  thicken  and  harden,  and  enlargement  at  the  top 
incrcaM-  in  size.  If  allowed  to  run  for  three  months,  the  foot  be- 
comes M)  full  of  pipes  and  so  large,  hot,  and  painful,  as  tc  i-equire 
very  persistent  treatment  to  stop  disease,  and  it  can  never  be  re- 
duced to  natural  size  again.  In  extreme  cases  lameness  is  \x:t- 
rnanent,  the  toe  turns  up,  and  hor.se  walks  on  his  heel. 

Tkk.^tmknt. — 

If  taken  as  soon  as  it  breaks  open  at  the  top,  poultice  the 
foot  for  twenty-four  hours  to  soften  the  parts.  Then  give  the 
diseased  part  vent  at  the  bottom  to  allow  matter  to  run  out  if  it 
will;  but  if  none  is  found  at  the  bottom,  do  not  cut  hoof  to  make 
it  bleed,  as  that  would  oidy  make  another  sore.  Ojx>n  freely  at 
top  and  proV)e  with  a  sinr)oth  probe  to  find  depth  and  direction  of 
hole.  Then  follow  the  probe  with  a  knife,  and  ojien  right  out 
and  down  the  hoof,  as  far  as  the  hole  goes,  taking  out  a  V-shaped 
jiiece  <jf  the  wall  to  allow  escape  at  the  bottom,  instead  of  making 
it  come  out  of  the  tojx  Then  sjxHige  vit  with  warm  water  to 
cleanse  it,  and  follow  with  a  lotion  tnade  iS  follows. 

Sulphate  of  Copper 3  drachms. 

^Vat^•r  ;^  pint. 

il/i.r,  and  inject  well  down  into  the  wound. 

Also  flush  out  twice  a  day  with  the  Carbolic  lotion.  If  after 
a  week  the  woimd  does  not  appear  to  Ixi  doing  well,  change  the 
Copper  lotion  to  the  following: 

Sulphate  of  zinc 3  drachms. 

Water ^  pint. 

Afix. 

See  that  the  opening  is  down  at  the  tottom  all  the  time  to 
let  the  matter  out.  Foment  or  tub  the  foot  the  most  of  each  day, 
and  poultic-e  part  of  the  time  at  night.  Keep  the  shoe  ofl  until 
the  foot  is  well  enough  to  work;  then  put  on  a  bar  shoe  to  pro- 
tect the  weak  quarter. 


xr,«. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


305 


In  very  bad  cases,  where  several  pipes  are  running  in  as 
many  directions,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  open  each  one  fear- 
lessly. Then  go  on  with  lotions  as  above,  and  change  occasion- 
ally to  the  following: 

Corrosive  Sublimate 15  KTains. 

Water '  P'"^- 

Mix,  and  inject. 
In  long  continued  treatment  it  is  advisable  to  change  the 
lotions  every  week.  On  account  of  iiiflannnation,  foot  will  grow 
faster,  and  it  should  be  pared  down  occasionally.  When  discharge 
is  dried  up  and  disease  cured,  apply  Iodine  Ointment  to  the 
enlargement  to  reduce  it  (see  "Abscesses").  It  is  also  well  in 
some  cases  to  apply  a  bhster.  (See  "To  Blister."  under  "Ring- 
Bone.") 

SEEDY  TOE.— This  is  a  dry,  mealy  condition  of  the  wall 
of  the  toe. 

Causes.— "Ry  bruising  of  the  toe,  by  the  clip  of  shoe  being 
pounded  into  toe  too  tightly;  the  bruised  parts  take  on  a  sort  of 
dry  rot,  or  gangrene,  which  extends  up  between  the  wall  and  the 
laminae.  It  may  occur  at  other  parts  of  the  foot  than  the  toe, 
from  various  causes.  It  is  a  separation  of  the  two  layers  of  horn 
which  compose  the  crust  of  the  hoof,  resulting  from  disease  due 
to  bruises  or  faulty  condition  of  the  body. 

5>'7«/>/'<7;;».— When  shoe  is  removed,  a  m.aly,  whitish-looking 
substance  will  lie  seen  immediately  under  the  wall,  at  the  toe, 
running  up  toward  the  hair,  sometimes  an  inch  or  so,  and  may 
be  picked  or  broken  down  easily  with  a  nail,  leaving  a  hollow 
beneath  the  shell. 

Treatment. — 

Pare  away  the  wall  at  the  toe,  after  removing  the  shoe,  so 
as  to  take  the  bearing  therefrom.  Pick  out  all  the  mealy  sub- 
stance that  breaks  down  easily,  and  turn  in  warm  tar  and  press 
in  a  little  wad  of  tow.  Replace  the  shoe,  and  apply  a  mild 
Spanish  Fly  blister  to  the  coronet.      (See  "To  Blister,"  under 

"Ring  Bone.") 
to 


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306 


THK  PRACTICAL  v^TOCK  DOCTOR 


. ,  ii 


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CONTRACTIONS  OF  THE  FOOT.-  This  is  most 
always  the  cfffct  of  sonif  other  disease,  especially  when  had,  such 
as  navicular  disease,  cDriis,  sprains  of  the  tendons,  ligaments  aiul 
muscles  of  tl;e  k-'^s  or  shoulders.  Any  lonK-standinj;  lameness  is 
always  attended  with  more  or  k>s  contraction  of  that  foot  which 
is  favored.  It  may  also  he  the  result  of  had  inanagenient  in  the 
stable  or  blacksmith  sho]).  Leaving  >hoes  01;  for  six,  eight  or 
twelve  weeks  is  a  prolific  cause  of  the  trouble,  as  is  allowing  the 
feet  to  become  very  dry  by  standing  on  a  plank  floor  too  much  of 
the  time. 

6Vw/>/<w.v.  — The  horse  is  lame;  if  it  accompanies  Mme  other 
disease,  the  lameness  will  be  characteristic  of  that  disea.se,  and 
there  will  also  l)e  a  contraction  of  the  foot,  esjjecially  at  the  heels. 
The  hoof  will  also  be  hard  rmd  dry.  If  the  residt  of  poor  care  of 
the  feet,  and  lM)th  are  atTected,  the  action  will  Ix;  stilty,  striking 
the  toes  to  the  ground  first,  and  there  will  be  the  narrow  heels 
and  dry,  hard  hoofs. 

Trk.at.mkn'T. — 

If  the  shoes  have  been  on  a  long  time,  have  them  removed 
and  the  feet  dressed  as  for  shoeing,  but  do  not  cut  them  too  much; 
then  soften  up  the  feet  by  fomenting,  tubbing,  or  standing  in  a 
clay  puddle  (sec  Oi'Krations).  The  clay  puddle  is  perhaps  the 
best.  After  the  feet  are  well  softened,  have  the  horse  shod  with 
bar  shoes,  giving  (juite  a  little  frog  pressure  and  leaving  out  the 
heel  nails  in  nailing  the  shoe  on;  continue  tlu  fomenting,  allow- 
ing him  to  stand  in  the  water  or  puddle  two  or  three  hours  each 
day.  Turning  in  a  low  j)asture  is  also  good.  After  the  bar 
shoes  are  put  on,  the  animal  may  be  given  .slow  work.  After  the 
al)ove  treatment  has  been  contiinied  for  two  months,  if  there  is 
still  lameness  that  is  not  improving,  apply  a  Spanish  Fly  blister 
to  the  pastern  from  hoof  to  fetlock.  (See  "To  Bli.ster,"  under 
"Ring- Bone.") 


Itlirfj 

'         !,1 


GRAVEL  IN  THE  FOOT.— 

Causes.-  Cjrav(j\  is  apt  to  work  up  into  any  sore  in  the  foot, 
and  cause  much  trouble.  It  may  get  into  a  corn,  or  a  nail  hole 
made  in  shoeing,  or  by  one  picked  up  on  the  road  getting  under 


ilii!".  A.i-t  ^L  Htl-;^ : 


T^mW 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


30T 


tae  shoe  and  working  up  throuRh  the  foot.  It  may  Ret  into  the 
.lu.irtt-r  crack,  calks,  or  in  other  wounds,  and  it  always  causes 
increased  inHammation,  by  aggravating  existing  ufTection. 

5i7///'/'"«5.— There  is  lameness,  oftentimes  very  severe,  for 
which'  tliere  seems  to  be  no  cause;  by  removing  the  shrje  and 
exnminitig  the  foot  carefully,  may  fin.l  where  gravel  entered. 
After  a  lime  there  apivars  a  swellmg  at  the  coronet.  It  is  very 
-,.,10,  gets  larger  and  finally  breaks,  allowing  gravel  to  escape. 
The  lameness  improves  rapidly,  often  times  entirely  disappearing 
in  a  few  days. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

Asstjon  as  gravel  is  suspected,  poultice  the  foot,  continuously, 
changing  morning  and  night;  this  hastens  the  removal  of  the 
gravel;  soon  after  the  enlargement  appears  at  the  coronet  it  may 
be  opened  and  the  prcK-ess  hastened  somewhat.  After  the  gravel 
escaiK'S  treat  the  wound  as  for  "Calking,"  continue  the  poultice 
for  two  or  three  days,  and  keep  the  hole  well  flushed  out.  If 
poorly  cared  for,  a  cjuittor  is  apt  to  form. 

CANKER  IN  THE  FOOT.— Canker  of  the  foot  i«  a 
disease  due  to  the  rapid  reproduction  of  a  vegetable  parasite.  It 
not  only  destroys  the  sole  and  frog,  but  by  setting  up  a  chronic 
inflammation  in  the  deeper  tissues,  prevents  the  growth  of 
healthy  horn  by  which  the  injury  might  be  repaired.  Heavy 
cart  horses  are  more  alTected  than  any  other  class. 

Causes.— The  essential  element  in  the  production  of  cankers 
is,  of  course,  the  presence  of  the  parasite;  consequently  the  dis- 
ease may  be  called  contagious.  But  as  in  all  diseases  due  to 
six'cific  causes,  a  suitable  soil  must  be  found  in  which  to  grow, 
before  tiiey  can  l)e  reproduced.  Dampness  is  a  favorable  con- 
dition. Filthy  stables;  muddy  roads;  and  injuries  to  the  feet 
that  expose  the  soft  tissues,  are  predisjxjsing  causes. 

5VW//./.7.7:..— Usually  canker  attacks  one  foot;  it  may  attack 
two,  three,  cr  all  of  the  feet  at  once;  or,  as  is  more  commonly 
seen,  the  disease  attacks  first  one,  and  then  another,  until  all 
may  have  been  successively  affected.  When  disease  follows  injury 
which  hat  e:      ...d  the  soft  tissues  of  the  foot,  the  wound  does 


i 


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3o8 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Lli 


not  heal,  but  instead  there  is  secreted  a  thiti.  watery  di^rharRe 
from  inflamed  i>art.  which  undermines  an.!  dostrovs  lb.-  surroun.l- 
in>;  horn,  until  a  lar^e  part  of  s<,lc  and  fr.n;  are  disca-<(l  The 
living  tissues  are  swollon,  dark-c„!„rt.i,  an.l  cmvral  at  points 
wilh  new,  soft.  yellowiMi,  thready  h„rn.  vhieh  is  constantly 
soaked  in  the  almndant  secretions.  As  Miis  stxr.tion  escapes  to 
surronndinK  parts,  it  dries  an.l  f-.rius  sniali.  ehe.  sv  masses  com- 
ix>sed  lu  part  of  the  parlly  dried  horny  matter.  exceeditiRly 
..ITensive  to  smell.  When  disease  results  independent  of  injury 
the  J,rst  evidences  are  the  offensive  smell,  the  li.,uid  secretion 
from  cleft  and  sides  of  the  IroK.  and  the  rotting  away  of  the  horn 
of  frog  and  sole. 

Treatment. — 

Fir.t   clean    the    i,„.t    with  -.varm  water,  and  then  apply  a 
poultice  eontainiuK  either  a  Iiandtu!  of  charcoal,  or  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  Carlwlic  Acid.     TIk   diseased  portions  of  horn  are  now  to 
Ik-  carefully  n  move.!  with  sharp  instruments  until  only  healthy 
horn  borders  the  pat  is.     Pare  etlges  of  sound  horn  thin,  so  that 
the  swollen,  soft  tis-iUes  may  not  overlap  their  borders.     Cut  ofT 
all  pnmiinent  points  of  the  soft   tissues,  .shorten  the  walls  of  the 
foot,  and  nail  on  a  broad,  plain  shoe.     Give  the  newly  shod  foot 
a  bath  f.jr  an  hour  or  two  a  day  in  a  solution  made  by  adding 
2  ounces  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  to  a  gallon  of  water.     Also  use 
freely  the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion,   and  White  Lotion  (page  263). 
vSaturate   cloths  with    the    solutions   and    bind    them    onto   the 
affected  part.     Change  dressings  once  a  day,  or  even  twice  a  day 
at  first.     When  they  arc  removed,  all  pieces  of  horny  matter, 
which  are  now  firmly  adherent,  must  be  rubbed  ofl  with  the 
finger,  or  a  piece  of  cloth.     As  secretions  diminish,  dry  jxjwders 
may  prove  an  advantage,  such  as  Calomel,  vSulphate  of  Iron, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  etc.     The  sulphates  must  not  be  used  pure, 
but  with   animal   charcoal  in  the  proportion  of    i  part  of  the 
sulphate  to  8  parts  of  charcoal.     When  soft  tissues  are  all  horned 
over,  the  dressings  should  be  continued  for  a  time,  weak  solutions 
being  used,  to  prevent  recurrence;  of  the  disease.     If  patient  is 
run  down  in  condition,  give  the  tonic  as  recommended  for  "Chronic 
Indigestion." 


disi:asks  oi-  the  horse 


309 


ACUTE  FOUNDER.— This  i«  an  iiiflammatior.  of  the 
sensitive   part  of   tlic   foot,   or    what   is  commonly   called   the 

"(luiik." 

(',ti4Sfs. — It  may  l)e  canned  by  f)verwork,  in  which  the  fuel 
arc  ixnmdcd  and  hnii>ed,  causing  inflammation  of  the  laminae, 
or  leaves;  inflammation  may  leave  some  other  part  of  the  iKxly 
and  go  to  the  feet  by  a  peculiar  transference  called  metastasis,  as 
m  congestion  of  the  liuigs.  pleurisy,  cf)lic,  inflammation  of  the 
Iiowels  following  parturition,  etc.  Drinking  cold  water  when 
warm,  or  standing  in  a  draft  when  heated,  will  cause  it  Jiome- 
timcs  a  feeding  of  wheat  will  cause  indigestion  and  then  turn  to 
a  bad  case  of  founder.  Over  eating  of  wheat  or  c(jrn  is  a  very  com- 
mon cause.  Hard  driving  on  dry  roads  when  shoes  are  poor,  or 
IvK)r  shoeing,  may  also  cause  it.  Flat  Ket  are  predisfK)sed  to  the 
disease. 

Symptoms.  — 'Y\\*i  acute  form  is  easily  recognized  by  the  horse 
Deing  in  great  pain,  persistently  standing  in  one  place,  as  if  riveted 
there,  it  iK-ing  almost  imiHjssible  to  make  him  move  in  any  direc- 
tion, especially  backward.  He  stands  with  front  feel  out  in  front 
throwing  weight  on  heels,  hind  feet  drawn  well  up  under  him. 
He  absolutely  cannot  Ixick.  but  will  hang  the  body  back,  throwing 
most  of  the  weight  on  the  hind  legs  and  stretching  the  fore  legs  as 
far  forward  as  he  can.  \i  he  tries  to  lift  a  foot  it  causes  so  much 
pain  in  the  other  one  that  he  ceases  trying,  and  acts  as  though  the 
f(X)t  were  fast  on  the  floor.  The  pulse  is  quickened,  temperature 
raised,  mucous  membranes  become  red  and  injected,  breathing 
quickened,  may  sweat  profusely, will  not  lie  down,  and  appetite  is 
more  or  less  lost.  The  striking  symptom  is  inability  to  back;  if 
an  effort  is  made  to  force  animal  back,  the  body  will  iuchne  back- 
ward without  foot  motion.  When  exhausted  from  standing, 
horse  will  drop,  and  will  lie  down  most  of  time  afterward,  often- 
times absolutely  refusing  to  get  up.  The  inflammation  is  followed 
by  an  effusion  of  water  which  separates  the  leaves  or  laminae  of  the 
'  'quick' '  from  the  homy  part,  forcing  the  toe  of  the  foot  downward, 
forming  pumiced  foot  if  it  is  not  attended  to  ( see  "Pumiced  Foot' ' ) . 
Sometimes  the  inflammation  goes  on  to  suppuration.  Matter  forms 
and  extends  around  the  hoofs,  and  may  cause  them  to  drop  off  in 


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THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


very  severe  cases.  If  the  case  is  not  properly  treated,  it  becomes 
incurable,  forming  what  might  be  called  chronic,  acute  founder. 
The  animal  presents  a  pitiable  sight.  He  goes  hobbling  along 
with  his  front  feet  well  out  in  front  of  him,  keeping  the  weight 
on  his  heels,  his  hind  feet  drawn  up  under  him;  the  sole  of  the 
hoof  is  pushed  down,  the  toes  become  long  and  turn  up,  and  there 
are  rougli  ridges  running  crosswise  of  the  wall.  Acute  founder 
is  one  of  the  most  painful  conditions  the  horse  is  subject  to. 

Treatment. — 

The  treatment  should  be  prompt  and  vigorous,  in  wliich  case 
the  majority  of  the  cases  recover.  It  is  both  local  and  internal. 
Locally,  wrap  the  feet  in  large  blankets  and  keep  wet  with  cold 
water,  applying  the  water  every  fifteen  to  thirty  minutes;  where  it 
is  possible  the  feet  may  be  tublied  (see  Operations),  but  it  is 
often  impossible  to  get  the  animal  into  the  tub.  Keep  np  the 
fomentation  continuously  throughout  the  day;  at  night  can 
change  to  poultice  if  it  is  iK)ssible  to  get  the  feet  np  to  app'  ♦he 
poultice;  if  not,  keep  up  the  fomentations  well  into  the  n.^'.it, 
and  continue  them  until  all  inflammation  is  gone  and  the  lame- 
ne.ss  subsides.  After  he  is  somewhat  improved,  use  the  clay 
puddle  part  of  the  time.  If  the  horse  persists  in  standing,  give 
him  a  sling,  uidess  he  should  lie  in  it  too  heavily,  in  which 
ca.se  it  will  have  to  be  taken  away.  If  he  lies  down,  keep  the 
fomentations  on  the  same,  and  roll  him  over  three  or  four  times  a 
day,  and  keep  him  lying  npon  his  chest  part  of  the  time  at 
least.  After  being  down  for  two  or  three  days,  best  try  to  get 
him  onto  his  feet  for  a  little  while.  The  local  treatment  is  very 
important.      Remove  the  shoes  as  soon  as  it  is  possible  to  do  so. 

Internally,  if  from  any  of  the  causes  except  following  colic 
or  inflammation  of  the  intestines,  give  a  purgative  (6  drachms  of 
Aloes,  or  3,i  pound  of  Epsom  Salts);  repeat  the  third  day,  u.sing  a 
smaller  dose,  if  the  bowels  do  not  move  freely.  If  following  colic, 
give  from  a  pint  to  a  quart  of  raw  Linseed  Oil.  Peed  a  light 
laxative  diet,  and  grass  if  in  .season;  if  not,  a  little  hay,  scalded 
oats,  bran  ma.sh,  and  a  handful  or  two  of  Linseed  meal  at  a  feed. 
Give  water  frequently;  also  give  the  following. 


».Ba.^K*«  *i' 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


3'i 


Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite i  rlrachm. 

Fluid  lixtract  of  Belladonna I  ounce. 

Fluid  ICxtractof  Colchicum  Seed....  yi  ounce. 

Saltpeter 2  ounces. 

Water  to  make i  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:   2  ounces,  five  times  between 
5  o'clock  A.  JI.  and  midnight. 

After  improvement  commences,  give  four  times  a  day,  and  later 
three  times  a  daj*.  After  two  or  three  days,  leave  the  Fluid  Extract 
(if  Aconite  out  of  the  prescription  and  put  into  the  prescription  in 
its  place,  3  drachms  of  the  Fluid  Extract  of  Digitalis.  After  im- 
provement is  well  started,  withhold  the  internal  treatment  for 
two  or  three  days,  and  then  give  again  for  a  few  days.  After 
three  or  four  weeks,  if  there  is  still  some  lameness,  blister  the 
pastern  from  hoof  to  fetlock,  using  Spanish  V\y  blister.  (See  "To 
Blister"  under  "  Ring-Bone." )     Blister  only  one  at  a  time. 

Where  the  case  has  been  allowed  to  run,  and  this  acute  form 
becomes  chronic,  treat  as  for  "Pumiced  Foot."  ALso  use  the 
rubber  cushion  pad  when  shoeing. 


SORE    FEET    (CHRONIC    FOUNDER.)— This  is  a 

form  of  founder,  when  it  has  been  of  long-standing;  has  become 
a  part  of  the  organizetl  system,  btit  is  not  attended  with  fever, 
other  than  slight  local  heat. 

Causes. — Hard  work,  especially  driving  on  hard  roads;  bad 
shoeing,  letting  the  shoe  rest  too  much  on  the  sole;  standing  on  a 
dry  floor,  and  letting  feet  become  hard,  dry,  and  contracted. 
Flat  feet  are  predisposed  to  the  affection. 

Syinptoins. — Are  a  modification  of  the  acute  form.  In  bad 
cases  there  is  difficult  backing,  lameness,  pointing  of  the  feet, 
first  one  and  then  the  other;  horse  will  go  ofT  with  a  shambling 
Rait,  as  though  the  legs  were  all  stiff,  keeping  the  feet  well  out 
in  front,  throwing  the  weight  on  the  heels,  giving  chest  the 
appearance  of  being  drawn  in.  Some  make  the  mistake  of 
thinking  the  chest  is  foundered.  Shoes  will  be  worn  off  at  the 
heels,  and  when  pointing  them  he  will  extend  the  feet  and  rest 
them  on  the  heel,  turning  up  toes  as  much  as  possible.  Horses 
with  this  disease  will  choose  the  soft  parts  of  the  road.     Hoofs 


i 


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'jii  ■■ 


312 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


will  feel  hot  all  the  time,  and  there  will  be  uneven  growth  of 
hoof,  forming  rings.  Foot  becomes  much  contracted,  and  hoofs 
brittle.  Is  worse  on  hard  ground,  and  much  worse  going  down 
hill.  Drains  the  front  feet  in  backing,  pulling  the  straw  from 
the  stall  in  backing  out.  While  the  horse  will  warm  up  some 
after  starting,  a  long  drive  always  makes  him  much  worse 
for  a  few  days  afterward.  In  turning  around  short,  horse  steps 
one  front  foot  over  the  other  in  a  peculiar  and  awkward  manner. 

Treatment. — 

If  long-standing,  the  lieatment  is  generally  not  very  satisfac- 
tory. The  first  thing  is  to  rest  and  soften  the  feet;  to  do  this 
tub  or  stand  in  the  clay  puddle  (see  OrER.\TiONS).  Keep  the 
horse  in  these  at  least  one-half  of  each  day;  if  a  mild  case  and 
horse  is  worked  some,  put  him  in  an  hour  or  two  in  the  morning, 
at  noon,  and  again  in  the  evening.  Turning  into  a  low  pasture 
is  good;  avoid  hard  roads  and  keep  on  soft  ground  as  much  as 
possible.  Keep  off  from  dry,  plank  floors.  Shoe  with  a  bar  shoe, 
and  if  flat-footed  use  a  wide  web,  covering  a  good  part  of  the  sole, 
but  have  the  upper  surface  of  the  web  beveled  so  as  not  to  press 
on  the  sole,  or  use  the  rubber  cushion  pad  in  shoeing.  If  this 
treatment  fails,  blister  the  pastern  as  in  "Acute  Founder." 

FLAT  FEET  AND  LOW  HEELS.— While  this  is  not 
a  disease  it  is  a  conformation  which  is  very  subject  to  disease, 
aud  in  order  to  prevent  the  various  diseases  to  which  such  feet  are 
subject,  careful  shoeing  is  necessary'.  Do  not  leave  the  shoes  on 
too  long  without  setting;  not  over  four  weeks,  and  in  some  cases 
they  should  be  set  oftener.  Use  a  bar  shoe,  giving  a  good  degree 
of  frog  pressure;  have  the  upper  surface  of  the  web  beveled  so  it 
will  not  press  upon  the  sole.  The  rubber  pad  is  good  for  this 
class  of  feet. 

SHOEING.— While  whole  books  are  written  upou  this 
subject,  we  simply  wish  to  call  attention  to  a  few  points.  In 
preparing  the  foot  for  the  shoe,  do  not  cut  too  much.  If  a  shoe 
has  been  removed,  cut  away  what  has  been  prevented  from  wear- 
ing away.  Cut  from  the  frog  only  the  loose,  ragged  pieces.  The 
sides  of  the  bars  should  not  be  cut  at  all;  the  lower  edge  can  be 


T?m&miE^W'7!^m^jsr^'m-^^:^im!im  -^i^^^^i^^r^P^' 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


313 


taken  off  a  little  if  it  has  grown  well  down;  from  the  sole  remove 
only  that  which  has  scaled  up  and  partially  separated,  and 
remove  enough  from  the  lower  border  of  the  wall  to  bring  it  even 
with  the  sole;  be  sure  this  border  of  the  wall  is  level.  Be  careful 
about  cutting  down  the  heels  too  much,  they  need  to  be  left 
strong.  Never  "open  up  the  heels,"  as  the  blacksmith  calls  it, 
which  is  simply  cutting  away  parts  of  the  bars  and  frog-struct- 
ures that  should  be  left  strong.  Do  not  keep  a  hot  shoe  against 
the  hoof  for  any  length  of  time.  In  summer,  shoe  road  horses, 
Lspecially  in  fiont,  with  plates— shoes  without  calks.  Shoes 
should  be  set  every  month  or  six  weeks,  deix-nding  somewhat  on 
the  shape  of  th'  foot.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  let  farm  horses  wuich 
do  not  go  on  the  road  much,  go  barefooted  for  awhile  each  spring; 
and  some  hor.^s  with  good  feet,  and  on  clay  or  sandy  farms,  can 
go  without  shoes  all  summer.  The  feet  should  be  trimmed  occa- 
sionally, however,  and  kept  in  good  shajie.  In  .shoeing,  the  front 
of  the  hoof  should  never  be  rasped  above  the  nail  clinches. 

PUMICED  FOOT.— This  disease  is  generally  the  result 
of  acute  founder  when  disease  has  been  allowed  to  run  too  long. 
When  inflammation  in  the  feet  is  allowed  to  run  on  several  days 
before  treatment  is  applied,  the  connection  between  the  sensitive 
and  insensitive  laminae,  or  leaves,  is  destroyed  by  the  effusion 
that  soaks  them  apart,  letting  the  toe  of  the  l)one  tip  onto  the 
•sole,  pushing  it  down  to  the  ground,  and  making  the  lower  sur- 
face convex,  instead  of  concave  as  it  should  be.  In  some  cases 
the  bone  will  punch  quite  through. 

5y»M/>/tfW5.— Take  up  the  foot,  and  instead  of  seeing  a  nice, 
cup-shaped  sole,  it  will  be  found  bulged  down  toward  the  ground, 
making  it  oval  the  wrong  way.  If  bone  is  punching  through,  it 
will  be  seen,  and  will  leave  no  doubt  as  to  what  it  is.  Horse 
will  be  lame,  with  all  characteristics  of  chronic  founder. 

Treatment.— 

Nothing  can  be  done  to  cure  the  disease.  Horse  will  be  worth 
nothing  for  road  work,  but  he  may  be  made  to  work  pretty  well 
on  the  farm,  at  slow  work  by  blistering  him  around  the  tops  of 
the  hoofs  as  in  chronic  founder.  Then  turn  him  out  for  some  time 


IKfWSSSS 


>it: 


■^i/W 


If.- 


WL^^LiMM'JMLL 


314 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


''I 


l»  i- 


with  a  wicle-wthlKcl  bar  shoe,  wcl  calked  up,  and  have  it  well 
beveled,  so  he  will  not  have  to  bear  any  wei,i;lit  on  the  sole  of  the 
foot:  have  the  whole  weight  come  '-  -  the  wall,  and  also  have  the 
shoes  set  re^idar  abont  once  a  nioi'  Keep  the  animal  staudiug  in 
a  moist  place.    In  very  batl  cases  the  animal  should  be  destroyed. 

CORNS.— Corns  generally  affect  the  front  feet,  but  may  l)e 
foinul  ou  all;  are  also  found  most  on  inside  heel  of  front  feet,  but 
may  be  on  outside  heel. 

G7«.?r.?.— Horses  with  weak,  flat  heels  are  most  subject  to 
them,  and  they  are  usually  brought  on  by  bad  shoeing,  the  shoe 
resting  too  heavy  on  the  heel  and  I iruising  the  sole  between  the 
bar  and  quarter  of  the  wall.  Driving  on  hard  roads  has  a  tendency 
to  bring  on  corns;  steady  driving  will  also  cause  them;  neglect 
on  the  part  of  the  owner  to  have  shoes  set  often  enough  is  a  com- 
mon cause,  the  foot  growing  out  over  the  shoe. 

Sywpioms.—hdmciKss  appears,  slight  perhaps  at  first,  but 
growing  worse.  Horse  will  show  inclination  to  favor  sore  quar- 
ter, and  shoe  is  not  worn  as  much  on  that  heel;  heat  will  some- 
times be  noticed  in  sore  ([uarter  if  hand  is  applied  to  foot.  Tap- 
ping with  a  hammer  will  make  horse  flinch  when  sore  part  is 
reached,  and  he  will  thrust  fcxit  forward,  resting  on  the  toe  and 
raising  heel  from  the  ground.  If  on  both  feet,  he  will  point 
first  one,  then  the  other.  If  corns  are  small  and  not  very  sore, 
he  will  go  better  after  getting  warmed  up,  but  after  a  rest  will  be 
as  bad,  or  worse,  than  before.  When  festered  there  is  great  lame- 
ness, and  he  will  hardly  touch  heel  to  the  ground,  moving  only 
with  great  reluctruice.  When  the  shoe  is  removed  and  the  horny 
sole  at  the  quarter  cut  away,  a  purple  sjwt  is  foinid  just  Ijefore 
reaching  the  sensitive  sole,  in  the  angle  between  the  wall  and  bar, 
near  the  heel. 

Trk.xtment. — 

Remove  the  shoe,  pare  out  the  sole  of  the  quarter  well,  but  do 
not  cut  quite  through  to  sensitive  sole  unless  there  is  pus,  in 
which  case  let  it  out;  the  thiiming  of  the  sole  relieves  the  pres- 
sure; then  put  foot  in  a  Linseed  poultice  made  up  soft  with  hot 
water.     Leave  it  uu  Iwealy-lour  hours,  then  renew   it.     While 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


315 


pmltice  is  off,  examine  to  see  if  foot  needs  any  more  paring;  if 
]ms  has  formed  a  deep  hole,  you  will  need  to  cut  hoof  away  to 
allow  matter  to  escape  freely;  if  not  well  done,  it  will  work  up 
through  the  top  of  the  hoof.  If  cut  through  to  allow  escape  of 
pus,  before  renewing  poultice,  pour  into  the  opening  a  little  Car- 
bolic Acid  solution,  and  White  Lotion  (page  263).  Repeat  dres- 
sing once  a  day  initil  all  the  soreness  is  gone,  and  the  horse  will 
stand  on  the  foot  as  well  as  ever;  then  stop  poulticing.  If  a 
jiroud-flesh-like  gfowtli  starts  to  grow  from  wound,  dust  into  it 
burned  Alum  or  Sulphate  of  Zinc.  The  hoof  pared  away  will 
soon  grow  again.  The  foot  may  be  tubl)ed  in  place  of  the 
jxjultice  (see  "Founder").  When  dry,  and  horse  walks  sound 
on  the  foot,  put  a  bar  on  the  shoe  to  protect  the  weak  quarter, 
giving  frog  a  gentle  pressure.  Keep  the  wound  clean  until  it 
fdls  in  with  horn.  When  shoeing  afterward,  avoid  too  heavy 
bearing  on  the  heels.  When  quarter  has  grown  out  and  is 
strong,  the  bar  shoe  may  be  replaced  with  an  open  one.  If  the 
foot  is  much  contracted,  take  the  bearing  off  the  quarters  by 
reducing  the  walls  a  little,  so  as  to  have  the  appearance  of  the 
shoe  having  been  sprung  off  the  heels,  but  let  the  shoe  be  per- 
fectly level,  and  give  quite  heavy  frog  pressure. 

A  foot  that  is  inclined  to  have  corns  should  be  shod  often — 
every  three  or  four  weeks— and  the  quarters  cleaned  out  each 
time.  The  bar-shoe  may  have  to  be  used  continuously.  Extra 
care  will  have  to  be  taken  of  feet  that  have  had  corns,  to  keep 
them  soft.  Soak  them  in  a  tub  of  either  cold  or  warm  water,  or 
pack  the  hoof  with  Linseed  meal  or  Oil  Cake  meal,  wet  up  with 
warm  water.  If  ihere  is  fever  in  the  feet,  put  on  swabs,  made  of 
felt  or  pieces  of  old  blanket  or  woolen  cloth,  folded  under  the 
foot  and  tied  around  the  pastern,  wetting  often  with  hot  or  cold 
water. 

THRUSH  IN  THE  FEET.— Thrush  is  the  name  given 
to  a  disease  of  the  frog.  It  is  an  inflammation  and  ulceration  of 
the  frog,  attended  with  a  very  offensive  discharge.  In  some 
cases  the  insensitive  frog  rots  completely  off,  and  the  disease 
extends  down  into  the  cieft. 


316 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


■t\ 


J,; 


fm 


Causes.— The  most  cotnmon  cause  is  the  filtlij-  condition  of 
stables  in  which  animal  is  kept.  Marcs  are  more  apt  to  contrac/ 
the  disease  in  the  hind  feet  when  from  this  cause,  while  Reldings 
and  stallions  are  most  apt  to  have  it  in  the  fore  feet.  Hani  work 
on  rough,  stony  roads:  change  from  dryness  to  excessive  moist- 
ure; iinddy  streets  where  mineral  substances  are  plentiful;  and 
some  disea.ses  such  as  contracted  heels,  scratches,  an<l  navicular 
disease  predisjwse  to  thrush.  An  unthrifty  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem predisposes  to  it. 

Syi>if>fo»is. — At  first  there  is  simply  increased  moisture  in  the 
cleft  of  the  frog,  accompanied  by  an  ofTensive  smell.  After  a 
time  a  considerable  discharge  takes  place— thin,  watery,  and 
highly  ofTensive— changing  graduall\-  to  a  thicker,  pus-like  mat- 
ter, which  rapidly  destroys  the  horn  of  the  frog.  As  the  disease 
advances,  the  horse  becomes  lame  and  the  inflammation  may 
extend  to  the  back  part  of  the  heels.  In  bad  cases  the  pus 
collects  and  separates  the  ni.sensitixe  frog  from  the  sensitive  one 
underneath. 

Tre.\tment. — 

Keep  horse  out  of  wet  and  dirt,  and  keep  the  stable  clean. 
Trim  of!  all  the  ragged  parts  of  the  frog,  clean  out  holes  and  cre\- 
ices  and  cut  away  any  horny  frog  that  has  separated;  then  poultice 
a  day  or  two  with  Linseed  meal,  using  a  Carbolic  Acid  solution  for 
making  the  poultice,  and  add  a  handful  of  charcoal.  Then  clean 
the  cleft  of  frog  and  grooves  on  ed.ges,  and  fill  them  with  dry 
Calomel,  using  a  case  knife  or  some  instrument  to  .see  that  all 
places  are  well  filled.  If  discharge  is  profuse,  repeat  daily, 
otherwise  let  a  day  intervene  between  application.  Continue 
until  all  discharge  ceases.  If  horny  frog  is  removed,  protect 
imtil  a  new  one  is  formed  by  fastening  cloth  under  the  bottom  of 
the  foot.  In  bad  cases  give  internally  a  laxative  and  also  a  tea- 
spoouful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day. 

NAILS  IN  THE  FEET  ;  PUNCTURES.-- 

Causes. — May  come  from  driving  a  nail  against  the  quick 
when  shoeing;  or  a  nail  may  be  picked  up  in  the  street.     It  is 


nnPOTir 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


3'7 


oftLii  done  by  stepping  on  a  board  containing  a  nail,  which  often 
pulls  out  as  horse  steps  off,  or  the  nail  may  be  broken  and  left 
inside. 

Symptoms. —  Sudden  lameness  denotes  that  something  is 
wrong.  Examine  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  if  necessary  pull  off 
the  shoe.  If  a  shoe  nail  has  punctured  the  quick,  it  will  be  moist 
and  black.  If  a  nail  is  found  anywhere  in  the  foot,  pull  out  care- 
fully so  as  not  to  break  it  off.  Should  it  :  reak  off,  pare  away  the 
hoof  around  it,  get  hold  with  nippers  and  pull  it  out.  If  the  nail 
was  in  a  board  and  pulled  out  when  the  foot  was  lifted,  by  care- 
fully examining  the  hole  may  be  found.  The  lameness  will 
accord  with  amount  of  injury;  if  the  tendon  that  plays  over 
the  navicular  joint  is  pierced,  it  will  be  great,  long-continued  and 
sometimes  permanent.  In  many  cases  there  is  high  fever,  great 
pain,  restlessness,  blowing,  redness  of  eyes,  and  horse  will  not  lie 
down.  Will  paw  or  continuously  raise  the  feet.  Sometimes  loss 
of  appetite;  flanks  tucked  up,  and  great  pain  is  evidenced, 
especially  if  wound  is  in  hind  foot,  and  more  so  still  if  navicular 
joint  is  punctured.  In  latter  ca.se  there  will  be  a  discharge  of 
joint  oil,  which  clots  like  blood  after  riiiining  out.  When  dress- 
ing, amber-colored  matter  is  found  on  poultice.  In  bad  cases,  leg 
swells  even  to  body.  There  is  great  heat  in  foot  and  leg,  and 
l)ain  is  shown  if  foot  is  lapped.  There  will  be  a  swelling,  hard 
and  hot,  in  hollow  of  pastern  and  around  heels,  with  imich  tend- 
erness to  touch.  Cases  in  which  the  joint  is  not  woi.  ided  may 
become  serious  if  wound  is  not  properly  treated. 

TrEATmknt. — 

When  shoe  is  taken  off  and  puncture  is  found,  pare  away  the 
horn  for  .some  distance  around  the  opening,  and  at  the  point 
where  the  nail  entered,  open  to  the  quick  ;  this  will  remove 
pressure  when  it  swells.  Then  turn  in  a  small  quantity  of 
strong  Carbolic  solution —  i  of  Acid  to  20  of  water.  Now 
put  the  foot  in  a  poultic-e  of  Linseed  meal;  change  once  a 
day  and  examine  the  wound  each  time  to  see  that  any  matter 
that  forms  can  escape.  Or,  instead  of  the  poultice,  the  foot  may 
be  tubbed,  or  they  may  be  alternated.  (See  "Founder"  for 
tubbing) .    In  mild  cases,  wounds  will  get  well  soon,  lamcucss  will 


I  'i^l 


318 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


m 


disappear,  ami  horse  can  be  shod  and  nsed.  If  a  had  case  and 
much  matter  forms,  it  will  extend  under  the  hotjf  and  spread. 
In  order  to  prevent  this,  it  is  Ijest  to  remove  that  part  of  lioof 
which  has  matter  under  it.  The  same  rule  api)lies  to  frog;  some- 
times matter  works  under  the  frog,  and  it  Ik.s  to  be  removed,  but 
a  new  one  forms  quickly. 

A  hot  poultice  is  perhaps  best,  except  when  the  joint  is 
punctured,  then  put  on  a  cold  one  instead.  At  each  dressing  put 
on  Carbolic  lotion,  and  poultice  right  over  it.  Should  proud  flesh 
come  up,  apply  burned  Alum  or  Sulphate  of  Zinc  once  a  day;  if 
it  comes  up  suddenly,  and  large  like  one's  thumb,  cut  it  oflf  with 
perfect  safety,  then  when  bleeding  stops,  apply  the  Alum  or  Zinc. 
When  there  is  no  more  matter,  and  lameness  is  nearly  gone, 
leave  off  poultice  and  dress  once  a  day  with  the  Carlx>lic  lotion, 
also  White  Lotion  (page  263).  If  joint  is  opened,  the  accident 
becomes  very  serious;  continue  the  poultice,  and  bathe  the  foot 
with  White  Lotion  twice  daily.  Tub  with  cold  water  part 
of  the  time  in  place  of  the  pfMiltice.  Do  not  try  to  stop  the  dis- 
charge suddenly.  Put  a  sling  under  the  animal  if  he  will  not  lie 
down.  Feed  lightly  on  laxative  diet,  and  give  the  following 
internally: 

I'hiid  Hxtract  Acoiiile 2  drachms 

Fhiid  Ivxtract  Belladonna 2  ounces. 

Fluid  Rxtract  Colchiciiiii  Seed i  ounce. 

Saltpeter -^  ounces. 

Water  to  make .' i  (juart. 

Shake.  Dose:  2  ounies,  tliree  tinKS  a  day. 
Afier  giving  for  live  days,  discontinue  for  two 
or  three  days  and  jfive  again. 


-,  I 


ffS     ' 


Neglected  nail  pricks  are  apt  to  be  followed  with  lock-jaw, 
tor  this  reason  nail  pricks  should  always  be  opened  freely  to 
admit  the  air  (see  "Lock-jaw").  The  outer  opening  of  the 
puncture  should  never  be  allowed  to  close  quickly,  but  keep  freely 
oi:)en  and  use  strong  Carlx)lic  Acid  lotion  freely.  When  a  valu- 
able horse  receives  a  nail  prick,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  have  a  veteri- 
narian give  an  injection  of  the  tetanus  ami -toxin  as  a  preventive 
against  lock-jaw. 


Lt 


r^^^-^TBw-ng.^^-  T^r^frmTW' 


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*\'lft>',l''.    ."/m 


DISi: ASKS  OP  THI':  HORSK 


3»9 


QUARTER  CRACKS  AND  SAND  CRACKS.-These 

are  cracks  in  the  houf ,  usually  cxtuiuling  IciigUuvise  of  the  fibre, 
though  sometimes  they  may  break  across  the  fibre  for  a  distance 
(if  an  inch  or  more.  They  sometimes  extend  through  the  hoof 
into  the  laminae,  or  quick,  and  cause  lameness.  Quarter  cracks 
occur  at  the  (juarters,  usually  on  the  inside  (parter,  on  accoun'; 
(-1'  that  one  being  thinner  aiul  weaker  lhc»:'  the  outer  one.  Sand 
cracks  may  come  on  the  hoof  anywhere  forwi.rd  of  the  (quarters, 
and  are  so  called  because  more  common  in  sandy  sections. 

Caitsfs. — A  brittle  condition  of  the  hoof,  from  want  of  suf- 
ficient moisture.  Sometimes  the  lujofs  become  cracked  from  the 
heating,  drying  influence  of  sandy  roads,  stony  j)avement.-.  it. 
cities,  and  long  continued  want  of  moisture,  A  transfer  from 
pasture  to  a  dry  stable  floor  maj-  produce  cracks.  Small  feet 
with  hard  hoofs,  and  feet  that  are  excessively  large,  are  more 
susceptible  to  sand  cracks  than  those  of  better  projxjrtions. 
Heavy  shoes,  large  nails,  and  nails  .set  too  far  back  toward  the 
heels,  with  such  diseases  as  canker  and  cjuittor,  cxrcasionally  cause 
sand  cracks,  while  fast  work  on  hard  roads,  jumping,  injuries  to 
the  coronet,  and  calk  wounds  of  the  feet,  when  they  injure  the 
coronet,  are  causes  of  quarter  crack. 

Synifiloins. — A  crack  or  split  in  the  hoof,  which  may  be  onU' 
at  top  or  bottom,  and  very  short,  or  in  the  center  between  top  and 
Ixjttom;  or  it  may  extend  from  top  to  lx)ttom.  It  may  extend  in 
but  a  little  way,  or  go  in  to  the  quick  .so  that  soft  parts  are 
pinched  between  edges  of  crack,  causing  great  lameness.  The 
lameness  may  come  on  gradually  or  at  once,  dejiending  whether 
crack  extends  at  once  to  fjuick  or  deepens  by  degrees.  The  quar- 
ter crack  is  generally  more  serious  than  the  sand  crack. 

Treatment. — 

Remove  the  shoe  and  reduce  the  wall  of  that  quarter,  to  take 
off  bearing,  and  apply  a  bar-shoe  giving  frog  pressure.  If 
broken  through  into  the  quick,  take  a  sharp,  shoeing  knife  and 
pare  down  the  edges  of  the  crack  the  whole  length,  enough 
to  relieve  the  pinching,  but  not  through  to  the  (juick,  and  for  a 
half  inch  on  each  side  the  crack,  to  make  it  pliable.  Then  take 
a  sharp  knife,  or  a  file,  and  cut  across  the  crack  at  the  top,  nearly 


i    ' 


■N^WSaFS 


120 


Till-:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i) 


B 


to  Iht  miick.  Make  cut  at  least  an  inch  long;  th;-;  is  to  prevent 
ihu  crack  frunicniUinuing,  and  the  new  hoof  will  grow  tlo"  w  sound 
and  natural.  If  the  crack  does  not  wXtend  to  the  quick,  it  is 
not  ncce^>ary  to  pare  away  edges.  This  you  may  kuow  by  the 
iK^rse  not  Ixuig  lame.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  cut  across  the  crack 
at  the  top,  and  to  take  off  lx;aring  at  the  lK.)ttoiu,  but  not  to  cut 
as  deep  as  in  severe  cases.  Then  have  a  plate  of  iron  or  a>pper, 
half  inch  wide,  and  an  inch  and  one-half  h^ng,  screwed  on  across 
the  crack;  have  screws  alwjut  one-fourth  of  an  inch  lung,  and 
scrcA-  theni  into  the  ho<:)f,  while  the  assistant  draws  the  edges  of 
theciack  together  with  a  pair  of  jMnccrs;  the  horse  at  the  time 
.staiidiiig  on  the  other  foot  to  take  the  weight  off  the  one  Ix-'ing 
treated.  C)r,  ni  place  of  the  plate,  cut  a  little  shoulder  in  the 
wall,  three-quarters  of  an  inch  back  from  the  crack  on  each  side; 
bend  a  piece  of  slid  wire  much  the  shajK- of  a  hog  ring;  fit  the 
l)oiiUs  of  the  wire  against  the  shoulders  and  press  together  with 
pincers  If  iksli  grows  up  l)et ween  the  edges  of  the  crack  burn 
it  down  with  jiowdered  blue  vilrol,  or  burned  alum,  applied  once 
a  (lay.  When  it  is  dry  and  the  s<jfl  parts  healed  by  the  vitriol, 
dre>s  11.  with  pine  tar  once  a  day.  To  hasten  tiie  growth  of  a 
new  luMjf,  keep  the  feet  iiKiist  by  ixjulticing,  or  tubbing,  and  this 
should  alwa\s  be  done  if  crack  goes  to  the  cjuick;  or  a  Spanish 
h'lv  blister  applied  just  above  the  coronet  will  hasten  the  growth 
of  new  horn  (see  "To  Blister" ).  If  a  ([uarter  crack  is  the  result 
of  an  injured  coronet,  which,  in  healing,  left  a  break  in  its 
substance,  it  will  l)e  very  hard  to  overcome,  as  the  wall  will 
always  be  weak  at  that  point.  The  continual  use  of  a  bar-shoe 
may  support  the  weight  without  a  crack  forming.  Great  care 
should  be  taken  m  dressing  an  injured  coronet  to  see  that  the 
torn  edges  contact  each  other  perfectly. 

CALKS.  — Horses  wearing  shoes  with  sharp  calks  are  liable 
to  wounds  of  the  coronary  region,  either  from  trami)ing  on  them- 
selves, or  on  each  other  These  are  common  in  draft  horses, 
esiMicially  on  rough  roads  and  slippery  streets,  or  where  an  animal 
gets  into  deep  mud  or  snow.  The  fore  feet  are  more  liable  than 
the  hind  ones,  and  seat  of  injury  is  commonly  in  the  quarters. 
In  the  hind  feet  the  wound  often  results  from  the  nnimal  resting 
with  t  le  heel  of  one  foot  set  directly  over  the  front  of  the  other. 


rtii-s; 


iTS 


k  i  -  ,ttWi 


DISKASHS  OF  THK  HORSE 


32' 


Tki  \tmknt. — 

As  a  prevtiitivi-  measure,  J)oots  could  be  used  to  protect  the 
coronet  of  the  hind  foot,  if  horse  stands  with  one  foot  over  on 

tlic  other. 

If  the  woinid  is  in  the  skin  and  of  any  lenRth  over  an  inch, 
lake  a  stitch  or  more  putting  them  half  an  nich  apart,  but  not 
m  Midi  a  way  as  to  prevent  dr;unaKe.  If  an  artery  is  cut  so  as 
to  bleed  a  stream,  pick  up  and  ligate.  or  put  on  a  dry  sponge,  and 
handuKe  it  tightly  willi  coarse  ollon,  and  leave  on  twelve  hours; 
then  take  off  and  dress  with  Carbolic  lotion  and  bandage  again, 
hilt  only  tight  enough  to  keep  parts  in  place;  see  "Treatment  of 
Wounds."  Remove  bandage  twice  a  day.  and  syringe  out  with 
'.\arm  water,  and  afterwards  with  the  CarlK>lic  loti.n.  Later 
apply  White  Lotion,  as  given  in  "Wounds."  dressing  with 
this  twice  a  d..v,  and  vashing  as  often  as  is  needed  to  keep 
clear  of  pus.  It  w(nmd  is  inclined  to  gape  open,  continue  the 
bandage  a  few  days. 

If  the  calk  is  on  the  coronet,  running  down  under  the  hoof, 
It  will  fester;  pus  will  acciniiii'.ate  and  cause  great  lameness;  part 
will  swell,  and  In:  i.d,  hot  ami  tender  to  touch;  in  some  cases 
iKjrse  is  so  lame  as  to  pre\  t  putting  the  f(X)t  on  the  ground  at 
all.  One  of  the  principal  iwints  in  treating  this  wound  is  to 
keep  the  torn  ends  of  the  coronet  together,  so  as  to  have  it  heal 
without  any  break  in  Pare  away  all  ragged  edges  of  the  skin 

and  enough  of  the  hoof,  following  the  sore  down,  to  allow  escape 
of  the  pus;  remove  any  hair  or  other  foreign  matter  that  may 
have  gotten  into  it:  then  apply  a  poultice,  after  syringing  with 
CarlH)lic  lotion.  Chai  poultice  twice  a  day,  using  lotion  each 
time,  and  examine  wound  carefully  to  see  that  there  is  no  pocket 
containing  pus.  Cut  away  no  more  of  the  hoof  than  is  necessary 
to  k.  -p  the  pus  out  of  the  wound,  but  enough  for  that.  Con- 
tinue the  poultice,  or  tub  part  of  the  time,  till  hole  fills  up  and 
lameness  is  nearly  or  unite  gone;  then  cpiit  the  poultice,  and  use 
White  Lotion  (page  26^,).  Lay  horse  up  until  wound  is  well 
enough  not  to  b',  injur  a  by  sand  getting  into  it.  If  proud  flesh 
spi  igs  up.  burn  it  down  with  burnt  Alum,  or  Sulphate  of  Zmc. 
When  hoof  is  growing  down,  apply  a  mild  blister  to  the  coronet, 
and  trim  new  growth  to  keep  it  smooth.     The  ficsh  that  fills  up 


il 


>      ! 


32-» 


THlv  I'RACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


the-  liok-  ^Ul^l  Ik-  kt]>l  .lowii  cwii  with  tlu-  dci-p  id^e  (if  the  old 
Iitiof,  otherwise  Ihe  ciIkcs  pa-s  a^;aiii;,l  the  llesli  ami  prevent  it 
from  healiiiK.  If  the  coruiiet  is  t.ailly  torn,  unless  carefully 
lironght  to^;etlKr,  ami  the  woinul  pruiK-rly  dresse.l,  there  will 
always  he  a  weak  place  in  the  hoof  IkIuw,  which  will  bother 
alxjut  crackin^f. 

OVER-REACHING.  An  overreach  is  where  the  shoe  (jt 
the  hind  foot  strikes  and  injures  the  heel  or  quailer  of  the  fore 
foot. 

Causes.-  Is  Renerally  caused  by  fast  driving,  and  is  most 
common  in  trotting  and  rniniing  horses.  In  trotters  it  most 
commonly  happens  when  the  anitnils  break  from  a  trot  to  a  run. 

Symptofns.—'T\w  coronet  at  the  heel,  or  ([uarter.  is  bruised  or 
cut,  the  injury  involvinR  the  horn  as  well.  When  hind  f(x)t 
strikes  well  back  on  heel  of  the  fore  foot,  catching  the  .shcK'  — an 
accident  known  as  "grabbing"— the  shoe  may  be  torn  from  the 
fore  foot,  or  horse  fall  on  his  knees. 

Trkatmknt.  - 

The  treatiuent  is  much  the  same  as  for  calking,  depending 
somewhat  upon  the  nature  of  the  wound.  Sometimes  the  wound 
can  Ih.'  sewed,  sometimes  not.  Cold  fomentations.  Carbolic  lotion 
and  White  L,otion  ( page  2(>3 )  are  to  Ix-  used.  Keep  wound  clean 
by  syringing.  If  part  iRComes  inflamed  and  fomentations  do  not 
overcome  it,  poidtice  jiart  of  the  time. 

When  horse  is  known  to  be  subject  to  over-reaching,  he 
should  never  Ik;  driven  fast  without  quarter  bcjots,  which  are 
made  for  protecting  the  heels  and  quarters.  If  there  is  a  dispo- 
sition to  "grab,"  treat  as  for  "Forging." 

FORGING. — I'orging  is  the  habit  of  clacking  the  fore  ami 
hind  shoes  together  when  trotting.  The  only  real  harm  is  the 
wearing  of!  of  the  toe  of  the  hind  fool,  but  it  is  very  annoying  to 
the  driver,  and  fatiguing  to  the  hurse.  As  the  fuie  foot  is  being 
raised  ofT  the  ground,  with  the  heel  already  raised,  and  the  foot 
in  the  act  of  rolling  on  the  toe,  the  toe  of  the  hind  foot  comes 
flying  in  under  the  heel  of  the   fore,  and  the  two  shoes  come 


Vrr, 


-t^MKmewmjf 


L%^.m:^^J^^!ii^. 


DliKASIiS  OF  THR  HORSK 


i'i 


(ogotbcr,  tlie  Uhj  of  iln;  iiuid  igalnst  the  underside  of  the  web  of 
the  fore.  I'l.iking  the  clicking  noi*e.  It  often  weari  otT  the  trie 
of  the  hind  foot  billy.  With  some  horses  the  hind  «hoe  h  apt 
to  gri1>  the  front  one  and  pull  it  off,  or  caude  tha  horde  to  fall. 

Treatment. — 

Increase  the  action  and  activity  of  thu  foie  leg,  to  get  tht 
foot  out  of  the  way  of  tlie  hiad  foot.  To  do  this,  keep  the  tOt 
of  the  front  foot  as  short  as  possible,  raise  the  heels  a  Uttl*  tj 
iis.ng  louKor  neel,  than  toe,  calks;  and  with  most  forger*,  iboe 
rather  heavy  in  front.  Slow  up  tlie  hind  feet  by  shoeing  light, 
by  letting  the  toe  grow  long,  and  by  raising  the  t.ie  just  a  little 
l)y  nsiuK  lon;;ir  t^ie  calks.  With  some  horses  it  is  Imposaldle  to 
overcome  the  ditriculty,  and  they  will  need  to  be  kept  et  tiaw 
work. 

If  there  is  a  tendency  to  grab  the  front  shm;,  keep  iti  bed* 
as  short  as  po-ssibie  so  that  the  hind  shoe  cannot  catch  them. 

BRUISES  OF  THE  SOLE  OF  THE  FOOT;  STONB 
3RUISES.- 

Cawici.— Stepping  on  stones  or  other  hard  substanOM;  or 
from  wide-webbed  shoe  pressing  on  the  sole. 

Syni/>io/ns.— The  horse,  in  traveling,  steps  either  longor  thact 
to  keep  on  heel  or  toe  of  the  affected  foot;  by  tapping  the  sole  of 
the  f.KJt  with  a  hammer,  he  will  flinch  when  the  bruised  vpoi  b 
struck.  If  not  attended  to,  sjtnptoms  will  be  more  severe;  hOTBC 
will  hardly  be  able  to  put  foot  to  the  ground,  and  U  wUl  be  hot 
and  swollen  around  the  top. 

Treatment. 

Remove  the  shoe  and  find  affected  spot  by  tapping  on  the 
sole  with  a  himnier,  and  if  there  is  no  signs  of  festering,  put  on 
a  poultice  of  bran  and  Linseed  meal  la  equal  parts,  or  tub  the 
foot.  Change  poultice  twice  a  day  until  the  soreness  Is  all  out. 
Should  there  be  signs  of  festering,  pare  a  hole  in  through  the  sole 
to  allow  escape  of  matter;  flush  out  with  Carbolic  lotion,  then 
poultice  as  above  directed  until  animal  is  better.  Use  Cflrbolic 
kitiou  iUid  \\Tiit=  LoUon  (page  y.6s)  In  treating  wound  eadi  time, 


i 


l-'V'-tE* 


■  t   t.\^ 


•u,^ 


3»4 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


!) 


0 


P'   ^ 


before  applying  ,Tou!tice.  It  proKd  flesh  starts,  apply  bt  r  >  d 
Alum  or  Sulphate  of  Ziaz.  Give  laxative  diet  and  a  teaspootifcl 
or  Saltpeter  three  ti.  ls  a  day  in  his  faed. 

FRACTURES  OF  THE  SONES  OF  THE  FOOT.— 

Causes.— By  striking  ^he  foot  with  great  force  against  any 
substance,  especially  i£  the  foot  receives  the  dIow  on  the  qoarter; 
by  being  run  over  by  a  loaded  wagon;  or  by  being  stepped  on  by 
a  heavy  horse. 

Sj/mploms. — Extreme  lameness  comes  oa  suddenly,  soon  after 
the  accident,  and  increases  with  time.  The  foot  swells  around 
the  coronet,  and  horse  will  not  put  any  weight  on  it  at  all 

Trkatment.— 

All  that  can  be  done  is  to  keep  down  the  Inflammation  as 
much  as  possible  by  tubbing  and  poulticing.  Give  the  hoise  a 
sling  so  he  will  rot  try  to  lie  down.  I/>ng  rest  will  be  necessary, 
If  recovery  takes  place  at  all. 

FALSE  QUARTER.— This  Is  a  term  applied  when  there 
U  a  more  or  less  separation  of  the  quarter  from  the  toe  by  a  bad 
quarter  crack,  or  an  Irregular  growing  of  the  horn  of  the  quarter. 

Causex.  —An  lajury  to  the  coronet,  from  which  the  hoof 
grows.  Very  apt  to  follow  severe  calking  unles-;  injury  is  properly 
treated.  Thia  causes  an  alceradoa  of  the  horn  of  the  hoof  below, 
corresponding  to  the  extent  of  the  Injury. 

Sympivns.—th&rei  is  ff  ctack  or  depression  in  the  hoof,  vary- 
ing in  width,  and  depth  vixh  the  extent  of  the  hijury.  Animal 
may  rot  be  lame,  but  a  misstep  is  apt  to  cause  the  »h<n  hoof  to 
crack  and  produce  lameness. 

Treatment  — 

Apply  a  bar-shoe,  giving  frog  pre9(jtire  and  removing  presstue 
from  the  affected  quarter;   also  strengthen,  as  reoommeoded  io 

treatment  for  "Qaar»-er  Crick  " 

COFFIN  /OINT  LAMENE3S-NAVICULAR  OIS 

EASE.— One  of  the  hack  tendona  poaaes  down  the  bode  of  the 
■eg.  eaten  Um  tuxi  in  troat  of  the  trog,  beneath  thi  ntvicalat 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


325 


hone,  that  lies  directly  above  the  frog,  and  attaches  itself  to  a 
rough  liollow  on  the  sole  of  the  coiBn  bone.  Disease  in  thft  part 
of  the  tendon,  which  contacts  the  navicular  Ixjne,  is  navicular 
disease.  The  tendon  becomes  inflamed,  inflamniation  extends  to 
tile  navicular  bone,  which  becomes  rough  and  jiorous,  the  tendon 
And  bono  growing  together  in  bad  cases.  In  some  cases  disease 
liegins  with  the  l)one.  The  disease  is  nnich  oftener  seen  in  the 
cilv  than  in  the  country. 

Gv/srs. — Severe  sprains  of  the  tendon  in  its  lower  portion; 
any  severe  brui.se  on  the  frog  or  heels;  the  prick  of  a  nail  entering 
the  foot  far  enough  to  wound  the  tendon,  or  joint;  and  severe 
conLraction  of  the  foot  might  cause  it  by  pressure  on  the  navicular 
bone,  interrupting  nutrition,  and  thereby  setting  up  disease. 
Hard  driving  on  pavements,  or  hard  dry  roads,  or  by  allowing 
feet  to  become  hard  and  dry.  also  act  as  causes. 

Sj>ii/>ionts.—Thii  lamene.ss  comes  on  gradually,  and  at  first 
may  be  very  slight  when  first  starting,  but  later  it  Ijecomes 
continuous,  and  is  always  worse  when  he  first  starts.  It  will 
improve  as  he  gets  warmed  up,  though  not  so  as  to  go  sound,  for 
tlie  tendon  being  inflamed,  it  is  impossible  for  the  lameness  to  dis- 
apjKjar  altogether.  Horse  will  wear  shoes  out  most  at  the  toes, 
will  ix)int  feet  when  standing,  alternating  if  both  are  affected, 
:ind  rest  them  on  the  toes.  As  disease  progresses  the  gait 
U-comes  short,  horse  is  liable  to  stumble,  going  too  much  on  his 
(oes,  forming  lameness  known  as  "groggy  lameness."  The  horse 
keeps  his  feet  well  back  under  him,  which  distinguishes  it  from 
founder,  in  which  the  feet  are  kept  out  in  front,  and  we'ght 
thrown  onto  the  heels.  The  pastern  will  be  straightened  up 
nearer  the  perix;ndicular  than  is  natural.  The  feet  will  l)ecome 
contracted,  especially  at  the  heels;  the  heels  gelling  high,  the 
frog  small  and  dry. 

Treatment. — 

As  a  general  thing  treatment  is  ver>'  unsatisfactory,  and  with 
cases  that  have  existed  for  any  length  of  time  is  alleviative  only. 
As  .soon  as  the  first  symptoms  of  lameness  are  noticed — slight 
lameness,  with  inclination  to  stumble,  going  out  a  little  lame  and 
improving  on  warming  up,  with  exercise— put  on  a  high-heeled 


I 


US  <  J  f 


rii 

■I        -r 


Im 


i;i 


^:  I. 


-,26 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


shoe,  give  the  horse  long  rest,  and  tub  the  feel,  or  allow  tho 
horse  to  stand  in  a  clay  puddle  half  of  each  day;  the  remainder 
of  the  day  keep  the  horse  in  a  low  pasture,  or  in  a  box  stall  with 
a  damp,  dirt  floor.  Continue  the  treatment  for  a  month  or  two, 
and  if  there  is  still  some  lameness,  blister  from  hoof  to  fetlock 
with  Spanish  Fly  blister  (see  "To  Blister"  under  "Ring-Bone"); 
follow  this  with  another  mouth  or  two  of  tlie  previous  treatment. 
If  taken  at  the  very  outset,  this  line  of  treatment  may  benefit 
materially,  if  it  does  not  cure.  If  the  disease  is  well  seated 
all  that  can  be  done  is  to  alleviate  as  much  a.s  possible.  To  do 
this,  shoe  with  high-heel  calks,  or  use  a  rolling-motion  shoe — 
a  shoe  with  the  web  extra  thick  at  the  heels,  but  commences  a 
a  little  back  of  the  center  and  tapers  down  luitil  verj-  thin  at  the 
toe.  Keep  the  feet  ii'oist  and  soft  l)y  standing  the  hor.se  in  a  clay 
puddle  a  portion  of  the  time.  Turn  into  low  pastures  when 
possil)le.  Kee])  off  of  hard  roads  as  nuich  as  ix)ssible  and  give 
slow  work.  With  se\ere,  confirmed  cases  the  horse  may  lie 
nerved;  the  operation  consists  in  cutting  the  nerves  which  lead 
to  the  foot,  thus  destroying  sensation.  The  operation  would 
neefl  be  performed  b\-  a  veterinarian.  It  does  not  cure  the  dis- 
e.i.se,  sim])ly  stops  the  lameness.  Tlie  horse  may  (Kj  good  work 
for  a  numlMjr  of  years  after  the  (jperalion,  or  he  may  go  down  in 
a  short  time;  be  will  not  sa\e  tlie  feet  as  much  as  befort>  opera- 
tion, and  the  exfi  strain  may  break  tlii-  weakened  tendon  where 
it  passes  over  the  bone.  The  foot  of  !lie  liorse  lliat  h.is  iK'en 
nerved  should  Ije  eaiefully  walclicii  to  see  that  it  is  not  injured 
in  any  way. 


;!■' 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


327 


HOW  TO  BREAK  OP  VICES 


GNAWING  THE  MANGER  AND  CLOTHING. -This 

fiahit,  especially  gnawing  the  manger,  indicates  a  derangement  of 
Uie  digestive  organs,  a  Aant  of  salt,  or  is  simply  the  product  of 
idleness  Blanket  tearing  sometimes  results  from  horse  being 
too  warm,  more  particularly  when  hotse  is  fat;  the  skin  gets  hot 
and  itches,  and  he  would  be  much  more  comfortable  without  the 
blanket.     In  some  cases  he  might  need  medical  treatment 

Treatment. — 

If  animal  is  unthrifty,  give  treatment  for  "Chronic  Indiges- 
tion" and  for  "Worms."  If  the  result  of  idleness,  give  plenty  of 
work  and  feed  accordingly.  If  the  habit  is  persisted  in,  smear 
manger  with  asafctida,  or  cover  edge  with  sheet  iron  If  a 
blanket  is  a  real  necessity,  the  hoise  can  be  prevented  from  tear- 
ir.g  it,  by  tying  a  stick  from  the  check  piece  of  the  halter  to  the 
.'^urcingle.  If  the  skin  shows  disease  of  any  kind,  treat  accord- 
ingly. 

KICKING  WHILE  EATING  GRAIN.— This  is  an  out- 
growth of  idleness  in  connection  with  renrous  disposition.  The 
lioise,  while  eating  hi?  grain,  will  kick  the  side  of  his  stall  four  or 
five  times  a  m^inute.  This  he  may  do  vath  one  foot,  or  he  may 
iltcmate,  using  first  cne  and  then  the  other. 

Treatment. — 

Tie  a  piece  of  chain,  a  foot  or  two  in  length,  to  the  pastern 
i)f  the  foot  used;  this  will  sometimes  prove  efiectual.  Another 
plan  13  to  run  a  small  rope  ftom  a  collar  under  a  surcingle  to  the 
foot.  Or,  place  the  teed  box  rather  high,  so  that  his  head  will 
be  kept  well  up. 

WASTING  GRAINo— This  is  a  habit  of  taking  up  grain 
into  the  mouth  and  then,  by  swinging  the  head  around,  lose  a 
laige  amount  cf  it.  In  some  cases  is  due  to  the  animal  holding 
his  head  sidewise  from  diseased  teeth 


328 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


! 


Treatment. — 

If  the  teeth  are  at  fault  give  treatment  as  is  recommended  in 
such  cases.  If  not  from  this,  spread  the  grain  out  in  a  thin  layer 
over  the  bottom  of  a  large  manger,  so  that  his  time  will  be  fully 
employed  picking  it  up;  or,  if  fed  in  a  small  feed  Ixjx,  place  a  few 
stones  the  size  of  a  man's  fist  in  the  box;  the  grain  will  sift  in 
among  these  and  he  can  get  hut  a  small  mouthful  at   a  time 

FULLING  BACK  AND  BREAKING  HALTER.- 

This  commonly  originates  from  fright,  when  by  suddenly  jump- 
ing back  the  halter  is  broken.  Tin-  animal  knowing  that  what 
has  been  once  done  can  be  done  again,  reiK-ats,  and  it  finally 
becomes  a  vice. 

Treatment. — 

Have  a  very  strong  halter,  and  tit  animal  high  on  the 
manger;  this  will  give  tlie  horse  less  jxiwet  to  pull  than  when  tied 
low.  Another  way  is  to  take  a  long  rope,  pass  one  end  around 
the  body  just  in  front  of  the  hips  and  tie  in  a  slip-knot;  pass  the 
othei  end  underneath  a  surcingle,  between  the  front  legs,  through 
the  ring  in  thehaltei,  and  tie  to  the  manger.  He  will  make 
only  a  very  few  altenipts  tc  break  loose. 

CRIBBING  AND  WIND-SUCKING  -  (See  page  99.) 

BALKING. — The  l)est  waj  to  lyreak  a  horse  of  balking  is 
never  to  be  in  a  hurrj ,  but,  rather  let  him  stand  to  his  heart's 
content;  avoid  hitching  him  to  any  load  he  cannot  pull  easily; 
coax  and  pat  him;  feed  him  apples,  salt  and  sugar,  etc.,  out  of 
the  hand;  if  checked,  uncheck  liinj;  pull  his  ears;  hold  up  one 
front  foot  for  a  time;  try  to  divert  his  attention.  If  po.ssible,  let 
the  same  person  drive  him.  If  these  fail,  and  he  is  with  a  trusty 
horse,  back  the  trusty  one  as  far  as  possible,  and  lead  the  balky 
one  up;  take  a  good  si^ed  rope,  put  it  around  the  flank  of  the 
balky  horse,  and  tie  in  a  slip  knot,  but  so  it  cannot  slip  only  so 
tight,  hilt  tight  enough  to  pinch  him  in  good  shape;  tie  the  other 
end  to  the  hame  of  the  other  horse,  and  start  him  gently.  This 
shonUI  not  be  resorted  t<^  if  there  is  a  heavy  load  behind  the 
horses,  or  if  he   has  aiiy  reasonable  excuse  for  balking      Never 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


3>9 


get  the  horse  that  has  a  tendency  to  balk  into  a  tight  place.  No 
ino  balky  horses  arc  exactly  alike,  so  the  disposition  must  be 
studied,  and  the  aninnl  treated  accordingly.  In  all  cases,  how- 
ever, use  kindness  The  habit  is  most  often  formed  by  over- 
loading young  horses,  or  by  asking  them  to  pull  when  very  tired. 
A  disposition  which  tends  toward  balking  may  be  inherited,  and 
r-nimols  i"nherititig  this  disposition  should  be  carefully  handled 
^;hen  yoimp. 


POISONS  AND  THEIR  ANTIDOTES 


f 


Horses  are  frequently  poisoned  in  various  ways:  by  eating 
noxious  plants,  by  gettinsj;  poisons  left  in  the  stable;  and  some- 
times by  overdoses  of  strong  nit-dicines.  Malicious  persons,  from 
motives  of  revenge,  may  be  the  cause  of  horses  being  poisoned. 
Therefore  it  is  well  to  know  something  of  the  nature  of  common 
poisons,  and  also  the  simpler  antidotes.  It  might  be  a  good 
investment  to  commit  to  memory  these  few  general  directions: 
When  an  animal  is  poisoned  by  an  alkali,  give  him  an  acid,  such 
as  vinegar,  etc.  For  poisoning  by  an  acid,  give  an  alkali,  such 
as  Bicarljonate  of  Soda  (Baking  Sotla) .  These  articles  are  nearly 
always  at  hand. 

POISONING  BY  DRUGS  AND  MINERALS.— 
Aconite  is  fretiuently  given  in  an  overdose,  and  causes 
profuse  perspiration;  spasm  of  the  glottis,  seen  in  the  continual 
swallowing  when  there  is  nothing  to  swallow;  congestion  of  the 
lungs,  with  diffu  ilt  breathing;  inflammation  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels;  and  quick  pulse,  gradually  becoming  imperceptible. 
Antidote— G'wc  stimulants.  Alcohol  or  Whiskey;  if  these  are  not 
at  hand  give  strong  Coffee  in  pint  doses  every  fifteen  minutes 
until  relieved.  One-half  to  i  grain  of  Atropine  dissolved  in  a 
little  water  and  given  by  the  mouth  helps  counteract  the  action 
on  the  hearx. 


f. 


330 THE  PRACTICAI^  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Arsenic  is  at  times  the  cause  of  poisoning.  It  Is  a  cor- 
rosive  irritant  poison,  cnusing  diarrhea,  mucus  discharge  from 
the  eyes  and  nose,  a  quick,  wiry  ptUse,  and  injected  mucous 
membranes.  Antidote— Th^  best  chemical  antidote  is  Sesquioxide 
of  Iron  (iron  rust).  To  prepare,  dissolve  Copperas  and  Bicarbon- 
ate of  Soda  separately  in  water  and  then  mix  the  two  solutions, 
when  Iron  rust  wiU  fall  to  the  bottom.  Wash  it  with  wanii 
water,  put  hi  a  bottk.,  and  trivc  3  or  4  tablespoonfuls  every  ten  to 
fifteen  minutes.  Being  in.sol.iWe,  it  will  have  to  Ixi  washed  down 
Ae  horse's  throat  with  plenty  of  hot  water  from  the  bottle. 
When  this  remedy  is  absent,  give  f;ggs,  milk,  powdered  charcoal, 
V  blue  clay.  Also  give  an  ounce  of  Laudanum  to  help  counter- 
Act  irritation  of  digestive  tract. 

Aloes  in  larg(;  doses  is  poisonous.  It  prorlures  diarrhea  and 
superpurgatiou;  drj-ncss  of  the  mouth;  yavvuiug  and  straining; 
quick,  hard  pulse,  gradually  becoming  imperceptible;  injected 
mucous  membranes,  and  sometimes  irritation  of  the  kidneys. 
Antidote— GvjQ  powdered  Ipecacuanha  in  ;i-drachm  doses  every 
hour;  starch  gruel,  internally,  and  cold  injections  of  the  same 
into  the  rectum,  with  i  ounce  of  Laudanum  in  each  injection, 
repeating  gruel  and  injection  every  hour;  Opium  in  i -drachm 
doses,  or  i -ounce  doses  of  Laudanum  every  four  to  six  hours; 
chalk,  port  wine,  or  any  drugs  used  to  counteract  diarrhea,  and 
hot  fomentaUous  to  the  belly.  Give  alcohol  to  stimulate  the 
heart. 

Ammonia,  Carbonate,  is  sometimes  given  in  too  large 
doses,  or  not  sufficient!)-  diluted,  when  mouth,  throat,  and 
stomach  become  blistered  atid  burned,  and  salivation  follows. 
Antidote— GiwQ  01i\e  Oil  in  doses  of  two  to  three  tablespoonfuls, 
five  or  six  times  a  day;  also  milk  and  eggs. 

Belladonna  is  a  favorite  remedy  in  some  cases,  but  if  given 
in  too  large  doses  is  a  poison.  There  is  dilatation  of  the  pupils  of 
the  eyes;  stupor,  swelling  of  the  head,  and  delirium.  On  post- 
mortem  the  blood  will  be  found  fluid,  and  decomposition  sets  in 
early.  AnHdote—Gix^t  Alcohol.  Whiskey,  or  strong  Cofifee,  as 
with  Aconite  poisoning;  apply  Mustard  to  the  chest  and  cold  to 


DISEASKS  OF  THE  HORSE 


331 


the  head;  give  milk  and  Linseed  Oil— a  pint  of  each,  mixed— 
and  gentle  exercise,  and  also  a  lablespoonful  of  Saltpeter. 

Calomel  is  a  corrosive,  irritant  poison,  and  causes  a  dis- 
charge of  black,  offensive  manure,  diarrhea,  with  great  depres- 
sion. A //tiJoU'— Give  Opium  in  i -drachm  doses,  or  Laudanum, 
I -ounce  doses  three  times  a  day;  also  use  Flaxseed  tea. 

Cantharides  (Spanish  Fly)  is  a  narcotic,  irritant  poison, 
causing  inflammation  of  the  urino-genital  organs;  imperceptible 
pulse,  and  injected  nmcons  membranes.  Antidoks — Give  i  pint 
Linseed  Oil,  which  follow  after  an  hour  with  large  quantities  of 
I'laxseed  tea  or  mucilage;  apply  hot  cloths  to  the  loins;  give 
»tarch  gruel  injections,  with  an  ounce  of  Laudaimm  in  each  in- 
jection; or  Opium  in  i -drachm  doses,  or  Laudanum  in  i -ounce 
doses,  three  or  four  times  a  day.  Give  drachm  doses  Fluid  Ex- 
tract Belladonna  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Chloroform  is  a  narcotic  poison.  It  causes  a  slow  pulse; 
>low,  heavy  breathing;  insensibility  to  pain;  muscular  twitch- 
ing-<;  dilatation  of  the  pupils;  foaming  at  the  mouth,  and  stupor. 
Antidoie.— "throw  w\i\  water  over  the  animal;  raise  and  lower 
the  fore  legs  continuously;  pound  the  chest  to  induce  respira- 
tion; use  bellows  at  tlie  nostrils;  if  possible,  give  Alcohol  or 
Whisky,  if  not,  have  him  inhale  fumes  of  Ammonia. 

Chloral  Hydrate  is  similar,  both  in  effects  and  antidotes, 
to  Chloroform. 

Croton  Oil  is  an  acrid    rritant  poison.     It  may  be  either 

swallowed  or  absorbed  fron-  the  skui,  and  causes  inflammation  of 
the  stomach  and  bowels,  dra.-itic  purgatioi  and  great  prostration. 
The  treatment  is  that  for  "  Diarrhea,  or  buperpurgation." 

Copper  Sulphate  is  a  corrosi\-e  irritant  poison,  bring- 
ing on  inflamma;;on  of  the  stomach  and  bowels,  and  diarrhf  .; 
ulceration,  perforation,  and  thickening  of  the  mucous  membranes; 
(juick,  hard,  almost  imperceptible  pulse;  and  when  near  smelting 
works,  emaciation,  paralysis,  and  bon>-  disease  of  the  joints.  These 


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Till-   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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latter  s\  niploin>  cliaracteri/.e  the  chronic,  slow  poisoning  resulting 
from  graziiiK  in  the  vicinity  of  such  works,  and  inhaling  the 
condensed  fumes,  or  eating  the  poison-tainted  grass;  the  remedy 
is:  To  remove  from  that  vicinity.  In  cases  of  acute  poisoning 
give  a  pint  of  Linseed  Oil,  eggs,  soap  in  small  quantities,  and 
milk,  or  Flaxseed  tea. 

Corrosive  Sublimate  is  frecjuently  taken  in  the  form  of 
rat  poison,  and  is  an  irritative,  corrosive  ix)i>(jn,  causing  inflam- 
mation of  tlie  stomach  and  }x)Wl1s,  fetid  diarrhea,  salivation, 
fetid  hreath,  (jnick,  wtak  pulse,  and  yellow  appearance  of  the 
mucous  niemhranes.  A/i/idolc—CwKi  milk  and  eggs  in  large 
quantities,  with  occasional  doses  of  opium  in  j -drachm  doses. 

Ergot  of  Rye  is  a  fungus  that  grows  on  rye  .tuI  other 
kinds  of  grain,  and  is  deVL-loncd  on  low,  undrained  soils  by  long 
continued  damp  weather.  In  large  amcunts  it  causes  narcoti.sm, 
colic,  diarrhea,  and  jK-rverted  nervous  action;  impairs  the  appetite; 
niduces  we.ikness  and  waiting,  and  serous,  sometimes  bloody, 
discharges  from  the  mucous  surfaces;  and  in  a  chronic  case, 
sloughing  of  the  cars,  tail,  and  even  of  the  limbs.  Antidote-^ 
(^.ive  a  ])iiit  (-f  Linseed  Oil,  and  follow  it  with  large  quantitfes  ol 
Flaxseed  tea,  and  give  %  ounce  of  Kther  in  }<  pint  of  water 
three  to  four  times  a  day. 

Iron  Sulphate  is  a  corrosive,  irritant  jxti-on,  causmg  the 
same  symptoms  as  tlie  .Sulphate  of  Ct-i'i-er.  Autid,^!,  -Tannic  Acid, 
2  drachms  in  !  j  pint  of  w.tter,  or  liicarlxmate  of  Soda,  i  ounce. 
After  a  few  minutes  give  large  quantities  of  Flaxseed  tea. 
Rejx-at  the  whole  treatment  every  few  hours. 

Nux  Vomica  is  an  irritant  jmmsou.  and  causes  tetanic 
spasms  and  general  convidsions;  convulsions  of  the  diaiiliragm, 
causing  labored  breathing,  and  sometimes  a^phy.xia.  Antidote— 
Cue  Chloral  Hydrate  in  doses  of  ]'_  ounce  every  two  hours,  with 
anote.isionaldoseof  opium  i  drachm;  alstj  i  ounce  of  laudanum, 
repeated  in  an  liour,  or  Fluid  ICxtract  of  Belladonna  i  drachm. 
Avoid  exciting  animal  in  any  way. 


«  f\.  *:  rf. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


333 


Opium  is  a  narcotic  poison,  producing  partial  or  total 
paralysis,  stupor,  labored  breathing,  slow  pulse,  and  contracted 
pupils.  Alter  death  the  blood  is  fluid,  and  decomposition  sets  in 
early.  /I ii/i(Me Shower  with  cold  water,  give  Tannic  Acid  2 
drachms,  and  an  occasional  dose  of  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter,  j4 
ounce  at  a  time;  also  i-ounce  doses  of  Alcohol,  and  a  dose  or  two 
of  Fluid  l<*xtract  of  Helladonna,  i  drachm  at  a  lime,  and  compel 
liorse  to  take  exercise. 

Lead,  in  all  its  forms,  is  a  corrosive,  irritant  poison,  which, 
in  acute  cases,  produces  violent  constipation,  delirium,  colic  pains, 
tremor  of  the  nniscles,  and  inflammation  cjf  the  stomach  aivd 
Ixjwels.  In  chronic  cases,  where  the  symptoms  develop  slowly, 
there  will  be  noticed  what  is  called  "Plumbism,"  tony  deposits, 
solidifying  of  tl-.e  joints,  paralysis,  staring  coat,  a  blue  line  around 
the  gums,  emaciation,  quick  and  wiry  pulse;  black  feces  that  are 
glazed  and  fetid,  the  alxlomen  tucked  up,  and  constant  moaning. 
Antidote— G'wc  Epsom  Salts,  4  to  8  ounces,  after  an  hour  give 
Iodide  of  Potash,  2  to  3  drachms;  accompany  any  of  these  with 
occasional  doses  of  Opium,  i  drachm.  Put  Mustard  paste  on  the 
belly,  and  u.se  large  quantities  of  Flaxseed  tea. 

Nitrate  of  Potash— Saltpeter,  in  large  doses,  is  an  irritant 
jioison,  causing  intlannnaiion  ut  the  st(nuach,  bowels  and  kidneys, 
iiijti  ted  membranes.  ii»flammatioii  of  the  gulkt,  colic,  and  the 
hki,-,  and  it  has  a  powerful  sedative  ai  tion  on  the  heart,  .hiti- 
dolt  —Give  Linseed  Oil  and  follow  it  with  Flaxseed  tea  and 
Whiskey;  also  give  vinegar;  put  Mustard  paste  on  the  belly  and 
over  the  gullet. 

Strychnine  is  to  be  treated  the  same  as  Nux  Vomica, 

Turpentine  is  an  irritant  poison,  causing  inflammation  of  the 
intestinal  tract,  strangury  of  the  kiilneys,  quick  and  hard  pulse, 
diarrhea,  and  a  violet  odor  and  a  high  color  to  the  urine.  Anti- 
dote—CAvc  a  pint  dose  of  Oil,  with  Starch  gruel  and  Laudanum, 
both  internally  and  as  an  injection;  if  these  are  not  at  hand,  give 
milk;  put  hot  cloths  on  the  loins. 

White  Hellebore  Is  an  Irritant  poison,  causing  intermittent 
pulse,  inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels,  diarrhea,  spasms 


t  I 


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.■  W»foftV.  5  .- 


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I 

III' 


334 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


'J  \' 


II   i: 


of  the  superfirial  muscles,  salivation  and  great  prostration.  H 
may  Ik:  ahsorlK-d  from  the  skin,  as  well  as  taken  internally,  doinR 
damage  in  citlier  case.  ^>i/icfole— Give  eggs  and  milk  in  large 
quantities,  and  small  doses  of  Olive  Oil  and  Sweet  Spirits  of 
Niter. 

POISONING  WHILE  GRAZING.- 

While  animals,  as  a  general  thing,  lefuse  to  eat  plants  which 
arc  poisonous,  yvt,  under  certain  conditions,  such  .is  ixx>r,  short, 
or  dry  pasture,  or  where  the  [loisonous  plant  is  mixed  with  hay, 
thty  may  cat  sunieiciil  ([uantities  to  produce  jKiisoning. 

Prevention  is  the  principal  treatment.  Do  not  allow  animals 
to  pasture  where  the  poisonous  plants  grow,  and  esjx.cially  so  if 
the  pasture  is  short  and  dry,  and  the  plant  green.  Tl.c  medicinal 
treatment  is  to  counteract  symptoms;  if  weak  hc.irt,  with  prostra- 
tion, give  Alcohol  or  othei  stimulants,  with  a  little  Strychnine  or 
Xux  \'oniiea;  if  convulsions,  give  «iuietiiig  drugs,  as  Chloral 
Hydrate,  Belladoinia,  Opium.  Oil  or  Li-isted  gruel  is  always 
tjood,  as  it  counteracts  the  irritation  to  the  digestive  tract,  if 
present.  Permanganate  of  Potash  in  J^  drachm  doses  in  a  quait 
of  water,  for  the  horse,  is  of  great  value.  The  following  are 
plants  that  have  the  reputation  of  being  more  or  less  ptjisonoiis: 

The  Larkspurs— Some  species  being  more  poisonous  than 
others. 

The  Black  Cherry— The  leaves  or  fruit  when  taken  In 
sufficient  (piantities,  have  been  knowii  to  poison. 

Loco  Weed  poisonmg  is  treated  in  connection  with  the 
nervous  disorder  (see  "Loco  Disease"). 

Water  Hemlock,  a  plant  growing  m  damp,  marshy  places, 
one  of  the  most  jKiisonous  i)lants  growing  in  the  United  States; 
the  roots  seem  to  possess  the  greatest  amount  of  the  poisonous 
principle,  and  animals  have  been  poisoned  by  eating  them. 

Poison  Hemlock,  another  species  of  hemlock,  also  called 
spotted  parsley  and  by  a  number  of  other  names,  is  also  polaonois. 
The  poison  is  found  in  the  seeds  and  leaves. 


li  I 


i  '. 


Wl 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSB 335 

Laurels. — There  are  a  number  of  species  which  poaseas 
poisonous  propcrtiea,  and  deaths  have  been  reported  where  animala 
have  eaten  the  leaves  and  smaller  stems. 

Horsetail  is  .-xlso  claimed  to  be  poisonous  to  horses  when  fed 
in  their  hay  for  any  length  of  time.  The  weed  should  be  removed 
from  the  hay  licfore  it  is  fed. 

Millet  has  been  proved  by  experience  to  be  a  slow  poison 
when  fed  as  a  fodder  alone.  The  term  "Mijlet  Disease"  has 
been  adopted  as  a  name  in  some  parts.  Principal  symptoms  are 
those  of  increased  action  of  the  kidneys,  with  lameness  and  swel- 
ling of  the  joints.  There  is  infusion  of  blood  into  the  joints,  the 
bone  texture  is  destroyed,  rendering  it  soft  and  less  tenacious,  so 
that  ligaments  and  muscles  are  easily  .orn  loose.  Antidote — Dis- 
continue the  feeding  of  millet,  give  other  foods,  and  use  tonics  as 
for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

VEGETABLE  POISONING  BY  CONTACT.— 

Poisoning  by  the  skin,  the  same  as  with  people,  is  not  an 
uncommon  occurrence,  from  the  nose  or  lips  coming  in  contact 
with  poisonous  plants  in  grazing,  .such  as  |X)ison  oak,  poison  ivy, 
poi.son  Eumac,  St.  John's  wort,  etc.  The  sj-mptcms  of  such  poison 
ing  are  about  those  manifested  by  man  from  the  same  cause. 

/hitidotes  —  Are  both  constitutional  and  local.  Internally 
give  a  laxative  of  Oil:  and  a  tcaspoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a 
day.     Locally  wash  the  affected  parts  with  the  following; 

Sugarof  Lead- i '^  ounces. 

Alcohol I  pint. 

Water i  pint. 

Shake.    Apply  as  a  wa.sh.  two  or  three  times 
a  day. 

POISONING  BY  STINGS  OR  SNAKE  BITE.— 

In  many  sectkos  the  farmer  is  liable  to  have  his  team 

severely  stttoR,  by  hornets,  bumble-bees,  or  the  like;  while  in  the 

Southwesc  Its.  torture  inflicted  on  stock  by  swarms  of  gnats  and 

poisonous  dies  is  quite  as  serious.    Horses  are  also  bitten  some- 

imes  by  venomous  snakes. 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  ond  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2 


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336 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


For  stings,  any  of  the  following  rLtiieclies  may  be  used:  A 
strong  solution  of  salt  and  water.  Onion  juice  is  another  good 
remedy.  In  severe  cases  batlie  with  Ammonia  water  (strong 
Ammonia,  two  or  three  ounces  to  a  i)int  of  water,  or  the  weak 
Ammonia  with  an  equal  part  of  water.;  Sponging  the  parts 
with  lime  water,  or  with  a  weak  solution  of  soda  and  water,  and 
following  this  by  .^-mearing  over  with  Linseed  oil  is  very  good. 
To  protect  against  gad-flies,  wasli  the  flanks  and  parts  most 
likely  to  be  attacked,  with  a  strong  infusion  of  the  green  bark  of 
the  common  elder.  As  a  protection  against  buflalo  gnats,  that 
are  very  troublesome  in  some  parts,  smear  the  parts  they  most 
attack  with  a  mixture  of  lard,  2  parts:  tar,  i  part;  or  equal  p.irts 
of  petroleum,  lard  oil,  or  liacon  drippings,  and  tar. 

For  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake,  or  other  venomous  serpent, 
give  as  quickly  as  jwssible 

Hartshorn i  teaspoonful 

Whiskey Jj  pint  or,    3  ounces  Alcohol. 

Warm  water i  pint. 

Mi.v,  and  give.  Repeat  the  mixture  in  half 
an  hour,  and  again  in  one  liDur  after,  as  .symp- 
toms indicate. 

Cauterize  the  wound  at  once  with  a  hot  iron  at  white  heat, 
and  keep  the  adjoining  parts  wet  with  Ammonia  for  some  hours 
with  a  sponge. 

Stings  of  centipedes,  scorpions,  and  tarantulas,  should  be 
treated  as  for  snake  bite,  ex,;ept  it  is  not  customary  to  cauterize 
the  wound. 


MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION 


'  i     . 


A  CHILL.— 

Cause. — From  taking  a  cold  drink  of  water  after  working 
hard;  or  from  being  allowed  to  stand  in  the  cold  afterward:  or  it 
may  develop  as  the  early  symptom  of  some  internal  disorder. 

Symptofus. —'H.orse  will  refuse  to  eat;  shivers;  looks  dull; 
back  arched;  respiration  heavy;  the  pulse  is  accelerated,  and  the 
temperature  rises.     This  is  not  a  disease  in  and  of  itself,  but  is 


m 


1 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 337 

rather  the  symptoms  of  one,  and  the  animal  should  be  carefullf 
watched  afterwards  to  see  what  disease  is  to  follow,  and  treat 
arcordingly;  sometimes  it  is  nothing  but  a  mild  fever,  but  many 
times  something  more  serious  may  ensue. 

Tkeatment.— 

As  soon  as  noticed  put  the  horse  in  a  warm  stall  and  put  on 
an  extra  blanket  or  two  to  get  him  warmed  up.  If  his  legs  are 
fold,  rub  them  to  arouse  the  circulation,  and  give  as  a  drench: 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter i  ounce. 

Mcoli.il I      " 

Fluid  Kxtract  .Aconite 5  to  lo  drops. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna I  ilrachm. 

Cinjrgr a  tablespooufuls. 

Mix,  and  give  in  a  pint  of  lukewarm  water, 
repeating  the  Alcohol  and  Ginger  in  an  hour, 
aud  the  entire  dose  an  hour  later  if  the  chill  is 
not  over. 

If  the  above  is  not  at  hand  give  any  stimulant,  as  Alcohol  or 
Ammonia,  A  chill  should  always  be  overcome  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, as  the  longer  it  runs  the  more  .serious  the  fever  that  follows. 
After  the  chill  is  over,  give  a  fever  mixture,  as  the  one  recom- 
mended in  early  stages  of  "Inflammation  of  the  Lungs,"  and 
watch  for  complications. 

HOW  TO  EXAMINE  FOR  SOUNDNESS.— The  great 

thing  to  remember  in  examining  a  horse  for  soundness  is  to  be 
systematic;  and  while  we  can  commence  at  any  point,  it  is  perhaps 
best  to  commence  at  the  left  side  of  the  head.  In  examining 
any  part,  think  of  that  part  only,  and  of  all  the  diseases  which 
might  affect  it.  If  possible,  see  the  horse  while  standing  in  his 
Stan,  undisturbed,  to  see  if  he  has  any  stable  vices;  watch  him 
carefully  as  he  is  backed  from  the  stall,  because  some  slight  lame- 
nesses only  show  at  this  time.  After  taking  the  horse  from  the 
stall,  have  him  jogged  at  the  halter,  past  you,  away  from  you, 
and  toward  you;  have  him  turned  both  ways.  Having  satisfied 
yourself  that  he  is  free  from  lameness,  stand  him  squarely  on  all 
tour  feet  and  commence  your  systematic  examination.  Commence 
by  examining  nostrils  and  mouth,  looking  at  his  teeth  in  order  to 
aa 


t  i' 


338 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


1 1  ill 


?'j  I  \ 


■  i 

.'     r 

^  3  ii  " 

lis '' 

Ha  ^' ' 

1 

1  ■' 

1 

ii ; 

li 

5i"  ■'■;  :i 

li 


tell  his  age;  then  look  dose  into  the  eyes  to  see  that  there  is 
nothing  wrong;  pass  the  hand  up  around  the  ears  and  the  top  of 
his  head,  to  see  that  they  are  all  right;  then  examine  the  neck, 
by  starting  at  the  top,  running  the  hand  over  it  to  the  withers,' 
then  over  the  shoulder,  down  tlie  outside  and  inside  of   the  fore 
lej;,  and  watch  carefully  for  splints,  side-lx)ncs,  ring-bones,  and 
like  affections;  tlicii  raise  the  foot   and  sec  if  it  is  well  formed, 
with  good,  strong  heels;  look  back  along  the  belly  for  warts  and 
running  sores  as  the  result  of  castration;  then  pass  the  hind  down 
the  back  of  the  hips  and  see  that  the  hip  bones  are  both  ihe  same 
si/e;  then  follow  the  hind  leg  over  the  hock  and  hind  fetlock  and 
look  for  spavins,  wind-galls,  curbs,  splints,  side-bones  and  ring- 
bones, and  also  at  ihe  stifles,  and   see  that  they  are  all  right; 
examine  the  foot  as  you  did  in  front,  then  go  over  the  other  side 
in  same  detail.    Go  slowly,  dwelling  on  each  part  a  sufficient  time 
to  think  of  all  its  diseases.  After  this,  stand  back  and  see  how  he 
stands  on  his  legs,  if  hips  are  symmetrical,  and  also  how  he  holds 
his  head  and  neck;  then  pass  to  the  front  and  notice  if  he  stands 
with  his  front  feet  well  under  him,  for  this  is  a  good  sign;  at  the 
same  time  see  if  he  is  inclined  to  be  weak  in  knees  or  fetlocks. 
Beware  of  calf-kneed  horses,  for  they  are  always  stumblers;  see 
that  horse  stands  neither  too  straight  nor  too  crooked  on  his  hind 
legs;  see  that  he  has  a  well-formed  breast,  and  that  he  does  not 
toe  in  nor  toe  out  too  much;  then  make  an  effort  as  though  you 
would  strike  him  with  a  whip  over  the  side;  if  he  grunts  as  he 
jumps,  examine  to  see  that  he  is  not  a  roarer;  to  do  this  have  him 
run   for  one-eighth  of  a  mile,  stfjp  him  suddenly  and  place  ear 
quickly  to  the  throat;  there  should  be  no  whistling.     Then  hitch 
him  up  and  drive  him,  to  see  that  he  carries  his  front  and  hind 
legs  well  and  that  he  has  good  action,  also  noticing  whether  he 
carries  his  tail  straight  or  not.     If  for  draft,  hitch  him  to  a  load 
of  some  kind  to  see  how  he  pulls.    Now  put  him  in  the  stable  for 
an  hour  or  two,  giving  liim  a  pail  of  water  and  a  feed,  for  in 
some  cases  of  lameness,  the  animal  will  not  show  it  until  he  has 
stood  for  awhile.    After  this,  go  into  the  stall  and  take  the  horse 
out  yourself,  noting  how  he  steps  over  and  how  he  backs  out, 
for  fear  of  string-halt  and  chorea.     After  this  give  him  another 
trot  to  test  for  lamencfS  and  soundness  of  wind.       A  person 


DISEASES  OK  THE  HORSE 


339 


cannot  be  too  careful  in  examining  a  horse,  as  there  are  so  many 
troubles,  it  is  easy  to  overlook  some  conditions  that  may  prove 
more  or  less  serious. 

FORMS  OF  GUARANTY  OR  WARRANT  OF 
SOUNDNESS.— 

When  a  horse  is  tought  on  a  guaranty,  the  language  should 
he  concise  and  comprehensive.  Equivocal  language  and  verbiage 
is  the  resort  of  tricksters,  who  wish  by  this  means  to  deceive, 
and  honest  men  should  avoid  the  appearance  of  evil.  The  follow- 
ing are  good: 

Dollars, 

years,  sound. 


Received  of    Mr. —  •    

for ,  warranted years  old,  and  under.. 

free  from  vice,  and  quiet  to  ride  or  drive. 

Signature 


The  place,  date  of  purchase,  the  name  of  the  person  who 
pays,  the  amount  paid,  the  description  of  the  animal  with  pedi- 
gree, if  any,  and  reference  to  the  proper  stud  book,  and  the  age, 
should  be  filled  out  and  signed  by  the  seller.  A  form  fully  filled 
out  might  read  as  follows: 

Detroit,  Mich.,  June  15,  1904. 

Received  of  John  Adair,  seven  hundred  and  fifty  (#75°)  dollars,  for  the 
dark  bav  imported  stallion  Imperial;  black  mane  and  tail,  and  one  white 
hind  fetlock.  Sire,  Alexander;  dam,  Alicia,  etc.,  as  contained  in  the  stud 
book.  Said  stallion  i.s  warranted  five  years  old,  and  under  six  years  old, 
.sound,  free  from  physic.-il  defect,  and  safe  and  quiet  to  ride  or  drive. 

(Signed)  Arthur  Q.  McKenzib. 

This  covers  the  ground,  and  may  be  changed  to  suit  any 
transaction  in  the  buying  of  a  horse. 

A  bill  of  sale  might  read  as  follows: 

DETROIT,  Mich.,  June  15,  1904. 

For  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of... Dollars  (or,  if  3 

note  is  given  for  the  whole  or  part,  state  this  fact).     I  have  this  day  soU  ♦" 
John  Adair,  the  horse   etc.  etc.  (as  in  the  other  foruU, 


340 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


f- 

>;  i'  ' 

\M 


:.t 


1 

||i 

P' 

|:^ 

]V 

1.-  ' 

,, 

..It: 

TO  TELL  THE  AQE  OF  HORSES 

BY  O.   R     GI.KASON 

To  tell  the  a^e  of  any  horse, 
Inspect  the  lower  jaw,  of  course; 
The  sixth  front  tooth  the  tale  will  tell, 
Ami  every  doubt  ami  fear  disi)el. 

Two  niiildle  "nippers"  you  behoUl 
Before  the  colt  is  two  weeks  dM. 
Before  eij^ht  weeks  two  more  will  come; 
Ei^ht  months,  the  "corners"  cut  the  nunis 

Two  outside  f^rooves  will  disappear 
From  middle  two  in  just  one  vear. 
In  two  years  from  the  second  pair; 
In  three  the  corners,  too.  are  hare. 

At  three  the  middle  "nippers"  drop; 
At  four  the  secoml  pair  can't  stop. 
When  five  years  old,  the  third  pair  goes. 
And  then  a  full  new  set  he  shows. 

The  deep  hlack  spots  will  pass  from  view, 

At  six  years  from  the  middle  two. 

The  second  pair  at  seven  years; 

At  eight  the  spot  each  "corner"  chars. 

From  middle  nippers,  upper  jaw, 
At  nine  the  black  .spots  will  withdraw. 
The  second  pair  at  ten  are  white; 
Eleven  finds  the  "corners"  light. 

As  time  goes  on,  the  horsemen  know 
The  oval  teeth  three-sided  grow; 
They  longer  get,  project  before, 
Till  twenty,  when  we  know  nu  more. 


DISEASES  OP  THE  HORSE 


341 


HOW  TO  TELL  A  HORSE'S  AGE  BY  HIS  TEETH. 

—Ill    buying  liorses  it  is  often   desirable  to  l)e  able  to  judge  of 
the  approximnte  age  of  the  animals.     With  a  little  experience 
this  ca:i  be  done  quite  accurately  by  examining  the  teeth.     In 
judging,  we  may  confine  ourselves  almost  entirely  to  the  lower 
front  teeth,  called  the  lower  incisors.     In  the  horse  there  are  six 
of  these,  and  they  are  named  as  follows:     The  two  middle  ones 
are  called  the  central  incisors,  the  ones  on  each  side  of  the  centrals 
are  called  the  laterals,  and  the  ones  next  to  these,  or  the  outer 
ones  on  each  side,  are  called  the  corners.     Those  on  the  upper 
jaw  are  named  the  same,  but  we  need  not  study  them  in  judging 
a^e.     The   back    teeth    are  called    the  molars,  or  grinders,   but 
these  do  not  aid   in  judging  of  the  age,  except  at  one  period, 
which  will  be  mentioned  later.     In  structure,  the  teeth  are  mada 
up  for  the  most  part  of  a  hard,  bone-like  substance  called  dentine, 
the  outside  being  covered  over  with  a  still  harder  substance,  the 
hardest  in  the  body,  known  as  enamel.     The  enamel  not  only 
covers  the  outside  of  the  tooth,  but  dips  down  into  the  tooth  at 
various  places.     In  the  molars  it  dips  down  in  a  number  of  places, 
and  being  harder  than  the  surrounding  dentine  wears  away  more 
slowly,  and  hence  keeps  the  grinding  surface  of  the  tooth  rough. 
In  the  incisor  teeth  the.  enamel  surrounds  the  cups,  which  are  in 
the  grinding  surface  of  these  teeth.     This  enamel,  which  dips 
down  into   the   substance   of   the   tooth,  is   called    the   internal 
enamel  to  distinguish  it  from  that  on  the  outside  of  the  tooth, 
called  the  external  enamel. 

The  horse  has  two  sets  of  teeth;  the  first,  which  are  called 
Ihe  temporary,  or  milk  teeth,  are  twenty-four  in  number,  twelve 
in  each  jaw;  six  incisors  and  six  molars,  three  molars  on  each 
side.  The  second  set,  which  are  called  the  permanent  teeth,  are 
forty  in  number,  six  incisors,  twelve  molars,  and  two  canines,  in 
each  jaw.  The  canines  are  generally  absent  in  the  mare;  they 
are  the  sharp-pointed  teeth  in  the  space  between  the  incisors  and 
molars.  The  canines  and  the  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  molars  are 
not  present  in  the  temix.rary  set,  and  hence  thehor.se  has  only 
one  set  of  these  teeth. 

At  birth  the  colt  generally  has  the  central  incisors  in  both 
lower  and  upper  jaws,  four  front  teeth;  sometimes-  these  do  not 


I 

i 
I 


342 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


il^ 


come  throuRh  for  a  week  or  ten  days  after  birth.  At  eight  to 
ten  weeks  the  lateral  incisors  on  each  jaw  come  through,  and  at 
about  ten  months  the  corner  incisors  come  in.  The  colt  now  has 
a  full  colt's  mouth,  all  his  temporary,  or  milk  teeth,  as  they  are 
called.     The  temporary  back  teeth,  or  grinders,  are  in  at  birth. 


Hllilll  Diiys 


Two  to  Three  Months. 


The  fourth  molars,  the  first  permanent  teeth,  come  in  at 
about  ten  months  of  age,  but  they  need  not  be  considered  for 
judging  age,  as  the  corner  incisors  come  in  at  that  time,  and  the 
age  can  be  judged  by  them. 

At  from  twenty  mouths  to  two  years  the  fifth  molars  come 
in,  and  as  there  are  no  very  marked  changes  in  the  incisors  at 
this  age,  the  presence  or  absence  of  the  fifth  molars  helps  us  in 
judging  at  this  time.  This  is  the  only  time  when  it  is  necessary 
to  refer  to  the  molars  in  judging  age. 


Eight  to  Tea  Months. 


One  Year. 


The  next  change  noticed  in  the  teeth  is  the  shedding  of  the 
temporary,  and  the  appearance  of  the  permanent  teeth.  Tha 
permanent  teeth  .ire  formed   down   in  the  jav.'  underneath  the 


DISKASKS  OF  TIIK  HORSE 


343 


I  i. 


Two  Ye»r». 


Two  and  One- Half  to  Three  Ycari. 


roots  of  the  temporary  ones,  push  up  against  the  roots  of  the 
temporary,  absorbing  a  large  part  of  the  root,  and  pushing  out 
the  remainder  of  the  tooth.  The  first  of  these  changes  takes 
place  with  the  teeth  at  from  two  years  nine  months  to  three  years, 
when  the  temporary  central  incisors  are  shed,  and  the  permanent 
ones  take  their  place;  it  is  about  tliree  months  from  the  time  the 
permanent  teeth  appear,  until  they  are  in  wear.  The  permanent 
leet'fl  are  much  larger  than  the  temporary,  so  there  is  no  danger 
of  mistaking  them. 

The  next  change  is  at  Irom  three  years  nine  months  to  four 
years,  when  the  lateral  incisors  change.  The  four-year-old  colt 
then  has  four  large  permanent  incisors  in  each  jaw  and  the  two 
small  temporary  corners. 


Three  and  One-Half  to  Four  Years. 


Four  and  One- Half  to  Five  Yean. 


At  five  the  comer  incisors  change;  the  colt  now  becomes  a 
horse,  having  all  his  permanent  teeth,  the  permanent  grinders 
having  replaced  the  temporary  ones  during  the  last  two  years, 
and  the  sixth  molars  and  the  canines  having  come  in  during  the 
last  year.     Technically   speaking,  the  male   animal   under   five 


344 


TIIIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


m'\ 


'^H  I 


Ml  '* 


|!-i> 


11 -I 


years  of  age  is  called  a  colt;  past  five,  a  horse.    The  fcuial.*  under 
five  is  called  a  filly;  past  five,  a  mare. 

After  five  the  age  is  judged  by  the  way  the  teeth  wear  away. 
When  the  looth  first  comes  iu  wear,  there  is  in  the  grinding  sur- 


Five  Vrar». 


face,  a  cone-shaped  cavity,  commonly  spoken  of  as  the  "cup,"  and 
as  the  tooth  wears  away  this  cup  becomes  shallower  and  smaller; 
as  the  teeth  come  in  wear  at  diflerent  periotls  the  cups  in  the  dif- 
ferent teeth  wear  away  at  difTerent  ages.  Surrounding  the  cup 
is  a  thin  layer  of  a  very  hard  substance  called  the  internal  enamel; 
being  harder  than  the  rest  of  the  tooth,  it  wears  away  more 
slowly  and  projects  alx)ve  the  rest  of  the  surface. 

At  six  the  cups  in  the  lower  central  incisors  are  becoming 
small  and  shallow,  but  not  entirely  gone,  the  cups  still  being  fair 
size  in  the  laterals. 


Seven  Years, 


Bight  Years. 


At  seven   the  cups  are  gone  from  the  central  incisors  and 
bc;:uming  shallow  in  the  lateral  mci;sord. 


DISKASI'S  OK  THIv  HORSR 


345 


At  ci^ht  tlie  cups  are  gone  from  the  lateral  and  getting  shal- 
low in  the  corner  incisors. 

At  nine  the  cnps  are  ^'one  from  the  corner  incisors,  and  from 
this  time  on  we  cannot  judRe  the  age  with  the  same  degree  of 

accuracy. 

We  referrc<l  ahove  to  the  internal  enamel  surroundmg  the 
cup-;  when  the  cup  is  gone  this  internal  enamel  will  Ik-  recognized 
a-,  :i  thin,  wliitish  layer,  forming  an  oblong  ring  in  the  center  of 
il,LKrin<iing  surface;  it  shows  more  plainly  when  th"?  mouth  is 
s,)  held  that  the  sun  shines  on  the  tooth,  or  it  can  he  felt  by 
jussing  the  fuiger  over  the  surface.  As  we  have  said,  when  the 
cup  is  first  worn  away,  the  rnig  is  oblong  and  (juite  large,  but 
as  age  advances  it  l)ecomes  smaller  and  rounder,  and  finally 
disappe-irs  entirely;  then  the  surface  will  feel  smooth  to  thv. 
touch.  After  the  animal  is  nine  yeas  old  we  note  the  shape  and 
si/eof  this  ring  of  internal  enamel  in  judging  the  age. 

At  ten  the  ring  of  internal  enamel  in  the  lower  central  incisors 
is  becoming  quite  small  and  round,  but  not  entirely  gone. 

At  al'out  twelve  the  enamel  is  gone,  or  nearly  so,  from  the 
centrals,  and  small  in  the  laterals. 

At  about  fourteen  the  enamel  is  gone  from  the  lateral  incisors. 
and  small  in  the  corners. 

At  al)out  sixteen  the  enamel  is  gone,  or  nearly  gone,  from  the 
corner  incisors;  and  after  this  we  can  judge  the  age  only  by  the 
general  shape  of  the  teeth. 

The  foregoing  rules  are  more  reliable  when  the  upper  and  lower 
teeth  oppose  each  other  perfectly.  Sometimes  the  upper  teeth 
project  beyond  the  lower;  if  the  defect  is  only  slight  it  will  not 
cause  nmch  variation;  if  bad,  however,  it  will  prevent  judging 
the  age,  as  the  lov.er  teeth  will  not  wear  awa>-.  We  also  some- 
tuues  find  that  one  side  wears  faster  than  the  other;  upon  looking 
at  the  corner  tooth  on  one  side  we  might  judge  the  animal  fifteen 
or  sixteen,  while  the  other  corner  might  indicate  only  twelve. 
So  in  judging  age  consider  all  the  points;  do  not  form  an  opinion 
from  one  or  two  teeth. 

In  addition  to  the  specific  changes  in  the  teeth  already 
mentioned  there  are  certain  other  general  changes,  which  help  to 
,i,.»^.^.».:j5(.  v.'hetl'.er  a  horse  is  old  or  young. 


S4^ 


Till'   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


As  an  animal  grows  older  the  shape  of  the  arch  and  also  the 
shape  of  llu'  tn tli  iliaiixc.  In  the  young  hor^t-,  one  st-ven  or 
eight,  the  itpjKr  Uelli  e\ten<l  nearly  straight  down  and  the  lower 
up,  meeting  each  other  in  such  a  way  that  the  front  surface  of 
the  upix-T  ami  lower  teiih  form  nearly  a  straight  line;  as  the  ani- 
mal grows  older,  hotli  iiMper  and  lower  teeth  project  forward  and 
from  an  angle  with  each  other,  this  angle  l)ecomtng  sharjur  as 
the  anim:d  advances  in  age. 

In  the  yonng  horse  the  teeth  art  hroad  from  side  to  side,  and 
narrow  from  before  hack;  as  the  animal  grows  older  the  te-eth  get 
narrower  from  side  to  side  and  wider  from  Kfore  backward. 

In  endeavoring  to  judge  the  nge  of  a  horse,  then,  first  see  if 
the  U]iixr  and  lf)wer  incis/irs  oppose  each  other  jierfectly,  and  also 
if  those  o!i  one  side  of  the  centrals  are  wearing  the  same  as  those 
on  the  other;  if  these  conditions  exist  the  age  can  be  judged  with 
a  good  degree  of  certainty;  if  they  do  not,  allowance  must  lie 
made  for  any  irregularity.  Anyone  by  using  the  foregoing  rules 
can,  with  a  little  cxiK-rienoe,  become  quite  proficient  iu  judging 
the  age  of  horses. 

Independent  of  the  teeth,  the  «;eueral  indication  of  old  age 
are:  Deepening  of  the  hollows  over  the  eyes;  gray  hairs  over  the 
eyes  and  about  the  nui//.le;  pendulous  lips  with  a  wrinkled 
apiK'arance;  sharpness  of  the  withers,  sinking  of  the  back,  etc. 

The  value  of  an  old  horse  so  far  as  his  teeth  are  concerned, 
will  depend  very  largely  uiion  the  condition  of  the  molars,  as 
these  are  really  the  working  teeth.  If  these  teeth  are  still  fairly 
large,  their  grinding  surfaces  rough,  and  the  grinding  surfaces 
on  the  same  straight  line,  they  are  in  condition  to  grind  the  food 
in  good  shajie;  if,  on  the  other  hand,  they  are  getting  small,  the 
grinding  surfaces  are  smooth  and  some  are  longer  than  others, 
not  much  can  be  expecte<l  of  them  by  way  of  preparing  the  food, 
and  the  animal  will  be  of  little  value, 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


OPERATIONS 


347 


Whenever  it  is  i)ossible,  all  operations,  except  a  few  simple 
oiK-ft,  should  iH.-  k-ft  to  tlie  veterinarian,  hut  for  the  benefit  of 
Iho-^e  who  cannot  secure  a  veterinarian,  a  few  of  the  operations 
will  be  considtred. 

SOME  IMPORTANT  POINTS  -Whenever  possible, 
deaden  the  pain  of  an  ojKTation  by  usiu^  either  local  or  general 
.iux>sthetics.  Never  iutlict  uiuiecessary  pain.  Secure  the  animal 
>u  he  caiuiot  hurt  himself,  or  those  assistiug.  Have  all  instru- 
ments used,  perfectly  clean,  placing  them,  a  little  while  before 
,.l)erating,  and  keeping  them,  when  not  in  use  during  the  oi)era- 
tion,  in  a  solution  oi  Carlxjlic  Acid,  !i  ounce,  water,  i  pnit. 
Have  the  hands  clean,  and  ojierate  in  a  place  free  from  dirt  and 
.lust. 

LOCAL  AN/ESTHETICS  are  those  preparations  which 
destroy  sensation  in  the  part  to  which  they   are  applied;  one  of 
the  Ixjst  is  a  solution  of  Cocaine;   an  eight  per  cetit.  solution  is 
generally  used,  except  when  appliefl  tc  nmcous  membranes,  then 
a  five  per  cent.  soluti.)n  is  used.     Have  a  druggist  make  up  the 
solution.     In  sewing  up  wounds  about  the  head  it  is  sometimes 
difficult  to  hold  the  head  still:  by  rubbing  the  edges  of  the  wound 
with  a  little  of  the  •solution,  all  the  pain  is  deadened;  in  opening 
an  absces!-.,  if  the  skin  is  rubbed  well  with  a  little  of  the  solution 
for  live  minutes,  then  wait  a  few  minutes,  it  can  be  opened  with- 
out pain;  very  valuable  in  those  places  where  a  little  movement 
of  the  animal  is  apt  to  interfere,  as  alx)ut  the  knee  or  hock.     In 
cutting  out  tumors,  by  injecting  a  drachm  under  the  skin  with 
a  hypodermic  syringe  in  three  or  four  places  aroui-'  the  base  of 
the  tumor,  and  then  rubbing  around  the  tumor,  it  can  l)e  removed 
with  very  little  pnin.     Much  of  the  pain  can  lie  destroyed  by 
rubbing  the  surface  of  the  tumor  as  in  opening  abscesses.    A  few 
drops  of  a  five  per  cent,  solution  dropped  into  the  eye,  will  destroy 
the  pain  in  operation  upcm  that  organ.     Never  use  more  than  an 
ounce  of  the  solution  during  an  operation,  and  not  much  more 
than  one-half  ounce  if  injected  'ir.der  the  skin. 


matm 


''.^^simMkftm^ii 


ii 


348 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I?. 


GENERAL  ANiESTHETICS.-These  are  the  drugs 
which  produce  unconsciuuMHjs.s  and  loss  of  sensation.  Those  most 
used  are  Chloroform  and  Sulphuric  Ivther,  and  are  given  bv  inhal- 
ing the  vapor.  There  is  danger,  in  using  them,  of  their  causing 
death  hy  stopping  respiration  and  the  heart's  action,  and  so 
they  should  only  he  used  by  the  experienced,  except  in  extreme 
cases.  Anaesthetics  shonld,  however,  be  used  in  all  the  severe 
operations.  Chloroform  is  most  used  with  horses  and  cattle; 
lUher  with  dogs.  The  animal  is  thrown  and  secured,  a  siwnge  i:, 
then  .saturated  with  the  drug  to  be  used,  and  put  into  a  bag 
one-half  the  size  of  a  grain  sack,  the  nose  put  into  the  bag, 
and  the  bag  held  fairly  tight  around  the  face,  below  the  eyes; 
S()metimes  a  paper  flour  sack  is  put  inside  the  other  sack,  and 
the  sponge  put  into  this;  with  this  there  is  some  danger  of  giving 
chloroform  tew  fast,  as  some  air  should  always  be  given  with  it. 
Another  way  is  to  cover  the  cloth  sack  with  a  rubber  blanket,  and 
this  can  be  held  down  to  prevent  the  chloroform  from  wasting, 
and  3-et  kept  open  enough  to  admit  sufllcient  air.  If  the  chloro- 
forui  sack  is  made  of  thick  canvas  it  need  not  be  covered  at  all. 
In  case  of  death,  respiration  stojjs  a  little  before  the  pulse,  and  so 
this  act  should  be  carefully  watched,  but  the  finger  should  also 
be  kept  on  the  pulse,  and  if  either  of  these  acts  show  indications 
of  stopping,  remove  the  sack  at  once  and  let  the  animal  inhale 
the  fumes  of  Ammonia.  To  tell  when  the  animal  is  under  the 
influence  of  the  drug,  the  eyeball  is  touched  with  the  finger; 
when  unconscious,  he  will  not  wink.  The  sack  is  theu  removed 
and  a  few  breaths  of  pure  air  are  given,  and  then  the  sponge  is  so 
fixed  that  he  will  get  a  little  chloroform  with  each  breath,  the 
larger  part  being  air:  if  he  commences  to  become  conscious,  more 
chloroform  is  given  for  a  few  seconds,  or  until  he  goes  under  its 
influence  again.  These  drugs  affect  different  animals  differently, 
and  so  each  case  needs  careful  attention.  From  three  to  four 
ounces  of  chloroform  is  required  to  put  a  horse  under  its  influence, 
and  keep  him  there  an  hour. 


m:> 


I  k  -iifi 


THE  KNIFE.— Almost  any  knife  will  answer  for  operat- 
ing, if  not  too  large  to  be  awkward  to  handle.  A  medium  sized, 
one-bladed  jack-knife,  with  a  blade  some  two  and  one-half  inches 


•ma 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


349 


long  and  half  an  inch  wide,  answers  very  well.     It  should  be  per- 
fectly clean  and  very  sharp.     A  dull  knife  inflicts  much  more 
pain  than  a  sharp  one.   The  knife  is  held  in  different  ways;  when 
doing  careful  dissecting,  much  as  a  pen  is  held  in  writing.    When 
a  firmer  gra.sp  is  needed,  and  the  tissue  is  to  be  cut  down  onto, 
hold  as  follows:  open  the  knife  and  lay  it  on  the  table,  sharp  edge 
of  blade  down;  now  pick  it  up,  clasping  the  blade  between  the 
thumb  and  first  finger,  a  little  back  of  its  middle.    If  the  cut  is  to 
be  made  by  an  upward  stroke,  or  where  there  is  to  be  simply  au 
inward  thrust  and  an  immediate  withdrawal,  as  in  opening  an 
abscess,  hold  the  knife  as  follows:  open  it  and  place  it  on  the 
table   with  back  of  blade  down;  now  pick  it   up,  clasping   the 
blade  between  the  thumb  and  first  finger,  just  far  enough  from 
the  point  to  cut  the  required  depth;    holding  in  this  way,  the 
thumb  and  finger  acts  as  a  shield  and  prevent  too  deep  cutting. 
Make  a  cut  with  a.^  quick  a  movement  as  it  is  safe  to  make,  as 
the  pain  is  less  than  with  a  slow  movement;  also  make  as  few 
strokes  a.s  possible,  as  a  cut  two  inches  long   made   with   two 
strokes  causes  twice  the  pain  it  would  if  made  with  one  stroke. 

METHODS  OF  CONTROLLING  ANIMALS.— 
A  Twist.— To  make  a  twist,  take  a  piece  of  fork  handle 
about  two  feet  long,  and  one  inch  from  one  end,  bore  a  three- 
eighths-inch  hole;  through  this  put  a  one-fourth-inch  soft  rope, 
about  one  and  one-half  feet  long,  and  tie  the  two  ends  together, 
forming  a  loop.  To  apply  it,  take  hold  of  the  stick  with  the  right 
hand,  sHp  the  left  hand  through  the  loop  and  clasp  the  upper  lip 
well  up  towards  the  nostrils;  slip  the  loop  off  the  hand  onto  the 
lip,  and  twist  the  stick  until  the  loop  is  so  small  it  will  not  slip 
off.  The  upper  lip  is  very  sensitive  and  a  horse  can  be  held  in 
this  way  and  allow  operations  he  would  not  allow  without  it. 
Do  not  turn  the  twist  tighter  than  is  necessary,  as  it  can  be  made 
a  very  inhumane  instrument,  and  if  twisted  too  tight,  or  kept  on 
too  long,  may  paralyze  the  lip. 

Blindfolding.— By  blindfolding  a  horse,  he  will  submit  to 
operations  he  would  not  submit  to,  if  not  deprived  of  his  eye- 
sight. It  is  always  well  to  blindfold  in  throwing  a  horse:  he 
will  not  resist  so  much. 


f 
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I        'i 


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I  r|  ... 


m 


350 


THIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


The  Side-Line.— This  is  a  intans  of  holding  one  hiud  foot 
off  the  ground,  and  prevents  serions  kickinj;  when  working  about 
the  hind  legs  (see  cut).  Apply  the  side-line  to  the  leg  that 
is  not  being  ojierateci  upon. 

Holding  Up  One  Front  Foot  is  also  a  means  of  controlling 

a  )i(jrse;  the  foot  on  tlie  side  the  operator  is  working,  if  about  the 
hind  legs,  is  the  one  to  pick  uj". 

Stocks. — .-Vninials  can  also  be  confined  in  stocks.  Temix)- 
rary  stocks  can  be  made  by  setting  two  posts  alx)Ut  three  feet 
from  the  side  of  a  building  and  eight  feet  apart;  nail  on  the  in- 
side of  the  posts,  up  .some  three  feet  from  the  gniuu'd,  a  good, 
strong  plank,  also  n.ul  acro-ss  from  one  post  to  the  building  a 
strong  plank;  have  one  or  two  rings  securely  fastened  to  the 
building  opposite  the  sid'i  plank;  lead  the  horse  into  the  stocks 
and  I'ass  over  the  back,  and  securely  fasten  to  the  rings  and  the 
side  plank,  a  rope,  much  as  a  kicking  strap  is  put  on  a  colt. 
This  is  a  good  way  to  si..cure  animals  for  dressing  wounds  when 
they  are  inclined  to  lie  vicious. 


iti 


t  f 


Casting.  -The  most  elTectual  way  to  secure  a  horse  is  to 
lay  him  down,  but  as  there  is  a  little  danger  in  this,  especially 
with  an  aged  animal,  it  is  in.t  done  when  other  means  will  answer, 
but  in  some  cases  it  has  to  be  resorted  to. 

There  are  many  ways  of  casting  a  horse.  The  chief  point  is 
to  throw  him  carefully  so  as  to  not  injure  him  in  any  way.  A 
very  good  way  is  to  put  hobbles  on  the  feet,  and  nm  a  chain 
through  the  D's  and  draw  the  feet  all  together,  having  a  rojx; 
running  from  one  arm  over  the  back,  to  make  him  fall  on  desired 
side.  A  good  man  should  be  at  the  horse's  head  to  prevent  him 
throwing  it  .around  and  falling  on  it,  and  thus  breaking  his  neck, 
or  lunging  forward  onto  his  head.  Have  a  good  bed  for  him  to 
fall  on.  Another  };ood  plan,  without  hobbles,  is  Rarey's.  Tie  up 
the  fore  leg,  then  tie  a  strap  to  the  pasteni  of  the  other  fore  leg 
and  pass  it  over  the  horse's  back;  standing  at  the  shoulder,  push 
him  over  a  step,  at  the  same  time  pulling  up  the  u  loi  and  bring- 
ing him  to  his  knees.  He  will  do  some  rearing  and  jumping 
about,  but  waeii  be  gcti  tifcd  he  will  he  quietiy  -clown,  wac;*.  h'.i 


rmrW^' 


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'mi 


« 


'¥'    «■■ 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE 


35 » 


legs  can  be  tied  and  held  down.  To  prevent  him  pounding  his 
head,  have  a  good  man  there,  who  should  put  one  knee  on  his 
neck,  and  turn  his  nose  up  at  an  angle  of  forty  five  degrees.  As 
a  safeguard  against  too  severe  straining,  tie  a  rope  from  just 
above  one  knee  to  above  the  h(3ck  of  the  leg  on  the  same  side, 
and  draw  the  legs  as  clasely  together  as  possible,  and  confine  them 
there.  This  lessens  ability  to  struggle.  The  double  side-line 
>s  also  used,  as  per  "cut,"  and  as  described  under  Castration. 

OPENING  AN  ABSCESS.— This  is  not  a  difficult  opera- 
tion, but  if  not  done  properly  it  is  of  little  use,  and  is  apt  to  retard  a 
cure.  When  ready  to  ojxiu,  ascertain  as  near  as  possible  where 
the  bottom  is,  and  insert  the  knife  at  that  point,  making  an  open- 
ing quite  to  the  bottom  for  the  escape  of  tjie  pus.  If  this  is  not 
possib'  \  open  at  the  top,  and  evacuate  with  a  sponge  or  syringe. 
The  main  pohit  to  bear  in  mind  is  to  open  as  near  as  possible  to 
the  bottom.  A  twist  on  the  nose  is  usually  sufficient  to  keep 
the  animal  quiet.  After  opening,  flush  out  well  with  water, 
using  a  bulb  syringe,  and  then  inject  a  little  Carbolic  Acid  lotion— 
;<  ounce  of  the  acid  to  a  pint  of  water.  Flush  out  each  day  for 
four  or  five  days  and  then  once  in  two  days  until  healed.  If  the 
opening  gets  small  before  the  abscess  heals,  as  it  will  if  the 
abscess  is  large,  enlarge  it;  if  it  closes  before  the  abscess  heals 
from  the  bottom,  it  will  form  again.  In  treating  old  abscesses 
having  an  inside  lining,  it  is  well  to  inject  a  drachm  or  two  of 
Iodine  into  them  every  other  day  for  a  few  days.  Or,  tie  together, 
along  on  a  string,  a  few  small  wads  of  cotton  batting;  saturate 
these  with  the  Tincture  of  Iodine,  and  press  them  into  the  abscess, 
leaving  the  ends  of  the  string  hanging  out.  Leave  in  twenty-four 
hours  and  then  remove  by  pulling  on  the  string. 

In  some  cases  it  is  well  to  poultice  an  abscess  a  few  days 
after  opening;  this  is  especially  good  if  the  abscess  has  just 
formed. 

BLISTERING-(See  under  "Ring- Bone)." 

PUTTING  IN  STITCHES.— Following  operations,  and 
Also  where  the  skin  ana  muscles  are  cut  accidently,  it  is  often 
desirable  to  draw  the  edges  of  the  wound  together  with  stitches,  or 


352 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


l.i> 


1 


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tm 

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sutures.  Of  these  there  are  four  kinds:  The  interrupted,  the  unin- 
terrupted, quilled,  and  twisted  sutures.  The  interrupted  suture- 
is  the  cue  generally  used.  For  this,  needle  and  silk,  or  silver 
wire,  or  cat-gut,  are  needed.  Clip  the  hair  from  the  edges  of 
the  wound,  and  be  sure  that  everything  is  clean.  Draw  the 
edges  of  the  wound  together  with  a  slightly  curved  needle  and 
silk,  and  when  tying  the  knot  give  the  ends  an  extra  turn  in 
making  the  first  part  of  the  knot,  which  will  keep  it  from  slip- 
ping back  (the  surgeon's  knot);  then  go  on  and  make  a  hard 
knot  in  the  usual  manner,  and  cutoff  the  silk.  Then  another, 
and  so  on. 

The  continuous  or  utiinterrupte<l  suture  sews  up  the  wound 
by  contiiuiing  right  along,  as  in  sewing  cloth,  and  in  tying  the 
ends.  The  (jnilkd  suture  is  when  two  (piills,  or  pieces  of  wood, 
are  used  as  skewers,  and  the  end  of  the  silk  caught  over  them, 
the  quills  being  placed  one  on  each  side  the  wound,  to  prevent 
tearing  out.  The  twisted  suture  is  simply  a  pin  inserted  through 
the  edge^-,  and  a  hair,  or  silk  thread,  wound  around  its  ends  in  the 
form  of  a  figure  8-  Before  sewing  up  a  ragged  wound,  cut  off 
all  ragged  pieces  of  tissue  from  within  the  wound  before  drawing 
the  edges  together;  draw  the  edges  so  they  just  nicely  touch, 
and  leave  a  little  opening  at  the  bottom  for  drainage.  It  is  hard 
to  pass  an  ordinary  needle  through  the  skin,  and  so  it  is  much 
easier  to  use  a  surgeon's  needle,  or  in  the  abser.co  of  this,  the 
old-fashioned  buckskin  needle  will  answer. 

BANDAGES. —  In  the  treatment  of  lameness,  especially 
strains,  when  in  the  legs,  and  also  in  the  stopping  of  hemorrhages 
and  dressing  of  -vounds,  bandages  are  often  used.  For  lameness 
and  dressing  w.  "inds,  stopping  bleeding,  etc. ,  coarse,  unbleached 
muslin  answers  very  well.  For  moderate  pressure,  as  in  the 
case  of  wind-galls  and  stocked  legs,  the  Derby  bandage,  sold  by 
harness  makers,  is  good.  Elastic  bandages  are  good  when  tension 
is  required,  but  need  careful  attention  to  avoid  irritating  the 
skin.  Three  or  four  inches  is  a  convenient  width  for  a  bandage. 
To  apply  it,  first  roll  the  bandage  up  into  a  snug  roll,  and,  com- 
mencing at  the  bottom  of  the  part  to  be  bandaged,  wind  it  around 
the  part,  unwinding  the  roll  as  it  i.-.  applied.     Keep  lue  bandage 


DISl-ASUS  OF  T)!!'    llOKSlC 


353 


PASSING  THE  CATHETER. 


for  drasviiiK  ll^'-"  "''inc  from  the  \ 


)!a'!<kT. 


s„>oothcci  out,  an.l  overlap  a'.,„n  hall  each  tnue  around,  abou 
every  second  or  third  round,  Ium.  the  laudage  halt  way  over,  or 
this  can  be  dwue  at  c,u  h  rnun,!;  this  kee,..  it  t.ght  ami  m  place. 
Secure  the  upper  end  of  the  banda><e  b>  tying  Nv.th  a  stnug. 
IJandages  should  be  applied  tight  uhen  t,sed  with  stran.s:  loosely 
when  used  to  cover  wounds. 

The  catheter  is  a  lube 

With  the  horse  it  needs  to 
for  drasvnig  ine  nriue  iM^m  i"^  •'•" .         ^ 

L  a  little  Ire  than  two  feet  Ion,,  and  is  a  tube  tuade  e.pec.ally  fo 
the  pt,rix,se.     With  the  tttare  an>-  snuall,  rubber  tube  s,k  or  e  ght 
LclL  Lg  .ill  answer.     To  pn^.  it  into  the   --.^and  a^    h 
left  side,  pass  the  left  hand  up  into  the  sheath,  get  hold  of  the 
pe,ns  and'gently  draw  it  down  .,  the  end  shows  below  the  sheatu; 
near  the  center  of  the  penis  will  be  secn  the  opemng       Ha  <.  ti^ 
catheter  clean,  warm,  and  well  oile.I  wuh  melte<l  lar<  ;  take  it  in 
the  right  hand,  insert   the  end   i,uo  the  opening  m  the  penis  and 
kep  gently  pushing  it   in;   have  :m   assistant  raise  the  tai    and 
ttch  the  skin  just  below    t'.e  anus,  and  when  the  catheter  is 
"out  two-thirds  passed,  he  wiU  notice  the  skin  bulge  outward; 
have  him  press  upward  and  forward  and  the  catheter  will  rot  nd 
the  areh.  and  can  be  pushed  on  into  thc^uadder.       n  t- "-^^^h 
operation  is  much  simpler;  the  opening  mto  the  bladde    will  be 
fiuud  ou  the  floor  of  the  vub,  a  about  Hve  uiehes  from  the  I^^enor 
opening.     The  first  finger  of  the  right  hand  can  be  passed  into 
S     passage    and   the    opening   located,  and  then  the  tt.be  can 
,e  paLd  with  the  left  haiul  underneath  the  nght,  and  'l-^ted 
into  the  opening  an.l  pushed  on  into  the  bladder,  which  Will  be 
only  two  or  tliree  inches. 

FOMENTING  -By  fomenting  is  meant  the  continual  bath- 
ing of  a  part  with  h^  .t  or  cold  w  ater.    It  can  be  done  with  a  sponge, 
but  this  is  more  work  and  not  so  effectual  as  when  the  part  to 
be  fomented  is  wrapped  with  a  heavy  blanket  and  this  kc-jH  .e 
with  hot  or  cold  water;   the  water  should  be  re-applied  a    lea  t 
every  half  hour.    For  inflamed  glands,  or  where  there  is  great  pan 
use  hot  water;  at  other  timescold  can  be  n;e<l.    ^'^^^f^^^^ 
the  same  with  either ,     Lukewarm  water  is  no  good.      la  towns. 

23 


■ :  <f  I 


■i  1 


354 


Tin-   PRACTICAL  STUCK  DOCTOR 


I     I 


or  ill  tlic  c(Jiintry  wIkic  the'  farm  has  uattrwniks,  a  hose  can  In. 
fastctieil  iiiukr  the  bhiukct  and  a  stream  ui  water  allowed  to  niii 
coiitiiiiiotislj-.     Another  wa}-  to  foment  tlie  fetlocl;,or  below,  is  to 

TUB. — This  is  alhnviiiK  tlie  horse  l(j  stand  in  a  tub  of  water. 
The  end  of  a  kerosene  barrel  makes  a  fairly  ^(;od  tulj,  only  it  is  a 
little  small;  \)nt  if  ylaeed  in  one-  corner  of  t!ie  stall  the  horse  can 
be  made  t<>  steji  i;ilotlie  tnli,  and  tied  so  lie  will  stand  there.  .Must 
be  carefid  in  .i^etlin^'  him  into  it  the  first  time,  not  to  frighten 
him.  A  lank  some  ei^ht  inches  hi^h  and  three  feet  scjnare,  can 
be  made  ont  of  jilank,  that  answers  nicely  for  tubbing.  The 
water  shonld  I)e  changed  twice  a  day,  or  ice  can  be  added  to  it 
and  the  water  kept  cold  in  this  way.  Another  way  to  foment  the 
feet,  or  rather  to  i)oiilliee  them — for  the  two  oi>erations  are  prac- 
tically the  sanu is  to  stand  the  horse  in  a  puddle  of  blue  clay. 

Any  box  large  enough,  and  si.x  or  eight  inches  high,  can  be  used 
to  [luddle  the  clay  in. 

TAPPING  THE  CHEST.  -In  hydrothorax  the  chest  tills 
wilh  w  itir:  it  is  tlie  stage  of  elTusion  in  pleurisy.  The  lungs  are 
ti'Miid  uj),  and  suffocation  results.  The  presence  of  water  is 
(Klixtid  by  the  .solid  sound— the  stniuil  of  fullness — when  tapi)fd 
wn!i  the  h.uul,  and  b\-  the  absence  of  the  respiratory  nnirnnir; 
and  often,  the  si)lashing  of  the  water  by  the  action  of  the  hea;t 
can  also  be  heard. 

Clip  the  hair  from  a  sjx)t  ab(nit  three  inches  back  of  the 
elbow,  and  five  or  six  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  chesL 
Ascertain  the  exact  location  where  a  pinicture  can  be  made 
without  striking  a  rib,  keeping  in  the  middle  between  two;  cut 
througli  the  skin  with  a  knife,  the!i  insert  the  trocar  and  canula 
and  withdraw  the  trocar,  leaving  tlie  canula  to  act  as  a  spout; 
hold  a  pail  to  catch  the  water.  Should  pieces  of  l\niph  clog  the 
canula,  jiass  a  small  i)robe  and  push  them  off  the  end.  Drain  off 
all  the  water  and  witlidraw  the  canula.  It  is  often  necessary  to 
repeat  the  operation,  in  which  case,  use  a  new  opening.  Have 
the  instrument  ver\'  clean. 

TAPPING  THE  BELLY.— In  iKritonitis  the  belly  often 
fills  with  water,  which  can  be  evacuated  l)y  inserting:  the  trocai 


I)1SI<  ASI'S  Ob  THK  HORSK 


■vS.S 


,,„Ua.u.l;..,n  the  ..K.<lia..  line,  a  conpk-of  inclies  back  of  the  .,..vcl, 
;.,,,,,„,  general  hues  as  to  care  and  „i>erati..n,  as  n.  "TapiMnj: 
the  LMr-i  ••  The  operation  may  be  repeated,  if  necessar> .  but 
llakea  flesh  inci.iun.  rather  than  to  n.seit  again  in  the  former 
wound. 

TAPPING  THE    FLANK   FOR   FLATULENCE.- 
See  "  Flatulent  Colic." 

THE   HYPODERMIC    SYRINGE. -This   in  a  small 
.vrinKc,  with  a  holl.nv  necUe   attached,  for  injecting  niedicnu^s 
,;,Hlern;ath  the  skin.     To  use  it.  first  wash  it  out  with  the  Larboi. 
lotion,  by  drawing  the  syringe  full  and  then  forcing  it  out.  the>. 
draw  into  the  syringe  the  dose  of  the  medicine,  take  the  syringe  n 
,h.  right  hand,  clasping  the  nee.Ue  between  the  thumb  and    i  > 
n.iger:  about  an  inch  from  the  tip;  grasp  it  firmly,  pick  up  a  fob  of 
tlK  skin  with  the  left  hand,  and  with  a  quick  tnru>t    push  the 
„ecdle  through  .he  skin,  and  force  out  the  fluid,     ^f^^^^^ 
.,„ly  be  given  in  this  way  A-heii  the  dose-  is  small  and  the  drUKs 
...m-irriUting.     The  syringe  is  use-d  for  injecting  Locaiue  .olu- 
tions  in  operations. 

GIVING   A   DRENCH.-I-or  holding    the  horse  to   give 
,„,aicine  from  a  bo,  He  (see  cut ) .    The  twist  is  put  on  only  mo.  er^ 
ately  tight,  simply  to  hold  the  head  still  an.l  make  the  lor^  svvall..  v 
better.     Hold  the  head  up  with  the  rope,  not  with  the  twist.     If 
he  ceiling  of  ihe  barn  is  high  enough,  fasten  the  ring  m  the 
ling  well  towards  the  front  end  of  one  of  the  stalls;  and  when 
;■    ug  medicine,  back  the  horse  into  the  stall.     The  looped  st  ap 
I's  >a; -ed  under  the  noseband  of  the  halter  and  mto    he  mou  1, 
ariund  the  upix^r  jaw;  see  that  it  does  not  press  the  edges  of  t  e 
lips  in  against  the  teeth.     This  leaves  the  tongue  and  lower  jaw 
L  for  the  act  of  swallowing.     If  the  horse  refuses  to  su. Uo 
remove   the  bottle   and  tickle   the  roof  of  the  mouth  with  the 
fm.^er.     Medicine  can  also  be  given,  when  the  dose  is  ^"^'^l^^  '» 
thr;wing  it  into  the  back  part  of  the  mouth  mth  a  hard  rubber 
syringe. 

TUMORS  AND  THEIR  REMOVAL.-Tumors  maybe 
described  as  any  unnatural  enlargement  upon  the  body.     Ihey 


;,..f' 


Til]-;  I'KACTICAI,  SIUCK   tHKlOK 


i  1 


ii  1 


(lillvr  very  much  iii  nr.li,nj;ai<l  structure,  souk-  l.viii^  comjjused  ol 
the  saiuo  kind  of  [is>,uc  ;i>  ih.iL  in  vv';ii.h  they  arc  found,  ollurs 
being  made  up  of  :ni  ciitireiy  diikrcnl  li-,Mio  than  tliat  wliiili 
surround^  tlieiu.  T!ic  kuilLncy  with  sonu- :.-.  to  ktcp  on  growing; 
others  remain  the  same  M/e  after  «,tK\'  formed.  Some  tinn((r,-, 
can  be  removed;  others,  on  account  (,f  their  location,  or  structure, 
cannot  be  removed. 

To  remove  tumors,  sotiie,  if  i:(;t  tn.,  l.ir-e,  ctn  be  absorbed 
by  usinp  Iodine  Ointment,  see  treatment  for  "Abscesses."  Others 
have  to  be  (h's-ccfed  out.  To  (h'-sect  out,  larKC  blood  vessels 
must  be  gnardid  against.  Control  tlie  animal  by  some  of  the 
methods,  p  twist  is  fre(iiiently  enough;  use  Cocaine  to  deaden 
pain,  see  "I.ocal  An:csilKtics"  in  this  .section.  With  a  sharp 
knife  make  a  cut  up  and  down  thi(.n.i;h  the  skir,  over  the  center 
of  tlie  tumor;  then  dissect  the  tuiiK.r  from  the  skin,  first  on  one 
side,  then  on  theother,  and  then  dis-ect  the  tumor  from  the  tis.snes 
underneath  it.  If  any  larj.;e  blood  vessels  are  cut,  twist  thcra, 
or  take  up  and  IiKato,  see  "C.eneral  Treatment  of  Wounds." 
After  the  tumor  is  out,  remove  a  little  of  the  skin  from  each  edge 
of  the  cut.  So  it  will  lie  clo.-e  and  not  fwnu  a  jMiuch  win  n  sewed 
np.  Sew  U])  the  upper  part  of  the  skin  wound,  leaving  the  lowt.r 
ojieu  lor  drainage;  follow  with  tnaiment  as  for  an  ordinary 
wound.  If  there  is  some  thickening  left  after  wound  has  lieale-d 
use  the  Iodine  Oinlnient. 

T.-<ACHEOTOMY.-This  is  openin-  the  trachta,  or  wind- 
pipe, and  inserting  atubeinfo  it,  to  irevint  deith  from  threatened 
suffocation.  The  lube  should  be  thrce-'juarters  of  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter, curved  so  as  to  slip  into  the  windpipe  easily,  with  a  plate  at 
the  end,  of  like  material,  to  tie  to  the  neck  to  keep  it  in  place; 
silver  or  hard  rubber  tubes  are  generally  used.  Open  the  skin  by 
an  incision  about  two  inclies  long,  at  a  ])oint  about  eight  inches 
below  the  throat,  where  the  windpipe  is  close  to  the  surface; 
di\iile  the  muscles,  and  lay  bare  the  windjupe;  then  cut  out  a 
circular  pic  ce,  including  tvio  rings,  making  a  hole  large  enough 
to  insert  the  tube.  Once  a  uay  t.ikc  out  the  tube,  clean  it  with 
Carbolic  hHion  and  replace  as  soon  as  possible.  The  tube  may 
be  removed  for  good  when  the  cause  of  suffocation  i?  removed. 


DISKASI'S  OF  Tin:  liOHSH 


?>51 


The  woui'.l  will  soon  Ileal.  Whil-'  tlw-  oiKTalioti  seems  s..ine\\luit 
ilir.-croii'^,  it  issiiui.le;  t'l'--  j.riucipal  point  is  to  have  in  iruments 
,l,,in  and  "ot  to  dr,;.  the  circular  piece  cut  out,  down  into  the 
trachea.  TIk-  (-pcration  liea)n\es  ueces.sary  sometimes  in  bad 
c.i-e-.  of  ilisleiniier  or  laryui;ilis. 

SPAYING.  -Thi^  ojeration  is  rarely  ever  performed  on 
mares,  except  in  ca>e  of  di  ase,  and  as  it  is  a  dangerous  opera- 
iK„i,  sliould  only  be  perfomed  by  a  skilled  man.  It  consists  m 
reinoviiif^  the  ovarie.-^. 

FIRING  (ACTUAL  CAUTERY).— This  is  bnrninR  with 

ri  red-hot  iron  t..^et  up  a  great  amount  of  counter-irritation   or 
intlannnatiun.      It  is  mostly  used  for  ring-bones,  spavins,  curbs. 
ud  sprains  of  the  back  tendons.     It  should  never  be  performed 
except  by  a  vet-  ri.iarian. 

There  are  a  large  ninuber  of  other  o})erations  jK-rformed  upon 
the  lower  animals,  but  tluv  an-  of  such  a  nature  that  only  the 
veterinarian  should  perform  them. 


I 

I 


1 


CATTLE 

THEIR  DISEASES  AND  TREATMENT 


ANATOMY  OF  CATILE 


I'tach  of  the  Ikjiics  and  joints  of  the  ox  receive  the  same 
name  .is  tlic  rorrcspfjiulinjr  oms  in  the  horse,  but  there  are  a  few 
iiiilH.rtaiil  iviitits  of  (liffereiiee  in  tlic  structure  of  '"le  skeleton. 
The  ox  has  thirteen  pairs  of  ribs,  while  the  hor>e  has  ei,i;hteen 
pans.  The  breai^t-boiie  or  slirunni  is  111111.;!  larj^er  and  (latter 
than  in  the  horse,  and  the  cartila-es  of  the  ribs  Attach  to  it  with 
true  joints;  this  is  iiniHjrtant  to  keep  in  inin<l,  tor  when  there  is 
any -iisease  f)f  Iuii>,'S  or  chc^t  in  cattle,  they  ahv.iys  lie  down,  as 
wh.  n  they  take  that  positi.jn,  the  du-t  is  expanded  and  animal 
!;ctN  more  relief  than  when  stalldinJ,^  In  the  horse  t!ie  ca>e  is 
reversed,  the  ribs  and  the  breasl-boiie  beintr  S')  formed  that  the 
;hest  is  contracted  when  lyin:;  down,  hence  in  diseases  of  the 
Iniii^s,  the  horse  stands  insteid  of  lyiiiuj  down. 

Tile  Ih.iics  of  the  head  in  the  f)x  differ  from  those  of  the 
horse  in  Ivinj,'  very  heavy  aipl  wi<le  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
skull,  and  the  sknil  has  a  bony  ]  rojection  at  eacli  side,  called  the 
■■c,n\-  of  111,.-  h<irii  "  This  i<  i'ni«)rtaiit  to  know  in  dehornin-. 
•iM.!  all  intcrt"-ted  in  ib.it  work  sh. mid  become  familiar  witn  the 
iacl.  This  project!..!!,  or  coi'e  of  ih,..  horn,  is  hollow,  which  is  -^ 
cominuation  of  tlie  sinn-es  .;i- cavities  of  the  bones  of  the  Iicad. 
Atlachcd  to  the  (ore.. f  llie  lioni  and  covering  i(,  is  the  horn  itself. 
A'l.-lher  point  of  diflVrciicc  between  the  ox  and  the  horse,  is  that 
there  an-  in  the  heart  of  the  ox  two  .small  bones,  called  cardi.ic. 
or  heati  bones.  There  are  no  sneh  bones  in  the  horse.  One 
more  ]>oint  of  ditTereiice  is  tlial  Ihe  hemes  of  the  feel  of  the  ox  are 
duidtd  into  two  parts,  while  111  the  hoise  they  are  without 
division 


mi. 


I 


r^ 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


359 


THE  ORGANS  OF  DIGESTION.— 

The  Upper  Lip  of  the  ox  is  thick,  haru,  and  hairless,  the 
color  var\iii<(  witli  the  color  of  the  animal,  and  when  in  good 
health  this  part  is  always  moist;   it  is  called  the  muz/le. 

The  Cheeks  on  the  inside  are  covered  b}-  numerous  little 
processes,  which  j;ive  them  a  very  rough  appearance. 

The  Tongue  of  the  ox  is  stronger  than  that  of  the  horse, 
is  more  prL-hensile,  and  is  very  thick  and  heavy  at  the  base;  it  is 
pointed  at  the  front  end,  and  the  upper  surface  is  very  rough. 
It  is  by  means  of  the  tongue  that  food  is  gathered  and  taken  into 
the  month. 

The  Salivary  Glands  are  similar  to  those  of  the  horse. 

The  Teeth  are  mucli  differently  arranged  from  tliose  of  the 
horse;  the  ox  has  no  frf)nt  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw,  their  place 
being  taken  l)y  a  pad  of  cartilage  or  gristle.  The  lower  row  of 
teeth  ])resses  against  this  pad  in  grazing,  and  its  function  is  that 
of  teelli,  but  it  may  be  easily  seen  that  cattle  cannot  thrive  on  as 
short  pasture  as  though  they  had  both  lower  and  upper  incisors. 
The  front  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  are  eight  in  number,  chisel 
shaped,  and  set  loosely  in  the  gum.  The  molars  arc  similar  to 
those  of  the  horse,  but  are  smaller,  and  not  so  smooth  on  U])]xt 
surfaces.  These  are  lwent\ -four  in  number,  which,  added  to  the 
eii;ht  front  teeth,  give  a  total  of  thirty-two  teeth. 

The  Soft  Palate  of  the  ox  is  small,  and  docs  not  close  the 
o[K':ii;ig  from  tlie  moutli  to  the  pliarynx  as  in  the  horse. 

The  Pharynx  in  the  ox  is  mucli  larger  than  in  the  horse. 
Tile  esojihagus,  or  tube  of  the  throat,  which  conve\-s  tlie  food 
U)  the  stomach,  is  well  developed;  the  fibres  in  it  are  very  strong 
and  have  a  double  action.  When  the  animal  is  eating  they  carry 
the  food  from  the  mouth  down  into  the  stomach,  but  during  the 
time  of  rumniating,  they  act  in  a  reverse  manner.  con\-eying  the 
food  from  the  stom;irh  to  the  moutli,  .iiid  returning  it  again  to 
the  stomacii  when  sufl'iciently  masticated. 


36o 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I'h 


I 


m 


The  Stomach  is  a  very  iniporiant  or.t;aii  to  s'  .ly,  for  cattle 
sufTer  rviu-'a  troiii  (Ji<L-aM.-sof  t'.;c  :^toIllacl',  Tin.-  stoiuacli  of  tlie  ox 
has  a  c.!i)acily  of  abo'.u  sixty  t'  illoii^,  and  has  tour  coiiiparlnicuts. 
The  fiist  is  the  iiaiiricli,  or  rnnitn;  the  second  is  the  retictihnn, 
or  lioney-com',;  the  tiiiid  is  llie  oiriasfii .  or  mans  jihes:  ar.d  tiie 
fourth  is  tlie  a'lonia-inn,  or  true  -toinaeh.  The  first  Hirer  /n'epare 
the  food  tor  the  fourth,  where  tlie  real  process  of  <li);estion  is 
carried  (  n,  Th'/  -'aureh,  (jr  riniiea,  i^  very  lari;e,  and  in  an  old 
animal  it  tilN  up  nearly  three-i'.iUMlis  of  thehelly  cavity;  it  lies  up 
a,i;ainst  the  left  -ide  of  the  belly,  where  it  is  attached  and  held  in 
place  hy  ]i!,'rui;..-nts.  It>s;tua;ion  i>  inii>ortaut  to  renieniher,  for 
ui  many  oi  lliediseaso  of  the  ]\'iinii  h,  or  nnnen.  it  is  first  noticed 
on  tli.-  left  side,  and  in  tan(>:ii-  the  patuich  for  hloatin^,  the 
entraui,:   is  alwas-.  nia<ie  on  th^  left  si.h-,  on  account  of  itsposition. 


The  paunch  has  i 


^vo  o;>eniiiij 


an  entrance  and   an  exit,  huth  of 


which  are  in  front:  tlie  food  pa^'-.ini::  from  heie  into  the  reticulum, 
or  honey-coml),  whidi  i-  tli:'  MiMlle-^l  di\i>iini  of  the  stomach.  In 
this  the  entrance  is  at  t!ie  front, aii'!  exit  is  at  the  rear;  its  office  does 
not  seem  marked  in  <o,.i  ]ireparati(jn,  hut  may  helj)  in  jneiiaring 
the  foo<l  to  return  to  iIk  month  for  rt-mastication.  p'rom  the  retic- 
ulum the  food  ]ia^se<  into  the  third  j)art,  or  omasum,  which  is  the 
second  largest  divisin;;  <,f  the  stonuuli.  When  full,  it  is  ovoid  in 
shape,  and  places!  ju^-t  ')ehiad  the  reticiiluin  and  at  theri^dit  side  of 
the  paunch.  Thi-..  if  e.\amined,  is  found  to  he  full  of  folds  or  layers 
of  membrane.  The  function  of  this  jiart  is,  while  food  is  passing 
through,  to  draw  into  its  folds  all  the  coarser  parts  of  the  food 
and  t<i  roll  the  saiiie  about  uiilii  (hiely  divided  and  well  prepared 
to  pass  on  into  the  a:)omastim,  or  true  division  of  the  stomach, 
where  it  is  digested.  Wlivii  this  part  becomes  deran.>;ed  and  the 
food  becomes  dr\-  and  h.ird  1  etweui  tlie  folds,  it  then  >ets  up  the 
disease  called  'iMiixTtioi!  of  the  oma.sum,  or  manyplies,''  or  dry 
murrain.  The  food  pn— m;;  from  here,  as  slated,  goes  into  the 
fourth  or  true  St, -mach.  Ihre  the  food  is  digested.  The  walls 
of  this  part  are  redder  than  rlv-^e  of  the  preceding  three,  and  thev 
contain  the  Khuids  tli.it  -^err.  !(■  the  acids  and  g.astric  juices  <>f  the 
stomach,  to  aid  in  the  v/ork  of  jireparing  food  for  assimilation:  thi-. 
st..macli  cori-e:-pon(;-  to  ilir-  si.^mneh  of  the  horse.  I'rom  Iiere  tlu- 
food  p.-is^es  into  the  small  intestines. 


4    'S"c 


DISKASlvS  OF  CATTLK 


365 


The  Bowels,  or  Intestines,  of  the  ox  are  divided  into  large 
and  small,  the  same  as  those  of  the  horse,  bein;:^  similar  in  struc- 
Uire  and  in  action.  The  small  bowels  are  not  (piite  as  lar^e  as 
tliose  of  the  horse,  l.-nt  about  twice  as  long,  being  about  150  feet 
in  length.  The  large  bowels  are  very  tnuch  sunller  than  those 
vi  the  horse,  being  only  two  to  tliree  inclies  in  diameter,  and 
are  about  tliirty-si.x.  feet  in  length. 

When  the  fonrtli  sloniacli  has  cunipktcd  its  work  in  the 
process  of  digestion  of  the  food,  it  j)a>ses  into  the  small  iiites- 
lines,  and  is  acted  on  l)y  the  bile  from  the  liver,  and  the  pancreatic 
jniee  from  the  pancreas — these  juices  being  emptied  into  liie  first 
1-art  of  the  intestines  through  little  ducts  or  tulies  which  lead 
dov  .1  to  the  bowels  the  same  as  in  the  horse.  Aft.  r  tliis,  tlirough- 
,'  the  rest  of  the  bowels,  the  nourishmer.t  of  tbe  food  is  taken 
up  by  little  villi  which  are  sit'.ialed  in  the  coats  (.'f  the  bowels,  and 
the  nourishment,  when  mice  in  the  blood,  is  carried  out  to  all 
parts  of  the  body,  while  the  part  that  is  not  taken  up,  passes  on 
,111(1  out  in  the  form  of  manure. 


THE  LIVER.— The  liver  of  the  on;  resembles  that  of  the 
liorse,  but  differs  in  that  it  has  a  gall-bladder  re.seml)ling  a  pear 
in  shape,  and  acting  as  a  vessel  ti>  store  up  tlie  g.dl  during  the 
time  there  is  no  digestion  going  on.  During  time  of  digestion, 
the  walls  of  this  vessel  contract  and  the  bile  is  forced  duvn  into 
the  intestine. 

THE  PANCREAS.-The  pancreas  re-^em])les  that  of  tl'.e 
liorse  ;    the  juice  secreted  by  it  having  th.e  ;-.\me  ofl'ice  to  perform 
s  in  the  case  of  the  liorse. 

THE  SPLEEN.  -The  spleen  is  the  sa:ne  in  structure  r.d 
'!se,  but  different  in  shape;  it  i^  oblong,  nud  attached  to  the 
;  nmen. 

THE  RESPIRATORY,  OR  BREATHING  OR- 
GANS.— The  organs  of  resi>iiati.>n  in  tlie  ox  are  simdar  m 
structure  and  ofiicc  to  those  of  the  horse,  but  in  general  are  not 
so  liable  to  disease,  except  tuben.'ulosis,  perh.nns,  whicli  is  some- 
what conunon  with  cattle  and  rarely  affect'^  horses. 


■      i      * 


362 


TUK  PRACTIC.M.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


THE  URINARY  ORGANS.-The  chief  point  of  .litTcr- 
dice  in  tliLSo  or>,Mns  is  111  the  kidneys,  wliich  in  the  ox  are  larger 
tlian  in  the  horse,  and  instead  of  being  smooth  as  in  that  animal, 
are  roiiLMi,  reseinliliiiR  a  buncli  of  j;raix;s.  The  bladder  and 
passages  reseml)le  those  of  the  horse,  except  that  in  the  cow  jnst 
back  of  where  tlie  urethra  oixns  into  the  vnlva,  is  a  little  b)  jid 
depression  wliieh  Iwthers  in  passing  the  catheter. 

THE  GENITAL  ORGANS  OF  THE  COW.- 
The  Ovaries  of  tlie  cow  are  smaller  than  those  of  the  mare, 
but  are  much  t  e  same  in  structure. 

The  Womb  of  the  cow  is  somewhat  like  that  of  the  mare, 
but  the  inside  .surface  is  diflerent,  being  covered  with  button-like 
processes,  very  small  when  the  animal  is  not  pregnant,  but 
increasing  with  gestation  until,  at  the  time  of  calving,  they  p"" 
nearly  as  large  as  a  man's  nst.  These  are  called  "  cotyledons  . 
The  ])lacenla,  or  after-b'rth,  is  attached  to  these,  and  some  .study 
should  be  given  to  tlumi  ami  their  office  by  every  stockm:ui,  since 
they  are  associated  with  some  of  the  troubles  attending  calving. 
Tlie  passage,  or  vagina,  is  formed  on  the  same  principle  as  in  the 
mare,  but  is  not  so  long.  The  vulva  is  imich  the  same,  but  the 
clitoris  is  Very  s-iiall. 

The  Udder,  Mammary  Glands,  or  Bag,  should  be  jm  tty 
well  understood.  The  bag  is  divided  into  halves,  aiul  thisc 
lialves  ag.'iin  di\-ided,  each  part  being  known  as  a  (piarter  of  the 
bag,  each  (piarter  hax'ing  a  mammary,  or  milk  glan  1,  and  a  sinus, 
or  ]K)ucli,  to  hold  the  secrt^ted  milk  until  the  cow  Is  milked.  The 
sinus  is  sitiuited  jti>t  abo\  e  tlie  i)assage  of  the  teat. 

THE  GENITAL  ORGANS  OF  THE  BULL.- 

Tne  Testicles.— The  testicles  are  ovoid  and  well  ileveloped, 
lying  vertical  instead  of  horizontal  as  in  the  horse.  The  sper- 
matic cord  and  artery  are  small,  when  compared  with  tlie  horse. 

The  Penis. —  The  penis  is  long  and  pointed,  and  has  an 
S-shaixil  curv  in  it,  when  not  projected,  just  below  tli<  pubis 
or  hip-bones;  this  curve  may  b;-  fill  with  the  fingers  (if  the  biifi 
don't  object),  just  in  the  rear  of  the  scrotum.     Th^sliiiJth  is  long 


ger 
lal, 

list 
lid 


ire. 


irc, 
ike 
but 


lice 

the 

tlie 


tty 

llK- 

lis, 


od, 
lor- 

'se. 

nn 

bi.s 

>iif 


I< 


ft 


I  f  ¥:\ 


'ft 


S 


,^i 


DISKASRS  OF  CATTLR 


^^3 


and  runs  farther  forward  on  the  bdly  than  with  the  horse,  and 
Ins  a  tuft  of  hair  on  the  poi.it.  When  the  iK-nis  is  extended 
forward,  as  in  serving  a  eow,  tlie  S-shaped  curve  of  the  penis 
strai-htens.  The  S-shaped  curve  prevents  the  passage  of  tlie 
catheter  throu-h  from  the  end  of  ih.e  penis,  as  in  the  horse.  The 
urethra  lias  to  he  cut  into  just  below  the  anus,  where  it  rounds 
forward. 


ACTION  OF  REIMEDIES  IN  CATTLE 


On  account  of  a  diiTerent  make-up,  remedies  work  (juite  dif 
ferently  in  cattle  than  in  the  hor^e.  Medicines  should,  as  far  as 
possible,  bes;iven  them  inlitiuid  form,  and  in  more  bulky  form  than 
for  tlie  horse.  The  medicine  .should  also  be  given  slowly,  as  the 
chances  are  better  for  it  passing  into  the  fourth  stomach.  Cattle 
also  take  from  one  and   a  half   to  two  times  the  dose  taken  by 

horses. 

Aloes,  though  so  excellent  a  jnirgative  for  horses,  is  not  a 
good  remedy  for  cattle,  while  I'.psom  Salts,  that  arc  cold  and 
drastic  for  horses,  on  cattle  work  like  a  charm.  Calomel  and 
other  forms  of  mercury  act  violently  on  cattle,  salivating  them 
soon,  and  in  milch  cows  is  excreted  through  the  milk,  alTecting 
sucking  calves  seriously.  Oils,  used  as  purgatives,  do  not  work 
verv  well  on  cattle;  melted  lard  is  perhaps  the  best.  Mustard, 
as  a  blister,  acts  with  more  vigor  on  cattle  than  on  the  horse,  but 
Turpentine  acts  with  less. 


-1 

i 
i 


Vn 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


PULSE,  RESPIRATION  AND 
TEMPERATURE 


The  !inrnial  pulse  in  cattle  varies  from  fifty  to  fifty-five  heats 
per  I'liiMite:  in  old  animals,  and  in  calves  especially,  it  is  more  raiiid. 
The  piil^e  is  tile  ni'ist  conveniently  taken  on  the  under  bordtr  of 
the  l>.\ver  jaw,  ju^t  in  front  of  the  aii<;Ie,  the  same  as  with  the 
horse.    In  health  it  is  softer  and  kss  tense  than  it  is  in  the  hor>e, 

Th.c  respiration  requires  no  si^eial  skill  to  diagnose:  this 
will  come  with  practice.  The  soft,  rusilin^  sotnid  of  the  healthy 
"  r..>piratory  murmur,"  when  the  ear  is  i)lace(l  to  the  chest,  is 
ali.j-ether  chanj^ed  when  there  is  any  disease  afTectinj,^  the  lun,<;s 
or  air  passaj^es.  Tlie  nnmlvr  of  rcNpirations  in  cattle  per  miiuite 
(usu.dly  twelve  to eighleen;  can  he  easily  counted  by  the  heav- 
ing of  the  chest.  Sume  practice  is  recpu'red  to  make  one  a  good 
judge  (.1  sound  as  uhtaiued  by  percussion,  which  in  health  is 
always  ck-ar  and  resonant,  rercussiou  consists  in  placing  the 
forefinger  of  the  l.-ft  hand  upon  the  cliest,  and  ^triking  it  smartly 
with  the  ends  of  the  first  three  fingers  of  the  right  hand. 

The  tempeiature  in  cattle— as  in  all  animals- is  an  index  of 
great  value.  It  can  oidy  be  arrived  at,  with  any  degree  of  satis- 
faction, with  what  is  called  a  "clinical  thennometer,"  which  is  so 
■-haped  that  when  taken  from  the  body  the  reading  remains  the 
■^ame  until  shaken  down.  It  is  inserted  into  the  rectum  and  left 
tw'  or  three  minutes  ai'd  then  removed  and  read.  The  normal 
te:,  peralnre  of  cattle  is  about  lor  degrees,  a  little  higher  than 
the  horse.  A  rise  of  temperature  above  the  normal  is  called  a 
fever. 

OTHER  INDICATIONS  OF  DISEASE.^  A  "staring 
coat,"  as  it  is  ternud.  in  which  the  hairs  stand  like  bristles,  is  an 
rttivious  symptom,  and  soni'  jnes  the  only  one,  of  a  low  state  of 
health.  i-Miiveriiig,  ulicii  animal  is  only  exposed  to  moderate 
cold,  or  ni>iiu  at  all,  should  receive  pronijt  attention;  for  it  is 
infallibly  the  uslurin,";  in  of  an  attack  of  disease  that  is  usually 
~evcre      Colil  swe;it  coniiuL'  out  on  the  skin  of  nv-  ntii*""!  -.;«■:— r^.i-.- 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


■7      ,    f  1  . 


pW 


iK<i- 


UPPER     OR   DORSAL.    SURFACE  OF  THE   LUNGS   OF  THE  OX 

I   1 :  ■■  I  ttinal  sl?e: 


!     T.M.r     ..,..  ,,   ..     ..(    ,1.,.     1,.,     .  ^ 

I.'.    .11     llu-     ritht    ;i.i.i     I,  It     nil.,  r    I..! 


m 


DlSI'ASlvS  ()l«  CATTI.I'; 


.¥^S 


ill,  iiuiiL.ili.-.  a  (k  ^iti.ili.-  if  iiiil  a  laial  cuiwlitiMii.  'I'Ik'  p<»tur(.- 
whiii  ;4aii(liii:j, ,  lliu  tmlli<)(l  i)t  Isiiii^  (liiwM  or  j;ettiiiK  up,  tiic 
attioii  ill  iiU)\iiig  aiuiiiiil  all  thou  arc-  >i,i;iii/ieaiU,  and  should  Ih; 
noted  I'.irc-fully. 

Tlic  Loitn tenant. (.,  and  isinjcially  tlic  vyu,  will  Ixtray  the  dis- 
tress and  p  liii  which  the  diiiiil)  sultcier  is  unable  to  expre^s  in 
words.  The  imi//.le,  wliirli  in  liealth  is  UKjisl— covered  with 
"dew"  —  in  fevers  esjK'eially,  becotiies  unn.iturall}"  hot  and  dry, 
or  cr)ld,  and  sometimes  changed  in  eolor --sometimes  paler  tuit 
more  commonly  injected  witl:  blood.  One  of  the  earliest  si:.,'ns  of 
lon^titulional  distnrb.mces,  as  well  as  of  s[>ccial  disorders,  is  t!ie 
su-petision  of  rumination — ceasing  to  chew  the  cud.  In  the  case 
of  milch  cows,  a  nearly  coincident  s\  inptoin  is  thi-  dryiiii;  up  of 
the  milk. 

Inasmuch  as  cattle  are  not  subject  to  the  same  conditions  as 
the  horse  in  many  respects,  diseases  of  some  j'.'irtsof  the  !)ody  are 
\er\-  imuh  less  common,  aItlionj;h  eNclusi\-e  of  l.^lKne^^,  nearly 
all  the  diseases  of  the  horse  are  met  with  in  eatlle.  In  this  uork, 
where  the  treatment  is  the  same,  the  reader  will  be  r^feiied  to 
the  treatment  as  i,nven  for  the  disease  with  the  linrM-.  To  linil 
the  pa<;e  in  wliieli  the  disease  is  docribed,  un!i.>^  .i;i\eii  at  the 
time,  refer  to  the  inde.\. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  RESPIRATORY 
ORGANS 


CATARRH,  OR  COLD  IN  THE  HEAD.-  Simple  cold, 
or  catarrh,  is  inllammation,  more  or  less  acute,  of  the  membrane 
lininj^  the  nose  and  passa<;es  of  the  head,  generally  implicating 
the  eyes  and  throat.  Xeglect  in  atlcndins  the  early  symptoms 
frei|nently  occasion'^  dise;;ses  of  a  more  sei  ions  nature. 

Ciusis. — Damp,  drafty,  badly  drained  stables:  but  generally 
trom  ext>osure  to  storms,  and  sndden  changes  in  the  weather 


.V''' 


'rill'    rUACTlCAF,  STOCK    li(»C'l'(»k 


''i 


;  ' 

i5S|Kj: 

1  HH^Mi 

luMfS 

T' 

Si-ii//'/,<»r^.  TluTf  will  l)v  iiiort.'  oi  k-s  lt\ir,  a^  jikIk  .itcd  by 
tilt.'  111.  ;  inMiiutL-r;  siici/iiii.,:  o.ii^h  ^t.ln<  tiiiiLs  a(.aniii)aiii(.s; 
iii'iiith  1^  li,)i  and  nosf  (lr.>  :  hotiis  \u,l  at  llu'  hasc  aiul  mid  al 
lip-.;  i-ai- and  (.'Xlrt.ii!itit.s  aif  i.>lil.  1  >> -cliar;;i.  I'loni  t!u'  nose  is 
at  rii>l  w.ilciy.  l)iit  in  a  day  ur  twu  Li.,  i.nu>  lairiiktil.  I'.jcs  arc 
p.d  and  -u.-lkn.  and  iiulincd  towi-  •..  If  iw,t  n.-liLscd,  >-> miitonis 
iKCDini.'  a.'.-ravaUd:  i>nk.<.-  rapid  and  iia;d;  mi  aplK-titi-;  liriuc 
si-anly  and  lii^Ii  oddrt-d;   lujwiN  veiy  ..pi  to  he  (.iin^lipalul. 

Tki;  \  r.Mi:\T.  — 

I'm  animal  in  a  tMnitoi  taMi  ,  di  y  ])laii-,  and  K'\'e  a  Mnall 
doM-i'l  I'.pMdn  salts  I  ■,   ti>  !  iMiiniili:  repeal  ni  two  days  il  l«n\(.l- 

(lo  nut  iL-^iMiial;   .;;i\c  li-lil,  laxaluc  ! I,  aiul  al-D   llu    Inalnuiil 

as  lur  I  Ik  disiasc  in  linr^.t-,  uniL-ndk  nn.'  thai  tin-  i\>rv  r-.  oik-  ami 
a  'lall  to  two  links  a-  lar.i;<.\  Suainini;  liic  licad  is  a:.  valnaMc  as 
with  tin.-  iioi:~i-,  and  is  doiu-  in  i!r-  saun.-  way  (see  pa^e  ".S). 

MALIGfJ  ANT  CATARRH.  This  is  a  mali-nant  di-^casc 
alUi  tin-  ilh-i  liai!i!ictsof  i1k-1i.  ad,  and  caii-^in- oftViiNi  w  (Use  harv.i'.s 
liorn  llu-  nose.  Tlle^e  at  I'li-l  are  watir\,  luit  later  on  they 
lueonie  lannlenl.  and  in  l.isi  -ta.i;es  are  aeeoiiiiianied  with  exteli- 
bive  .'dolij^hiiiL;.       It  i.,  colli, ii;iolls. 

(^l/t^,^.  .\re  not  Very  well  known,  hut  tlion-hl  lo  he  dtle  to 
ininnte  or-.ini-iiis,  perli.aps  l>J.on,i;iii;^'  to  the  h.ieteria. 

Sjii./^fi'/iis.  It  i-  iisiiered  ill  with  a  chill,  with  all  the  atteiid- 
in;;  svinptonis  i.f  fever;  the  i:'ti//,le  is  hot  atid  dr>  ;  aniinal  haiif;s 
his  head  and  i'~ol,Ue,-  liita-elt"  in  tlie  pa-tnre;  ineinlnanes  are  of 
a  hlllish  color;  exc  are  (.!o-.e<l  and  swollen;  soon  nose  and  e>es 
l)et,'in  to  run  a  watery  ilnid,  an<l  saliva  drool-  fioin  th'.  mouth. 
I'lilse  is  (piiek  and  not  very  stron;;  ;  a  dr\  ,  hard  totfji  ensues; 
liowels  are  usuall;.  costiw,  feces  bein.LC  lihr.k  and  h.ird,  l.iil  diarrhea 
may  set  in  al  any  lime.  There  is  .'-jr^at  thirst,  l)tit  no  api)ctite, 
and  urine  is  scanlN-  and  hii;li  colored.  In  the  course  of  tweiity-four 
hour.-.  discliarLjes  liecome  jiuniknl,  taking  off  lite  h.air  wherewr 
thev  lonch:  jiassai^es  of  the  head  hecomc  so  much  innained  and 
fdled  with  matter,  that  when  head  i-,  tappe<l  on  the  outside  with 
the  fnigors,  a  dull,  heavy  soinid  is  In  ,ird.  Iheath  becomes  fetid, 
and  temiX-Tature  rises  to  m.s  to  107  ilep.rces.      There   is  e\tensi\-e 


DISIvASl'IS  OF  CATTI.li  367 

^lunnliin^  ill  la>t  stage.  Prostration  is  )'ri  a,  pulse  Ik.-coiik'. 
1  mil;  ioii\  iiIsIdhs  follow,  anil  a  ^"-cat  fall  •':'  iciniH-tatiirc;  in  soiiii; 
(.i-*.-^  nktralion  of  ihc  coriiLa  lak^s  placi'  kltiii>;  out  the  hmuars 
(if  the  tye.      Uculh  follows  in  from  nine-  to  eleven  days. 

TkI'  \tmknt.  — 

I'm  tile  animal  in  an  isolated  place,  and  liave  it  cool  ni 
Miiiiiiiei  and  warm  in  winter.  (ii\e  a  piirKative  to  clw.-r  tlie 
liowels  (  I  to  I  '4  i)oniid.>  of  I'ipsoni  Salts);  also  nse  the  followiii); 
to  try  and  check  the  fe\er: 

Fliiil   !'!\tr:i>t  .\iumlc I'j  (Irirliiii.. 

Fluid  ICxtiu  t  uf  ISill.iiloiin.i r  ciiiiice. 

I'liiiil  Mxtriii  I  I'f  C"Uliii'inii  Stul  ....     i       " 

Siiltpctrr 2  oiiiu'cs. 

Wiitcr  to  inaki' i  jiitil. 

Sliakf.    J),i.H':  2  <iinKt->,  ihicc  in  livt;  liiiics  .i 
(l.iy 

If  fever  rinis  \ery  hi^li  ui\c  -'  drailim^  of  Aeetaiiilid  .nid 
J  oiHK'is  of  Alcohol  in  half  a  i>int  of  wiite"-,  twice  a  d.iy. 

After  two  d;i\s,  drop  the  Aionite  from  tlie  fou  l'/iimk  pie 
scriplioii  ami  p'.U  in  the  prescripliun  in  it>  place  ,'_•  oiiikc  ot 
I)ij;italis.  Alsosteam  the  head,  as  in  siiii]ile  "Cat;nTli."  I'lit  .■ 
leasl)oonfnls  of  Carholii-  Aciil  in  the  water  from  wliicli  the  steam  i>. 
generated;  also  put  in  a  little  Camphor.  The  steaming  is  very 
iiiiportant,  .iiul  can  he  'cept  Tip  mo' t  nf  thi-  (liy.  If  the  eyes 
Ilea. me  badly  affected,  treat  as  fur  "  intlamniation  of  the  I^>es." 
.\fler  the  animal  commences  to  improve,  n.se  tonics,  as  with 
"Chronic  Indigestion."  To  jirevent  the  spread,  thoroughly  dis- 
infect where  the  animal  is  kejH. 

SORE  THROAT-  LARYNGITIS.— This  is  an  innam- 
Illation  of  the  larynx,  or  tipper  part  of  the  windpijie. 

Causes. — Are  nsnally  tlio-c  of  a  common  cold,  but  some  ani- 
mals .^eein  predisposed  to  it,  a  slight  expri-^tire  bringing  on  ;in 
attack. 

Sjviptoms. — Animal  may  appear  hnngr\-,  but  does  not  e.it, 
tnving  to  inability  to  swallow;  respiration  becomes  (juick,  painful 
and  hurried:  pulse  is  rapid:  there  is  more  or  less  fever,   and  if 


I!     i 


>-^ 'J'll!'.   I'KACTlCAi.  r.TuCK  DUCTOR 

water  is  takcu,  ^ou:v  lA  il  i.-,  hk^jly  l,j  icLurii  lliron.yu  Uic  ii()>tri:s, 
uvMii-  to  intlanivcl  tiiruat.  Head  hangs;  cars  droop;  and  saliv^ 
ruus  froia  llic  iiioiuli. 

TKi-:Av:in;.\r.  — 

Civf  the  -anie  treatment  as"I,ar/nj;itis"  ;;i  the  liorsc,  reinem- 
bcriii.i,'-  thai  the  >lose  for  cattle  is  one  and  a  half  to  two  times  tliat 
for  the  liorse.  Also  remember  that  the  medicine  is  to  be  given 
in  the  form  of  a  paste.  Sleam  the  head  and  apjuv  liniments  and 
fomentaii.)!!.-,  to  t'le  tl.roat  as  {ur  tiie  horse  (see  page  80). 

MALIGNANT  SOKE  THROAT.— This  is  a  disease  that 
cvnters  ii,-,eif  i'.i  siie  tl:r,.;it  in  furiu  of  aente  iiillamniation,  followed 
by  an  ellu-ion  th.at  is  ajii  to  cause  suih/cation  by  closnre  of  the 
Liryux.  It  i^  fatal  10  cattle,  also  to  swine,  in  which  it  is  known 
as  "Oniasy.'' 

(u;,,,.-.      Ptoli.;)il>  due  |o  some  infection. 

-S  i. •;;//.'«.' \  -  It  >larts  like  a  (.(mimon  cold- f.-vcr-  injected 
niiicon-.  membraiKs,  cough,  etc.,  tliro.a  swell.^  enormously;  tongue 
become.  -yoUed  with  jnirplc  aaul  is  prutruded;  animal  gasp>  for 
breath,  until  at  la-t  he  fall,  sulTocated,  struggles  a  little  and  dies. 
Di  -ea>c  u.^ually  attains  its  height  in  three  or  four  days. 

Tkk  \tm!:.\t. 

r>e  the  same  treatment  as  for  simple  "I.arx-ngitis."  Give 
the  laedicir.es  i.i  the  form  of  a  ji.aste,  .Steam  il.e  iioad,  using 
Carbolic  Acid  in  thesteamas  for  "Malignant  Catarrh."    Also  use: 

Cli'.or.iti- of  Pota.sli i  ounre. 

C'lihiriilc  ot  Iron 6  <!rachni.s. 

^V.iter 1   pi„t_ 

J//r.     liijiTt  2  O'.iaccs   uxll  hack    into   the 
iiioiilh    inii  throiit.  I'l'nr  or  five  tinifs  a  day. 

It  spi.  •';  Mlfoi,ation  is  ihreatemd.  the  operation  of  trache- 
o!iai;\  musl  b.'  performed  ( see  Ol'J  !;.\TloN,s) , 

-vppiy  hniment.->  and  fomcnlaiions  to  out.side  of  the  throat. 
The  animals  that  die  s!iO'ild  be  buried  deej^lv. 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


If 


'  tWT 


■x 


;  '  'i  '■  F'     ■    :  iKi  /i  t  A  '  -^V'  1 


R  '^ 


iWi 


VERMINOUS   BRONCHITIS 


Ilwiin  !rti.,    ^.4^.  ti-i  f-    ■  ..:'.■  [    \  -■  ■ 
Vc:-    Ml    n'  irii    |.„l..,-    ■].    I.,    L,-   ■  ■):    '.. 

--al-.M  c.il:i  1  ia,ri:i  i;:..i,ti.iii..     (,-, 


il    i-,   .  iM».-,i   by 


DlSIvASlvS  Ol'   CATTL!-; 


',69 


BRONC  TITIS. -This  i.  an  inflamnKUiou  ,.i  the  mucous 
,„.r^h,  ..  the  bronchial  lubes,  .hich  extend  tron.  the 
l.nvcr  end  of  the  windpipe  into  the  hm-s. 

Ccu.c^  -Expo.nre  acconipanvin,  a  c< ,nunon  cold;  or  from  the 
..ten£:  of  infl=mnnat,on  in  cases  of  cat.rM>  and  laryngU,.. 


Symp 


ferns. 


-Lo^sof  appetite;  a  peculmrly  anxiousexpression 

^  '■ '■    .  .  .     ,■    1    1   „  ^ll.vlit    I. mill    IS 


'    /  4i„.  v,.<,)irili<.n  is  naininl  and  a  slight  grunt  is 

abate  in  from  five  to  eight  days. 

■''"■pm'ir;:^.v,   .a™.   =nd   .vd..v™.,.».c,l  ,..a»,  but   ..oid 

as  for  the  disease  in  the  horse  ipage  .\ri,  oi^i".^ 
dose  given  to  tlie  horse. 

FILARIA  BRONCHITIS;  H005E  OR  HUSK.-Ti™ 

1  .  .  .,.;  -vi-rwi    fill'  L'TiTs  ot   wnica  are  swtn 
l,y  a  parasite  (slrongylus  niK'.i.n^),  tm.  l,,^^ 

^owi-d  in  feeding. 

5,...M..«.-There  is  a  slight  bu:>y  cough:  the  coat  s^i 
becom'iring;  and  the  breatiung  nK.e  .,d  -^  ^^^ ^ 
Cough  Ix-comes  more  frequent,  and  m  cha:ae.e>  "^"'^^^  ;" ^^J" 
and  more  mucus;  worms,  either  sn.gle  or  m  greater  number. 
Vill  be  coughed  up 


m 


•  I  illl'' '  [ 


•^'2 Till':  I'KACTICAI.  .STOCK.  J)UCT(JR 

T;:l-;.\TMi-:NT. 

I'Ved  liberally  witli  iiiitritiou  diet,  including  T^insLcd  meal 
and  routs,  giving  in  the  food. 

"^"H'^n'""- z'A  <nmces. 

Raw  I.iusecd  Oil i  ])int. 

Give  .-IS  .1  <los..>  iii-ht  and  tiKiniitij,'  f(,r  two  or 
three  (lays,  tlien  .lisconiinin.-  for  two  or  three 
days,  tliL'U  givea}.'aiii.  For  yearling  calves  ^ise 
one-fourth  thf  dn^e. 

Burn  turpentine  on  pine  shavings  in  the  pen  with  the  calves, 
and  let  them  inhale  the  finnes,  or  hurn  a  little  sulphur;  care 
"ino.  he  taken  not  to  suffocate.  The  follouing  is  perhaps  the 
most  cllectu.d  tre.itment: 

Turjieiitine ,5  ,ij.„ps. 

Carbolic  Acid 5  ,ir„ps. 

Chloroform S  drops. 

^'''^■'^t)n i.lrachni. 

Gi\e  as  one  dose  hy  injecting-  into  the  wind 
pipe  with  a  hypodermic  syringe;  insert  the 
needle  of  the  s_M!r,-e  iu  hetwren  two  of  the 
rin-s  and  inject  slowly.  Tl:e  d.-scis  for  a  -ood 
sized  calf;  it  c  la  he  <;..nbled  for  adult  animals. 

Prevention  is  Letter  than  cure.  Stock  should  be  kept  off 
affected  i)asture,  and  cattle  mn>t  nut  be  allowed  t,i  drink  from 
stagnant  ponds.  The  drainage  of  low  pastures  should  be-  looked 
after. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LUNGS  -  PNEU- 
MONIA.—This  is  an  inflannnation  of  the  lung  tissue. 

Catiscs— May  come  fiom  a  cold,  exposure,  etc.,  but  oftener 
from  the  inllanunatory  conditions  of  bronchitis,  or  laryngitis 
extending  into  the  lungs. 

Sjwfi/rwis.—riu-.  disease  is  preceded  with  a  chill,  .staring 
coat,  loss  of  apix'tite,  cessatinu  of  ruminating,  and  if  :i  milch 
cow,  loss  of  milk.  The  pulse  is  soft,  full,  and  quick;  respirat'on 
rapid  and  heavy:  temperature,  i<>4  to  107.  When  the  sides  are 
tapped,  a  dull,  heavy,  full  sound  is  heard,  and  on  listening  with 
car  to  side,  a  crackling  sound  is  heard    but  in  later  stap-es  there 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA 


^    ;ijTi  c'l  ■!    \\\\h    cnna;'-r   and    tu'i^i'imniy   of 


r.i  "111  ;;.,-  I'm  unt'Mii.i. 

TIic    HkIu    y«H.iv\is!i    \-*-\\ 

The  Iif.'ilthy  iiinc  ti'-'^iif  is  <;t  i  ti  to  he  rai-fl  ;itii'\  c  tfi»*  h-vci  nf  the 
ili>-ra^fii  pnrtinii  in  <."'nn;)ir|..im  PIciU'i- I'tH  uni' Miia  ;  tb.  r\,ict  ivwr^c  is  the 
ca-i.',    ilic    (lista-cd    purtiuris    btitit,'    vtry    much    la:f;tr    than    t!ie    healthy. 


-  < 


I: 

r  ■ 

l 

I- 


. 


DlSKASl'S  OF  CATTLIi 


37' 


I-- 


will  be  no  miiriuur  in  aiTectcd  parts;  in  early  stages  expired  air 
is  liut;  later  i;;  cold;  ribs  are  fixed,  breathinj^  beni^  done  by  the 
abdominal  muscles;  llanks  heave,  nostrils  are  dilated,  and  coun- 
tenance has  anxiou*^  appearance.  In  second  sta^,^e,  temperature 
generally  drops  i  to  2  degrees;  respiration  difficult;  cough  painful 
and  frequent;  animal  lies  down  most  of  the  time;  when  standing 
fore  legs  are  wide  ap  "t  and  elbows  turned  out;  looks  haggari.!; 
extremities  alternately  hot  and  cold;  crackling  sound  no  longer 
heard;  and  percussion  gives  dull  sound.  If  one  side  only  is 
affected,  well  side  will  show  increased  nuirmur. 

Tr!;\tmkn-t. — 

Place  in  a  light,  well  ventilated  box  stall,  and  give  the  lx;st 
of  care  and  nur-iug.  I'V-ed  laxative  foods,  and  give  small  doses 
of  Ivpsom  Salts,  3  or  4  ounces  daily;  keep  fresh  water  Ijefore 
the  animal.  Aside  from  the  foregoing  give  the  animal  the  same 
medicinal  treatment  as  was  recommended  for  the  horse  (see 
page  90);  remembering  that  the  dose  is  I'/i  to  2  times  as  large. 
Use  the  Mustard  or  liniment  applications  to  the  chest  freely.  Tn 
some  instances  hot  applications  in  the  form  of  hot  water  tottles 
could  be  used  to  advantage.  Blanket  warndy.  If  seen  during 
the  chill,  slop  it  as  soon  as  possible,  as  recommended  for  the 
horse. 

PLEURISY. — This  -'s  an  inflanmiation  of  the  pleura,  or 
serous  membrane  which  lines  the  chest  cavity,  and  which  is 
reflected  over  the  lungs.  If  this  disease  is  not  attended  at  an 
early  stage,  its  usual  termination  is  hydrothora?.,  ^r  water  in  the 
chest. 

Caitses. —T\iG  same  causes  which  bring  on  inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  bronchitis,  and  other  diseases  of  the  respiratory 
organs.     Also  external  injuries  to  the  chest,  broken  ribs,  etc. 

Sympioiis — There  is  more  or  less  fever;  quick  pulse,  but 
small  and  hard,  inclining  to  be  wiry;  breathing  is  quick  and  pain- 
ful, elbows  turned  out;  ribs  are  fixed,  and  breathing  is  done  by 
abdominal  muscles;  a  crease  is  seen  extending  from  the  elbows 
along  toward  the  flanks,  where  ribs  join  the  cartilages  of  the 
chest,     inspirations  are  short  and  imperfect,  while  the  expirations 


372 


Tin;   I'KACriC Al,  STOCK   IMKToR 


are  pruluu.^cil  aiiil  uinrt-  carily  al'IcctLil.     I'ic-miic  IilIwc^u    Uic 


rib,--  cau~i.>  [Mil!,  anil   a   ra-imi';  riMitnl   i- 


licanl   wiKii  tliL-  car 


applied  to  tile  >i(!e>,  head  Iiaii;;:.  l.w;  eaih  diooii;  iiu-,e  is  dry;  and 
ilioiigh  LSe>,  are  partly  shut,  the  ':(jnule;iance  has  an  anxious 
louk.  There  i>  nu  appetite:  riaiik>  are  lucked  up:  haekiii^;,  p'in- 
fiii  uiugli;  j)aiiis  in  ehesl  c;ui,-e  animal  to  turn  the  head  around 
to  his  sides.  I'lilike  inieuinotiia,  tapj'in^;  on  the  rii>-,  produces  a 
clear,  rcMiiriiit  souiul.  and  e.iuse>  jiaiii;  t'le  e:\jiired  hreath  is  nut 
liot,  and  ihire  i^.  no  mtuus  i;ile  a>  in  liiom  liiti>. 


TKr:.\TMi\T. — 

Givi    ilie  same  'jeneril  care 


.■cwnini'/ndi  d  in  "Drunchitis" 


hl^t 


or  "  rneiunonia.  "  (ii\e,ior  |onnce>ot  h.pswin  ;-ah- daik,-.  unless 
bowels  act  freely.  Appl>  .--iron:;  Mii>tard  pa>le  or  Tiiip>.ntinc 
liniment  to  the  clie>t  and  the  inttriKil  tu.ilnienl  as  for  the  horse 
;see  pa^e  91  ;,  j<i\iiii;  nearly  double  the  d(jse.  ii  water  collects  in 
the  client,  it  is  recogni/etl  and  treated  as  j^iveii  luuier  "Ilydro- 
thorux." 

HYDROTHORAX     WATER    IN    THE    CHEST.- 

This  is  not  a  di>ea>e  in  il>elf,  but  i^  simply  a  condition  where  an 
excessive  effusion  of  water  takes  place  into  the  client  ca%ity  in 
pleiu-is}-. 

SriiipliVi!.-;. — As  soon  as  an  elTu-ion  coinme'iccs  to  take  i)lace, 
pain  ceases,  respiration  is  deeper,  Ioniser,  and  less  painful;  elliows 
no  l')n.iL,'er  turn  in:  api^etite  return^-;  e\es  ,L;et  bright-  and  to  a 
causal  observer,  ariinial  appe:irs  to  ha\'e  taken  a  decii.ied  turn  for 
the  better.  After  a  short  lime,  however,  there  are  unfavorable 
symiHoms,  as  llai)pii:,u  or  the  no-lriI>,  (jui'-k  labored  bre.ilhin.'^, 
hcavintj  of  the  Hanks,  The  le.-,-.  and  eher^t  biconie  dn.psical; 
eyes  sparkle  and  counten.ince  has  an  anxious  look.  Xo  respira^ 
lory  nuirmur  i>  heard  at  the  bottom  of  the  chest,  but  increased 
al  ujiper  part,  and  later,  a  splasiinij;  may  be  heard  when  water 
reaches  the  heart.  Ten.  iir^sioii  on  ri!):^  produces  a  fidl,  dull  sound 
al  the  lower  pari  <jf  the  che>t;  pulse  rapid,  but  small,  and  gradu- 
ally fades  away.  Death  come>  fiom  suffocation,  tlie  w.itei 
crowding  the  lungs   into  too  small  a  sjace  in  the  upper   part  of 


DISKASl'S  OF  CATTI.K 


373 


T";i:\tmi:nt. — 

If  tilt-  drui;'^  rt'coiinnciuleil  for  pleurisy  hrr/c  hccii  piven 
lilKn.liy,  and  yet  llu'  lluiil  has  cnlk-ctcd,  nicdiciiiril  treatment  will 
•  ail;  if  the  drn,L;s  lia\e  not  been  iii\-en.  and  the  chest  is  not  more 
til. Ml  one-tliird  full,  by  .^iviiij;  them,  the  lliiid  may  be  absorbed. 
If  it  finnot  be  remo\ed  in  this  \va\  tlu-  chest  will  have  to  !)e 
lapped  (see  Oi'iiKATioNS) .  Omtintie  treatment,  as  cliest  is  apt  to 
refdl.     Sec  the  disease  in  the  horse  (patje  ys). 


DISEASES  OF  THE  DIGESTIVE  ORGANS. 


WOUNDS  AND  CONTUSIONS  OF  THE  LIPS.— 

( (ii/.<i'<.—'i'rnm  a  blow  by  the  horns  of  other  cattle;  from  the 
',\!ii;)  of  a  driver  of  oxen;  or  from  the  bite  of  a  snake. 

.Vi  ;;/A/!'w.T. — As  a  rescU  of  a  brnise  the  lips  are  thick  and 
-wolK  n,  an<l  if  neglected  become  hard  and  indurated,  so  mtich  so 
l!'.  it  it  is  difticnlt  to  eat.  In  snch  cases  the  tonj:jne  is  made  use 
.>f  to  en<leav(  r  fo  /jallur  and  briii'.',  into  the  month  the  desired 
rni'd.  In  ca^-e  <if  snake-bite  the  swellini,'  limits  are  not  well 
drlnied;  and  it  is  soft  and  comparati\el.\-  painless.  If  the  skin  is 
biokeii  it  will  at  once  sn,i;gest  the  trouble. 

rKi:.\rMi;NT. — 

I'or  a  brnise,  bathe  the  affected  parts  steadily  three  or  four 
houis,  twice  a  day  with  hot  or  colil  water.  Also  bathe  well  with 
W'liite  Lotii>n,  and  the  Turpentine,  Witch  Ila/.el,  and  Soap 
Liniment  (see  PRivscKirTioN.s,  back  j)art  of  book).  If  the  skin  is 
broken,  treat  .as  for  "Wonnd.s"  in  the  horse  (p".i(e  262').  If  from  a 
snake-bite,  make  a  cut  tlnMU.>,di  the  center  of  the  w'ound  and  then 
another  at  ric,ht  an<_;les  to  the  first.  Press  a  wad  of  cottim 
ai^ainst  the  v.-i>uiid  until  the  bleedin.i;'  is  nearly  stopfped,  and  then 
npp'y  the  following;  lotion  .several  times  a  day; 

rcnii.aiis^ui.ite  of  PoLish 2  ilracbms. 

W.Tter I  pint. 


SfjSlS' 


,174 


Tin;  ri^xcTicAL  stock  doctor 


I  i^. 


As  stiikc  tiitc^  an.-  Iikt.l_\  lo  vi-,v.',\  in  il-  prrs-inu,  nml  1  icr 
stnj«>r,  It  i-.  ailvi>:iMi-  t.> -i ■.■(_■  '  ].iiu  "i  Wliiskcs-  in  :i  pint  <,f 
w.itcr,  ri.-pi.-atin;;  t)iily  oiicn  i'n«.ii;;!i  Id  iiM\i.-nt  >inkin,'^  into  a 
stnjior. 

SLAVERING,  OR  SALIVATION.  This  is  a  .Irihblini; 
(>i  sa!i\'a  I'mni  tiir  dkiiiiIi, 

Cii/t>t-;.  k'loin  a  v.'.unil  tr  tlu  pix-ciKc  of  an\'  foicii;!!  matter 
in  the  inomh  <>r  icclli:  licin  (.-iiiM;.;  itiitalin.;  i>l  inl>.  such  as  wild 
nui-t.i!.l:  from  the  use  ct  mercurial  ointtnenl;  or  as  a  s\ mptoni  of 
otlitr  ili'ea>e. 

Tk];.\tmi;nt. — 

This  uiU  (iepeiiil  on  the  nature  of  the  cause.  l'".xatnine  to 
see  if  an>-  forei,i;ii  lioily  is  m  th-.-  month.  If  fnnv  eatin.i;  irritalin^r 
plants,  <lissi.i\-e  an  ounce  of  iK)\v<kre'!  Alnin  in  a  (juart  of  \\:.li.r, 
anil  s\ii:;4eoul  the  luouih.  with  the  mixture  twice  a  dav,  n>ini; 
a  half  ]'int  each  tune.  If  from  the  pres':uce  of  a  thorn,  splintir 
of  wooil,  or  au>-  f>T..  i-.ii  suhst.nicc  imbeiMeil  in  the  clieek  or 
tonun.e,  remove  the  oikinliiti;'  object  and  \\:i,-h  the  rioutli  occasion- 
all_\  with  a  ucik  solution  of  Car'. olio  Aci J  ami  water,  /<  f)tnice 
to  the  ii'rarl;  d  i  nol  allow  tlu'  animal  to  swallow  nuich;  also  u^-e 
the  -v'ni-i  solntiun.  W'lien  the  conditior.  is  ])rodnced  !)>■  some 
dis- -i-",  .1.  I>y  "hoi.t  and  Mouth  Disease,"  follow  the  treatment 
•;i\e!i  under  the  disease  causin^c  the  trouble. 


Hi 

r 


IRREGULARITIES  OF  THE  TEETH.-  This  may  be 

occasiijiie'l  \>y  the  nncciiuil  w\arini;  of  some  of  the  teeth  or  b_\- 
some  of  tile  nxisors  beini;  broken.,  which  occasionally  liajipcus  in 
catlK-  ]).istin-ed  on  sand_\- or  t',r,ivelly  soil.  The  molars  ina\- .also 
show  irrc,;ularit_\-  from  -iu'ilar  causes.  Their  edjzes  may  become 
sliarp,  or  it  may  happen  that  a  molar  tooth  h.as  been  accidentally 
fractured.  In  sheddin,t;,  tlie  loosened  teeth  get  partialis-  disl(Kl,u;ed 
and  cause  trouble. 

Tkk.vtmkxt.  — 

Kxamine  the  animal's  mouth  by  tjraspinL;  the  ton;;iie  with 
one  hand  and  i)artial!ydrawin^Mt  out  of  the  r.iouth,  so  as  to  expose 
iLc  nieisors  ami  molar  leeih  for  inspection.     When  it  is  desired 


DISKASnS  OK  CATTLH 


375 


to  (.  xainiiu-  the-  molars  witli  the  fiiiLCcrs,  an  iii'^trinm'tit  like  the 
halliiii,'  ii'ni  whith  is  used  fi>r  horses,  or  a  lar,;,e  elevis  held  up 
eili;e\visc,  should  he  piil  into  the  iiioulh  to  separate  and  keep  the 
jaws  apait.  An\-  sharp  eth^es  must  Imj  removid  with  a  rasp. 
Any  cliance  tooth  tliat  interferes  with  mastication,  or  any  frac- 
tured or  loose  one  should  he  taken  out.  In  performing;  such 
ojieration  it  is  advisaMe  to  have  animal  cast  and  to  hold  the  head 
secnrel}-,  so  the  operator  can  do  what  is  necessary  without  difii- 
rultw  Whenever  jiossihle  secuiTv'  a  vi'terinariati  to  operate  if  it 
becomes  necessary  t(J  remove  sound  teeth. 

C/;PS    ON    THE    TEETH     This   sometimes  occurs  in 

cattle  lietween  the  a.L;es  of  2  and  |  years,  when  they  arc  sheddini; 
their  milk  grinders.  Instead  of  teeth  dro{)pinK  out  as  they 
should,  cajis  hang  on  the  new  teeth,  causing  them  to  fester  at  the 
roots,  and  causing  a  lump  on  the  jaw-bone. 

Sviiif>to»is. — Animal  will  hold  its  head  to  one  side:  has  diffi- 
culty in  e.alint,',  and  sometimes  spits  the  food  out:  will  f;dl  off  in 
condition,  ;nid  in  time  1  lump  will  form  on  the  jaw-bone  opposite 
the  festered  tooth. 

TisM'  \i"mi:nt. — 

h'lxaniinc  the  mouth  carefully  until  the  capped  tooth  is 
found.  This  will  be  known  by  the  tooth  projecting  above  its 
neii;hbors.  When  found,  remove  with  pincers,  or  even  a  ham- 
iiK-r,  and  a  long,  somewhat  blunte<l,  chisel,  by  tapping  gently 
until  cap  is  knocked  off 

DECAYED  TEETH  (CARIES)  IN  CATTLE.— 
Svmphvis. — The  presence  of  decayed  teeth  may  be  suspected 
by  the  bad  odor  of  the  breath,  and  by  the  animal  occasionally 
^-topping  while  eating,  and  perhaps  spitting  out  the  food,  and 
hi  .Iding  t!ie  head  sidewise.  If  the  mouth  be  examined,  as  directed 
in  "Irregularities  of  the  Teeth,"  and  then  explored  with  the 
hand,  the  bad  tooth  will  be  found. 

Tki-.atm!;xt. — 

Have  animal  tied  short  and  have  the  tongue  pulled  out  and 
iul(i.     Then  remove  the  tooth  with  a  pair  of  large  pmceis,  or  by 


376 


Tin:  I'KACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


fotcej  s  iur  thai  inirpo>e.  WIk-ii  tlu-  crowti  of  tlic  tooth  has  hvvi\ 
destrovi-.l.  uk!  ..uly  .1  -tmi'ii,  or  r,»>t.  is  ],  ft,  it  r.miint  hi.'  drawn, 
hut  i-,;ti  '  .■  pini.  li,,l  out;  in  siu-h  ca-es,  if  animal  cmii  ho  fattciietl, 
it  is  hcst  tn  s,  II  it  to  tile  hiildur,  If  n-lv.  animal  will  have  to 
be  cast,     ('.(.t  a  vcterinarinn  to  o{KTatf,  if  ijo^siljlc. 


fiftj 


LUMPS  ON  THE  JAW-BONES  FROM  TEETH 
OR  FROM  INJURY 

C./ZM-A  -  A--  stalc'-l  in  liiadinj;. 

Tki;\tmi:.\t 

If  i.an-L(!  fn.iii  .1  rap  st a-,  ini;  Iixi  lon^;  on  tli'a  tooth,  causing 
the-  ri.ots  to  iL-,t(r,  ruiiovc  ihv  cap;  d<j  nut  ptdl  thi-  tootli  at  first, 
hnt  try  a  hli-tiT  on  lli  ■  Inmp.  r>.'  thi  Si.ani-h  I'ly  ami  Mercury 
hlister  (-(.-e  ■■'V,,  V.U-tvr."  p;i.i;c  2.S7);  oi  t!i,-  hxliuc  Ointment,  as 
used  in  " Ah-\.<.-^^-.'  ean  he  uss.(l.  if  ilr.-  hli-icr  is  used,  rejx-at 
the  tnntmcnt  in  fotir  or  i]v,j  weeks,  if  necessary.  If  this  treat- 
ment doe-  not  -!..;,  ;;;,  lump  from  ,i;rowiiii^',  thnnv  tliL-  animal  and 
pull  the  !'..,th  \\;l!i  f.Ke.p-.  If  the  eau-r  is  from  injury,  treat  as 
ahove.  l-'or  cilitr  inf(a  unlion  u-.^  to  lumjjs  on  the  jaw,  see 
"Actinoin_\  eosis  of  thi-  law  i;one>." 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TONGUE.  -  GLOSSI- 
TIS   - 

Onrvs. — Im-o-i  .  itint^  irrilafin;^  suhstances;  from  entinj.;  acid 
plants;  or  little  laisiir-,  r;ay  f,,rm  in  the  mouth  f.f  calves  when 
having;  ii.dii^e.-tiai.  o':;.  tiiutin.s;  wlial  is  tLrme<l  "Aphtha;"  also 
from  injuries  from  various  kinds. 

^j'w/^.Vwy.— The  -;ili\a  dri")hKs  from  tlu  nirjulh,  and  when 
examiiK-d,  the  -urfare  of  ih..-  ta.ii>;uL-  and  otlur  parts  of  the  mouth 
will  appear  red  and  inn;nii..d,  In  the  case  of  calves,  in  the  form 
of  disease  called  "Aphliia,"  s!n;dl,  red  elevations  are  seen  on 
ton.isnie  at-d  (.iIilT  pari- of  i:i.)!itli,  having  little  white  points  on 
their  centers.  These  white  jiatches  are  succeeded  V)y  ulcerated 
surfaces,  which  are  exp.w.,'d  hy  tlie  shcddinff  of  the  white  patches. 
In  some  cases  t)ie  tor.gUL-  is  so  hadly  swollen  as  to  protrude  frf)ni 
the  niouiii. 


DISKASES  OK  CATTIJ' 


377 


Tri-.\tmi:nt. — 

When  there  i-^  nictvly  n  roMr-u'l  and  iiiflatii'-d  cnivliti.iu  of 
llic  iimcinis  nu'tnhr.iiK'  of  tin-  iiMiiih  ami  inii'^iu-,  syriii;.;;!'  tln' 
iiiuiilli  several  liiiK-<  a  day,  iMiiv;  ahuut  |  (lUiiris  al  a  time  of  tile 
Inlltuviiig: 

Alinii »  oim.'.-M 

\V.lt»T I    <|U.lll 

When  tile  edK'e-.  <>f  ihi'  l')in,Mie  and  ntlier  jvuts  of  the  m<unli 
arc  stiKldod  (U-cr  with  illeer.'-.  tiie-*i  shoidil  l>e  nililR'd  over  oiicc  a 
il.iv  with  the  Nitrate  of  Silvei,  umiiv;  the  Niti.ite  of  Sdvi.r  i>eTKii, 
nt  i>v  iioldin^,'  a  larye  erystal  iti  a  pan  '.i  t'li^tp^, 

U  lii'u  iii(Uv;estion  is  assf)ciate(l  with  an  n'.i  [rated  loiiditinti 
of  i1k  iiioulh.  the  di-ordvr --honM  la;  trc.ited  a>  iiidiraVnl  ur.di  r 
that  hcadm^;. 

GANGRENE    OF    THE    IVIOUTH     IN     YOUNG 
CALVES     GANGRENOUS    STOMATITIS.   -This    atk. 
:i(iti    i;-.iially    ap!>i.ar>  ni  >oim';   ealves  ahoiit    the  lime  ihcy  are 
.  iittii"^  their  teeth. 

('(!!/sr.<;. — Iiistiffieicnt  iioiirislmu iit;  ('i!)i!ity  reNultin",  from 
lii.irrliea,  and  from  iMllnnuiatioii  of  the  navvl,  ]>redisiHmf.><  atiiinals 
to  this  disease,  and  its  diveiopricnt  i.s  nsMieiated  with  di-^ordt-r 
-■t  tile  di.m.'Stive  >ystem  resiiliiiiK  ir^,u\  the  eiiltiiivrof  tieth.  ,\diilt 
.iiiim.ils  have  Ix'eii  known  to  Ik-  ahVcted  with  the  di-^ease,  Init  tin- 
ean>e  is  not  well  understood. 

.Vi'w/>/(»//N-.  —  In  early  sla'.;e  there  is  redness  of  the  nioiuh, 
from  'vhicli  the  saliva  drihliks,  l-ut  ir.  tw->>or  tl:ree  day--  a  wluti^h 
J"  int  appears  on  >onie  jiart  of  the  niucons  ineinl)raiie  of  the  nioiiih. 
It  .-gradually  extends  in  si/.e  and  dejilh,  and  a  red,  inflamed  zone 
-mroniids  the  affeeted  part,  wiiieh  1>e:<ins  to  presi  nt  a  vellowi-Ii, 
1 1'.eesy  apixiarance,  and  then,  as  it  he,s.;ins  to  hreak  up  and  deconi- 
p. .-e,  exhales  a  fetid,  disat;reeal)le  odor.  Sonv-times  th.e  entire 
tbiekness  of  a  portion  of  the  ti^^lles  eomposiiii;  the  eheek  lieeome 
i;an);renous.  If  decayed  part  is  not  removed  with  a  !;nife,  it  is 
gradually  separated  from  siirrouiiding  living  tissue  hy  the  process 
of  ulceration.  In  some  cases  a  hole  will  be  made  through  the 
ilieek  through  whieh  the  saliva  is  ejected  in  proce-s  of  mastication. 


'  i  j1 

t    (  If' 


m 


If     : 


ic 


M"-  ' 


37s 


TlIIv  TRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


It  may  he  c()!ii])licnU(l  witli  diarrhea  and  consequent  weakness. 
Malaiiy  often  lermiuates  in  deatli,  and  runs  its  course  ir  from 
seven  to  ten  <lnys.  In  adult  cattle,  recovery  does  not  take  place 
under  three  to  foi;r  weeks. 

TkrATMJ-NT.— 

F<  r  the  calf,  ftive  5  to  10  grains  of  Quinine,  according  tc 
size  and  .-'.-e  of  animal,  and  repeat  dose  four  times  a  day.  If 
diarrhea  is  present,  j;ive  Lime-water  in  J^ -ounce  doses.  When 
animals  show  si,i;nsof  debility,  or  diarrhea  is  present,  Whiskey  or 
Brandy,  in  i -ounce  do.ses,  should  he  given  three  or  four  times  a 
day.  Mix  with  two  or  tliree  parts  of  water.  It  may  also  be 
given  when  ajjpetite  is  poor,  two  or  three  times  a  day.  To  clean.se 
the  mouth  and  remove  odor,  syringe  several  times  daily  with  the 
following  solution: 

ri.n:ianL,'aiiatc  of  Potasli 2  drachms. 

^Vattr I  quart. 

When  the  gangrenous  part  has  sloughed,  then  use  White 
Lotion  (page  263),  and  a  Carholic  Acid  lotion  (Carbolic  Acid, 
'A  ounce  to  a  iiint  of  water).  Swab  the  raw  surface  several  times 
a  day  to  promote  healing.  The  diet  should  be  nutritious,  and  for 
calves  the  cow's  milk  is  to  be  preferred.  \\'hen  the  gangrenous 
tissue  assumes  a  yellcjw,  cheesy  look,  the  animal's  recovery 
will  he  hastened  by  removing  the  dead  tissue  with  the  knife. 
During  the  convalescent  stage,  give,  iu  combination  with  the 
;.Jtiini!ic,  vSul])hate  of  Iron.  For  calves,  give  it  in  10  to  20-grain 
doses,  and  to  cows  in  2-drachm  do.ses. 


i  1  -ff 


51  k 


*>,! 


CHOKING. — This  is  a  rather  common  occurrence  on  the 

farm. 

Ca/tscs. — From  attempting  to  swallow  too  large  an  object, 
such  as  a  turnip,  potato,  beet,  or  an  apple  or  pear,  though  in 
rare  cases  it  may  occur  from  bran,  chaff,  or  some  other  finely 
divided  food  lodging  in  and  fdling  up  a  portion  of  the  gullet. 
The  latter  form  is  most  likely  to  occur  in  animals  which  are 
greedy  feeders. 

.Sjw/'A'w.?.  — Animal  will  stop  eating,  slaver  at  the  mouth, 
cough,    breathe   heavily,    and   after   a   time   become  bloated   in 


DISlvASKS  OF  CATTLK 


iniiiKh,  n-liieh  is  noticed  on  left  side.  Will  also  keep  cliewiirj;, 
Txiki'i!.;  o  It  tlie  nose,  and  swallowini^,  and  wlu  n  it  drinks  water 
it  is  soon  ejected,  and  there  is  seen  an  anxious  expression  on  the 
cuinitenance.  If  the  choke  takes  place  in  the  neck  region,  the 
enlargement  will  \^e  seen  on  the  left  side. 

Tki.atmknt. — 

If  the  ohstrnction  is  in  the  back  part  of  the  month,  or  upper 
l\irt  of  throat,  pnt  a  clevis  in  the  animal's  mouth,  so  the  hand 
t  in  be  inserted,  then  wliilc  the  head  is  held  in  a  horizontal 
•,"),ition  by  two  assistants,  pass  the  hand  into  the  mouth  and  take 
out  tlie  offending  object.  An  assistant  to  manipulate  the  obstruc- 
t;  in  on  the  outside,  and  push  it  up  against  you,  will  help  in  the 
nr.ioval.  If  the  fibject  cannot  be  reached,  give  carefully  a  swallow 
of  melted  lard,  then  try  by  manipulation  on  the  outside,  luitil 
I'lc  1  ud  works  around  it,  to  move  it  downward  to  the  stomach. 
If  lliis  fails,  pass  the  probang  (see  "Choking,"  in  the  horse, page 
i.>5>-  Theoue-half  inchhose  answers  very  nicely— making  it  stifTer, 
i!  neci.-sary,  with  the  wire.  Two  assistants,  by  taking  hold  of  the 
Iiorns  and  nose,  can  .straighten  the  head  out  nearly  straight. 
The  j)roiiang  does  not  bother  cattle  in  iMealhing  as  much  as  it 
d>'es  horses,  and  is  easier  to  pass  in  cattle.  Where  the  animal  is 
b:.dly  bloated,  and  efforts  to  press  the  object  down  fail,  ta]i  on 
tlK  left  side  with  a  trocar  and  canula,  or  e\en  with  a  knife  (see 
'  Tympanites  "  for  tapping.) 

If  the  obstruction  is  very  firmly  lodged,  use  the  belladonna 
along  with  the  lard,  as  reconunended  for  the  horse.  Never  use 
a  rakediaudle,  or  anything  rigid,  for  a  probang,  as  is  so  oft^n 
done;  if  you  do  the  esophagus  is  almost  sure  to  be  injured. 

LOSING  THE   CUD  — REMASTICATION.— It  was 

once  thought,  and  perhaps  still  supposed  by  some,  that  the  ox 
sometimes  loses  his  cud,  and  that  something  must  be  given  him 
U)  take  its  place,  and  so  old  rags,  pieces  of  jiork,  and  various 
other  substances  were  pushed  into  his  throat  to  act  as  a  new  ctid. 
In  order  thai  .such  a  ridiculous  practice  may  l)e  discontinued  by 
those  who  refer  to  this  book,  an  explanation  of  the  cud  and  how 
it  is  disposed  of  will  be  given 


iH 

* 

1     (4. 

i 
1 

1 1 

lit  ' 


mi  - 


?8o 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


All  those  animals  which  reniasticate  their  food,  whcti  fed, 
eat  hastily,  \cry  imperfectly    chewing  the  food  ai.d  swallowing 
it  in  a  very  poorly  masticated  condition;  food  swallowed  in  this 
condition  passes  into  tlie  large  painich,  and  when  this  organ  is 
opened  the  food  in  it  is  always   fonnd  to  he  very  coarse.     After 
eating  np  its  feed  the  animal  goes  ana  lies  down  and  commences 
to  chew  its  cud,  or  remasticate  the   food,  and  appears  perfectly 
happy.     In  onlcr  to  get  the  food  hack  to  the  month  a  small 
])<;rtion  of  this  coarse  food  from  the  paunch  is  thrown,  Ijy  an 
action    very    nwAi    like   vomiting,   into    the   lower   end    of   the 
esophagus,  and  this  organ,  by  reversing  its  action,  commences  to 
lontract  at  the  lower  end  first,  and  forces  the  food  back  into  the 
month.     This  portion  of  food  constitutes  the  end,  or  bolus.     The 
animal  now  chews  tliis  very  thoroiiglily,  putting  it  into  excellent 
shajK-  for  digestion;  wlien  the  chewing  is  comj^leted  the  bolus  is 
swallowed,  not  stopping  in  the  paunch,  but,  by  a  peculiar  stru.- 
(nrc  of  the  part-^,  passes  directly  into  the   third,  and   from  that 
into   the   true  htoniach  and  on  into  the  intestines,  never  again  to 
return   to  the  moutli.     Almost  as  soon   as  the  bolus  has  Iwen 
swallowed,  an(.l!ier  p.rtion  of  the  food  from  the  paunch  is  thrown 
into  the  esophagus  and  carried  back  to  the  mouth,  constituting  a 
new  cud.     The  process  is  repeated  o\er  and  over  again,  "until  the 
annual  is  satisfied;  tlien  the  jjrocess  of  remastication  is  suspended 
for    a    time,   to   be   continued  again    when    the  sense  of  hunger 
retiuns.     J'ach  cud   is  a  new  one.     Xcjt  all  the  food  is  remasti- 
calid;   some  of  it  passes  from  the  paunch  on  into  the  second  and 
tliird  stomachs  without  goi'.ig  back  into  the  mouth.     Almost  anv 
di-e.-i-e   will   cause    an   animal  to  stop  chewing  its  cud,    simply 
b'^    iiseii  lias  lost  the  desire  for  food;  when  the  disease  is  over- 
come and  llie  ai)})etite  returns,  the  animal  will  again  commence  to 
remasticate  without  being  given  any  artificial  cud. 

BLOATING  HOVEN-^TYMPANITES-  This  disease 
is  characterized  1)y  swelling  of  the  left  flank,  and  is  caused  by  the 
ff.rmation  of  gas  in  the  rumen,  or  paunch,  as  the  result  of  fer- 
iienting  food. 

r^??<':.v.?.—Choking,sudden  changes  in  food, wet  clover, or  eating 


fro/O!!    rr;n*^    {^^ 


kind.       Anything  which  will  cause  acute 


DISEASHS  OK  CATTLE 


381 


indigestion.     Very  often  caused  by  turning  cattle  into  luxuriant 
pasture  when  uot  used  to  green  feed. 

Sjiiiplonis. — The  abdomen  is  very  much  enlarged,  .md  espe- 
cially the  left  flank;  by  tapping  with  the  lingers  on  left  side  over 
the  paunch,  a  hollow,  drum-like  sound  is  emitted.  Animal  has 
an  anxious  expression  of  countenance,  nK)ves  uneasily,  and  is  evi 
dently  distressed.  If  flank  is  i)res.sed  in  with  fingers,  it  springs 
back  quickly.  If  relief  is  not  obtained  in  time,  the  animal 
breathes  with  difficulty,  reels  in  walking  or  standing,  and  in  a 
short  time  falls  and  dies  from  suffocation.  The  distension  may 
become  so  great  in  some  cases  as  to  cause  rupture  of  the  stomach. 

Tkkatment. — 

In  mild  cases  medicinal  treatment  may  be  of  value,  but  in 
Severe  cases  tapping  should  be  resorted  to  at  once,  as  the  danger 
ot  the  operation  is  very  slight,  and  it  relieves  the  suffering  to  a 
great  extent  almost  immediately. 

For  medicines  give  the  following: 

Aroiii  'ic  Spirits  of  Ainiiionia i  ounce. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Jalxiramli 4  (Iratlinis. 

Fluid  Ivxtract  of  Calibar  Bean i  (hachni. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna i  .'.rarhni. 

Ilyimsulphite  of  Soda 4  ounces. 

Water,  to  ma' ce i  pint. 

Shake.     Give  a.s   one   dose,   and   repeat    in 
one-half  hour  if  luocssary. 

If  these  drug-^  are  not  at  hand,  give  a  good  d.)se  of  Ginger, 
or  an  ounce  of  Ttirpentine  in  a  pint  of  Oil. 

A  piece  of  fork  handle  held  in  the  moutl;  as  a  bit  will  some- 
times help  in  getting  rid  of  the  gas. 

If  the  bloating  continues,  tap  the  aniiuil.  Cattle  are  tapi)ed 
in  the  left  flank,  in  the  center  of  the  triangle  or  where  the  bloat 
is  most  prominent.  Use  the  horse  trocar  and  canula,  as  it  is 
smaller,  and  yet  answers  every  purpfKse.  To  tap,  wash  the 
instrument  first  in  the  Carbolic  lotion  (see  Opt- rations),  and  have 
the  ixiint  of  the  trocar  sharp;  also  wash  place  of  trniping  with 
Carbolic  lotion;  place  the  point  of  the  trocar  aga;..  :  the  flank, 
direct  it  downwards  and   forwards,  and   push   it   in  nearly  the 


■S-^2 


run   PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I  mi'. 


whole  iL'iij^th;  witlKlraw  Uk:  ti-oair  and  the  Kas  will  escape.  If 
it  IS  necessary  to  tap  a  second  lime,  do  m)  in  a  sli^iitl)-  flilTerent 
place.  In  absence  of  a  trocar  anil  canula,  a  knih-  and  a  iiuill 
can  he  used;  insert  the  small  hlade  of  a  knife,  and  when  it  is 
witbdrawn,  pnt  in  tlie  quill.  7;very  stock  owner  should  have  a 
trocar  and  canula,  as  tin's  disease  so  frc<H!ently  occurs,  and  it 
generally  develops  so  rajiidly  that  there  is  no  time  to  send  for 
help.  The  .L;as  can  he  removed  by  passing  the  hollow  probang 
(see  "  Choking"  ). 

liven  if  the  animal  is  tapped,  the  nie'licines  should  be  used 
tu  pass  the  fermenting  mass  onward,  and  after  the  acute  synij)- 
tonis  have  passed  off,  give  a  good  i^hysic— r?;  pounds  of  lipsom 
vSalis,  and  2  tablespoon fuls  of  Ginger,  in  j  (jnarts  of  water.  Give 
for  a  week  or  two  the  dige.-tive  tonics,  as  reconunended  un.ler 
"Chronic  Indigestion, "and  .<ee  that  the  cau^e  producing  the  dis- 
ease does  not  again  occur. 

IMPACTION   OF   THE  RUMEN,  OR  PAUNCH.  - 

This  is  a  case  where  the  animal's  p;iunch  is  so  fnkd  with  f(jod 
that  it  causes  temporary  paralysis,  ;uid  the  whole  nia.ss  lies  like 
so  much  soggy  material  in  a  leather  inig. 

Gn/scs.—Vrom  taking  a  large  feed  of  straw,  or  biilkj-  food- 
engorging  itself:  from  getting  loose  and  eating  too  largely  of 
grain:  or  eating  freely  of  food  that  animal  is  unaccustomed  to. 
Getting  into  a  grain  field,  or  at  a  bin  of  grain,  is  most  conuuon 
cause. 

Sjm/^/iWis.— In  some  cases  there  is  slight  bloating,  while  in 
others  there  is  no  bltjaling  at  all,  .aiiimal  is  uneasy,  makes  a 
grunt,  or  groan,  every  time  it  breathes.  If  a  milch  cow,  the 
milk  flow  will  fall  off  in  one  night.  The  no.se  will  be  dry; 
breathing  and  piilse  will  be  quickened,  and  animal  will  keep 
getting  up  and  down,  and  will  not  take  much  food  or  water.  On 
pressing  the  iLmk  with  the  closed  fist  the  iruknt  of  the  liand 
remains  for  a  short  time  in  the  flank,  as  if  the  rumen  were  fdled 
with  a  soft,  doughy  mass.  Tapping  over  the  stomach  gives  off 
a  dull,  heavy  souml.  Bowels  are  costive,  and  tlie  passages  are 
dry  and  slimy-looking,  with  a  b.id  odor.  If  the  animal  has  eaten 
a  very  large  amoimt,  the  left  flank  will  be  distended;  the  history 
ui  the  case  helps  diagnose. 


i 

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5 


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M 


m-  ''. 


DISI'ASKS  OK  CATTI.H 


.■!S3 


Vkkatmknt. — 

Give  a  dose  of  physic  as  follows: 

Epsom  Salts i!J  to  2  ixjunds. 

liicarbonate  of  Soda i  ounce. 

Ginger i 

Dissolve  in  2  quarts  of  hikewann   water  ami 
give  as  a  drench. 

Also  give  the  following  to  assist  in  i)assing  tlic  mass  along; 

Aromatic  Spirits  of  Anitiionia i  ounce. 

Sulpluiric  Ether '/^       " 

I'Kiii,  -Extract  of  Jaborandi  2  dracliuis. 

I-'hiid  Kxtract  of  Calibar  Hean ]i  drachm. 

Khiid  I-;xtract  of  Nux  Vomica ili  drachms. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Bellailonua 1  drachm. 

Water  to  make i  pint. 

Shake.     Give  as  one  dose  and  repeat  three  or 
four  times  a  day  until  the  animal  is  relieved. 

If  there  is  great  pain,  also  give  5  grains  of  Morphine  three 
times  a  day.  If  the  bowels  do  not  move  freely  in  thirty-sis 
lionrs,  repeat  the  dose  of  Kpsom  Salts,  and  if,  after  thirty-si. \ 
liuurs  longer,  the  mass  is  still  unmoved.  gi\e  i  pound  of  Mpsom 
Salts  along  with  2  to  4  drachms  of  Ganil)u.!<c,  (jr  !_•  to  i  draclim 
of  Croton  Oil;  if  the  oil  is  used,  give  it  in  a  jMut  of  raw  I^inseed 
Oil.  It  is  also  good  to  give  a  (piart  of  melted  lard  a  day  from 
tht;  Ixgitniing  of  the  attack.  Give  the  animal  all  the  water  it 
wislics,  hut  not  too  large  an  amount  at  one  time.  Give  only  a 
little  sloppy  food.  If  the  meilicine  fails  to  have  the  desired  effect, 
rumenotomy  may  be  performed.  This  is  opening  the  rumen 
tlinnigh  the  flank  and  taking  out  the  material.  It  rcquirc-s  a 
veterinarian.  Where  an  animal  has  eaten  a  very  large  amount 
it  might  be  best  to  have  the  operation  performed  at  once,  as  the 
chances  would  be  less  than  those  taken  by  trying  to  get  rid  of 
the  mass  by  the  use  of  medicines.  After  the  mass  moves  on  out 
of  the  stomach,  feed  carefully  and  use  the  tonics  as  for  "Chronic 
liuiigustion,"  continuing  their  use  for  a  week  or  two.  If,  during 
the  course  of  the  disease,  there  is  bloating,  give  4-ounce  do.ses  of 
Hyposulphite  of  Soda  in  i  pint  of  water,  three  or  four  times  0 
day,  or  lap  (see  "Tympanites"). 


■v 

i      i 

J    :> 

f  w 

J        : 

i 
1 

Mi 


:'.'  -'  J 


r?' 


384 


TllK  I'RAC'l'lCAl,  stuck:  JJUCTOK 


IMPACTION  OF  THE    MANYPLIES,  OR  THIRD 
PART    OF    STOMACH.-^MAW-BOUND.-The  omasum, 

or  thin!  Muiiiadi,  i>  thL-luinadi  with  ;!  ,!;Tc-at  mimlx.'r  of  leaves! 
airnu-ul  so  as  to  rub  cunstanlly  0:1  one  another,  keeping,'  up  a 
;;riiKlin-  action  on  the  food,  as  ii  passes  between  tliem.  Sometimes 
this  ])art  becomes  firmly  packed  vvitli  food,  which   does   not   pass 

on,  and  tlic  iH^ease  is  produced. 

<■</.'(.,  ^■.  I'roia  ^aiin- liry  and  over  ripe  food  that  has  Hltle 
n(mrishmL:i!.  In  thesprin-,  when  cattle  are  turned  out  earlv,  in 
iryiuK  to  ;.el  at  the  luw  gra>s.  tliey  fill  iheiusehes  with  th.e  old 
i!ry  -rass,  a:id  •'!!>  K>,!-in-  in  the  omasum,  sets  up  an  impaction 
"1  It.  Is  ah,o  .  .ii-ed  by  eatin-  (hy,  dead  «rass  late  in  the  fall,  or 
by  keeping,'  lar<;ely  (^11  straw  or  o^rn-sialks  durinj,^  the  winter. 

>S_j'w/./,w,v.— It  o-nies  on  Ki'a'lnally  as  an  ordinary  case  of 
constipati-.i;,  with  abdominal  pain,  a  lo)kin},' aroiuid  to  the  right 
side,  and  di  inclination  io  move.  Kickinj,;  at  belly  with  hind 
icet,  grnnting  at  nearly  e\cry  breath;  later  fever  sets  in,  and 
.■•!o\v!>-  increases  as  the  di~e.ise  makes  progress;  there  may  be 
some  ten.lerness  in  the  right  side,  just  below  the  ribs.  The  pulse 
becomes  moie  rapid  aiul  al  the  la-t,  weak.  The  colic  pains  and 
I'-Ver  grow  more  inien.se:  animal  makes  attempts  to  manure,  but 
only  a  few  hard  pieces  ate  jKissed;  delirium  and  vertigo  set  in, 
and  deaiii  follows  if  not  relieved.  The  r-ymptoms' resemble 
iloscly  tho:e  of  imp.iction  of  nunen,  except  that  the  left  flank  is 
normal,  aii-l  iheie  is  no  bhjaf'ng. 

Tki:.\'i'mi:.\t.   - 

The  tre.ilnient  i>  the  s.ime  as  for  "Imp.aclion  of  the  Rumen;" 
ti-e  the  melted  lard  freel.v:  give  water  freely.  Injections  of 
w.irm,  ^oapy  water  per  rtctiim  may  be  Used  as  in  "Impaction  of 
the  I.arge  inlestino"  in  the h.orse  (  page  121 ).  This  di.sease cannot 
be  rehcv-rd  i)y  an  operation,  as  can  impaction  of  the  rumen.  Upon 
examining  t!ie  i;inasum  aitcr  death,  it  is  found  to  be  filled  in 
between  Ibe  leaves  with  la\  crs  of  very  hard,  dry  food,  and  when 
the  food  i.-,  reiUDVed,  the  covering  of  the  leaves  comes  ofiF. 

VOMITING.  -This  is  not  a  very  common  affection  in 
jaltln,  but  it  sometimes  occurs. 


iMlkL 


DISKASICS  Ul-  CA'l'ri-1':         385 

Caiisfs. — From  some  irritation  of  liic  liiht  or  fourth  stomach; 
L:iti!i«  iiKliK<-stil)le  material,  a>  uM  eluihc-i,  or  a  boot,  or  it  may 
rcriiilt  from  iiuii>,'tjhliou. 

Sywp/,wis.--.\mm-dh  that  vomit  are  usually  in  iwor  condi- 
{u,n.  AflLT  catiiiK  tranqnilly  for  Main.-  time,  the  beabt  becomes 
Mi'Menly  uiKusy,  archeK  the  back,  stretches  the  head  and  neck, 
,,ti.l  >uild(.-nly  ejects  a  greater  or  V.-,,-  .nniomit  of  the  contents  cf 
ill-  nmiLii.  In  a  little  while  after  this,  uneasiness  subsides,  and 
l!iL-  eatint;  is  resumed  as  though  nothin;^'  had  happened. 

Tkhatmknt. — 

Ciive  easily  digested  food  and  plenty  of  water.  In  order  to 
allay  the  irritation  of  the  st(jmach  the  followin<;  should  be  given: 

Chloral  I  lydnitc 'A  ounce. 

Subnitrate  of  liiMuuth 3  drachms. 

Thiu  I.iiiM;c(l  Gruel I  iiint. 

Rt-pcat  ilose  a.s  coiuliUons  sccni  to  rfijuire 

If  there  is  reah^n  to  suspect  that  somethitis^  indigestible  has 
U'Lii  vaten  and  does  uijt  pass  on,  j;ive  the  following  physic: 

l';])soiii  Salts I  pound. 

5^ill 2  taI)lesi)Oonfuls, 

J/i.r  iu  a  (juart  of  lukewanii  water  and  give 
as  a  drencli. 

.•Vi:,o  give  the  Stimulating  mixture  as  is  recommended  for  "  Im- 
l>aclion  of  the  Rumen,"  repeating  two  or  three  times  a  day  for 
[Ml  or  three  days,  and  then  give  the  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indi- 
^LStiou." 


SUB-ACUTE  INDIGESTION    OFF  FEED.— This  is 

:\  disease  in  which  the  digestive  function  is  more  or  less  imper- 
fect. 

C,i /tscs.— Thi.'  condition  is  most  oftcti  caused  by  high  feeding, 
ispeci.iriy  with  orain.  Quite  frequently  seen  in  fattening  ani- 
mals, and  also  in  dairy  cows.  P'Xjr  food  may  also  cause  the  con- 
rfition. 


3Hf,  Tin:  ^'J<ACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Sy>„/,/o»/s.-  r\K'  first  thing  noticcl,  the  animal  leaves  a  part 
or  all  ..f  us  grain,  and  takes  Init  little  coarse  feetl;  animal  also 
sli.nvs  s(,me  dullness;  after  p  day  or  two  IkavlIs  are  sluggish. 
The  symptoms  resemble,  somewhat,  impaction  of  the  rnmeii,  hut 
arc  milder.  If  not  reliewd,  the  more  severe  symptoms  of' im- 
paction may  present  themselves. 

Tre.\tment. — 

As  soon  as  an  animal  is  seen  to  leave  a  part  of  its  grain,  cut 
down  the  feeil  at  once,  or  let  them  go  without  for  a  feed  or  two. 
Give  a  do.se  of  ICpsom  salts— 1.>,  inmnds  — and  an  ounce  or  two 
of  Ginger,  in  2  (jnarts  of  water;  also  use  the  following: 

MuidKxlniLlNux     ,miica i>4  .inu-hms. 

Muid  Kxlract  J.ilx.r.indi 3  <lr.iclims. 

Fluid  ICxlr.ict  Caliliiir  ]!c:in i  drachm. 

Aromatic  Spirits  .Aniiiioiiia i  ouiicc. 

Water,  to  Wake j  j,i„t 

Shake      Give  as  one  dose,  and  re])tal  tliree 
or  four  times  a  day,  iiulil  animal  is  eating'  a,i,'ain. 

Give  a  little  slopj.y  diet  if  he  will  eat.  After  commencing 
to  cat  he  careful  .ahoui  ovei  fee.ling  again,  ami  give  the  tonics  as 
for  "Chronic  Indigestion"  for  two  or  three  weeks. 

CHRONIC  INDIGESTION.-This  is  a  condition  in  which 
the  digestive  organs  are  only  partly  performing  their  function, 
the  condition  ha\  ing  existed  for  some  time. 

Ci/iMS.—Thi^  cause  is  generally  due  to  poor  feed,  or  to  too 
long  continued  high  feed.  Cattle  are  not  so  Mibject  to  the  disease 
as  horses,  yet  it  is  not  infrequent. 

6>w/>/<7w,c.— The  animal  is  unthrifty,  is  not  doing  well,  hair 
is  harsh,  skin  harsli  an.l  dry:  animal  is  dull;  the  appetite  may 
remain  good,  „r  he  capricious,  one  day  eating  well,  another  day 
eating  Iml  little:  increase  of  feed  produces  little  or  no  improve- 
ment in  the  animal's  condition;  if  a  cow,  milk  secretion  is  small, 
rile  feces  are  dr>-  and  hard. 

TXE.VT.MKXT. — 

■Dive  the  animal  the  i>est  of  feed,  roots,  or  silage,  if  possible, 
along  with  clover  hay  and  bran,  oats  aud  corn,  and  a  little  Linseed 


ms 


M^m 


d^ 


DISKASF.S  OF  CATTLE 


387 


meal.     If  l>ovvds  arc  costive,  give  a  i  jxjiiiul  dose  of  Kpsom  Salts, 
rci)eating  once  a  week;  also  use  the  following  tonics: 

Gfiiti.m !?  iKmii'l. 

llti.arl)onnte  of  Sfxla .'i       " 

Nux  Voiiiicit %       " 

Arsenic I  lirailiiu. 

Afir.       Do'^t' :  T.ilili-s]iiii)iifv!l     i;ii)iiili)>;   .iitd 
ni^lit  in  innisteiuil  };r;iin. 

At  noon  give  a  tabkspooiifiil  of  tlie  follcnviiig: 

Siilliluitc  (if  Iron 4  uuncus. 

S:iUlH;tLT 4 

Mix. 

Or  the  following  iron  mixture  may  be  used; 

I.i(iui(l  Cliloriilo  of  Iron 2  ounces. 

Nitro-hydochloric  Aciil 2      " 

Water  to  niiike i  pint. 

Shake.     Pose:     i  ounce,  (lilutcl  in  8  ounces 
of  water. 


HAIR,  OR  SINDER  TWINE  BALLS,  OR  CON- 
CRETIONS.—Tliese  may  l)e  found  in  rumen  or  j)aunili,  or  in 
the  reticulum  or  second  stomach.  In  cahes,  foreign  suljstances 
are  sometimes  found  in  the  fourth  stomach. 

Causes. — Hair  balls  are  caused  l)y  animals  licking  each  other 
in  spring,  when  tlie  hair  is  loose,  and  this  hair  collects  in  a  hall 
in  llie  stomach.  In  the  case  ot  liinder  twine,  the  cattle  get  the 
twine  from  eating  straw  which  has  been  bound  with  twine,  and 
this  collects  and  forms  into  balls. 

Syiiip/oiits.  -The  SNinptomsof  these  foreign  bodies  are  not  at 
all  characteristic;  if  in  the  first  or  second  stomach  they  produce 
l>nt  little  trouble,  the  animal  acting  normal:  when  in  the  fourth 
-tuinach,  substances  are  apt  to  cause  more  irritalvvii,  and  produce 
)  niptoms  similar  to  inflammation  of  the  :-tonnich,  or  impaction. 
Ujxni  opening  the  stomach  of  cattle  which  have  been  slaughtered 
for  meat,  foreign  bodies  of  various  kinds  are  frequently  found, 
havinsi  produced  no  apparent  disturbance. 


^^ 


^7T 


■^■"•^    THK  PRACTICAL  s;nKk   jK-CTOK 

Tkkatmknt.— 

liKiNmiu-li  as  llif  exact  coiKliti..n  can  not  Ik-  roc..>;ni/wl 
synipcrn^  „i.ly  can  Ik-  treated;  if  tlay  are  like  tliose  <,f  .Tiflani- 
mation  of  t lie  stoniacli,  treat  as  lor  tliat;  if  ihere  is  imi..;.  •  ,on. 
treat  tliat.  If  there  is  K<>fHl  reason  to  believe  that  iher^  i>  vuine- 
thinK  in  tlu-  rnmen,  rnnienotoiny  could  Ik-  i)erfornn,l.  S.  e  "Ini- 
I'clion  of  Kiiiinii." 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  ABOMASUM  OR 
FOURTH  PART  OF  THE  STOMACH  Tin,  d.siase  is 
more  cuniMiou  in  calves  titan  in  older  calt','.-. 

Ca//scs.~ll  is  cau-vd  Lv  catinv;  fn./eii  roots,  or  .la^s,  and 
also  l.y  eating  over-rii.e  f,,n.l,  [„  ^..k.s  d  i>  cansui  froin  cl.'an>.- 
iiiK  too  suddenly  frnn,  s\v,,  .  (,,  s(nirniilk;  in  t!;.-.  ,„  of  -...nnR 
ealves,  esiK-cially,  this  change  irritates  the  Monia.  h  and  sci-  up 
disease. 

-Vlw/'/.'m.-  First  theie  is  dianljca,  ll,ui  con  ,!  ij  ati..n.  ehan- 
MiK  from  one  to   the  oilur  cv^ty    d.i^     o,    u^,■■,    animal   l.'vaihes 
quickly    and   -roans   with   pain;   no  c  .:,  iHtand.hN;   KclK    has  a 
tucke.l  up  look  an.I  i  ,   ,,,r.    Ioi.rsmik     the  11-..  an<l  ear- are  .old 
The  pnlsc   is   rapid  aa.l  hani,  the  temperature  J.vafed;   animal 
refuses  all  feed. 

Tki:,\t.mk.\t. — . 

To  calves  ^ivc  the  following'  drench; 

Raw  Liii.-ieed  t)il  ,^  .,jm 

VluidExlract  of  Ikllail  ini,, i.),lr..ps. 

Laudanum ,  ,-. „,,„,_ 

A/i.x  ,111(1  j^'ive  a.^  a  dnni-'n 

Give  the  belly  a  Rood  rul.hi;i,t;  -.vith  .Mn-tard  and  vinegar; 
blanket  to  keep  warm,  and  jil.ace  some  h(;t  salt  in  a  baj,^  over  th.^ 
l)a<-k,  and  after  this  give  a  tea^poonful  nf  I.au.Ianuni  and  lo  droj^ 
of  l-luid  I'xtract  of  Helladoima  in  ',  cup  of  milk  three  or 
t..iir  times  a  day,  until  it  .gets  relief;  i  drachm  of  Snbnitrate  of 
IIiMiiulh,  divi.led  into  three  jxnvders,  and  one  given  in  a  little 
thin  gruel  three  limes  a  day  is  also  good.  If  it  will  drink,  give 
It  small  quantities  of  new  milk,  and  every  time  it  i:^  fed,  put  a 
teaspoonful  of  baking  soda  in  the  milk. 


DISKASluS  OF  CATTLU  389 

To  old  cattle  i^ive  the  following: 

Ri\w  I.iiisftil  OH I  pint. 

I'liii'l  F,xlr»ct  of  IWll.iilunnu 1  druchm. 

I.  iii<l.iiuim I  ounce. 

A/i  I  ami  K've  us  a  ilrciirh. 

Afterward  K've  the  following;: 

I^ui'l.iniiiii r  ounce. 

Fluiil  l^xti.ict  iif  r.cll.i(liitinii I  .liiichm. 

l''Uii<l  IC.ttr.ul  of  .\ioiiiu-  Knot 15  iliojis; 

Ahx  ill  a  pint  01'  w.iter  ami  ^ive  as  .1  drench 
thrif  tiint's  a  <l.iy  until  rtvit-viil. 

Siiliiiitratc  of  ItisiiiMtli  in  2-(lra',  liiii  tlosts,  in  a  little  thin 
i;nul,  three  titnts  a  day,  is  al>o  ^ood.  Clothe  the  hody  well  and 
put  hot  salt  in  a  ba>^  to  the  hack.  Feed  soft  food  and  give  liike- 
warni  water  to  drink. 


DIARRHEA,  OR  SCOURS.  -  Diarrhea  results  either 
iioHi  incre.i^ed  acticjn  of  the  nniNCidar  coat  of  the  intestines,  or 
an  increased  secretion  of  the  juices,  or  from  Ixjlh  of  those  con- 
ditions combined. 

Ca//scs.  "Vood  taken  in  excess,  or  of  improper  quality;  ex- 
cessive secretions,  especially  liile;  impure  water,  and  water  drunk 
in  excess;  mechanical  conj;esli<>n  of  the  intestinal  vessels;  acute 
i-r  chronic  innannnation  of  the  Ixjwels;  stt  Iden  change  in  feed, 
i'.xposure  to  chaii.^es  oi  tetnperaltire,  either  of  heat  or  cold,  may 
|)ri)(luce  it.     M.iy  he  a  syniptum  of  other  diseases. 

S\//i/>/i>M<:. — In  severe  cases,  the  animal  is  dull,  places  its 
feet  will  under  it-^  Ixiily,  arches  its  back,  and  shows  thirst.  Pas- 
-  ii;es  from  the  iiowels  are  fre(juent,  at  fir.st  con.sisting  of  thin 
dung,  but  as  disea.se  advances  they  become  watery  and  offensive 
smelling,  and  may  even  be  streaked  with  blwKl.  Frequently  the 
Tiial.idy  is  accoinixinied  by  fever,  great  depression,  loss  of 
--trength,  rapid  loss  of  flesh,  and  it  may  terminate  in  death.  Mild 
I  i-^es  simply  show  a  too  fluid  condition  of  the  droppings. 

Ti;iC.\TMKNT. — 

When  the  disease  is  from  irritatintr  pnjiK-rties  of  food,  give 
a  mild  purgative,  as  a  pint  of  either  l,insre<l  or  Castor  Oil. 


:>.*U:_ 


4 1 


"Mi 


■'•;  i 


^'J 


,<p  THIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

And  also  f];ive  the  following: 

I.aiulanun ' '^'  """ces. 

ISicarhoti  .te  <if  vSoJa I  ounce. 

WatLT ipi"t- 

Shake.     Cive  as  one  dose;  re].eal   three  or 
four  liiiies  .a  it.:y  until  comliliun  stoi)S. 

AltL-nrst-'  with  the  annvc,  in  I'ad  cases: 

CM^iK-ras  'i  ounce. 

Water '  P'"'- 

Shake.     Gi'  e  as  one  <lose,  and  repeat  tliree 

t'liies  .1  il.-iy. 

If  these  fail  to  ch.eck,  use  th-j  following: 

Corro.-^i.e  Sulaiuiate  7  !,'rains. 

Water >  pi"»- 

Shake,     /'.j.s^-.-   '.  to  i  ounce,  repeated  three 
or  four  tinii-s  .a  day. 

This  is  very  iKiisonotis,  aivl  care  sl'.otiM  he  taken  to  use  it  as 

directed. 

Give  dry  feed,  limit  the  water,  Ki\ing  I.inseed  meal,  starch, 
r,r  llonrsnul.  If  the  animal  will  eat,  give  dry,  burned  flour. 
The  dosfs  Riven  are  for  th.e  adult;  give  calves  ahout  ,'„  the 
dose.  Sec  "White  Scours"  for  the  di-ea.sc  in  calves.  If  there  is 
-.'.real  prostration,  i'lood  in  passa;j,es,  and  pain,  see  "  Dysentery." 
When  the  condition  is  a  symptom  of  some  other  di.sease,  that  dis- 
ease nnisl  also  lie  ncted. 

DYSENTERY  BLOODY  FLUX.  -Dysentery  begins 
with  itirianir-..';tinn  of  ll;e  nuicnns  membrane  of  the  colon,  but 
may  e;<tend  milil  all  il.e  bow..ls  are  involved. 

rri//>.. -I-eedini,  musty  hay  and  grain,  or  other  forage  in 
like  cn.lilion:  acid,  poisonous  plants;  bad  water;  se(|Uel  of 
neolecud  .li.anhea;  or  following  almost  any  debilitating  di.sease. 

.SV-V-Vavc.  -Anin-.al  eats  slowly,  rtnninates  le^s  fre<iutntly, 
nt;-'  widl-s  vl.-,nlv.  There  :.re  sonietin;es  colic  iinins.  As  dis- 
ea-^.-  .alvance^,  animal  censes  to  eat  and  chew  the  end,  the  mn//le  is 
dry,  eves  sunken,  eoit  rouoh,  and  the  skin  dry  and  hid.e  botnid; 
stands   with   tiie  bark  arciied.     At   fii^t,  bowels  act   irrcgubrly, 


^T^ 


iK  ?>'.4  , 


wCi?!^fT^-iab^ ' 


-:*a»il* 


i^^i^:«m.''"':.iYTiivi 


^DISEASES  OF  CATTLE  391 

passages  are  thin,  then  become  fetid,  and  are  streaked  with 
blood;  pulse  rapid  and  weak,  temperature  elevated.  Disease 
may  or  may  not  run  a  rapid  course,  and,  when  fatal,  the  lining 
of  the  bowels  will  be  found  tliickened  and  reddened  at  some 
points,  showing  ulceration  at  others,  and  on  some  portions  of  its 
surface  covered  with  a  layer  of  mucus.  There  is  more  or  less 
mucus  passed  alon.^  with  the  droj){iings  during  the  course  of 
the  disease,  giving  them  a  slimy  appearance. 

Trk.vtmknt. — 

The  disease  is  treated  much  thes.imeas  "Diarrhea,"  starting 
in  with  the  Oil;  also  use  the  Laudanum,  but  the  astringents  more 
es|x-cially  are  needed  in  this  disease;  use  the  Copjieras  solution 
part  of  the  time  and  part  of  the  time,  in  its  plice,  use  the  following: 

Acetate  of  Lead I  drachm. 

Wator I  pint. 

Shake.     Give  as  one  dose,  and  repeat  two  or 

ree  times  a  day. 

The  Corrosive  Subli  ate  solution  can  also  be  used,  as  with 
■ '  Diarrhea. ' '  Also  use  the  gruels  and  burned  flour.  Blood  flour  is 
also  excellent  for  this  trouble;  give  an  adult  animal  from  2  to 
)  talilespoonfuls  in  a  pint  of  warm  water. 

With  this  disorder  also  use  the  following  as  a  stinmlant,  and 
also  to  allay  the  fever: 

I'lnid  Ivxtnictof  .Xconite I'/i  drachms. 

I'hiid  Ivxlract  of  HcUadonna i  ounoo 

Alcohol <;  ounces. 

SaltiKHcr 2  ounces 

Water  to  luake i  pint. 

Shake.     /X>sr:  2  ounces,  three  or  four  times 
a  day,  in  Ji  pint  of  water. 

If  necessary  to  contintie  for  more  than  two  or  thise  days, 
leave  the  Aconite  out  of  the  prescription,  and  put  'A  ounce  of 
I'luid  Ivxtract  of  Digitalis  into  the  prescription  in  its  place. 

After  recovery,  use  for  a  couple  of  weeks  the  tonics  as  for 
"Chronic  Indigestion." 


'^^mwu^m^^^'^^mf^iwm'imi^^m'''m:^'^'^-^\  •'■ 


II 

,:       :i    1 

I    ■ 


h  ih:i\ 


?   Ui   \ 


i4 


U\vt  i 


392 


THE  PRACTICAL  3T0CK  DOCTOR 


COLIC— 

Ca/Lics. — From  ilrinkiti^'  oijiioiisly  of  cold  water,  which  pro- 
duces cramps  of  stomach  ;i!i'.l  ho-.vcls:  or  from  a  ch;m^;;c  of  f(K)d, 
especially  if  green  or  frozen.  Not  as  coiumoii  a  disease  with 
cattle  as  with  liorses. 

Sv'»plo»!f. — Tlicre  is  '^ome  distension  of  the  alulonu'n,  hut  no 
accumulation  of  i^as.  As  distension  and  pain  occur  immediately 
after  drinking,  there  can  he  no  (lucstion  as  to  cause.  The  animal 
is  uneasy;  lies  down  a!id  t^ets  up;  stretches  out  and  strikes  the 
feet  against  the  belly;  moans,  and  hjoks  around  at  the  side,  show- 
ing distress. 

Treatmknt. — 

Walk  the  animal  about  for  ten  niitiutes.  Tn  some  cases  the 
walking  exercise  will  result  in  a  diarrhea,  which  will  bring  alxjut 
a  cure  for  the  disorder.  In  case  the  jiaiu  jx-rsists,  give  the  fol- 
lowing: 

Siiljihurii-  l{t1icr r  otiiicc 

L.iiul.iTunu I       " 

Wanii  waUr  i   ]'iiit. 

Ciivi  a.s  one  dose,  an<l  rtpt-at  in  an  linur  if  not 
rtlie\i.il,  a'ld  again  in  two  hnurs  if  ncci'ssarv. 

In  an  emergency,  when  the  medicine  is  not  to  be  had,  give 
4  ounces  of  Whiskey  mixed  with  a  pint  of  warm  water,  or  a 
tablespoonful  of  Ciingcr  may  be  gi\en  in  the  same  way  as  the 
remedies  already  mentioned.  Do  n(jt  exercise  beyond  a  walk. 
Gi\e  one  of  the  colic  mixtures  as  reconuuended  for  the  horse 
tuider  "Colic"  i  page  115K  Hot  applications  to  the  loins  or  alxlo- 
men,  if  possible,  will  l^e  of  great  \alue. 


DEPRAVED  APPETITE  -PICA.  -Cattle  suiTering 
from  this  disea--e  li.c.e  a  crii)ricious  and  \riri.able  ;i])petite  as 
regards  their  ordinary-  fi"i  1,  but  --how  a  strong  liking  to  lick  and 
eat  substances  that  healiliy  cat'Ie  show  no  inclination  for,  such 
as  lime,  earth,  co:d,  gravel,  or  even  the  dung  of  otlier  cattle. 

rh'?«r?.— Bad    food,     especiall}-    food    that    has    undergone 


changes,  which  lessen/  its  digesti 


v\  nt!:riti\-e   ^inali!i--s.  i= 


-.4'2a»: 


'TSSS'JSSf^ffS^ 


ffl 


DISEASKS  OF  CATTI.K 


393 


A  common  cause.  Cattle  pastured  on  low,  swampy  land  are  pre- 
ili.spo>ed  to  it.  It  occasionally  hapjjens  that  one  individual  suf- 
!li>,  thougli  all  arc  fed  alike;  in  such  case  the  trouble  must  arise 
from  a  lack  of  assimilation. 

Svviploiiis.  —  In  addition  to  licking  and  eatuig  strange  things 
IS  alxjve  noted,  animals  affected  with  this  aihuent  fall  ofT  in  con- 
(liiii.n,  tlieir  coats  become  staring,  the  gait  slow. 

Tki.  \'l".Mi:.NT.    - 

('live  treatment  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BOWELS-ENTER- 
ITIS.— This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  lining  and  also  the 
iniir-cular  wall  of  the  bt)wels,  and  is  quite  different  from  the 
iuilainmatory  stage  of  dysentery. 

Causes.-  From  eating  various  poisonous  substances,  either 
;i;iimal,  vegetable,  or  niitural;  it  may  follow  a  too  sudden 
I  becking  of  the  diarrhea;  drinking  of  ice-cold  water  may  produce 
It;  (jr  exposure  to  a  cold,  d.uiip  wind,  or  anv  influence  that  sud- 
denlj'  chills  the  surface  of  the  body  may  act  as  a  cause. 

Svi'if'ioins. — There  is  constipation,  such  feces  as  are  passed 
being  hard,  dry,  and  nuicus  coaled,  and  sometimes  offensive  and 
Moody,  high  fever  with  quick,  hard  pul.-e;  dry  mouth,  with  fur 
over  t.mgue  and  cheeks;  great  thirst;  apjx.'tite  fails,  and  in  cows, 
the  milk;  rumination  is  stojiped;  colic  pains  may  occur,  although 
]iain  is  more  apt  to  be  constant;  more  or  less  pain  is  produced  by 
pressing  against  the  right  flank;  l>realhing  is  labored,  and  more 
(>!■  less  bloating  may  be  noticed;  urine  is  scanty  and  high  colored; 
back  is  arched,  animal  moans,  grinds  his  teeth,  and  refuses  to 
ii;o\e;  jmlse  gradually  becomes  imperceptible,  and  extremities 
are  cold;  and  in  fatal  cases,  ckath  follows  in  a  day  or  two.  The 
lii.;!i  te!ni>erature  and  rapid,  hard  pulse  helps  distinguish  this 
from  the  other  disea.ses  of  the  digestive  organs. 

Tk  i:\TMENT. — 

If  the  intlamniation  is  caused  by  irritating!;  prnsons,  either 
vegetable  or  mineral,  give  thin  Linseed  gruel  freely  ;  and  from 
whatever  cause,  a  liberal  amov.nt  of  the  gruel  i:.  good  ;  it  helps  to 
unload  the  bowels  without  irritating  them.     Give  water  in  small 


I  il  I    i|i|ll  III  Mill   III    illlll   lllllll  I   MilllHllHllilllHI—illlllllliriliilllW   lllilllillliyil 


:!" 


n 


[1^ 


M 


!'« 


I  ■? 


394 THE  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTok 

quantities   very    frwiuently.     Give    i-ounce  doses  of  laudanum 
five  to  seven  times  a  day,  and  also  the  following  : 

Fluiil  I-ixtraot  Reiladonna i  ounce. 

Fluid  i:xtract  Aconite j'^  <lrachms. 

Saltpeter 2  ounces. 

I<i(jnor  Annnonia  Acetatis bounces. 

Water  to  make i  pint. 

Shake.    Dose-  2  outices,  four  times  a  day  in 
a  half  ]iint  of  water. 

The  Ammonia  Acetate  sohuion  may  be  left  out  if  not  at  hand. 

Apply  hot  blankets  to  the  loins  and  ri^dit  11, ink  ;  apply  as 
hot  as  the  animal  wiH  stand,  and  change  every  half  hour.  If  the 
weather  will  not  jxrmit  of  using  hot  water,  rub  on  a  little 
Turpentine  liniment  or  Mustard  plaster  and  apply  hot  .salt  bag. 
If  animal  recovers,  feed  carefully  for  some  time,  and  give  half 
doses  of  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestiou." 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LINING  OF  THE 
BELLY  CAVITY-PERITONITIS.-This  is  an  inflamma- 
tion of  the  membrane  lining  tlie  cavity  of  the  Ijelly,  and  covering 
the  bowels  and  other  abdominal  viscera. 

Causes. — From  standing  in  a  cold  rain,  or  wind,  after  being 
warmed  up  and  sweating;  or  from  Ijeing  wet  and  afterward  lying 
out  on  the  cold  groiuid.  It  may  also  l)e  caused  by  wounds  pene- 
trating the  abdomen.  Sometimes  follows  castration  or  spaying; 
sometimes  follows  parturition. 

Symptoms. — Continuous  or  occasional  shivering;  animal  lies 
down,  but  acts  uneasy;  often  turns  the  head  toward  the  flanks 
and  lows  plaintively;  pressure  on  flanks  produces  pain;  no  appe- 
tite; muzzle  dry,  and  no  rumination;  while  standing,  legs  are 
placed  well  under  body;  pulse  small  and  hard;  temperature  ele- 
vated; dung  small  and  hard.  If  disease  is  complicated  with  in- 
flammation of  the  bowels,  pain  is  more  severe  and  animal  more 
restless.  The  skin  is  cold  and  dry  in  early  stage,  but  when  more 
advanced,  this  condition  may  lie  succeeded  by  heat  of  skin  and 
quick  breathing.  The  fits  of  trembling,  uneasiness,  small  and 
hard  pulse,  elevated  temperature,  and  tension  of  left  flank  with 
pain   upon  pressure,  are  symptoms  the  presence  of  which  are 


DISKAvSKS  OF  CATTI.K  395 

iii(iic:Uivc  of  the  disease.  Sjiiii)tonis  are  ^x•ry  much  like  inflanuna- 
tif)!!  (<t  the  howtls,  only  not  quite  so  severe,  and  disease  runs  a 
.-Idwxr  course.     If  from  wounds,  the  presence;  of  these  help  to 

(lint;nose. 

Tki-atmknt. — 

When  from  itijnrj'  by  the  honi  of  another  animal  bcins 
thrust  through  tlie  at)doininal  walls,  or  when  resulting  from 
(istration,  give  sjx;cial  treatment,  as  indicated  uii'ler  the  title  of 
Injurs',  an',  follow  general  treatment  as  here  given: 

The  bod}'  should  be  warndy  clothed,  and  it  is  advisable  when 
[.r.Rticalde,  to  have  a  blanket,  which  has  been  wrung  out  in  hot 
Wiittr,  placed  over  the  abdomen,  then  covered  with  several  dry 
blankets,  which  are  kept  in  jilace  by  straps  or  ropes  passed 
around  the  body.  If  the  animal  is  lying  down  the  straps  are  not 
necessary.  The  wet  blanket  unist  be  changed  as  often  as  it  cools 
(everyhalf  hour),  the  object  being  to  draw  the  blood  tothesurface 
of  tlie  body,  and  relieve  internal  2)arts.  If  for  any  reason  the 
\\\.l  blanket  had  best  not  be  used,  as  in  a  cold  stable,  apply  Tur- 
pentine liniment  or  Mustard  paste  to  the  abdomen,  and  put  hot 
salt  bags  under  the  woolen  blankets. 

Internally,  use  the  same  treatment  as  recommended  imder 
"Intl'unmation  of  the  Bowels,"  the  disease  i.rst  preceding  this, 
for  the  first  two  or  three  days,  then  change  the  prescription  and 
give  the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  of  lielladonna 1  caiice. 

I'luiil  Extract  of  Digitalis 6  drachms. 

Iodide  ol  I'ot-ish 6         " 

Saltpeter 3  oiuices. 

Water  to  make I  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:  2  ounces,  three  times  a  ilay. 

If  a  large  amount  of  fluid  should  collect  in  the  abdominal 
cavity,  treat  as  reconunended  under  the  next  disease. 

DROPSY  OF  THE  BELLY— ASCITES.— In  this 
disease  there  is  a  watery  effusion  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Causes. — From  peritonitis,  or  acute,  or  chronic  diseases  of 
the  liver.  Also  from  a  rtm-down  condition,  resulting  from  poor 
'eed. 


Kf-Va."' 


v% 


396 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


V 


Sy»iphvns.-~\  gradual  increase  in  tlie  si/e  c,f  tlu  hclly  at  its 
lower  part,  while  tlie  tlaiiks  lieconic  hollow;  iivllur  .)t  the  mucous 
nienil)rane  of  the  mouth  .ind  eye:  w.ak,  slu^'j-n^ii  r.ail;  want  of 
appetite,  and  irre-itlarily  of  riii  im  ,titi.i;.  On  percussion,  or 
tap])inK  of  the  surface  of  the  alui.  iinu  uilh  thj  fin^^er.s,  a  dull 
s<jund  ib  produced.  If  iiantl  aii'l  aii.iaiv  oilui  ar.d  pas,,ed  i!it(j 
the  rectum  as  far  as  possible,  on  iiio\  Id-  haml  from  side  to  side, 
the  fluctuation  causeil  by  the  picseuc^  of  tluid  in  the  abdomen 
may  be  felt.  The  fluctuation  may  al-^u  sonKiimes  \hi  felt  by 
pressing  in  suddenly  in  the  lower  jiirt  of  the  ri^dit  tiank. 

Trkat.mknt. — 

Give  nutritious  food,  and  use  the  Oeiitian  and  Nux  \'omica 
tonic,  as  recimimended  under  "Chronic  Indigestion,"  along  with 
the  last  preparation  as  given  under  "Peritonitis."  But  give  the 
tonic  in  thin  gruel,  so  ns  not  to  throw  the  animal  off  its  feed. 
If  the  bowels  are  sluggish,  give  ^/-pound  doses  of  Kpsom  Salts 
every  three  or  four  days.  If  this  treatment  fails  to  reduce  the 
amount  of  fluid,  the  alxlumen  will  have  to  be  tapped.  This  is 
done  the  same  as  for  Tympruiites  (see  that  disease  ) ,  except  that  the 
trocar  and  canula  is  introduced  a  few  inches  back  of  the  navel, 
on  the  tmderside  of  the  abdomen.  Push  the  instrument  in  only 
far  enough  to  go  through  the  wall,  withdraw  the  trocar  and 
the  fluid  will  flow  out  through  the  camda.  Continue  the  internal 
treatment  after  tajiping. 

CONSTIPATION.— This  is  a  condition  whichexists  when 
there  is  not  sutticient  moisture  in  ihe  stomach  and  bowels,  and 
the  feces  arc  passed  tardily  and  in  hard,  dry  ]umi)S. 

Causes. — From  the  too  free  use  of  tlry,  over  ripe  feed  ;  from 
insufficient  or  impure  water  ;  from  too  little  exercise.  It  is  often 
.symptomatic  of  other  (ii.sease,  e-.pecially  that  of  the  liver.  Calves 
sometimes  suffer  from  constipation  immediately  after  birth. 

Syviptcins. — It  is  recognized  by  the  hard,  dry  manure,  which 
is  also  sometimes  gla/.ed.  Animal  may  not  care  to  eat  or  drink, 
and  the  muzzle  is  dry.  It  is  apt  to  run  into  inflammation  of  the 
bowels,  colic  or  impaction  if  not  overcome.  If  a  symptom  of 
other  disease,  the  symptoras  of  chat  disease  will  be  present. 


i.^'i^-'':?^ 


M^m^^^'  m 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


397 


TuKATMENT. — 

Give  the  sniiic  internal  treatment  as  recommended  under 
'Siil)-Acnte  Indi;;cstion  ;  OfT-I<Ve(i."  Also  give  laxative  ftrod, 
and  plenty  of  pnre  water  to  drink.  If  a  mild  case,  laxative  food! 
with  a  handinl  of  ^dt  and  ]ilenty  of  water  may  be  all  that  is 
required.  Injections  into  the  rectum  of  warm  water  and  soap 
are  of  mnch  benefit  in  aiding  either  laxatives  or  purgatives. 
When  a  symptom  of  a  disease,  treat  as  indicated  under  the 
alTictioii. 

In  tlie  case  of  calves  snfTering  from  constipation  immediately 
following  birth,  give  an  otnice  or  two  of  Castor  Oil  shaken  up  in 
an  ounce  of  new  milk.  The  dam's  milk  is  the  best  preventive  of 
this  trouble,  as  it  contains  laxative  substances  which  help  in 
mdoading  tlie  bowels.  Inject  a  little  warm,  soapy  water  into 
the  rectum.  If  the  oil  fails,  give  i  or  2  ounces  of  Ivp.som  Salts 
in  4  ounces  of  warm  water,  and  also  a  little  of  the  mixture  as 
recommended  above. 

INTESTINAL  WORMS  IN  CATTLE.-Cattle  are  less 
infested  with  worms  than  any  other  species  of  domestic  ainmals, 
and  it  is  rarely  necessary  to  apply  treatment  for  the  removal  of 
these  parasites.  Taixworms  and  round  worms  are,  however, 
s<Mnetinies  found  in  the  intestines  of  cattle.  Tapeworms  more 
('ften  than  the  roiuid  ones. 

Sy»ip/oins.— An  examination  of  the  manure  is  the  only  cer- 
tain method  of  making  sure  that  there  are  worms  in  the  bowels, 
and  if  present  the  worms  will  be  found  to  some  extent  in  the 
droppings.  In  some  cases  the  animal  may  fall  off  in  condition, 
though  the  appetite  may  be  very  good. 

Tkk.vtmhnt. — 

For  tapeworms,  feed  lightly  for  a  day  or  two  and  then  give  ]4 
ounce  of  Oil  of  Male  Fern  twice  a  day  in  a  pint  of  milk  for  three 
(lays  in  succession,  and  follow  the  last  dose  with  i^  pounds  of 
Ivpsom  Salts. 

For  roimd  worms  give  2  drachms  of  Sulphate  of  Iron,  three 
tnnes  q  day,  mixed  in  moistened  grain,  and  after  three  days' 
treatment  with  this,  give  the  Epsom  Salts  as  above.  Oil  of  Tur- 
I<"r.liiie  may  be  given  in  doses  of  i  ounce  with  a  pint  of  miik  or 


w 


•A\.-' 


•>  ,  -I 


.v;R 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


h    !^   ■ 


II  I 


raw  Liiisi.cd  Oil,  or  Santonin  in  i-drac^tii  <l()si-s  in  fcwl,  to  be 
t.)lliAV;il  hy  the  ]>tin;ali\(.' a- .Icscril'cd.  In  tri'alinvj  calves,  uliieli 
an-  more  aj.t  ti>  be  infe<leil  with  worms  tlnn  older  cattle,  i;ive 
fr,)ni  one-(|Uarter    to  on<-liaIf  the  di>-e  t;iveii    'h-n-e. 


WOUNDS  OF    THE   ABDOMEN. 


\    wonnd   of  the 


al'doinen    nias"  in..r(.I>-  jKiielrale  the  skin,  hut   a»  such  cases  a-e 
not  attended  witli  nnich  'lander,  the  purjxjse  o/   I'lis  article 'V'H 
he  lo  eonsi.Ii.r  more  esjK^irdly  th(;se  wounds  which  jx;netrate  Iht' 
entire    tliickne-s  of   the  walls,  and  expose,  to  a  gren.U-r  or  le.s 
extent,  tlie  ortrans  contained. 

C<r//sts.  —  P,y  fallin<<  on  sharp  o'vjects  that  penetrate;  hy  » 
Mow  from  the  horn  of  another  anin.a  ;  incautious  use  of  caustic* 
in  treatint;  liernia. 

Syjnpfonis. — When  tlic  wound  is  small,  at  first  the  bowtf 
exposed  looks  like  a  small  round  tumor,  but  in  a  few  minutes  v 
loop  of  intestines  may  emers^e  from  the  opening.  Animal  wil' 
then  show  symptoms  f.f  severe  pain,  by  p.awing  with  his  feef 
which  will  accelerare  the  i)assa,<;e  of  new  loops  of  the  intestine?-. 
so  that  they  may  n  sfime  cases  reach  the  ground.  The  pain  noi* 
is  so  great  that  the  a.,imal  becomes  almost  frantic. 

Tki;.\tmi;nt.  - 

In  case  the  bowels  are  torn  and  bruised,  there  is  nothing  t  < 
do  but  to  slaughter  ihe  animal  at  once.  If  the  parts  have  no! 
;)een  lacerated,  the  bowels  should  be  cleaned  by  ixjuring  tepi<? 
water  over  them  and  then  Carbolic  Acid  lotion,  as  in  cleaning  thn 
vagina  in  evcrsion  of  that  organ.  After  cleaning  the  bowel, 
lelurn  it,  wash  the  edges  of  the  woinid  with  water  and  the  Car 
l.olic  Acid  lotion,  sew  up  the  muscles  with  catgut,  the  skin  witb 
.-.iik  ("see  Oi'i-katioxs,  page  347).  .'\pply  bandage  as  with 
"Hernias."  Dress  the  wound  dai'.-  with  the  Carbolic  Acirf 
lotion.  (See  "General  Treatment  of  Wounds,"  Hoksk  Dki-akt- 
.\iKNT).     If  only  the  skiu  is  toru,  treat  as  under  same  heading. 


'M'=ac^->j:iKfii7i:i£.^.saBS't«s:a»aiiRa9ar::v^Bi?^K^^ 


DISRASKS  OK  CATTLK 


399 


RUPTURE,  OR  HERNIA 


A  hernia  is  a  displacement  of  s«me  of  the  ahdoniinal  organs, 
<;eiieraily  a  jjortioii  of  tlie  bowels,  ontside  the  alKlomiual  cavity; 
tliey  are  named  according  to  their  kx-ation. 

VENTRAL  HERNIA  is  an  escaix;  of  some  one  of  the 
alMlominal  organs  llirongh  a  rnpture  in  the  abdominal  muscles, 
the  skin  remaining  intact.  The  small  intestine,  or  part  of  the 
large  intestine,  are  the  parts  which  usually  form  a  ventral  hernia. 

Ca//sts. — Hernia  is  frequently  produced  by  blows  of  the 
horns  of  other  animals,  by  kicks,  and  by  falls.  In  the  case  of  old 
lows  this  may  occur  without  any  direct  injury.  In  advanced 
stages  of  pregnancy,  the  increase  of  the  size  of  the  aMomen 
causes  a  thiiniiiig  and  stretching  of  the  muscular  fdx-rs,  which  at 
last  may  rupture  or  give  way. 

Sytnp/oDis.  -  The  hernia  is  most  often  situated  at  the  right 
side  of  the  abdomen,  pnxluciiig  an  enlargement  of  greater  or  less 
size.  The  swelling  is  not  usually  i)ainful,  is  of  a  doughy  appear- 
ance, or  elastic,  according  as  the  intestines  does  or  does  not  con- 
tain feces.  By  working  with  the  hand,  the  bowel  can  l)e  pushed 
l)ack  and  the  enlargement  reduced,  and  tlie  rent  in  the  abdominal 
wall  felt.  If  on  the  upjier  and  right  side,  the  hernia  is  usually 
farmed  by  the  small  intestine.  It  is  not  so  readily  reduced,  but 
when  once  done  is  wot  as  likely  to  be  reproduced  as  in  those 
occurring  lower.  Adhesion  to  the  abtlominal  wall,  and  strangu- 
lation are  complications  which  sometimes  take  place.  In  adhesion 
the  rupture  cainiot  be  reduced  by  pressure,  and  when  strangula- 
tion exists  there  is  pain.  In  the  latter  case,  the  edges  of  the 
opening  press  on  the  bowel,  so  as  to  stop  the  passage  of  the  feces, 
pnxluce  inflammation,  and  finally  gangrene.  The  strangulated 
hernia  will  cause  severe  abdominal  pain,  shown  by  uneasiness, 
kicking  belly,  etc. 

Tke.vtment. — 

When  a  hernia  can  be  put  back  into  the  abdomen  (reduced), 
it  should  be  kept  there  to  allow  the  walls  of  the  wound 
to  grow   together.     This  may  be  cone  in  a  number  of  ways. 


^?f^;:,'jsssm 


,.s. 


tl  m 


400 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


The  folluwin-  iiKtli..,!  ..f  ripplyiti-  a  Iiaiulape  has  hctii  rea.in- 
mciiilccl  l'\  .sonic.  Trci-aic  a  h.mda^n-  of  strong  material  alK.iit 
10  yar.U  lnii>4  an.!  .;  I.)  4  inches  l.n.a  I,  and  a  tle\il,le  hut  solid 
piece  of  ]u-tel)uard  a  Lijited  lo  the  ,M/e  of  the  hernia.  Push  haek 
protnidiii-  ...rK.ni  iv,'.-,  the  aLdcnieii  ;  (his  hein-  dene,  a  layer  of 
nieited  j.iteh  ind  turpentine  is  (luiekly  spread  on  skin  covering 
seat  of  hernia  and  extending-  somewhat  heyond.  Cover  tliis 
adhesive  layer  wilii  a  layer  of  tine  tow,  then  j.iit  a  new  la>er  of 
pitch  and  titr],  iitnie  <.ii  the  tow,  and  lay  on  this  the  pasteh.iard. 
the  outer  surtace  of  which  cover  with  the  same  prejviralioti  ; 
lastly,  the  haudai^e,  adhering:  to  tiie  [tiece  of  p.is|,.l„,;,rd,  to  tlie 
skin,  and  to  the  dilun  lit  turns  which  it  makes  around  the  body, 
is  carefully  ai^plied  s<j  a-  t.j  form  an  iinniovahle,  ri.i;id,  and  soli<l 
handaKe,  which  retains  ih.'  hernia  lon.i;  eiiotiRh  for  the  W(mnd  in 
the  al>d(,mi!ia]  w.dls  to  h.-.i!  [.ciniar.eiilly.  Hmda^'es  «et  loose  as 
the  animal  changes  sliuhljy  in  si/e  fmni  d.iy  to  day,  and  so  must 
be  watched. 

Ke.sortintr    to   sur-ery    for    tlie   curiiit;  r-f  ventral   hernia  is 
advi.sihle.    if    the    rui>inre    i,    iw  f    too    lar^u-.      The  skin    is  cut 
throu.iih    over    the    rii)  tuie    and    tie    muscles    sewed     up    with 
cat-gut    and    then    the    skin    s.w,  1   up    with  silk.     A    h.in<l.i-e 
is  then  put    around  ilie  :uiim,il  to  help  snpjvirt  the  stitches  ;    see 
Opi:r.\ti.»js,  in  Ho!<s,r  IM  iM.riMKNT.  for  general  princii)!es  for 
ojierations.     I.ar-e  hernias  |.e>t  not  l.eojXTated  on  in  this  w.iy- 
a  rent  over  six  or  ci-ht  inr'us  Ion;;.     Ruptures  on  the  under  side 
of  abdomen  are  more  apt  to  rccnr  when  they  have  been  returned, 
and  wounds  made  in  op.eratini;  on  ihem  are  more  dimenlt  to  he.al 
than  wlien  hernia  is  on  the  side.      When  a  rui>tunMsstran.unlated 
—  circulation  of  contents  of  s.'ie  si,. pj-K.(l  — it  is  advisihle  to  open 
the  sac  carefully  and  return  the  ])irts,  eiil.irKinir  the  openin.i;    in 
the  abdomin.al  muscles  eiiou-h  to  return  ]>totnding  organs,  after 
which  close  the  woimd  in  the  muscles  with  cat-gtit   stitches,  and 
then  the  wound  in  tin  skin  wii.'i  silk  thread.     Put    over   this   a 
compress  oi  tell  to  twelve  folds  of  cloth:    and  apply    a    i)andage 
around  ih.e  body  to  liold  it  in  r.l;ice,   fastening    tiie    two  ends    at 
the  back.      A  ventral  hernia  may  also  be  treated  by  li.gatiiig  the 
fold  of  skin,  or  by  the  use  of  the  elastic  bandage  ;.  .  w?tli  innbil- 
ical  lierni.i. 


'fSfitry^rSr-it'^Trr 


4 'iff 


\Ju..i.zifthX:  /-.'^ 


iso^ 


-./*'-.:!.. 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


401 


UMBILICAL,  OR  NAVEL  HHRNIA— The  umbilicus, 
ct  n;ivcj,  :  the  cpeuisig  m  the  fiwur  of  tJu-  ulxiorucn  tl'iough  which 
the  bi(!<>d  vi-sseis  pass  fioin  tlie  fcttiis  to  enter  i.ie  muliihcfJ  cord; 
I  aliirriily  this  closes  after  birth.  Sometimes  ti;is  remains  open 
in  ntw-tKJtn  caives,  and  allowh  a  part  of  the  IkjwcI  to  slip  through 
tilt  ci)ennig,  con.-.titutinK  what  i^.  called  umbilical  her-iia,  or  rup- 
I  '.ire 

Cii;i.^es. — In  a  '.ew-N.r-  rini;;jal,  in  wliicb  the  accident  occurs, 
ihe  opening  is  tor.  large,  .  .  does  not  close  a';  it  should,  and  a 
}x>itioii  of  the  it;te.stine  ]  a:>ses  tlircr.gh  it.  May  be  caused  by 
iciiRhly  pulling  away  the  conl;  by  kicks,  or  blows,  on  belly;  by 
any  severe  sttainrig  which  affects  the  n-ive!. 

SvDiptoms. — lliere  is  an  enlargement  at  the  navel,  and  by 
laying  the  animal  on  liis  back,  and  working  it  with  (he  hand,  the 
III  wcl  can  be  j)nslied  ])aek  and  the  oj)ening  felt. 

TkI.ATMI'N"''     - 

It  is  veil  to  bear  in  mind  that  many  of  the  smaller  n:ptures 
will  he.al  ^f  themselves— nature  efficts  the  cure.  As  animal 
■rows  older  the  niusck-'  on  the  svks  of  tlu-  opening  gc  stronger 
nd  resist  pressure,  bowel-  grow  larger,  and  do  not  so  easily  pa; 
'.lircngh  opening,  so  that  from  a  coir.l-inaticn  of  causes  there  is  a 
■.;radual  closing  of  tlie  navel.  When  tlnre  \s  no  evidence  of  self- 
dosing,  the  calf  should  be  laid  on  its  back,  and  if  ruptun  Iocs 
tint  return  mlc  bcllv,  the  reduction  may  be  brought  a!jou.  by 
:.;ent]e  handling  When  this  is  done,  clip  the  hair  from  around 
the  parts,  and  apply  a  compress  of  .cii  to  twelve  j-ards  of  linen, 
I't  cotton,  bandagnig  as  directed  in  vcf.tral  hernia.  Or,  "-"  a 
handage  having  in  it  some  elastic  webbing;  this  keeps  tlie  banuage 
tight,  regardless  of  the  movements  of  tlie  aiiiiiial.  In  case  there 
is  adhesion,  so  that  the  intesliius  canno'  be  put  back,  tb.c  skin 
must  be  laid  open  with  a  knife  in  th.  long  direction,  and 
adhesions  carefully  separated,  aiul  after  the  prrtruning  parts  have 
been  put  bock,  the  sides  of  the  umbilicus  fieshei.ed  by  cutting, 
;ind  then  edges  of  wound  brou  !it  together  with  catgut  stit  acs 
and  the  wound  in  the  skin  .sewed  with  si' •  Bandage  w  ilIi  a  plain, 
or  elastic,  bandage,  and  dress  wound  dail;. .  See  princi-^li  for,  in 
Oi'EKATio\-s.  IIOK.SK  DrpahtmrnT,     Another  plan  is  lo  cnrd  the 


40? 


TIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


F  ■     ^ 


piuliilotic  p., Mini,  „f  t},,.  skin-aftct  returning  the  intestities, 
Katli.r  up  tlie  kx>st  skiu  and  tit-  a  string  around  it,  close  to  tla- 
»>ody;  tit  light  i-i,ot.^h  so  it  will  not  slipofi.  Tliis  will  likely 
'I.Kkcn  m  ii  ftw  d:,y-,  ulnu  anew  iikcc  should  he  ai.j)litd,  just 
:ii"iv.- the  fir-^t  one.  Tliis  sits  vp  inflammation  and  causes  the 
t(l!;es  to  adliere,  and  l.y  the  time  the  .skin  IkIow  the  tie  has  lost 
its  vitality  and  diopivd  ofT,  the  uml.ilicns  is  closed -ind  there  is 
no  (hiii-er  ot  the  !..,wel  coming-  down.  vSonietimes  adhesion  does 
r.ot  fake  place,  ti,e  t-k;n  sloughs,  and  the  last  state  is  worse  than 
the  first;  this  is  due  to  tying  the  string  too  tit;lit  and  s!oU};liin),' 
loo  <iuickly,  or  to  the  cdsjesof  the  uml.ilicns  heinsr  so  healed  over 
l\un  they  will  not  unite,  which  niiplit  he  the  case  if  the  hernia 
has  hevn  inescnt  for  some  time.  With  these  old  hernias  the  l)est 
treaiimnl  is  to  cut  in,  raw  the  edges  and  sew  up.  and  then  use 
the  compress  and  handoge 

INGUINAL  HERNIA.— Inftuinal  hernia  is  caused  hy  a 
loop  nf  the  intestine  passing  down  into  Die  inguinal  canal— the 
canal  leadiuf;  from  the  alidomcn  down  into  tlie  scrotum,  in  which 
lies  the  spermatic  cord.  This  accident  is  mure  a])t  to  occur  in 
hulls,  although  it  may  happen  in  steers.  It  rarely  occurs  The 
Ix.'wel  becomes  strangulated,  an.l  the  condition  is  only  recognized 
when  this  occurs,  .ind  then  the  following  symptoms  are  presented. 
The  animal  becomes  restless,  stamps  with  his  feet,  lies  down  and 
gtts  up,  kicks  U  his  belly,  looks  at  his  flank,  etc.  With  these 
s\ini.tcins  an  examination  should  be  made  through  the  rectum. 
I'ass  the  hand  into  the  r.clun.  and  feel  along  the  front  border  of 
liie  jK'lvic  floor,  and  if  tl:e  condiiion  exists,  the  Ixjwel  can  be  felt 
entering  the  canal  a  little  to  one  side  of  the  center  and  just  in 
front  of  tile  pelvic  border;  the  swollen  condition  of  the  bowel  will 
help  recognize  it. 

Tk'i-:\t.mk\7.— 

Place  the  animal  with  the  hind  feet  higher  than  the  front, 
and  remove  the  bowel  from  the  canai  by  ]nil]ing  upni  it  After 
removing  the  lx>wel,  if  a  steer,  and  ready  for  the  market,  dispose 
of  him,  or  fat  as  soon  as  possible,  as  accident  may  re-occur.  If  a 
bull,  and  it  re-occurs,  castrate  as  for  scrotal  hernia. 


•-*flBr"^^i»«"».i:ii»r>#f  rw  ■MPwnrsratKO^BWsr  ^ 


•  tV. :  ■ 


t.  i 


nisr-Asi'S  OF  catti.k 


403 


SCROTAL  HERNIA.— Tliis  is  a  hcrni.i  in  wliiih  ila- 
|.n\v>.l  pa^-.c'S  ilowti  thtciiKli  lliL' iiiKuiiial  canal  into  the  ?>cn>lnRi 
Willi  malo  rahi's  tlif  coiulitii'n  i^  vonii-tiino  i>riscnt  at  birtii,  ami 
later  on  j,ra'litally  ixdtici-s  it.-clf  liv  the  cma!  ilo-<ini;  ami  crowil- 
iii;;  HkImiwcI  otil;  or,  llit-  comlition  may  a-ntinm.-,  tlu'ianal  luing 
lar^u  cnon^h  to  allow  tliv  fci.rs  to  pa^s  tlir(>ii.L;h  the  loop  of  the 
howd  without  Lein^  ol)struct(.d,  or  it  may  hecouic  strangulated 
and  cause  serious  trouble. 

Svinf^li'iiia. — The  scrotinn  is  larger  tliai.  it  should  Ik.'. 
eslKci  illy  on  one  side  ;  liy  feeling  of  it,  it  is  found  to  contain  a 
tuasmnider  the  testicle,  and  hy  laying'  the  animal  on  his  hack  the 
howe!  can  Ik.-  worked  hack  into  the  abdomen.  The  condition 
m;'y  exist  fur  a  lonj^  time  and  cau>e  no  apparent  inconvenience, 
or  the  bowil  may  become  strangulated  at  any  time  and  cause 
.  vmptoms  as  with  inguinal  hernia. 

'i  Kl-.ATMi:.\T. — 

Castrate  the  animal  by  tlic  covered  operation,  the  same  as 
lecommeiided  for  the  colt  or  pig  afTccled  with  this  tnjuhl'.-. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HEART  AND   BLOOD 
VESSELS. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  PERICARDIUM - 
PERICARDITIS.— This  is  an  inflammntion  of  the  sac  or  mem- 
brane enclosing  the  heart,  and  it  i.s  ctten  associated  with  pneu- 
iiu.iiia,  pleurisy,  rheunuitism.  and  ether  constitutional  diseases. 
It  also  occurs  as  an  independent  aflection,  due  to  causes  similar 
to  those  of  other  diseases  of  the  chest,  such  as  cold,  or  dampness, 
and  changes  of  the  weather. 

Sympfoms.—li  may  be  ushered  in  by  a  chill,  followed  by 
fever  ci  more  or  less  severity;  tlie  animal  stands  still  and  dull, 
with  hanging  head  and  an  anxious  expression.  Pulse  may  be 
large,  i)erhaps  hard;  there  is  also  a  venous  pulse.  Hand  against 
chest   will   feel  beati?ic  of  heart,  which  Is  irregular,  sometimes 


L.jT.' 


_■  .,:*■    ■  ■'*•    '\  ■    ■'  »  •,,'■,■>.  ..    .J»"*j  • 


:?:i]P> 


404 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ml 


J " 


I:  ■. 


vu.k.nt.  then  anam  weak.  Legs  .re  cold:  hreath.,,^'  ouickened 
a.«l    usually    rd,domi,.aI;    tapping  or  strikin,  left  ^le  of    H  ^i 

'^  the  nnseks  ,nay  occm-  „,  re,M.,n  of  breast,  neck,  or  hind  legs 
i  c.  a  tnne,  winch  w  varyi„.  in  le„gt;:.  I,;,,  ,„,y  ,,,,„  ^[^ 
••vu.:„«   .vnvnppeat   nn.Ier  d,est  a,ul  hris^t.     In   first  stages 

the  ear  apphe,    t.  ehe-t  will  lu.,r  a  t„.a.,l-fro  friction  sound    cor! 

responchng  to  the  heats  of  mart;  when  exudation  into  heart  sac 

takes  place   he  so,„,,l  ,s  :u,i  Inard.  an,I  will  not  he  until  fluid  is 

nl.-l.e,Isnlne,ent,.- to  allow  M.rfaaslocme  together  again  A 
-.nn,n-,ng  so„„d  hke  that  n.ade  l.v  hellows  sonieti,n;s  takes 
P  uv  of  fr,et,on  so„„d,  which  in.hcates  that  the  endocardium,  or 
K.,rt  hn>n,,  ,s  also  involved.  The  friction  sound  in  pleuris;  is 
■lea.o  n,  consonance  with  hreathin^..  so  there  is  no  need  ineon- 
InsiiiL-  tl)e  symptoms,  if  one  is  careful. 

T\j':A';"\n:\'r.  - 

\y],e.,  this  disease  is  associated   with  other  diseases    these 
must  l.e  treated  as  directed  m  .lescriplion  of  them.      Keen  animal 
...  a  .,met,  eomfortal.le  phuv,  free  from  e.xciten,ent.    Clothe  hodv 
wann  y  and  h  nul-rul.  the  kgs  until  calculation  is   re-estal.lished 
and  then  s„„   ,,.   ,,,,„,,,^,      ,.-^.^,    ^.^^j,-^,,^    ^^^,^,    ._^    ^^  ■ 

amount  .■  t  .he  lK,inning,  give  a  mild  purgative  of  i  to  ir< 
I^>nn.ls„l  I.,.nn  Salts,  dissolved  in  a  .purt  of  warm  wate; 
Otherwise  ;;i.e  !,„  .ame  tteatment  as  reconnnended  lor  this  dis- 
■■as.>,n  the  lu,r.e,  rememhering  that  the  .lose  for  cattle  is  one 
a...  one-hah  to  two  ti.ues  the  dose  for   the  horse  (see  pa^e  2:,4). 

INFLAMMATION  OF  VEINS     PHLEBITIS 

'  ""MS--  hunn  hk.ding  without  projKT  care,  or  with  unclean 
Learn  or  lancet:    hv  a„in,al  rnl,hing   th.    wound    against  some 

Sv'^ffifoms  -When  inflammation  follows  the  operation  the 
coals  Of  the  vtms  become  enlarged,  so  nuich  so  that  the  ve.ssel 
nia>  u  felt,  hard  an<l  knotted  beneath  the  skit,,  and  when  pressed 
•".  pan.  i.s  diown.  A  thin,  watery  discharge,  blood  tin-ed  issues 
from  woiuKl      ""  ■  ■  


When  pin  is  taken  out  it  is  .seen  that  wound  li 


as 


.  jB;„i^^^^^^^j 


■JISICASICS  ()!•  CATTI.I'; 


4f>.S 


not  healed  ;  the  ■■.  <d  becomes  anigiilatccl  in  the  vessel,  and  in 
inflammation  of  the  iugular,  the  coagulation  extends  from  wound 
upward  to  first  large  branch.  Ahsccbseh  may  form  along  vein, 
f  he  inflammation  is  followed  by  obliteration  of  that  part  of  vein  in 
Ahich  coagulation  exists.  This  is  of  small  un{X)rt,  as  cattle  have 
m  accessory  jugular  vein  which  gradually  enlarges  and  thus  fits 
Itself  for  increased  amount  of  blood  it  must  carry. 

fuRATMENT. — 

The  treatment  for  inflammation  of  the  vein  is  the  same  in 
jattle  asm  horses  (see  page  23'^),  As  bleeding  is  very  rarely 
practiced  now,  this  co!idition  is  not  mj  frequently  seen  as  for- 
merly, when  animals  were  bled  for  nearly  everything. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVER  AND  SPLEEN. 


YELLOWS,  OR  JAUNDICE;  CONGESTION  OF 
I  HE  LIVER.— 

Causes. — Congestion,  or  inflamr.iation  of  the  liver;  from  bile 
•lones  forming  in  the  duct  of  the  liver,  ol«tructiiig  the  flow  of 
bi'.e.     It  is  most  common  iu  stall-fed  cattle. 

Symptoms. — Pressure  along  the  msrgin  of  the  short  ribs  on 
the  nght  side  produces  pain;  ajjpjtite  is  jx)or,  and  animal  shows 
hardly  any  inclination  to  drink;  mucoas  metnhraiies  of  the  niotith 
and  eyes  are  yellow,  the  urine  has  a  jtUow  or  brown  ."ppearance, 
and  animal  lies  down  much,  and  moves  with  great  reluctance, 
moans  occasionally,  and  has  a  staggering  gait.  Tlie  horns  and 
ears  are  cold;  in  cov.'s  the  secretion  of  milk  is  much  dnninishcd, 
and  that  which  is  secreted  has  a  bitter  taste;  sometimes  tlie 
auiuia;  aas  a  dry,  painful  cough,  and  presents  a  dull,  stupified 
.ippeaianee. 

Trkatme-nv.— 

To  produce  a  free  action  of  the  Ixiwels,  and  remove  the 
usually  congested  condition  of  the  portal  vein  and  liver,  give  I'/t 


IHJttW::!-; 


m 


n 


•Hi 


jl'i 


'  .     ! 


1  ^i- 


h   ''V  ^ 


<p6  THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

pciUDdsof  >.ps<.ra  Salts,  dissolved  in  water,  and  nftci  the  effect 
ha.s  worked  oli.  ^'ve  4  ounces  ot  Gl;.ubtrs  Saks  -ncli  da.v;  aside 
from  this  j^ive  the  treatment  as  for  the  liorse.  remeiii'>Lrniy  that 
the  dose  is  one  and  one-halt  to  two  times  as  large  ior  cattle  as 
for  the  horse  (.see  pa,i^e  131). 

INFLAMMATION  OF  TH£  LIVER-HEPATITIS. 

—This  is  a  more  advanced  sta.ec  .ji  vun-;<-stiGn  <.l'  tl:e  liver.  It  is 
frequently  re.-,tricted  lu  a  spccird  part  i;f  ih;  li\er  and  the  rest  of 
the  organ  luaj-  be  comparatively  health:..  The  gland  cells  are 
the  seat  of  inflammation,  and  uh-^cjss  formation  is  the  result 
Syiiip/o/ns.  -The  s}mptumi  are  .st^mttinie.',  ohscuie,  and  their 
real  .significance  is  frequently  .--...1  looked.  The  mo.si  prominent 
sj  inpto;ns  are  yellowness  of  ll-.e  '.vlMie  of  the  eye,  and  membrane 
hnin-  the-  mouth;  the  ap.petite  is  jwor;  the  body  pre.v.i.ts 
an  emaciated  apixarance.  l.^it  the;c  is  tre^itiently  fullness  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen.  Tlie  .i^it  ih  weak,  and  aninial 
lies  d.nvn  more  than  usual,  and  wlnle  doing  so  often  ^a^,  the  lie-ad 
turned  around  resting  on  the  si.leof  the  chest. 

TkKATMI'NT. — 

Give : 

Sulpliate  of  ScHla i^  ;k>wA. 

T.ii.ixacum 1^  iiiixv. 

Ttpidvvatei  2  ...ui.-u 

A/i.\,  and  gu  c  as  one  .luhe.  Rejjoit  tV.i ,  niv  hi 
and  nioniing  until  -,  relaxed  coii.liHoii  ot  Hie 
Ivnvels  i.!  prwlivitd. 

The  object  i-;  not  1  strong  p-nrgation,  but  a  laxative  effect, 
which  should  be  coiUniUrd  >evetal  d.iys.  After  treatment  has 
been  continued   for  .several  da\s    -ive  tlie  following - 

Qui"i°<^ -.. I    ;ra<ini.. 

N'itro-miiiialie /vcid ....  i  dj-ycliiii. 

Shake  up  ;u  ."i  qu.'irt  of  enM  wule:. 

This  do.,e'  .should  be-  gnen  thrie-  Uine,s  a  a  i> 

until  tlie  animal  h.is  ro>/,au'.  1  in-,  .-.to-riL;!!;. 

Rub  Turpentine  liniment  well  in,  once  a  day  over  tlie  region 
of  the  liver,  on  the  right  side.  I{.v.trei)ie  hjat,  and  pastuiiug 
ajumals  on  lowdving  ground,  are  conditions  fa\oi  ihle  to  the  pro- 
duction of  this  disease. 


DISKASKS  OF  CATTI.Iv 


407 


FLUKE  DISEASE  IN  CATTLE  WORM  IN  THE 
LIVER.-- This  occurs  in  cattl..-  and  sliccp  pasUirint;  ou  low- 
lyiii^'  lands,  and  is  more  often  met  witli  in  rainy  seasons.  Not 
met  vvitl-.  except  in  a  few  lf)calitics  in  this  conntry. 

Cause.— U  a  parasite,  called  the  fiukc,  or  I-asciofa  Hepaaca, 
which  infests  th.e  biliary  ducts  of  the  liver.  TIk-  inniialnre  forms 
are  taken  up  in  the  drinking'  vater,  or  in  «ra/in;.,',  in  this  wr-y 
passing  to  the  stomach,  and,  chanj;iiij4  their  forms,  finally  find 
hKlKMnent  in  the  liver.  When  the  full  development  stage  is 
reached,  the  fluke  pa.sses  out  in  the  excret.i,  and  its  eggs,  by  the 
agency  of  moisture,  hatch,  and  the  ioung  fluke  passes  through 
a  number  of  changes  before  it  infests  other  cattle.  * 

Svmp/oi,is.—\]i>on  first  entering  the  liver,  when  the  flukes 
are  small,  they  seem  to  stinudate  its  action  and  the  animal 
seemnigly  thrives  better  than  ever:  but  when  the  flukes  attain 
their  growth  and  are  present  in  large  numbers,  thev  set  up  an 
inflammation  of  the  organ.  The  liver  becomes  .soft  an<l  verv 
easily  broken  down.  Animal  becomes  dull  and  weak:  swellings 
form  under  the  throat.  Mucous  membranes  become  j'ellow,  skhi 
harsh  and  dry.  Fever,  with  great  emaciation  and  dropsical 
accumulations  in  the  chest  and  belly,  follow,  which  is  soon  in  turn 
followed  by  death.  Upon  p(«L-mortem  the  parasites  arc  found  m 
the  liver:  small,  flat  worms. 

Tki:,\t.mk.\t. — 

I  •  of  no  avail.  Affected  animal  should  be  killed  at  once,  and 
unaflVcterl  cattle  should  be  moved  to  a  liigiier  ami  dryer  pa.sUire. 
Hordes  are  unaffected  with  this  di.sease.  and  can  be  put  into  a  lot 
where  cattle  have  been  attacked. 


DISEASE  OF  THE  SPLEEN. -While  the  spleen  is 
sometime-  affected  with  disease,  a.-,i;le  from  those  conditions  of  it, 
which  are  the  result  of  other  disorders,  yet  the  symptoms  which 
llie  animal  presents  are  so  uncharacteristic  that  it  is  almost,  if 
iii>t  quite,  impossible  to  diagnose  disorders  of  the  organ  during 
life.  About  a.,  that  can  be  done  is  to  treat  symiHoms,  in  cases  of 
this  kind,  where  a  diagnosis  cannot  be  made.  Laxatives,  tonics, 
and  fever  mixtures  are  generally  in  order. 


is 

i^ 

k.-^ 

^^ 

.|<  >H 


THJ;  I'KACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


DISEASES  OF  THE  URINARY  ORGANS 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  KIDNEYS-NEPHRI- 

r<//o«.      ].:xtern,'il    viol.ncv,    wounds,    strains,    etc.;    eating 
:icrul,  churL-lic  plants;  ar.i  inn  f,ve  n.^c  of  diuretic  iu«liciuL-s. 

.VwA/Aw-.     -Hi.  rather  rart- in  cattle    When  it  occurs    there 
are  colicky  panis,  with  .t;reat   uneaM^e^s,    the  urine  is   thick  and 
dark  colored,  and  v.;.de<l  often   ar.d  in  small  quantities,  and  with 
much   strainiuK    ^d    j)am;   there  is    teiiderue.-s    over    the    loins, 
es[)ecially  at  tlie  sides  immediately  below  the  transverse  spines  of 
the    lumbar    vertebrae;   the    ^ait    is  straddling,   an.l    lameness  is 
notieeable.   >ometimes  in    one   le-  and    sonutimes    in    both;    the 
api)etite  ispoor:   l\  \-er  runs  liiuh;  rumination  ceases;  the  back  is 
arched,  when  st.uidiuv';  sometimes  blood,  and  in   the  later  staj,-es 
I'us,   is  evacnatrd   with   the  urine;    nose  becomes  hot    and  dry, 
horns  and   extremiiies    cld,    and   breathing   labored.      Diarrhea 
often    seis    in   and   .'-ometinies  dysentery;   this  state    bein-    often 
followed  by  eon^lipation.      At  the  last  there  is  profuse  sweating, 
.-'.reat  n.ain:   tlie  pul.-,e  becomes  small  and  weak;  and  stupor  aird 
death  follows. 

TKK.\'r.Mi:\r. — 

I'lrsl,  n-move  the  causes  as  far  as  possible.  Cive  a  fairle 
brisk  inn-ative- fn,m  i  to  i'/  i»nuuU  of  Kpsom  Salts  and  ■- 
quart  of  melted  lard.  Am.'.-  from  this  give  the  same  treatnunt 
omittin;.:  lb.,-  l.ix,iti\e,  as  recommended  for  the  hor.se  (page  i  ,/■!, 
Riving  from  one  and  one-half  to  two  times  the  dose.  Apply  Hi,' 
hot  l)lankets  to  the  loins  and  als<,  the  Mustard  plaster.  The  chronic 
f-rm  of  the  di.-^ease  is  rarely  mtt  with  in  cattle,  but  in  case  it 
should   e.vi.st,  treat  ,,^  f,,r  the  horse. 

DIABETES  INSIPIDUS.  OR  PROFUSE  URINA- 
TION. This  disease  is  charaeien/ed  by  the  excessive  amouut 
of  urine  that  is  passed. 


fj 


DISHASES  OF  CATTLK 


409 


Causes.— I' lom  being  fed  on  swill  food;  from  blood  pressure 
in  the  kidneys;  acrid,  diuretic  plants  taken  with  focxl;  excess  of 
sugar  in  f(xxl;  fro/en  food;  moldj-  or  nnisty  hay  and  fodder; 
alkaline  water  and  alkaline  incrustation  on  the  soil. 

Sim/>/ows.—Thc  large  amount  of  clear  urine  that  is  passed. 
If  allowed  to  contuiue,  animal  becomes  unthrifty. 

Trkat.mi;xt. — 

This  is  mainly  in  the  change  of  did  to  one  more  solid,  and  free 
from  the  cause  of  the  afTection.  Hoiled  I'laxseed  is  very  good  in 
:id(liti(;n  to  the  solid,  wholesome,  dry  food,  and  by  way  of  medi- 
cine use  the  following: 

lodi'le  of  Potasli i  ,,in:ce. 

Water  to  niaki 1  iijni. 

Shake.    /)om\-  2  ouiufs,  two  ot  three  liiTios  a 
day. 

One-ounce  doses  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Krgot  twice  a  day  are 
al.so  g(H3d.  To  correct  the  digestive  function,  give  the  Gentian 
and  Xux  Vomica  tonic,  as  for  "Chronic  Indigestion." 

BLOODY  URINE  IN  CATTLE-HAEMATURIA.- 

This  if.  a  comuKm  alTec  tion  ani(uig  cattle  in  certain  localities. 

Caiisrs. —  I'vom  injury  to  loins  or  kidneys  liy  external  vio- 
lence; fn.Hi  active  congestion  of  the  kiihicys  from  calculi;  enting 
acrid  herbage,  and  eating  of  frozen  ro(jts  nay  cause  the  alTectioii. 
II  is  also  a  hymjHom  of  iisenscs  in  which  !he  urinary  organs 
ihcni-elves  are  not  diseased. 

SvM/^/iwis.      It  is  Minplc  h:Kir,.itnii:i  wlicii  bh.od   is  found  in 
'    '  urine  in  ch^ts,  or  when,  uiuUr  the  microsco])e,  the  blood  glo- 
■  'lies  can  be  detected.      It  is  smoky  urine  when   no  distincl    ;!(its 
:  di-^cs  c:in  be  found,  biU  inerelv  a  gener.d  lnov.iiing,  reddening, 
.;  blackening  of  the  urine,  by  presence  of  dis-olved  blood-color- 
i.;g  matter.      If  due  to  gravel,  grilty  jiarticles  are  usually  l>.is~ed, 
a'ld  may  be  found  in  dish  in  w1m\!i  liijuid  i\  caught;   if   fiojn    in- 
jury to  loins,  there  is  likelv  to  be  so'iie  loss  of  cor.tn.l   |.,  limbs, 
and  more  or  less  paraly  -is  of  the  l.iil.     If  without  biood  globules, 
it   likely   results  from   other  discrises,  from  n  ntating  plants,  and 


-»'"_ T"''J:RACTICAL  STOCKDOCTOR 

from  eating  fr<«e„  roots.     There  may  be  fever  oT^^^^"^ 
rncs.  of  al,.l,H„e„   o„  pressure,  and  with  or  without   m  rked 
paleness  of   nn.cuns  membranes,  and   ^^cMieral  weaknos.s    Tv, 
■rcet  in,„ry  to  kuineys  .s  the  cause,  uHne     '.ut^Z^ 

^' ;::.;::;  :^"'?f-V'r'  ""•  '""^"  ^^"*""'«'  '^''-^- 

■-  a  u,,ter>  !,lood  from  lack  of  nourishment,  fever  is  absent  and 
-  water  ,s  a,  fir^t  the  onh-  syn,pton.  When  cansf^  Cn 
'Han,  plants,  th.-re  will  be  abdominal  tenderness  col^s  ind 
other  si.ns  of  bowel  inflammation.  '    ""^ 

Tk;i;.\tm!:n  ; . 

This  will  .iqxn,!  .vhether  cause  has  been  a  direct  irritant 
op.rann.on  .,!,..  i„  vigorous  health,  or  from  s"m  ca  "^ 
ac-..n..  on  an  annual  .iefuient   in  blood  and  vigor.      In   the   fi^ 

'■   ^l-r   ,lK.   bow.l.   and    alla>-   fever.     Someti.nes   ,l,is    with   a 

':m;:^'"7'•^'''•'r'^^ >.  win  bean  that  is^r'd^ 

^1  i  laxse^'l  and  wheat  bran  i.  es,„.ciallv  good 

-  VomSh'  '■'"■^'V''^""-^'  ^-•'^  '-'^'--l""  closes  of  Fhnd 

-    nn'    aday!         '  "      '  '"'"'"''  ^^''"''°''  '"^'I'^'^^^''^  '^^'^^  ^^ 

AK.  apply  ho,  fonu.n,a,ions  over  the  loins.     In  cases  due  to 

-■•J  or   fra,,nred  Ion.,  ,o  inflan.ed  kidn.ys,  or  to  stone,  or 

I.    !.■-     reatn.en,  nn.^t  W  for  the  j-articlar  di.sease  in  c,nes- 

.        .ron.  an:.„„a.  or  w,-,tery  blood,  whether  from  badly 


nir 


or  .'.111-- 


■"s.  c-r    r  .mrunnin.1,^  on  marshy  soil,  treatment  must 

st.mnlatmg.     Rich,  al„nulan,,  and  dige.^tible  food 

A.^o,  as  a  tome,  the  j.r.parations  as  for  "Chronic 

f:'  some  eas,.s,  i„  adduion  to  fore-oini;,  r-<lrachm 

-nn.,.n.,„„,sadayarcof  value.      Where  simply 

of  so„:e  u>^.a.c,   not  directly  affeetinj.  ,h„    „ri„ary 

at  a>  tor  diM-.a.c  cansiii-  the  condition. 

ALBUMEN  IN   THE   URINE    ALBUMENURIA - 

In.  ..  very  s.milar  to  Iiri,hfs  disease  in  ,1k-  lunnan  being  ; 
not  Very  lonnnon.  '^ 

ru.y  aHr'fr^'"'""''  '""^"""^''-'  "^  '^^^  Sidneys,  which  in  turn 

a>  .tr,.c  from  ^■ar>ons  cau.ses.     The  long  cr,„tinue<l  u.se  of  poor 

food  n,ay  cause  the  disease.    Injury  to  the  luins  nun v  also  cauS^" 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLK 


411 


Sj»f />/iVn a.  -'^'hvn  trouble  arises  from  injury  to  the  loins, 
back  will  be  arched  and  feet  drawn  toj;ether,  but  in  ordinary 
cases  the  most  conunon  and  characteristic  symptom  is  stretching 
:it  full  length  and  getting;  the  hind  and  fore  feet  as  far  apart  as 
possible.  Cienerally  there  is  constipation,  straddling  gait,  stifT- 
!Hss  and  disinclination  to  move.  To  test  the  urine  for  albumen, 
li')il  a  little  in  a  tube,  or  Iwttle,  and  it  Ix-comes  cloudy;  let  it  cool 
and  then  add  a  little  Xitric  Acid,  and  if  it  siill  remains  cloudy  it 
i->  due  to  albumen;  if  the  cloudiness  clears  up,  it  was  due  to  other 
causes.  Death  nmv  result  from  paralysis  of  hind  parts,  from 
Modd  ]^)isouing,  or  from  coma  (stupjr). 

Tki:.\tmi;nt. — 

Will  usually  be  directed  to  the  disease  on  which  it  is 
dvpendcnt.  In  the  absence  of  any  other  recogni/at)le  disease, 
MUKilaginous  drinks  of  lx)iled  T'laxseed,  Slipi)ery  Ivlm,  or  Otmi 
may  be  gi\'en,  Tatniio  Acid,  |j  drachm,  twice  lai  y,  and  foinen- 
lations  or  even  Mtistard  p<Miltice?.  over  the  loins.  When  the 
■li-^ease  is  chronic,  and  there  is  no  attendant  fever  (elevation  of 
teni])erature),  tonics  ( IlNilrochloric  Acid,  '>  drops  in  a  pint  of 
water;  Phosphate  of  Iron,  2  drachms,  or  >uli)hate  of  (^uinnie,  2 
ih  ichms,  repeated  twice  daily ;  may  I«e  used.  In  all  ca--es,  the 
paliiiit  should  be  kept  caivfully  from  to!  1  and  wet;  a  warm,  Iry 
■^hvil:  or,  in  v.-arni  w.-.Uher,  a  dry,  sunny  yard  or  pasture  lx.iug 
I  sped. illy  desirable. 

RETENTION  OF  THE  URINE     DYSURIA. - 

("('//w.?  — May  bo  bronght  about  by  eating  acrid  foixl,  causing 
inflanini.ition  of  tln'  urniarv  organs,  and  irritability  anil  spasms  of 
ilic  neck  of  tlic  bladder.  May  be  due  to  a  c  dculns  in  the  urethra, 
preventing  the  llov.-.  Tumors  ]>ressing  in  t.'ie  urethra  may  cause 
;t.  The  two  most  rnm;ii<>'i  laus.s  in  cattle  are  spasms  of  the 
tuck  of  the  bladder,  and  calculi.  Paralysis  of  the  1/ladder  may 
Sf)inetimes  l)e  a  ciuse. 

Syi/rp/o/z/s.-  Tht.vi^- are  frti'uenl  anu  nsefTectual  attempts  to 
pass  urine,  with  ,-trainiiig  and  colicky  pains.  The  animal  keepfi 
■^Ujjping  with  his  iinul  legs.  Shows  ]iain  by  groaning,  is  off  feed. 
I'.-,  ■x.-tmining  through  liie  iii  tuni,  the  blidder  is  found  t<;  be 
lull  of  mine.     See  the  same  disea.se  in  the  horse 


*3 


:?       ! 


!'. 


r 


1«f 


la  i 


II  .. 


412 


Tlli,  ijKACTlCAi,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Tki:  \  IMKNT.  — 

^--.idh  ^^:;:-.  r'"'"^/^"" "-  --p'--  of  .he  i , 

cans.      U^        :  .;      '::r  :    ^'l'  "^  "^  ■■^^■^  f^"-  -'-^eve 

anin,al:  wu,    ,   ^  :  :\      ^  "  H^;      H^  '"  "'""'"  ^^■'''^-  "- 
strnct.un  is  1  c  >1  ,  ,  '  ""^  oiKTatio,,,  but  if  the  ob- 

catheter  pa...,  f,..„  „     '    J  "  T'  '"'T  ^'"  ?""=^'  -"'  ^^- 

point   -ui'l   the  ..„I  .    '      '  "'"  C'-^'^-i'Ii'^  >s  between  this 

t-np.,rar  .      If  „  ;"V""""  ^"^^  "1-'^- will  ailonl  o„,y 

K-aK     Tl.       V      ;,       "■'  ;'"""""^   '■"■-''<''   t'><^  cut  uutil  it 
calen'n.      :.:;■,    :,'r'"''^  ''^■^'^■■"  ^'^  -'-f  -  to  locate  the 

*M-.,  th. ::;;;:::.';::;;:;:-::.;:: ''--.  the  catheter 

■■''"".'4-   the   11, nr  ru-   ,1,,   v„Iv,    I.'m    f        ■'       "  fi-K'-T  «s  passed 

i"'"  "-•  "r.tl,n.,  i.    .,  ,  ;      :  ■  ^%:f';^.  '•--'-  tl-  opening 

Passh.^Ml...,  .Iht.rit    „  .  "'   <lq>rossion,  and    i„ 

h...  „l,c<   /""-^'-'^''.^"^^'■^""■^  n.steaci  of  the  uretlira;  to  ,.et 

-^iinnlv    -    Hi,  .        '"■''"  '"^  ''"■■<-'  t'>,":ether,  separate'!   l.v 

..".«t^' ■:::^::■:;;■,™■'^^ ''''-■*'""'•«'•«-. I.'- 

P'a.l.ler."  ^'"'"■^  '''"^l   ^'""^'  '"    the 

c»"^i.^•rwM),o  .H,.,  .,j:,:,';:,;^:;;:,,;r;;H;r'' "■"""" 

^-».- -p,,.,l.,.,i,  „,„„.,„,„,,„„„,,  „„,k  „,„,.  ,,,,„,,,^^ 


I#! 


disi;asi<:s  uf  cattij? 


-in 


Tkkatmknt.— 

Tlic  same  as  for  the  same  disease  witli  tlie  horne  (page  139), 
I  lie  (lose  of  the  drugs  used  hciiiK  nearly  twice  as  lar>;e. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BLADDER  —  CYSTI- 
TIS.— Tiiis  is  iiit1amiiiatii)n  of  the  liLidikr,  aileetiu^'  mure  espe- 
'.lally  the  nuieous  nieinbraiif  liniiii;  the  same. 

Causes.-  Any  deraiigeiiieiit  '  f  the  (!i..^c-siive  orj^atis  is  apt  to 
■hatiKC  the  character  of  the  urine,  mikini;  it  acid  and  irritatiiij? 
mstead  of  alkaline,  as  in  health.      In  oilar  instances,  cystitis  is 
caused  hy  eating  iHjisf)nous  j)lants,  hy  calculi,  and  incautious  use 
')i  diuretic  medicines.     Retention  of  the  urine  will  also  cause  it. 

Syiii/itoma. — The  animal  is  more  or  less  olT  feed;  there  is  a 
n'se  of  temperature;  pulse  accelcrattil:  ;uiimal  .shows  uneasiness, 
.tnd  there  is  fre<iuent  passing  of  urine  in  '•mall  qu.mtities,  or  many 
Innes,  the  attempt  to  J)ass  will  he  wil'u.ut  le-idls,  tlie  Madder 
iK-ing  empty,  hut  the  sensation  chi^-  to  the  inllimniation  is  the 
s.iine  as  when  mine  is  present.  The  urine  that  is  ]>assed  is  hot 
and  high  colored,  and  contain-,  miRU^.  lis  examining,  through 
the  ledum,  the  bladder  will  he  i,,,;:  i  |,  1..  ..ii  ili.e.  I'nle-.s 
relieved  the  ;mimal  I)ec,,nie.-,  \eis  Wv.ik,  fi  vei  high,  pid.se  Weak, 
and  death  follow^. 

TrK.'VTMKNT. — 

(live  a  mild  purgative— i  to  1  '4  jioundsof  i:pv>m  -,alts-  and 
a~ide  from  tliis,  the  treatment  .1-  recommended  tor  tin  hor>e  with 
llie  same  disorder  (page  1  s  .^  I'se  the  Linseed  tea  ni  place  of 
u.iter  for  the  drink.  .!pi)ly  the  h',.t  M.mket^,  and  ilii^h  out  the 
lil.idder  in  the  cow  (in  the  mile  this  will  have  toheomilted);  and 
i!-i/  the  drugs  w ith  the  dose  increased 

GRAVEL  AND  STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER-CAL- 
CULI. In  cattle  there  are  sonu  lunes  found  one  or  more  hard 
lunijjs  of  material,  commonly  calleil  "stones"  or  "giavel." 
Tlie\-  may  occur  in  the  lilidd.r,  in  the  kidneys,  01  in  the  duct 
1'  iding  frtjuj  tile  Mailder  to  the  .■uiwi.ie.  cnlkd  the  un  ihra.  Tluy 
are  I'omposed  of  sails,  Usually  eonl.iinuig  lime,  deposited  by  tlie 
urnie  in  the  form  of  concretions.     They  vary  in  bi/e  from  that  of 


P!iM-!ii! 


414 


THIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


shot  t<;  that  of  a!i  cuK.  '""l  '»  most  v:asis  llicy  arc  si  ill  and  irreg- 
ular in  lurm.  'rLchnica'Iy,  when  ia  thi.  !>!.iihli.r,  ihcy  an.-  Known 
as  "cystic  calculi" 

6>w/)A'wv. --These  vary,  hut  in  general  there  is  irritation 
and  difhculty  in  passi!i>;  the  urine,  the  animal  standing  and 
straining  after  ii:i-.sing  it.  The  urine  often  contains  a  little  blood 
and  iniicus.  Thy  may  can^e  inflanunati<Mi  of  I'lc  !)ladder  and  we 
thtii  gel  symptcuns  of  ilia'  iiseasc.  If  tiie  howtls  are  emptied  liy 
an  injection,  tliey 'au  >on;<.liinLS  be  felt  if  the  oili  d  hand  is  pas^ed 
into  the  rectum  ar.d  ai>plied  to  the  bladder,  which  lies  just 
below  it  on  llie  front  jviri  of  tlie  iK-lvic  iloor.  In  some  sections 
tlu  disease  is  common,  while  it  i>.  rare  in  ot'^ers.  The  reasons 
for  this  are  not  defnulely  known,  i>ut  arc  thought  to  be  ah-.(x-ialed 
with  an  excess  of  mineral  substances  in  the  fixwl  and  water.  If 
the-  calculus  is  in  the  u.ethra  <t  produces  obstruction  to  the  flow 
of  urine. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

The  truit'ient  i-.  the  s.snie  as  for  the  hoise  (page  1-56).  If 
tlu  acid  treatment  is  used,  tlu  dose  1  one  and  out -half  tint  gi\en 
to  the  h'  •^^•.  If  an  o]Kration  isnee<.-  aiy,  it  is  [jeifornied  the 
same  as  in  the  ho:   e  and  r'-i^uircr.  a  v^.  :l!  inariui). 


CALVING  (PARTURITION)  AND  DISEASES 
ATTENDANT. 

(For  il!u?lratiuiis  .-ce  p,-gc  S.^;  folldwinq  iivlrx  ) 


HOW  TO  TELL  WHEN  A  COW  IS  WITH  CALF. 

—  Ordinarily  when  the  cow  is  in  peifect  health  slie  will  come  in 
heat  every  third  W(  ek,  when  not  jiregnant.  If  a  cow  remains 
for  three  or  six  weeks  ater  service  without  showing  signs  of 
heat,  slie  is  probably  with  calf.  There  are  exceptional  cases,  but 
this  is  the  rule.  After  taking  service,  and  cow  is  with  caK — 
pregnant — slie  will  cease  coming  in  heat  and  will  thrive  and  feed 
belter,  and  is  of  a  quieter  ui.sjx    iiion  than  l)etore.     xVfter  a  few 


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DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


415 


we  she  commences  to  get  larger  in  the  flanks,  which  is  more 
noticeable  on  the  right  side  on  account  of  the  calf  Ijing  mostly 
on  that  side.  Calf  gradnally  grows,  and  at  the  end  of  the  fifth 
or  sixth  month  can  be  seen  to  move  at  the  side  after  the  cow  has 
taken  a  drink  of  cold  water,  and  by  pressing  the  hand  in  quickly 
at  the  right  flank  one  may  feel  the  calf,  which  is  easily  told  by 
the  sliape  and  solidity  of  the  object.  An  examination  through 
the  rectum  will  show  her  condition.  Springing  begins  in  young 
tows  aljout  fotir  months  before  calving,  and  udder  gradually 
increases  until  parturition,  while  older  cows  "begiu  to  make 
bag"  from  four  to  six  weeks  before  calving. 

THE  PERIOD  OF  GESTATION  IN  COWS.— From 

extended  statistics  it  is  found  that  the  average  period  of  gestation 
in  the  cow  is  2S5  days,  or  about  nine  and  one-half  calendar 
niDiilhs.  A  calf  born  at  the  240th  day  may  live,  and  a  case  is 
rtpurted,  by  an  authority,  as  born  on  the  336tli  day.  In  most 
cases  of  prolonged  pregnancy  the  offspring  was  a  male. 

SYMPTOMS  JUST  PREVIOUS  TO  PARTURI- 
TION.—During  the  last  few  week.s  of  gestation,  the  vulva 
gradually  enlarges,  but  more  noticeably  so  the  last  few  days 
before  parturition,  and  while  the  udder  has  been  gradually  form- 
ing for  three  or  four  weeks,  it  fills  up  more  rapidiy  and  becomes 
nuich  harder  during  the  last  two  or  three  days.  Another  quite 
noticeable  symptom  which  occurs  a  few  hours  before  the  act 
takes  place,  is  the  appearance  of  the  hollows,  one  on  each  side  of 
the  hips,  back  close  to  the  tail.  This  symptom  shows  more 
plainly  u}X)n  the  thinly-muscled  dairy  animals  than  uiwn  the 
tliicker-muscled  beef  animals.  Any  time  after  these  symptoms 
aiii)ear,  the  pains  are  liable  to  come  on,  or  they  may  be  delayed 
for  some  reason  for  a  day  or  two,  and  so  the  animal  should  Ije 
watched  and  given  a  place  where  she  will  be  tmdisturbed  during 
the  act  of  parturition  itself,  and  for  a  little  time  afterwards. 

TROUBLES   MET  WITH  IN  CALVING -(MAL- 

PRESENTATION ^— After  those  symptoms  appear  which 
indicate  that  parturition  is  liable  to  occur  at  any  time,  tlie  animal 
sihould  be  watched  quite  carefully;  not  more  than  four  or  five 


ftl'  ■ » 


416 


TUIC  I'KACTICAI,  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


r.\  >■ 


iKuirs  siiuuld  elaj^e  without  seciiVLC  her.  In  f;ict,  sonietiuius  tlie 
act  occurs  without  iioliceahle  waniiiij)  symplonis,  ami  so  after 
the  normal  period  ..1  .L;cstation,  all  preparations  should  he  made 
fur  licr  comfort:  a  clean,  well-hedded  l)o\  stall,  or  a  place  at 
j)asture,  if  the  wcath.er  is  mild,  neither  too  hot  or  cold,  bj-  her- 
>elf.  The  immediate  symjitoms  tif  partmition  are  the  same  as  in 
the  mare;  the  animal  is  a  little  uneasy;  lies  ilovvn  and  gets  up; 
utters  low  moans:  upon  ,i;ettin^f  up,  turns  arotnid  and  looks 
where  the  hips  were  lyin;<;  back  is  arched,  tail  elevated;  these 
symptoms  indicate  that  the  contractions  of  the  womb  have  con. 
nienced,  and  very  >v')U  the  animal  will  commence  to  strain,  the 
eflorts  gradually  j;^'ttiny  m.)re  severe  as  the  act  progresses.  The 
normal  positions  f<jr  the  calf  are  the  same  as  those  given  for  the 
col!,  and  if  the  position  is  orrect,  the  act  will  generally  be  com- 
pleted without  any  a^^i.slancc.  The  act  is  generally  more  pro- 
longetl  with  tlu  :nw  than  with  the  iiiaie,  often  reipiiring,  when 
everything  i>  s.ama.l,  an  honi  or  more  (see  1-'<).A.I.IN(;,  page  1S2). 
It  the  tuni^  i>  a  little  lar-e,  and  the  throes  are  not  able  to 
e.\i)el  it,  a^..iht  11,.-  aiiinml  a  little  by  t;iknig  hold  and  gently  jnd- 
hiig  when  >l!e  ;:tr:!i;is,  be  -.lire,  howiver,  that  the  presentation  is 
coriect  before  pulling  ;..ny,  heie  is  where  a  gieat  mistake  is  often 
made-  a  part  of  ii;e  nelus  is  j-een  pnjtruding  from  the  vulva,  atid 
it  is  caught  hold  ot  and  jjulleil  ui>ou,  oftentimes  by  two  or  three 
strong  men,  regardle--,  of  the  po-.ition  ot  the  fcctus  This  is  all 
wrong— never  d.j  it. 

If,  after  the  animal  has  labored  an  hour  or  such  a  matter,  no 
app.arent  progress  having  been  made,  make  an  t.xamiualion  and 
deternnne  the  cause.  In  making  the  examination,  follow  care- 
fully the  instructions  for  exanuning  the  mare  Have  the  hand 
and  arm  clean,  the  finger-nails  clean  and  short,  use  the  Carbolized 
lard,  and  be  gentle.  If  the  instructions  are  followed,  the  exami- 
nation can  do  no  po-sible  harm,  and  if  anything  is  wrong  the 
t^ooner  it  i:Aconecled  the  better.  Never  let  an  animal  \ahor  three 
or  four  hours  without  ail  examination.  The  pain  suffered  during 
tiiis  time  is  inhnitcl}-  greater  thu::  lh»'.  '.vliich  •:  lircfui  sxamina- 
tion  wil;  cauhc 

It  1;.  never  best,  when  the  act  is  progressing  faiily  rapid,  to 
lake  the  calf  away  suddenly  by  pulling  uixju  it;  if  this  is  dons 


DISIv ASKS  OF  CATTLE 


417 


the  woiiib  stops  contracting  tea  great  extent,  remains  large  and 
llahby,  and  bleeding  is  apt  to  result. 

If.  ujion  examination,  the  position  is  found  to  be  correct, 
uitlidraw  the  hand  carefully  and  allow  the  act  to  progress  undis- 
turbed; if,  however,  the  position  is  found  to  be  incorrect,  correct 
it  at  at  once,  remembering  the  principles  given  for  correcting  in 
the  mare,  or  if  the  presentation  is  bad,  send  at  once  for  some  one 
of  cxfxjrience,  and  in  ihe  meantime  keep  the  cow  quiet  by  giving 
an  ounce  of  Chloral  Hydrate  in  a  pint  of  water,  or  2  drachms  of 
Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna.  Cover  her  warmly,  and  if  the 
straining  continues  and  is  severe,  place  the  hand  in  the  womb 
and  hold  the  foetus  from  coming  back  fartJier. 

Corrections  are  more  easily  made  with  the  cow  Uian  wifli  the 
mare,  the  neck  and  legs  of  the  calf  not  being  so  long  as  with 
the  colt. 

TiiF.  After  TREA-sjaHNT. — 

After  delivery,  leave  the  mother  with  her  offspring  undis- 
turbed, simply  watching  to  see  that  none  of  the  accidents,  which 
sometimes  follow  the  act,  occur.  Do  not  be  in  a  hurry  to  feed 
her,  she  needs  nothing  for  twentj'-four  hours,  and  then  only  a 
little  laxative  food  for  three  or  four  days,  when  the  feed  may  be 
gradually  increased.  Give  her  a  small  amount  of  water  soon 
after  parturition,  and  a  little  more  every  hour  or  so  f 'terwards, 
until  she  gets  all  she  desires.  Do  not  turn  the  animal  out  in  the 
Lot  sun  for  two  or  three  days  after  calving,  neither  expose  her  to 
cold,  stormy  weather.  With  reg;ird  to  milking  her,  see  "Milk 
Fever"  preventive  treatment. 


DROPSY  OF  THE  WOMB  BEFORE  CAL  (T.^NG — 

This  is  due  to  some  disarrangement  of  the  fetal  envelopes,  and 
there  IS  an  over-abundant  amount  of  fluid  secreted  around  the 
fatus. 

Svmpfoms. — The  belly  gets  larger  and  larger,  until  the  cow 
seems  almost  as  broad  as  long,  and  on  account  of  so  much  fluid 
forming,  she  becomes  weak  and  has  difiiculty  in  getting  up  snd 
moving  abcsat.     Mild  cases  will  simply  give   the  animal  the 

ST 


5'^ THlv  J  KACTICA!,  M'OCK   DOCTOR 

appearance  of  Wu^^  uu-luly  lars.  ..k1  will  cause  no  serious 
troul,k.  tlic  fluid  c•^caIMng  m  the  natural  uiauner  at  the  time  of 
parturition.  "' 

Trbatmknt. — 

There  can  he  hut  little  done  in  this  disea.se  except  to  keen 
up  the  strength  In-  giving  Rood  nourishn.g  food,  and  using  the 
tonics  as  for  ••Chrome  Ir.d,ge.tion,"  unless  it  becomes  so  bad 
that  the  anuna  cannot  -et  around,  in  which  case  the  mouth  of 
the  womb  may  be  gradual]3- oi>cned,  the  fetal  en veloi>es  broken 
and  the  fluui  allowed  to  escape:  this,  of  ex)urse.  will  produce 
al>orion,  or  j.rc  mature  birth  in  case  the  perio.!  of  gestation  is 
nearly  completed. 

PARALYSIS    OF    THE    HIND    QUARTERS    BE 

FORE  CALVING.  This  is  generally  noticed  r,K.or,3f!d" 
and  unhn  ly  c.uvs,  especially  if  exiK.se.i  to  cold  or  wet.  and  is 
caused  by  th.  calf  ,„  the  wumb  preSM.g  on  tlie  nerves  that  go  to 
stippl\-  the  luiid  (jiiartiis  with  jxiwer 

Sm'/y/.ws.     Ate  the  loss  of  j,owet  in  the  hinder  parts      The 

animal    is    unable    tti   t-et    un    but    in    evcrv   „tl-,..-   . 

j,v.i    „j,,  ijui   HI    evtiv    other  v/ay  appears 
normal.  ■'      » t 

TKnAT.MKXT.-  - 

Give  j4-ix)uiid  doses  of  Kpsom  Salts  once  or  twice  a  w-ek 
according  to  action  on  the  bowels,  and  give  the  following  powder.' 

Groini.l  Gentian  Root.... 4  ounces 

Saltpeter .       ,, 

Pouilcreii  Xax  Vomica ^       <• 

jVijr,  and  give  a  tablespoon ful   in  a  slop 
twice  a  (lay- 

Give  plenty  of  good  food  and  keep  cow  warm.  Have  good 
be.ld.ng  undet  her,  and  turn  her  from  si.le  to  side  three  tinies  a 
day,  nnt,!  she  calves;  tlicn  she  will  generally  coir.e  out  all  right 
Never  attempt  to  put  her  in  slings;  let  her  lie  uniil  she  is  able  to 
get  np.  If  she  docs  not  get  up  after  calving,  contiiiue  the  treat- 
ment, and  also  rnb  the  loin-  and  .M.ks  of  the  hips  twice  dailv  with 
strong  Turpentine  and  Ammonia  Liniment.  (See  Prescrip 
TION,  in  the  back  of  book  )     If  this  fails,  a  blister  mn  v  he  n".r>iied 


DISlv.\SICS  OF  CATTLIC  419 

CLOSURE  OF  THE  NECK  OF  THE  WOMB  AT 
CALVING. —It  noiiictimos  hapi)cn.-i  Ihcit  wlieii  calving  time  has 
come,  and  lal)or  pains  come  on,  tliat  llie  neck  of  the  womb  keejjs 
co:;tractcd  or  closed,  not  allouin;,'  the  calf  to  pass. 

5)  w/Aww.— The  animal  lal)ors,  hut  no  progress  is  made,  and 
i.n  txamination  shov»  tlie  month  of  the  womb  closed. 

Tril-.ATMENT. — 

Give  the  follov  ,ng  drench: 

KpsoDi  Scilts ,  jKmnd. 

Svvcc*  Spirits  of  NitcT i  dunce. 

rhii<l  ICxtnu-t  of  r.i-Jla<l(miia i  drachin, 

jl^'  f  in  n  quart  of  liikewanii  walcr  and  give 
as  H  ilretich. 

Keep  1///  warm  with  l)lankets  and  apply  hot  salt  in  a  bag 
!i!  the  loins.  Also  lake  a  small  sjxjnge  or  soft  [liece  of  cloth,  tie 
■  I  iring  tc  ;'.  and  saturate  it  with  Fluid  Ivxlract  IVlladoiuia,  2  or 
;  >!iac)nv>  then  insert  it  like  a  plu'^  into  tlic  neck  of  the  wonib. 
li\  an  I'rur  or  two  examine  again;  if  still  as  tight  as  before, 
"  .iiiplv  ni'Jre  of  the  Belladonna.  Do  not  use  rough  treatment, 
i'ln  .Jter  the  IJelladoiuia  has  been  applied  for  one-half  a  daj-, 
1  ■>  iKuin  to  dilate  with  the  fingers,  and  if  it  fails,  an  ojuration  will 
:  inh.ibly  have  tube  i)erformed,  which  will  require  the  veterinarian, 
..lid  if  jKjssiblc  get  one  at  the  commencement  of  the  trouble. 
Wilde  the  Helladoinia  is  acting,  quiet  the  animal  by  giving 
1  ounce  doses  of  Chloral  Hydrate  in  i  pint  of  water,  repeated 
Miice  in  three  or  four  hours. 

PARALYSIS,  OR  PALSY.  AFTER  CALVING.— 

'Ihis  consists  in  a  more  or  less  complete  loss  of  control  of  the 
iiiiid  linil)s,  occurring  after  calving. 

Ciittsi-s. — From  low  condition,  weakness  and  exposure  to 
cold,  or  to  injurious  pressure  on  the  nerves  of  the  Hind  limbs  by 
a  large  calf  passing  througli  the  pelvis. 

Tki;.\tmknt. — 

C.ive  the  following  drench  : 

Epsom  Salts Impounds. 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Xiter „,.,,,,,.,  i  ounce. 

Tepid  Water , I  quart. 


420 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


\W  '7\ 


m 


I    I- 


k\ 


KcLp  the  body  warm  willi  hlankcts,  mid  apply  y^  jKiuiid  of 
Mustard,  iiiixod  in  vitic^ar,  over  liie  Iuii:s  ^v-ry  second  day. 
l<"ccd  on  soft  f(jod,  with  boiled  Flaxseed  in  i:.  Milk  cow  dry 
twice  a  day,  and  turn  her  o\er  three  or  four  tinic,-^  a  day  from 
side  to  side,  but  do  not  put  her  in  slinks.  Als)  '^ive  2drachni 
doses  of  Fluid  ICxtract  of  Xux  X'uniica  three  or  four  times  a  day; 
if  twitching;  of  the  ninseies  occurs  reduce  the  si/e  of  tlie  dose. 
If  this  treatment  fails,  n>e  liniment  and  blister  as  reconmiended 
for  "Paralysis  before  Calving." 

PROLONGED  AFTER-PAINS.— These  sometimes  occur 

after  i)rotracted  aiul  painful  (ieliver\,  fn^m  failure  of  tlie  womb 
to  contract,  or  from  retention  of  the  after-birth;  from  nervous 
irritation;  or  from  bleeding;. 

SjDifitoms. — The  animal  continues  to  strain  after  the  foetus  is 
e.xix;lled. 

Treatment.— 

Examine  to  try  and  find  cause;  if  from  bleeding,  give  treat- 
ment for  "  Flooding."  If  there  is  another  fietns,  and  correctly 
presented,  leave  alone;  if  the  womb  is  large  and  flabby,  dash  a 
little  cold  water  on  the  loins,  and  onto  the  vulva,  and  give, 
internally,  drugs  to  quiet.  If  everything  in  the  womb  seems  to 
be  normal,  it  is  due  to  nervous  irritability,  and  quieting  dru^s  are 
to  be  given.  For  this,  give  i  ounce  of  Chloral  Hydrate  and  i 
drachm  of  Fluid  F^xtract  of  Belladonna  in  !<  pint  of  water,  and 
repeat  in  an  hour,  if  pains  continue;  apply  hot  blankets,  or  salt 
bag,  to  th.e  loins;  blanket  warmly.  Remain  with  the  animal 
contniually  until  straining  stops,  to  prevent  womb  from  being 
everted;  when  she  strains,  clasp  the  lips  of  the  vidva  and  hold 
them  together. 

FLOODING,  OR  UTERINE  HEMORRHAGE.— 

Causes. — Too  rapid  calving,  and  a  consequent  failure  of 
womb  to  contract  when  calf  lias  been  removed;  protracted  lalxjr, 
from  injuries  to  these  parts  during  parturition;  or  from  unskill- 
ful removal  of  placenta.   Inversion  of  the  v.'iimb  jii.iv  rds.f>  ciusoif. 


!■  " 


^1 !    to   ' 


DISEASKS  OF  CATTUv 


4*T 


.SVw/'/l>w5.— Jilood  may  he  fl<)\viii<;  from  the  vulva,  or  in 
Lxamini'ig  for  cause  of  "After  Pains"  cue  will  fiml  blood  clot  in 
\\()inb. 

Tkk.vtmkn'T. — 

Dash  cold  water  with  force  onto  the  loins;  cool  the  hand  and 
insert  it  into  the  womb,  which  will  sometimes  cause  the  latter 
iM  contract  upon  it.  If  tlnse  means  are  inefleclual,  inject  cold 
vater  into  the  womb  through  a  rubber  tube  furnished  with  a 
iiiimel;  or  inject  Ahini  or  Copixras  water  into  the  womb,  usin>^ 
-■  ounces  of  either  to  each  quart  of  water;  fill  the  womb  full  and 
I  lasp  lips  of  vulva  to  retain  the  solution  for  a  few  mimites.  In 
wry  obstinate  cases  a  still  stronger  solution  could  be  used,  or  the 
womb  can  be  packed  with  clean,  soft  cloth  wet  with  the  solution, 
but  do  not  pack  unless  absohitely  necessary.  Internally,  give 
1  ounce  of  Fluid  F.Ktract  of  Jir^^ot,  repeat  in  one-half  to  one  hour, 
and  again  in  an  hour  if  necessary.  After  all  bleeding  has  stopped, 
lean  out  all  blood  clots  In-  flushing  the  womb  with  cool  water, 
ti'.at  has  been  recently  boiled. 

RUPTURE  OF  THE  WOMB;  OR,  PASSAGE  OUT 

."ROM  THE  WOMB.— These    troubles  occur  at  the  time  of 

-h  ing  in  the  cow,  in  the  same  maimer  as  in  the  mare  in  foaling, 

!ud  for  symptoms  and  treatment  see   "Rupture  of  the  Womb," 

(.r  "  Rupture  of  the  Vagina,  or  Passage,"  in  the  Horse  Dki'Art- 

MKNT. 


REMOVING  AFTER-BIRTH,  OR   CLEANING.-Iv 

sometimes  happens  that  the  cleaning,  or  after-birth,  is  retained, 
and  if  so,  means  must  be  taken  to  assist  in  the  lemoval.  This  is 
more  apt  to  occur  with  the  cow  than  with  any  of  the  other  ani- 
mals. 

Ca?tsr.—ls  a  congested  and  swollen  state  of  t!ie  huttons  on 
mside  of  the  womb,  to  which  the  after-birth  is  attached.  The 
<'ovv-  often  retains  the  after-birth  for  twelve  hu^.A  or  more  before 
.t  comes  away,  but  if  retained  much  longer  than  this,  it  will 
Drobably  not  come  away  without  hel". 


i 


ifil 


i!i 


■i^^    Till'    I'KACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 

Tki:  ATMKNT. — 

If  llic  COW  utains  thf  sftcr-birtli  for  more  than  five  or  six 
liuiir-i,  >;ivf  tilt.-  followiiiK: 

r:ii>.iiii  Salt, ,  |„,„ii,i 

I'luid  l';<tr,uli.t  Ikllailo-.iii.i i  .Iracliiii. 

Swett  Spirits  of  Niter i  ouiii-e. 

^y^i^^r 1  (jiiart. 

J//.J-,  and  Kivc  a^  a  drtiich. 

Blniikci  well  and  keep  a  ix'ck  of  hot  salt  in  a  bag  on  the 
loiiiN;  t;ivf  a  hot  bran  mash  and  kucp  hir  (inict,  and  the  after- 
birth may  come  away.  If  in  thirty  hours  it  has  not  jtassed  away, 
it  will  liave  to  \k-  removed  mechanically. 

In  reinovin;<  the  after-birth  from  a  cow,  tlic  anatomy  mnsf 
U"  remembered.  vScatlered  over  the  inside  of  the  womb  are  some 
forty  If)  si\t\-  lar,i;e,  btitlon-iike  enlargements,  at  tliis  time  nearly 
as  lar^e  as  one's  fist;  these  are  attached  to  the  womb  by  a 
restricted  neck,  and  are  called  "cotyledons."  On  the  outside  of 
the  feial  envelope  are  saucer -.shaped  masses.  ccjrresjK.ndinjr  j,, 
nnml)er  to  the  cot\Iedons,  and  the  att.achment  of  the  envelojx;  to 
tin-  wond)  i^  accomplished  by  tiie  sancer-shaiK'd  structure  fitting 
'  r  and  Ik  inj,'  attached  to  the  cnp-shiped  cotyledon,  much  as 
liie  palm  of  one  hand  would  dasp  the  closed  fi-^t  of  the  other 
h.aiid.  Tile  attachmml  can  be  rather  crudely  illustrated  by  a 
style  of  i^love  fastening.  The  sin-f.uv  of  tlie  saucer-shaiied  struc- 
ture has  a  large  nimiber  of  small,  pointed  bodies,  projecting  from 
it,  which  fit  into  depressions  in  the  cup  like  cotyledon,  and  these 
hold  the  two  together. 

To  remove  the  afterd)irth:  Place  the  cow  with  her  right  side 
agaiu'^t  a  ])artition:  have  an  assistant  stand  by  lier  left  side  and 
keep  her  from  archiig  her  back  by  rnbliing  on  the  Inin-  with  a 
small  slick.  Hrire  the  right  arm  to  the  shoulder.  cle;m  tlie  finger 
nails  and  hand,  and  oil  hand  ,ind  arm  with  Carboli/cd  l.ird-  take 
that  ])art  of  the  aft  ■  birth  which  hangs  fn.m  tiie  vulva  in  the 
left  hand,  ;md  twist  ;i  into  a  rope;  make  the  right  han<l  cone- 
sha))ed,  and  pass  it  gently  intf)  the  vulva  along  this  ropedike 
structure;  U]X)U  reaching  the  womb,  the  rope  will  seem  to  1m.- 
made  up  of  a  large  number  of  strings  nmning  together;  follow 
up  one  of   these   and  it  will  lead  the  hand  t(j  a  cotyledon.     The 


DISEASKS  OF  CATTLE 


4»3 


liirKt.'.  cup-shaped  cotyledon  is  to  be  kit  on  the  womb,  the  saucer- 
-liaiK'd  structure  on  the  envelope  is  to  be  separated  from  it;  to 
ilu  this,  slip  the  ueck  of  the  col)led(iU  in  between  the  first  two 
finders,  place  the  thumb  on  top  of  the  eoiyledoii  and  presji  down 
a,^  the  finders  clasj)  the  neck  quite  firmly,  ami  slip  aloii;,'  it  towards 
the  thumb.  If  they  adhere  too  elosi-ly  to  he  separated  in  this 
way,  gently  work  the  fingers  in  between  the  two  structures  and 
separate  them,  remembering  that  oidy  a  thin  i.iiter  jiortion  of  the 
mass  is  to  be  takeji  off.  Repeat  the  process  with  each  of  the 
nsisses.  He  j;entle,  an<l  don't  hurry.  Twist  (Kcasioually  with 
ihv  left  iiaud,  but  ptdl  but  very  lilile.  When  the  cotyledons  have 
all  U'cn  separated,  the  entire  mass  will  slip  away  and  the  ojjera- 
tioa  is  complete.  Sometimes  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  separate  the 
rotsledons,  at  other  times  a  dillicult  task.  If  no  putrefaction  has 
taken  place,  nothing  need  be  done  after  the  envelopes  have  been 
removed;  if  some  decomixi-ilion  has  taken  jjlace,  flush  out  the 
woiiil)  with  a  weak  Carbolic  .\cid  solution,  2  drachms  to  a  quart 
of  water  {see  "  Al)orlion"  j. 


TURNING  OUT  OF  THE  VAGINA,  OR  PASSAGE 
LEADING  FROM  THE  WOMB  EVERSION  OF  THE 
VAGINA.^ 

('iiits/\<;. — From  standing,  before  calving,  in  a  stall  with  the 
hind  feet  too  low;  and  while  lying  down,  on  account  of  its  being 
so  lull,  the  womb  presses  back  against  the  j'assage  and  turns  it 
out.  It  may  occur  for  a  few  days  after  parturition,  <"rom  strain - 
in;.:,  or  may  be  caused  from  constipation  in  effort  to  jxiss  the 
fc'-es. 

Symptoms. — There  protrudes  from  the  vulva  a  red  tumor;  if 
-mail,  it  may  go  back  when  animal  gets  uj),  but  if  larger,  it  re- 
Miiins  out,  Ijecomes  swollen  and  hard;  may  be  as  large  as  a  peck 
nuasure.  The  animal  stands  with  the  back  arched,  and  strains 
more  or  less. 

TlU'ATMK.NT. — 

As  soon  as  discovered,  secure  the  animal  so  she  can  not 
'iruise  the  i>art  in  any  way,  and  get  an  assistant.  Then  clean, 
'•y  p(n!ring  over  it  cold  water;  th's  ^Iso  reduces  the  size;  if  all 


■in 


i„ 


EMM 
•■1'-*  **" 

5  s.  A 


434 


TIIH  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


\ 


the  dirt  (Uhjs  not  flush  off,  pick  it  oil  mtitU;  do  ikjI  r\\\>  the  jiart 
in  cleaniiiK-  When  clean,  jK)ur  (,vir  it  a  qii.irt  >>i  \hiiii  or 
Copperas  solution,  usinj,'  an  ounce  of  Alum  or  'j  mincc  of  Cop 
jKTas  to  a  quart  of  water,  and  also  jKUir  o\cr  it  a  weak  Carlnilic 
Acid  solution- two  drachms  of  (he  aci<l  to  a  ([Mart  of  water. 
Return  in  the  same  maimer  as  recommended  in  tin-  mnre,  and  re- 
tain it  with  the  sutures  in  the  same  way  ( ;>a>;e  Kk)).  It  nui>t  Ik; 
returned  gently,  otherwise  abortion  niay  be  prfxlitcid.  After 
returning;,  keep  the  cow  on  a  flwjr  that  slants  sli);l'tly  forward. 
When  the  labor  pains  come  on,  remove  the  sutures,  and  after  the 
calf  is  Ixjrn,  the  after-birth  best  lie  removed,  and  the  sutures  put 
back  in  again  for  a  few  days.  After  the  accident,  keip  the 
bowels  loose  with  laxative  food,  .nd,  if  necessary,  small  doses  of 
Ivpsom  Salts;  and  al>o  ^ive  a  tablespoonful  of  Saltpeter  twice  a 
day  for  a  few  days.  To  relieve  the  pain  and  straining'  somewhat 
during  the  ojK-ralion  of  returning',  give  i  oniici.-  of  Chloral  Hy- 
drate, or  2  drachms  of  Fluid  J-^xtract  of  Hellidonna  in  '4  pint 
of  water  at  the  outset;  also  repeat  two  or  three  times  a  day  if 
Straining  continues  after  the  operation. 

WOMB,  OR  CALF  BED,  TURNED  OUT  EVER- 
SION  OF  THE  WOMB."  This  is  the  tunung  inside  out  of  a 
greater  or  less  p<jrtion  of  the  womb  itself. 

Causes. — From  cow  lying  with  her  hind  parts  too  low.  After- 
pains  may  cause  the  cow  to  strain  and  turn  it  out.  Or  it  may 
follow  removi:ig  the  after-birth,  especially  if  roughly  done.  It 
sometimes  is  thrown  out  almost  immediately. 

Svnipioms. — There  lies,  or  hangs,  belund  the  cow  a  large 
pink,  bagdike  mass,  covered  with  mull)erry-likc  excrescences  all 
over  the  surface.  It  very  soon  swells  and  becomes  a  hard  tumor- 
like mass,  hanging  from  the  vulva  nearly  to  the  hocks,  or  lying 
out  l)ehind  the  animal  if  .she  is  down;  a  very  repulsive  sight. 

Treat.ment. — 

As  soon  as  noticed,  secure  the  cow  so  she  cannot  injure  the 
part  and  get  three  a.ssistants,  and  a  veterinarian  if  possi'ole,  and 
turn  the  case  over  to  him.  First,  have  two  of  the  assistan'.s 
support  the  organ  by  placing  a  cle.nn  sheet  under  it,  the  same  as 


I   ^ 


DISKASICS  OF  CATTLK  435 

was  recommended  with  the  mare  (page  162)  ;  also  at  the  outset 

.;i\c  Sf)methiiij;  to  <|uiel — an  oiincc  of  Cliloral  Hydrate  or  2 
ilraclims  I-'luid  ICxtract  of  Iklladoima  in  ;.■  pint  of  water.  Clean 
tlif  woiiil)  the  same  as  with  "  Kvcr^ioii  of  the  Vagina,"  using  the 
Ahim  and  Carbolic  Aciil  solution  the  same.  Ik  sure  all  dirt  is 
n  niMvcd  ;  the  use  of  the  Carlxjlic  lotion  is  very  imjxjrtant.  If 
the  after-hirtli  is  still  attached,  remove  it  before  cleaning.  When 
uady  to  return,  proceed  as  recommended  with  the  mare,  Ijeing 
careful  not  to  injure  the  organs  with  the  finger  nails.  Have  the 
hind  limbs  of  the  animal  higher  than  the  front  ones,  and  have  an 
a->istant  keep  the  animal  from  arching  the  back  by  pressing  on 
the  loins.  When  it  is  returned,  pass  the  oiletl  hand  in  and 
smooth  it  out.  Retain  by  usnig  the  sutures  as  for  "  Kversion  'of 
the  Vagina"  in  the  mare  (page  160).  Keep  her  from  straining 
,1^  nuich  as  p<jssible  by  repeating  the  Chloral  Hydrate  or  the 
lielhidonna  once  in  three  or  four  hours.  Keep  the  hind  feet  much 
ilie  higher. 

Ai  TICK  Tkkatmknt. — While  this  accident  is  not  quite  as 
svrinus  with  the  cow  as  with  the  mare,  yet  it  is  serious,  and  needs 
eaii  fill  attention. 

("live  tlic  cow  a  liberal  laxative — i  to  ijf  ixjunds  of  Kpsom 
Salts  ;  feed  lightly  on  laxative  f(jod;  grass  if  in  season,  if  not,  a 
little  hay,  bran  mash  and  scalded  oats  ;  and  also  use  the  following  : 

I'liiiil  I'.xtraot  .\coiiite a  drachms. 

riuiil  Extract  of  Bulladouiia I  ounce. 

Saltpfter 3  uiiuces 

Water,  to  make I  pint. 

Shako.     Dose:  2  ounces,  three  or  four  timet 
a  (lay. 

If  the  animal  shows  weakness,  also  give  2  ounces  of  Alcohol  in 
!.•  i>int  of  water  three  times  a  day. 

If  the  tenijxTature  keeps  nearly  normal  (loi  degrees),  and 
ihe  pulse  also  nearly  normal,  the  conditions  are  favorable  for 
recovery  ;  l)Ut  if  temperature  riuis  up,  pulse  becomes  rapid  and 
liard,  and  animal  dull,  it  iudicatf  -,  that  inflammation  is  setting  in 
and  the  conditions  are  unfavorable;  then  treat  as  for  "Inflam- 
•uaiion  of  the  Womb."  If  everything  goes  along  nicely  for  three 
or  four  days,  recovery  will  probably  take  place.     Do  not  let  the 


^r^ 


f 

TT^    n 

i 

\ 

'■   » I  ■ ' 

1 

1  m   -Ai 

J 

F'9 

1 

1 

11 

■j| 

laj 

i'a 

1 

"-'■ 

'■ 

1 

1 

1 

f 

>     I 


i 
r 

ii 
it 


426 


TIIIC  I'RACTICAt  STOCK  DOCTOR 


calf  suck  the  cow.  Uave  the  sutures  in  for  a  week  or  ten  days 
If  the  womb  is  much  injured  while  out,  the  chances  for 
recovery  are  sli-ht.  If  x^ry  badly  injured,  .t  car.  be  ampu- 
tated; a  veterinarian  would  be  required  for  the  operation.  If 
the  cow  recovers,  and  is  a  valuable  breediuK  animal,  she  may  be 
bretl  ayain,  paying  special  attention  the  next  year,  to  see  that 
the  accident  does  not  again  occur. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  VAGINA     VAGINITIS. 

—This  may  occur  independently  of  inflannnation  of  the  womb. 

Causes. —From  lacerations,  bruises,  or  other  injuries,  sus- 
tainetl  during  calving. 

5rw//('w.v.— There  is  swelling  of  the  lips  of  the  vulva,  which, 
together  with  their  lining  membrane,  become  of  a  dark  red,  or 
leaden  hue,  and  the  nuicus  discharge  increa.ses  and  becomes 
whitish,  or  matter-like,  and  may  become  offensive.  Passing  of 
tne  oiled  hand  causes  pain,  and  the  walls  v.'ill  be  found  to  be 
thickened,  making  the  cavity  much  smaller. 

Trk.\t.-\ii;.\t.— 

Slight  cases  recover  without  treatment,  or  under  warm 
fomentations  and  mild  antiseptic  injections,  as: 

Carbolic  Acid 2  teaspoonfuls, 

^'■'ali-^r I  quart. 

Severe  cases  may  go  on  to  the  formation  of  large  sores,  or  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane  may  die  and 
slough  off.  In  all  severe  ca.ses  the  antiseptic,  and  warm  water 
injections,  must  be  applied  perseveriugly;  and  also  use  the  follow- 
ing. 

Acetate  of  Lead 3  drachms. 

^^'^t^r I  (lu.irt. 

Inject    into  the   vagina  twice  a  ilay  with  a 
rubber  tube  and  funnel. 

ITyposulphite  of  Soda  (j  ounces,  to  i  quart  of  water)  is  also 
excellent  for  an  injection;  alternai  _-  with  the  I.ead  lotion.  Inter- 
nally, give  from  i  to  ij<  pounds  of  lipsom  Salts,  feed  on  laxative 
food,  and  give  a  tablespoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day  for 
a  few  days.  If  the  disease  is  allowed  to  run  and  becomes  chronic 
it  is  called  "leucorrhea." 


MIIIB 


m^-9^m&^ 


iJlSlvASIvS  Ob'  CATTLK  427 

INFLAMMATION  OF   THE   WOMB— METRITIS. 

--This  disease,  when  it  occurs,  usually  conies  0:1  two  or  three 
days  utter  calving. 

Causts. — From  .t;etting  wet,  or  standing  in  a  draft;  from 
injuries  received  in  dift"icult  calving;  or  from  dirty  hands,  ropes, 
(T  instruments,  used  when  assisting.  It  also  fcjilows  eversion  of 
tlie  womb,  and  may  occur  when  it  is  difficult  to  assign  a  cause. 

SjinpliUiis. — Slight  shivering;  the  horns,  ears,  and  legs  are 
-^  Id,  the  pulse  is  rni)id  and  hard,  the  l)reathing  (piick,  the  tem- 
j''-!ature  elevated,  K14  to  107;  cow  loses  appetite  and  stops  chew- 
liig  her  cud;  countenance  depressed;  is  restless  and  luieasy  in  the 
hind  legs,  as  though  in  pain;  is  tender  to  pressure  on  the  right 
>ide,  esjx'cially  if  jarred  in  the  right  ilank;  the  vulva  is  swollen, 
:.ad  there  is  a  discharge  from  it  mixed  with  blood;  the  bowels 
are  cc^s'ive,  and  urine  i-.  liigh-e(.)k)red;  the  animal  lies  down  most 
of  tlie  time,  sometuiies  refusing  to  get  up  at  all;  when  up,  stands 
with  back  uxlicd.  l-y  passing  the  hand  into  the  rectum  the 
Wi)mb  is  recognized  as  enlarged  and  hard,  and  more  or  less 
^ensitive  to  prosure.  The  Secretion  of  milk  is  diminished.  The 
disease  is  sometimes  mistaken  for  milk  fever,  but  need  not  be, 
with  this  disease  there  is  a  marked  rise  of  temperature,  while  in 
milk  fever  the  tenipeniture  is  normal,  or  below.  With  milk 
f'.vcr  the  animal  is  unconscious;  with  this  condition  she  is 
conscious,  although  she  may  refuse  to  get  up. 

Tki;at.mknt. — 

This  is  a  serious  disea.--e  and  very  often  terminates  fatally. 
The  treatment  is  liolh  internal  and  local.  Interna'ly  give  a 
laxative,  I  to  i  Ja  pounds  of  l^psom  Salts,  and  repeat  half  dose  in 
two  days  if  the  effects  of  the  first  dose  are  not  (piite  marked.  Also 
.;ive  the  following  : 

Fhiiil  Extrart  of  .Aconite 2  draihms. 

Fluid  ICxlmcl  i>f  Iiella<lonna I'i  imiices. 

Vhiiii  tCxtrail  of  Colchiciim  Stod i  (nuice. 

Saltpeter 3  ounces. 

Water  to  make i  pint 

Sliake.     Dose:  2  ounces   three  or  four  times 
a  (lay. 

If  she  shows  great  weakness,  give  2  ounces  of  Alcohol  with  each 
dose  of  the  above  iu  ]4  pint  of  water  ;  and  if  the  fever  ruus  high. 


-11 

(  1 


r 


M 


428 


THlv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


give  2  (Irachms  of  Acetaiiilid  twice  a  day  with  the  Alcohol. 
After  two  or  three  days  lake  the  Acmiite  out  of  tlie  alxjve  pre- 
scription and  put  3  drachma  of  Fluid  J^xtract  of  Digitalis  into 
the  prescription  in  its  place. 

Apply  to  the  loins,  continuously,  blankets  wrung  from  hot 
water  ;  change  every  half  hour  and  keep  the  hot  Mankels  covered 
with  a  rubber  blanket  and  dry  woolen  blankets.  Have  tb.e  water 
as  hot  as  the  animal  will  stand.  It  i^  also  well  to  lUish  out  the 
womb,  part  of  the  time,  with  a  nii!>l  anti>epUc  lotion,  as  Cari)(jlit 
Acid  2  drachms,  water  1  ([Uurt  :  ami  part  of  ilie  tinie  with  an 
astringent  lotion,  as  Acetate  tif  Lead  3  draclinis,  water  i  (jiiart; 
or  Hypo-ulphile  of  Soda,  2  ounces  to  a  (juart  of  water,  is  good. 
IVe  each  lotion  about  Iwue  a  day.  Flushing  with  large  ((uan- 
tities  of  water  at  a  teiniierature  of  115  degrees,  just  bet(jre 
injecting  the  above  lotions,  is  a  good  practice.  F'or  nijecting,  Use 
a  soft  rubber  tul)e  with  a  funnel  in  one  end.  After  Hushing,  if 
the  cow  strains,  watch  to  see  th.it  the  womb  is  not  everted. 
In  using  the  injections  and  in  Ifushing,  be  sure  the  solutions 
enter  the  womb.  The  tube  be>t  be  carried  through  the  vagina 
with  the  hand  and  in.serted  into  the  w(»r.ib;  have  the  hand  and 
tube  well  oiled  with  Carbolized  lard,  and  insert  it  carefully.  If 
the  animal  lies  down,  roll  her  j;ciilly  from  one  si<le  to  the  otlier 
two  or  three  times  a  day  ;  keep  I'er  lying  on  her  chert.  Cive  her 
all  the  fresh  water  she  wants  to  .Irink,  but  in  small  quantities  at 
a  tnr.e,  and  a  very  little  laxative  feed  if  she  desires  to  eat. 

PUERPERAL  FEVER.  -  This  is  a  simple  fever  occur- 
ring at  the  time  of  parluiition. 

Cd//fi-s.  -  Undue  exposure  to  cold,  or  wet,  or  to  hot  siin. 
Also  occurs  when  the  aiiim.al  is  unthrilty;  with  animals  that  have 
t)een  highly  fed  for  a  time  before  parturition,  or  fed  too  (juickly 
after  parturition.  Young  aninals  are  more  susceptible  than 
older  ones. 

Sv>///'/»Ms.—Ji  may  develop  any  time  within  two  or  three 
days  after  i.arlurition.  There  is  a  slight  dullness,  partial  loss  of 
appetite,  a  ri.se  of  teini)erature,  103  to  106;  pulse  more  rapid  than 
normal,  60  to  90  beats  per  minute:  the  mucous  membranes  of  the 


^^m'*W^ 


.  ij^^:m'%Mm^ri^imiMLM^^^. .  aa^ 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE  429 

eyes  and  nose  are  red;  the  milk  secretion  is  partiallj-  stopped,  and 
tlie  udder  is  apt  lo  be  inflamed.  Tliese  same  symptoms  are  met 
nitli  in  other  disorders  at  this  time,  and  so  we  have  to  recognize 
lliis  disease  by  the  absence  of  the  symptoms  characteristic  of  other 

diseases. 

Tki:atme.\t  — 

The  disease  generally  runs  a  mild  course,  but  complications 
j^oiiietiines  arise,  and  so  treatment  should  be  given — even  in  mild 
oases.  Give  the  cow  a  la.Kalive— from  i  to  i!i  pounds  of  Epsom 
Salts,  dissolved  in  two  (juarts  of  water.  Feed  lightly  on  laxative 
food  fur  a  few  days,  and  also  give  the  following: 

Finiil  Extract  of  Aconite 2  drachms, 

I'liiid  Itxtracl  of  Belladonna ,     i  ounce. 

Saltpeter 4  ounces. 

Water  to  make i  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:     I  ounce,  three  or  four  times 
a  day. 

Watch  for  complications,  and  if  any  should  develop,  treat  as 
for  that  disease. 


WHITES  — LEUCORRHEA.— This  i?  due  to  a  con- 
tiinied  or  chronic  inflammation  of  the  womb,  the  vagina,  or  of 
1i  itli  these  organs. 

Cai/sfs.  —  I'sually  results  from  injuries  sustained  in  calv- 
ing ns  the  result  of  rough  handling,  or  from  irritation  by  putrid 
matters  in  connection  with  retained  after-birth,  or  from  the  use 
of  oine  ol)ject  in  the  vagina,  as  a  jx?ssary,  to  prevent  eversitm  of 
ihe  womb.  Very  ajit  to  follow  abortion.  The  disease  will  also 
ikvdop  when  it  is  hard  to  assign  a  direct  cause. 

Sv»iploi)!s. — The  jirincipal  symptom  is  the  glairy  white  dis- 
<  iiarge  flowing  more  or  less  constantly  from  the  vulva  (sometimes 
more  when  the  cow  bos  down),  soiling  the  tail,  matting  its  hairs 
riiid  those  of  the  vuK-a.  When  lips  of  vulva  are  drawn  apart,  the 
ir.iKotis  membrane  is  seen  to  be  redder  than  normal,  if  vagina  is 
•  ifTected.  The  discharge  has  more  or  iesi;  of  an  offensive  odor. 
Health  may  not  suffer  at  first,  but  if  discharge  continues  and  is 
putrid,  the  he.nlth  fails,  milk  shrinks,  and  Scsh  is  lost.     If  womb 


'4 


il"i 


|! 


430  THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

is  involveci  the  hand  passed  into  the  vapiiia  may  detect  mouth  of 
womb  slightly  open  and  some  of  the  liquid  collected  within  its 
cavity.  With  oiled  hand  in  rectum,  tlie  outline  of  womb  beneath 
mav  l)e  detected,  somewhat  enlarged.  In  some  ca-^es  cow  may 
be  in  heat  oft- ner  than  normal,  and  it  may  be  more  intense,  but 
she  rarch-  conceives,  and  if  so,  generidly  aborts.  In  other  cases 
she  does  not  come  in  heat  at  all. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

In  mild  or  recent  cases,  give  injections  as  in  "Inflammation 
of  the  Vagina."  In  more  obstinate  ones  slroi-.Ljer  solutions  may 
be  used  after  the  womb  has  been  washed  out  by  a  stream  of  hot 
water  at  a  temperature  of  1 1,5  degrees,  tmtil  it  runs  clear.  To  do 
this,  insert  a  r'djber  tube  into  the  womb,  car.rying  it  through  the 
vaccina  with  the  hand;  oil  hand  and  tube;  pl.ace  a  funnel  in  its 
raised  end,  and  pntir  the  water  atid  afterward  the  solution 
through  this.  Hold  the  li])S  of  the  vulva  together  luitil  the  womb 
and  vagina  fdls,  and  hold  the  solution  in  fur  a  few  minutes.  If 
neck  of  vvond)  is  so  closed  tliat  the  liquid  will  not  flow  out,  with- 
draw the  tube  and  let  it  flush  out  and  then  refill.      As  injections 

use: 

Actt,ile  of  Lead 3  drailmis. 

WattT I  quart. 

J/^/.r  ai.d  inject  :'.s  above  directed. 

Or,  ni^teatl  of  this,  use: 

Sulphate  of  Iron 3  drachms. 

Water I  iiuail 

Or,  another  good  injectif)ii  is: 

llviio'.uliihite  of  Soda I  to     2  ounces. 

Water '   qn.in. 

It  is  also  well  to  u.se,  part  of  the  time,  the  following  an.liseptie 

injection: 

Carbolic  .\cid 2  drachms. 

Water I  quirt. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  treatment,  flush  out  with  the  water 
and  use  one  of  the  injections  every  daj-;  later,  once  in  two  days^ 
and  as  i'v.pvcvemen.f  takes  place,  once  in  three  days, 


M 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


43» 


Intenialb',  give  the  following: 

Sulphate  of  Iron yi  pound. 

S.iltjieter ^         " 

I^fi.v.      Dose :  Tahl'.'spounful   in   nunstencd 
grain,  twice  dailv. 

If  the  animal  Is  unthrifty,  alurnatc  with  the  foregoing  the 
N'ux  Vomica  and  Gentian  tonic,  as  recommended  for  "Chronic 

Indigestion." 


*MILK  FEVER-PARTURIENT  APOPLEXY— The 

term  "milk  fever"  is  not  a  cornel  name  for  this  disease,  as  there 
is  rarely  any  fever  associated  with  it;  in  fact,  the  temperature  is 
nsually  below  normal.  Neither  is  the  latter  name  entirely  correct. 
It  does  not  follow  difficult  or  protracted  lal)or,  floodinj^,  nor 
retention  of  the  placenta,  as  is  the  case  with  puerperal  fever, 
with  which  it  is  sometimes  confounded,  hut  is  a  disease  of  well- 
fed,  large,  niilk-producing  cows,  and  when  it  occurs,  it  nearly 
always  follows  an  easy  parturition. 

Causes. — The  exact  cause  of  the  disease  is  not  known,  hut 
certain  things  seem  to  predispose  to  it.  High  feeding  before 
parturition,  getting  the  animal  into  what  would  be  called  an 
excellent  condition,  is  a  well-recogni/ed  predisposing  cause.  This 
i>  dangerous,  however,  only  w  ith  mature  cows,  and  gofnl  milkers; 
heifers  with  first,  or  second,  calf  do  not  have  the  disease,  neither 
i>i  light  milkers.     It  is  a  disease  of  the  dairy  cow. 

Sympiovis. — In  many  ca.ses  the  cow  is  down  and  partially,  or 
entirely,  unconscious,  when  di.scase  is  first  noticed.  If  the  attack 
is  seen  early,  the  first  symptom  is  tmeasiness.  The  cow  keeps 
stepping  with  the  hind  feet,  is  dull,  appetite  gone,  and  milk 
secretion  is  lessened,  or  stopped.  If  the  cow  is  forced  to  walk, 
lliere  is  a  reeling  of  the  hind  limbs;  there  is  also  a  sort  of  vacant 
stare  to  the  eyes.  These  symptoms  increase  until  the  cow  is 
unable  to  stand,  and  falls,  or  lies  down.  After  going  down  the 
I  lead  is  usually  turned  toward  the  side,  with  the  nose  against  the 
side  of  the  chest,  just  back  of  the  elbow.  In  severe  cases  the 
<ow  is  totally  unconscious,  but  in  mild  cases  oidy  partially  so. 
If  Ihe  head  is  straightened  out  in  front,  a  sort  of  kink  will  be 
*  Si'c  nrw  In  atnient  in  Addeada,  paye  782. 


r-  1  '\ 


m-i 


i 


It 


] 

ii 


i\ 


432  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

seen  in  the  neck.  Often  there  is  a  slight  moan  with  the  breath- 
ing, due  to  the  stupor.  Sometimes,  instead  of  lying  as  above, 
the  cow  is  delirious,  thrashing  about  almost  continuously. 
The  temperature  is  about  normal,  or  a  little  Ixlow,  pulse  some- 
what rapid.  The  feces  collects  in  the  rectum,  but  is  seldom 
passed  off,  and  the  urine  remains  in  the  bladder.  Willi  this 
disease  the  cow  is  to  a  great  extent  unconscious,  or  delirious, 
and  so  it  need  not  be  mistaken  for  other  conditions.  The  tact 
that  there  is  no  fever,  unless  there  is  some  complication,  also 
helps  distinguish  it  from  inflammation  of  the  womb,  for  which  it 
is  sometimes  mistaken  by  the  inexix-rienced. 

Trk.vtment. — 

It  is  very  important,  in  treating  this  disease,  that  the  cow  be 
kept  lying  upon  her  brisket.  Keep  her  bolstered  in  this  {wsition 
with  bags  of  straw  if  necessary ;  let  the  head  lie  around  against 
the  side.  See  that  her  front  and  hind  feet  are  under  her  natu- 
rally for  bing  in  this  position.  She  should  be  rolled  from  one 
side  to  the  other,  three  or  four  times  a  day.  Blanket  the  cow 
warmly  ;  it  is  a  good  plan  to  jiut  bottles  of  hot  water  or  bags  of 
hot  salt  under  the  blanket.  Clean  the  feces  from  the  rectum  two 
or  three  times  a  day  with  the  hand;  also  draw  the  urine  with  a 
catheter  three  times  a  day.  To  draw  the  urine,  see  "Suppression 
of  the  Trine,"  under  DiSEASEvS  01*  the  Urix.vkv  Okgans. 

Internal  treatment  must  be  very  carefully  given,  as  the 
animal  will  not  swallow,  and  the  medicines  will  pass  into  the 
lungs  and  cause  inflammation  of  them.  Never  drench  a  cow 
after  she  goes  d(-\vn,  and  very  carefully  after  the  first  ssnijitoms 
show,  and  before  slie  goes  down. 

The  following  may  '  e  given,  by  giving  very  slowly: 

Fluifl  Extract  IlellatloiiiKi  Jj  teaspoonful 

I'luid  Ivxtract  of  Niix  Vomica ,'2  " 

I'luid  I'^xtract  Digitalis 15  ilrops. 

Water 2  tallies] loi >nf uls 

flfi.r,  and  j^i'^e  as  one  dose  every  two  lumrs, 
Ivlevate  the  nnse  a  little  and  j;ive  a  tablespoon- 
fill  slowly  into  the  back  of  the  moulb;  after  a 
few  minutes  give  another,  and  so  on,  until  the 
uosc  is  givcu. 


Mi^STi'l'titt 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


433 


Along  with  the  foregoing,  give  the  treatment  into  the  udder, 
known  as  the  Schmidt  treatment.  Great  care  is  necessary  in 
ttsing  this  treatment,  or  the  udder  will  be  inflamed  ;  everything 
VI 11  ft  be  very  clean.  The  necessary  equipment  is  a  milking  tube, 
I  piece  of  rubber  tubing  about  two  feet  long,  a  small  funnel,  a 
jiiart  bottle,  and  a  ([uantity  of  3  per  cent.  Carbolic  Acid  solution 
—Carbolic  Acid  i  ounce,  water  i  quart — and  2'.'  drachms  of 
J  )dide  of  Potash — the  drug  to  be  injected.  First  clean  the  quart 
'olile  with  hot  water,  and  then  put  into  it  i  ounce  of  the  Car- 
-lic  Acid  solution  and  shake  it;  now  put  into  it  the  2)^  drachms 
pf  Iodide  of  Pntash.  After  this  fill  up  the  bottle  with  water  that 
ha',  l)een  recently  boiled,  pouring  directly  from  the  teakettle  into 
the  bottle;  set  the  bottle  into  a  dish  of  water  nearly  as  hot,  to 
prevent  its  breaking.  After  the  bottle  is  fdled,  cork  it,  and  we 
know  the  bottle  is  free  from  germs.  Cool  the  solution  until  it  is 
the  temperature  of  milk,  by  setting  it  in  a  pail  of  warm  water 
■ind  then  gradually  cooling  the  water  by  pouring  cold  water  into 
(he  pail.  The  solution  is  now  ready  to  inject  into  the  udder. 
I'asten  the  milking  tube  into  one  end  of  the  rubber  tube,  and  put 
ihe  fuiuiel  in  the  other  end,  and  place  in  a  dish  containing  some 
of  the  Carbolic  Acid  solution — enough  to  cover  the  tube  and 
rubber  ;  dip  up  some  of  the  solution  and  let  it  run  through  the 
tiilie.  These  instruments  should  be  tlean.  Place  the  rest  of 
I'le  Carbolic  Acid  solution  into  another  dish.  To  inject,  milk 
all  the  milk  from  the  udder,  then  pick  up  one  of  the  teats  and 
\\:^^h  it  oil  with  the  Carbolic  Acid  solution,  espcci.ally  the  end  of 
the  duct.  Have  the  assistant  pick  up  the  ftuniel,  taking  hold  of 
till.'  outside  of  it,  and  raise  it  up  so  the  solution  all  runs  out ;  take 
bold  of  the  milking  tube  and  insert  it  into  the  teat,  taking  care 
that  it  does  not  touch  anything  after  it  leaves  the  solution  until 
il  enters  the  teat;  elevate  the  fuiniel,  dash  a  little  of  the  Carlxjlic 
Acid  solution  over  the  njoiUh  of  the  bottle,  remove  the  cork  and 
])()Ur  one-fourth  of  the  amotuit  into  the  funnel.  Let  the  funnel 
empty  two  or  three  times  so  that  some  air  will  be  fc^rced  into  the 
udder.  Kcmo\e  the  tube  from  the  teat  and  place  it  in  the  Car- 
bolic Acid  solution;  cork  the  Potash  solution;  clean  another  teat, 
and  inject  in  the  same  manner.  Repeat  with  each  of  the  ceats. 
The  principal  point  in  the  injection  is  to  sec  that  everything   if 


434 


THE  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


^: 


O'l 


dean,  and  use  the  Carbolic  srjhition  freely  on  instruments,  hands 
and  teals.  After  injecting  the  sohilion,  knead  tlie  udder  gently 
for  ten  to  fifteen  minutes.  If  the  animal  shows  no  improvement 
after  eight  or  ten  hours,  strip  out  the  udder  and  repeat  the 
injection  :  it  may  l)e  rei)eated  a^ain  in  ten  or  twelve  hours  later 
if  required,  using  only  2  drachms  of  the  Potash.  .\  cow  often 
recovers  from  the  iliscase  \cty  rapiilly,  being  on  her  feel  and 
showing  a  desire  for  food  in  three  or  four  hours  after  improve- 
ment conunences  ;  on  the  other  hand,  they  often  die  very  (piickly. 
It  is  very  hard  to  tell  which  way  the  disease  is  going  to  turn 
from  the  appearance  of  the  animal;  some  cases  which  seem  to  be 
light,  terminate  fatally,  while  what  seem  to  be  very  severe 
cases,  get  well. 

Another  treatment  which  is  coming  iiUo  use,  and  seems  to  l^e 
even  more  successful  than  the  Schniidi  treatment,  is  the  Oxygen 
treatment,  which  consists  in  tilling  the  ndtler  with  Oxygen  gas. 
This  treatment  recjuires  a  veterinarian,  and  in  small  places  they 
cannot  gel  the  gas. 

After  the  cow  gets  up,  give  her  from  i  to  i^<  pounds  of 
Kpsom  Salts,  if  she  did  not  have  any  before  parturition;  and  also 
give  a  tablesponnful  of  Saltpeter,  three  limes  a  day  for  a  few 
da\s.  If  she  has  required  three  or  four  doses  of  the  Iodine 
treatment,  she  will  come  to  her  feed  slowly  anil  also  to  her  milk 
slowlj'. 

Prkvkxtiox. — As  this  disease  can  in  many  cases  be  pre- 
vented, the  preventive  treatment  is  important.  Do  not  give 
heavy  milkers,  rich,  milk-producing  food  for  a  time  before  calving. 
If  the  cow  is  in  good  pasture,  put  her  ir.to  poorer,  or  in  the  stable 
and  feed  hay.  Do  not  feed  silage  after  a  cow  goes  dry,  until  after 
calving.  Keep  the  bowels  loose  \yy  giving  occasional  pound-doses 
of  I;psoni  Salts,  commencing  two  weeks  before,  and  give  every 
three  or  four  days,  giving  the  last  dose,  if  possiljle,  just  before 
she  calves,  or  inunediately  after.  Also  give  Saltpeter,  a  table- 
spoonful  once  or  twice  a  day,  commencing  two  weeks  before 
parturition  should  take  place.  Another  preventive  measure 
which  some  consider  very  valuable,  is  not  to  milk  the  cow  dry 
after  delivery;  taking  oidy  what  the  calf  wants  for  a  couple  of 


fU 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


if  ''   . 


IIJ-  ^ 

i( 

f 

II 

ft'*"' '    ■  • 

pi=  " 

1 

i  T 1 :  ■ 

•1 

li! 


TUBERCULOUS   UDDER  OF  COW 


Tll^crcii'*^^!"^    n 


f    .1    c 


!;Iv    swollen    a".d    quite 


t'lic   i'tW  ~. 


{  till-  Tiii!k   'In.  I-.      Till-  Ti  r.c.nu  iiifii 


t  rH'ic-.iUiu-    ir..itcri.i 


I    f.iil..u- 


(1(  'I      .tH'l 


I'l    1,    Ricat 


Iv     fI'I:ciK"l     :"^'l    C^'IU.-l 


I     will;     y.ll.nv;-h     c 


l.iaiic  of  tlie  iiiill<  cistern   u) 
V    i.,i:tuUi.        rill'    lynlpli.itlc 


iiy    '.i.,l.;iry   tul'c 


l.cvcular   f. 


DISHASES  OF  CATTLK 


435 


(lays,  and  then  gradually  takiiiR  a  little  tnorc,  imlil  the  fifth  or 
-^ixth  day  she  can  he  milked  dry.  Many  tliini;s  go  to  indicate 
that  this  is  a  valuable  preventive  mcasnre,  and  is  j)erfectly  safe. 
Do  not  coinnicnce  to  fei-d  niilk-prodncing  food  for  fc^nr  or  five 
days  after  partnrition.  The  fact  that  an  animal  has  the  disease 
once  is  no  indication  that  she  will  have  it  a>;ain. 


INFLAMMATION   OF  THE    MILK-BAG   OR   UD- 

DER  -MAMMITIS-GARGET.-Tlus  is  an  innanunation  of 
the  mammary  glatid.  Sometimes  the  term  "caked  hag"  is 
applied  to  it.  The  term  "garget  "  is  nsed  more  when  the  milk 
secretioti  i.s  changed,  and  appears  as  a  thick  or  stringy  llnid.  This 
disease  nsnally  occnrs  at  the  time  of  parturition,  bnl  it  may 
appear  any  time  during  the  period  of  lactation. 

Ctiusrs.  -May  arise  from  irritation  or  injury,  as  kicks,  blows, 
or  another  animal  stepping  on  the  udder;  from  the  retention  of 
the  milk  t<x}  long  without  being  drawn,  by  germs  entering  the 
nd<ler;  by  exjwsure,  being  <mt  in  col  I  rains  or  lying  on  wet 
gnmnd.      It  often  fcjllows  thecari.k:  :,iiseof  the  milking  tube. 

Sy7iip/oii!s. — Adverse  t.\-pe  of  maniniitis  that  takes  on  the 
active  inflannnatory  character  may  be  ushered  in  by  a  shivering 
fit,  which  is  succeeded  in  a  short  time  by  fever  and  dullness.  In 
the  milder  forms  these  symptoms  are  absent,  and  only  the  local 
symptoms  in  the  udder  are  present.  The  udder  liecomes  hot,  and 
hard,  red,  swollen,  and  sore.  In  bad  cases,  it  being  so  painful  to 
touch,  the  cow  is  averse  to  Ixiing  milked.  Milk  is  often  curdled, 
and  sometimes  bloodj-.  The  trouble  may  stop  here,  and  terminate 
by  a  change  fo-  the  better,  or  it  may  go  on  to  suppuration, 
the  pus,  in  some  cases,  discharging  inside  and  coming  away  with 
the  milk,  and  in  others,  through  an  opening  on  the  outside. 
.Again  it  may  not  fester  at  all,  but  become  hardened,  and  remain 
[termanently  enlarged,  or  it  may  become  gangrenous  and  slough 
'>!7  The  inflammation  may  attack  one  quarter  only,  or  all  the 
i:dder.  Sometimes  the  only  symptom  indicating  that  there  is 
inflammation  present,  is  a  little  thick  or  bloody  milk.  Some  cows 
ire  auite  susceptible  to  this  condition. 


ii 


'■:■€  *M 


In      • 


436 THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Treatment. — 

If  (Icjx.!i(knt  OH  calving,  and  the  ccw  is  fat  and  fevirisli, 
givf  a  gijotl  laxative: 

Ivpsoin  Salts I  to  2  jioiinds. 

Gin^tr i  omue. 

Water 2  iiuiirts. 

And  follow  this  with  Jj-onnce  doses  of  SaltjKtcr  two  or  three 
times  a  day,  and  in  very  bad  cases,  alon^j  with  this,  15  or  20  drops 
I-'lf.id  Extract  of  Aconite,  and  i  draclun  1  hiid  Ivxtract  of  lielli- 
donna.  Foment  the  ndiler  with  hot  water  several  times  a  da\', 
and  after  each  fomentin),^  rnl>  the  luUler  well  v.ilU  one  of  the  fol- 
lowing:    Campl-.oraled  Oil,  or. 

C.iiii|>lu>rateil  Oil 4  ounces. 

TuriHiitine 1  ounce. 

Shake. 

The  following  is  also  good: 

Witch  Ila/el .-?  ounces. 

Soap  Liniment 3       " 

l-'luid  ]'!xtract  of  r.tlladoiin.i 2  ounces, 

A  very  good  method  is  to  alternate  the  lotions.  In  l)ad 
cases,  the  fomenting  shotdd  he  kept  tip  almost  conlinnonsly;  this 
can  he  done  by  susix;ndiiig  the  udder  in  a  shallow  bag;  to  stis- 
ix."nd,  pass  straps,  or  strings,  from  the  front  corners  of  the  bag 
over  the  loins  and  tie,  and  fnjin  the  back  corners  fif  the  bag 
between  the  hind  legs  and  up,  and  tie  to  the  front  strings  where 
they  pass  over  the  loins.  Place  a  fohled  grain  bag  on  the  loins 
under  the  strings;  pack  in  the  bag,  around  the  inflamed  part  of 
the  udder,  woolen  cloths,  and  pjiir  o\cr  the.se,  every  fifteen 
minutes,  water  as  hot  as  the  animal  will  stand.  If  an  abscess 
forms,  continue  fomenting  until  it  i>oints  and  then  open  and  treat 
a.i  given  for  "Abscesses."  If  it  becomes  hard,  use  Iodine  Oint- 
ment (see  PKK.scKirTiONS,  back  of  book). 

If  the  milk  in  the  udder  is  thick  and  difTicull  to  gel  out, 
inject  into  the  udder  a  little  recently  boiled  water  that  has  cooled 
down  in  die  teakettle;  inject,  as  in  "Milk  I'ever."  After 
iiijectiiig,  gently  knead  the  udder  for  a  few  minutes  to  break  «p 


fsl^ 


DISI^ASIvS  OK  CATTLE 


437 


tlif  lliick  milk,  and  Ihtii  milk  out;  rejK-at  tlit  process,  if  nccts- 
aiy.      If  llK-rc  is  rcaxjii  to  lK.litvc  tlial  the  iiinainmalioii  is  due 
lo  (Ik-  action  of  K^^rms  within  the  lukkr,  inject  into  it  a  mild 
.mli>«.l)tic  lotion,  as: 

J  y>,, ,| 2  ilruhms. 

Water «  'l"^rt. 

Shake. 

Injirt  from  4  to  6  ounces  into  each  affected  quarter;  knead 
:;inily  fur  ten  minutes,  and  then  milk  out;  repeat  three  times  a 

.l.iv. 

In  mild  cases,  where  there  is  simply  a  little  thick  or  bloody 
•,.iilk,  the  dose  of  I'.l^otn  Sails  and  the  tisc  f)f  the  Saltix-'ter  for  a 
I.  w  ilays  will  generally  correct;  if  not,  unc  the  lotions. 

In  the  more  severe  attacks,  feed  liKhlly,  withholding  the 
iiiilL  producing  f(KKls.  Thi^  disease  slumld  alway:,  receive  pnmipt 
.ii.niion,  for  if  severe  it  is  ai>t  to  de>tro-  a  i)orti(m  of  the  udder. 
U  h^n  the  udder  shows  inflammation  1..  le  parturition,  as  it  so 
ii..|iiently  does,  first  try  the  F.psotn  Sa  .s  and  Salti)eter,  and  if 
il.i-.  d(KS  not  check  it,  commence  milking  the  co.,- and  use  the 
l'.t..i!  applications. 

SMALL  ROUND  LUMPS  IN  THE  MILK  PAS- 
SAGE. I.itlle  i)ta  like  tumors  sometimes  grow  in  the  milk 
p.i>-.i:.;c,  in  the  teat,  resulting  in  some  cases  in  its  complete 
.jl.struction  and  the  suliseciuent  loss  of  the  (piarter, 

^rw/i/cw/i.— The  presence  in  the  duct  of  a  siii.iU  !)ody  which 
lirivcnls  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  the  flow  of  the  milk. 

TKi.ATMKNT. — 

This  is  oftentimes  (piite  unsatisfactory.  At  first  try  applying 
I  .  the  outside  of  the  teat,  over  the  obstruction,  Tincture  of  Iodine; 
.:]^\>]y  two  or  three  times  a  day  and  rub  in  well.  If  this  does  not 
lelieve,  alittle  weak  tincture  maybe  injected  directly  into  the 

■  hict:  dilute  a  litth  Tincture  of  Iodine  with  equal  parts  of  water, 

■  l"<e  l!ie  duct  above  the  obstruction,  so  the  solution  cannot  go 
nilo  tlie  udder,  by  pinching  the  teat  between  the  thumb  and 
!  ii-er,  then  inject  into  the  duct  through  a  milking  tube  the 
;...lihe  solution:  repeat  once  a  day.     If  this  fails,  it  is  sometimes 


aes^W- 


43» 


Till':   PRACTICAL  SToCK  DOCTOR 


;?.$,  } 


llil 


i 


pu.^il.V  U,  pas.  a  hue  iuopcl  wire  into  the  duct,  hook  tt  over  the 
oL^tniction  and  remove  il.  Kverythinv;  else  failuij;,  the  ohstn.c- 
,:  „  ...„,  he  out  d.nvn  i.;...n  and  removed:  this  he^t  be  done  when 
liu^  .uw  i>  drv,  l.ul  ean  l-e  >l'.ne  uh.n  giving  nnlk.  Whenever 
„,~vl,!c  kave  the  uivialiwii  to  a  veterinarian.  To  operate,  W>e 
Ihe  Cocaine  solution,  injeclini;  a  little  of  it  insi.lethe  <lnct  as  well 
•■,  ruhbin-  on  the  outride  (see  Oi'iK  atimns,  pa-e  347  '  •  1'-'^^  '^ 
milking  tube,  and  ib.eu  cut  down  onto  the  duct,  just  a  httle  to  one 
.uk-  of  the  -rowth,  an<i  with  a  pair  of  scissors  remove  the  obstruc- 
t,.,.,  Sew  up  the  wnuud.  If  l.iviu-  uulk,  use  the  mdkn.-  tube 
„„.n  ih.e  x\ouud  heals;  if  dry,  i-ass  the  tube  twice  each  (lay 
,„,ul  healed,  to  prevent  duct  from  closing  up.  l^^^  "Passing 
the  Milkinu;  Tube.") 

PASSING  TilE  iYilLKING  TUBE.  The  nnlkin;'  tube 
i.  .,  -rri'l  tube  of  Mlver  <,r  Irnd  rubber,  for  iutrodiicin-  into  the 
duct  of  the  teat  tw  dnuv  the  uulk,  when,  for  ar.y  reason  it  can 
not  be  .ot  in  the  normal  way.  It  is  very  simjde  to  pa.s  the  tube 
up  into  the  teat,  but  ia  order  to  prevent  nu.ammation  ot  the 
luMer  as  the  re -nit  of  the  irritatie-.i  produced,  s-eat  care  should 
bJ  taken  in  n.iuK  the  11,1.;  The  tube  should  bo  perfectly  clean 
and.  before  bein^  n^e.l,  place.l  in  a  Carbohc  Acul  so  uion;  a 
conven-.-nt  uav  to  do  thi^,  is  to  lie  a  >mall  strin-  around  the  end 

which  does  no'tK'-inl-ll--^-^^'^'"'^  ^''^-'^  ^^''"1^  ''''-'  t^'^'^:  '"^"  '' 
.mall  bottle  of  -he  soluiion:  by  leavin,,  the  siru,^  out.ule,  tlu- 
lube  can  be  readily  taken  out  for  use:  put  it  into  the  ^.onitio:,  :. 
few  minute,  before  u>m;;  it;  in  introduein;,  it,  take  ho.d  of  it  be- 
low the  part  which  enters  the  teat,  shake  a  httle  to  remove  the 
Carbolic  lotion,  apply  a  little  clean  Carboh/e<  lardMard.  . 
leacupfnl.  Carbolic  Acid,  i  teaspoonful-and  Kentlv  pu.h  it  into 
the  duct,  introdiiciir^  it  only  far  enough  to  pass  the  obstruction 
Unle.-s  c:nefnlly  used,  the  tube  will  cause  inllummaaoa,  and 
destroy  tlie  quarter. 

BLOODY  MILK.-  .   . 

(  ,v  -H'ood  m;:v  c-cape  with  the  milk  from  injury  lo  the 
,„,„.  ;,l,,„ii  is  congested  or  intlamed.  when  the  circulation 
thr<m  di  the  udder  is,  for  some  rea:.oii,  suddenly  increased,  and 


11    1.1   ._.1    ,..^^;^ol--    riititnre^j 

liiC  SiiiUii  :;iuu'.-i   -. '■ — -^  '  ■  •••1" 


w. 


I 


-DISEASES  OK  CATTLE 


439 


i'la.ATMKNT. — 

The  treatmetit  wi'.l  vary  with  the  cause.  If  fUie  to  injury. 
(■!  inflaiiiination,  treat  as  under  "  Iiiflanmiation  of  the  Udder." 
!t  simply  due  to  a  congestion,  and  there  seems  tube  no  inflani- 
luilion,  give  a  lahlespoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day;  if 
ihis  fails  to  correct  the  trouble,  give  with  the  Saltpeter  a  tea- 
^!.()onful  of  Fluid  Ivxtract  of  Belladonna,  and  apply  to  the  udder 
Ihe  Witch  Hazel  and  Iklladur.na  liniment,  as  for  "  Inflannnation 
•  ,t  the  Udder."  A  doae  of  Epsom  Salts  will  sometimes  prove 
vlTcttnal. 

BLUE  MILK.- 

Cat/.v. —  Vrom  the  ])resence  in  the  milk  of  germs  (bacillus 
o\anogeiuis),  milk  takes  on  a  skyblue  color;  these  germs  gener- 
■iilv  enter  the  milk  after  it  leaves  the  udder,  but  in  some  cases 
ihf  germs  mav  get  into  the  ducts  of  the  teat  aiid  enter  the  milk 
as  it  passes  out.  If  the  germs  are  thought  to  be  in  the  udder, 
n.i^h  it  out  with  tlie  Lysol  solution,  as  recommended  under 
"!ullauimation  of  tlie  Udder."      Use: 

I,ysr>l 2  drachms. 

WaUT I  (luart. 

After  injecting  it  into  the  udder  and  kneadin;;^  the  gland, 
p'r,cc  a  finger  over  the  end  of  the  duct,  force  some  of  the  solution 
iiiio  tiie  duct  and  hold  it  there  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  milk 
out.     Reix^at,  if  necessary.     Also  give  all  milking  utensils  a  good 

scalding. 

STRINGY  MILK."  Stringy  milk  is  another  condition  of 
the  milk  which  is  produced  by  certain  germs  getting  into  it. 
The  germs  may  get  into  the  udder  by  cows  being  allowed  access 
to  stagnant  ponds,  where  they  can  get  the  udder  covered  with 
rind  and  slime.  Cows  giving  milk  should  not  be  allowed  access 
I  )  siagnaiil  {x)nds,  or  be  forced  to  drink  water  from  such  places. 
The  water  they  driuk  should  be  pure. 


rKE.VTMEXT. — 

Same  as  for  "Blue  Milk." 


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440  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

CHAPPED  OR  SORE  TEATS.— 

Causcs.—VTom  anything  that  irritates  them.  The  siuUlen 
chilling  of  the  teat  in  winter  after  the  calf  has  let  go,  or  after  the 
completion  of  milking  with  wet  hand.s  contact  with  cold  water 
or  putrid  water,  or  with  filth  in  lying  down;  from  cows  ruuumg 
through  the  wet  grass;  or,  flies  may  be  the  cause. 

Trk.vtmknt.— 

Each  time,  after  milking,  nil.  the  teats  with  some  healmir 

ointmeul,  as  the  following: 

Vaseline 2  ounces. 

Oxi<U-  of  Zinc I  <lr.'idim. 

Carhoi;     Aei.l 25  drops. 

Mix  well  tot;cllier,  ami  apply  a;i  ilirecteil. 

Or: 

Vaseline 2  ouncen. 

Subnilralcof  I'.isinuUi >4  ounce. 

Carbolic  .Vcid 35  drops. 

Mix. 

Or. 

Glycerine I  ounce. 

Wiuh  Ila/cl .-  I  ounce. 

Carhclic  Acid J^  drachm. 

Shake. 
"White  Lotion"  (page  263),  is  also  good  to  apply    to  th* 

teats.  . 

In  some  cases  a  tablespoonful  of  Saltpeter,  given  internally 

twice  a  day,  will  prove  of  value. 

WARTS  ON  THE  TEATS.— These  are  often  trouble- 
some, yet  they  may  l)e  greatly  txnefited  or  entirely  removed  by 
smearing  them  thickly  afi^r  tacli  milking  with  pure  Olive  Oil. 
If  thev  persist,  they  may  be  cut  of!  with  a  sharp  pair  of  scissors 
and  the  sore  touched  with  a  stick  of  Lunar  Caustic.  They  may 
then  be  oiled  and  the  caustic  repeated  if  necessary,  to  prevent 
their  return.  Applying  a  little  Acetic  Acid  to  the  warts  once  in 
three  or  four  days  will  remove  them.  If  there  are  a  large 
number  on  the  teat,  treat  only  a  few  of  them  at  a  time. 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


441 


CUTS  AND  INJURIES  TO  THE  TEATS.- 

Caiisi-s.—The  teats  of  cows  are  often  injured  by  barb  wire; 
from  other  animals  stepping  on  them,  etc. 

Tkkatment. — 

The  treatment  will  deix-nd  upon  the  injury.  If  a  cut,  and 
it  extends  into  the  duct,  it  should  be  sewed  up;  if  the  teat  is  torn, 
the  edges  must  be  brought  together  in  such  a  way  as  not  to  leave 
llie  duct  open.  To  sew  up,  first  apply  to  the  edges  of  the  wound 
a  httle  of  the  Cocaine  solution  (see  Oi'Kkations,  page  347),  tlien 
Ining  the  edges  togetlur  and  hold  them  there  with  stitches.  Be 
M'.re  the  W(mnd  :;4  cknn  before  sewing  up  (see  Woi-XDS).  Draw 
the  milk  with  a  milking  tube  until  healed,  and  keep  the  cow 
quiet  and  well  '     Ided. 

Iiiiuries  wUnh  do  not  open  theduct  may  be  treated  with  oint- 
ment as  under  "  Chapped  or  Sore  Teats."  When  the  end  of  the 
teat  is  injured,  care  must  be  taken  or  the  duct  will  close  and 
make  milking  difficult.  To  prevent  this,  keep  in  the  end  of  the 
teat  a  little  plug,  shaped  something  like  a  bone  collar  button,  a 
i)Utton  with  a  rather  small  round  head  answers  fairly  well  if  the 
neck  of  the  button  is  large  enough  to  keep  the  duct  from  closing 
too  nuich.  Keep  this  in  the  end  of  the  duct  all  the  time,  except 
when  milking,  and  use  a  tube  for  drawing  the  milk  until  the 
injury  is  healed. 

FISTULA,  OR  EXTRA  DUCTS  OF  THE  TEAT. 

—Sometimes  an  extra  duct  will  lead  from  the  main  duct  out  on 
the  side  of  the  teat,  or  at  one  side  of  the  end,  the  extra  duct 
eadmg  into  the  main  duct  before  it  reaches  the  udder;  sometimes 
llie  extra  duct  will  lead  into  a  small,  extra  gland  near  the  base 
of  the  teat. 

Cutsrs.—Tlv^  condition  is  present  at  birth,  except  where  it 
results  from  an  improperly  treated  wound. 

Tki'.atmknt. — 

If  the  two  ducts  unite  before  reaching  the  udder,  close  the  one 
wiiich  is  out  of  place  as  follows:  Rub  the  end  of  theduct  for  a  few 
minutes  with  the  Cocaine  solution  (.see  Oi'HR.\Tiox.s,  page  347), 
thin  make  a  little  cut  about  half  an  inch  long  through  the  center  of 


r  ( 


442 


TII:v  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


■     iff 


i«3     '  .i 


tl      ; 


the  cpciiing  and  lengthwise  of  the  teat— cut  in  about  one-half 
way  10  the  main  duet  ;  then  scraiiethe  duct  where  it  is  cut  open 
until  it  is  raw,  and  put  in  a  stitch  and  draw  the  edges  of 
the  wound  (dose  together.  The  be-t  time  to  operate  is  when  the 
cow  is  dry.  If  giving  milk,  xix  the  milking  tube  until  the 
wound  heals. 

If  the  extra  duct  leads  into  a  small  gland,  the  little  gland 
can  be  destroyed  by  injecting  into  it  a  little  diluted  Tincture  of 
Iodine  :  dilute  a  little  Tincture  of  Iodine  with  an  ecpia'  aiiiount 
of  water  and  inject  a  little  of  it  in'D  the  part  to  be  destroyed. 
This  will  set  up  intlannnation,  which  will  dL-strcy  the  part. 
Before  doing  this,  l)e  sure  the  ext-a  dnct  doe-  not  lead  into  the 
main  gland  :  in  such  a  case  do  not  inject,  but  close  the  end  as 
tkseiibed  above. 

STRICTURE  OF  THE  DUCT  AT  THE  BASE  OF 

THE  TEAT.-— Sometimes  it  i-,  fouml.  wIk-u  a  cow  freshens,  that 
the  milk  will  not  come  down  into  tb.e  teat— it  is  elf.--.cd  where  it 
joins  the  udder  The  closure  is  due  tf)  a  membrane  forming 
across  the  duct,  where  it  unites  with  the  cavity  in  the  udder. 

Trk.vtmknt.— 

The  treatment  is  to  break  the  membrane;  this  can  Ite  done 
by  pushing  a  milking  lube  throu-h  it,  Imt  the  hole  thus  made  is 
so  small  that  the  milk  will  not  eonie  down,  except  through  the 
tube,  and  by  passing  the  tube  :it  each  milking,  the  rjuarler  soon 
becomes  inflamed,  and  so  the  teat  bi^loury  lias  to  be  u>ed  and  the 
stricture  cut  To  use  the  instrument,  tlie  little  knife  is  drawn 
within  the  tube,  it  is  then  passed  the  same  as  a  milking  tube 
until  the  knife  is  beyond  the  stricture,  the  knite  is  lhe!i  inished 
out  and  the  instrnmeiU  <lr:'wndown  pa^t  the  stricture,  cutting  it; 
when  below  the  stricture,  the  knife  is  again  C)ncial(M!  and  tlh 
instrument  withdrawn  from  the  teat.  Il  m.iy  be  necessar\-  to  cul 
the  stricture  in  two  directions.  The  milk  ll..-,\ing  through  at 
milking  time  will  keep  the  cut  fmm  eloping  up. 

ABORTION  AND  PRElVix\TURE  BIRTH.— Prema- 
ture expulsion  of  the  f.etus  is  c:dled  .ab.ortiou  ni  the  earlier 
i>,_rio.k  .:i  ■.Mslalion.  ai;ii    pren-.alnre  birth    in   the  latter   part  of 


DISKASKS  OF  CATTLlv 


443 


1 
■  iv 


gestation.     It  uot  iiifrc(iut;til!y  takes  on  a  contagious  character, 
',,;iicli  will  be  treated  under  "Coutagious  Abortion." 

Cuusrs.  -  Poor  conclition;  weakne.s.s  and'too  watery  a  state  of 
the  blood;  bein-   lux>k,d   or    pushed    about    by  other  cattle,  or 
kicked  or  clubbetl  by  brutal  nltendants;  jumjiin^r,  k-apitii;  or  fall- 
.nK;  irritant  poisons;  and  any  severe  sickness  may  act   as  causes. 
SxmpLuns.     In  the   first  two  or  three  ironlhs  of  pregnancy 
no  symptoms  may  have  been  ol:)Served,   an  -.   unless  tlie  aborted 
i.:o.luct    is   seen,  the   fact    of   .abortion   may  escape   notice.     The 
,',.w  coming  in  heat  later  on,  su-gests  that  the  accident  hapix-ne.l. 
r.ome   soiling  of  tlie  tail  with  mucus,  blood,  and  the  waters,  may 
be  seen,  or  udder  show  Inmue^s,  and  in  virgin  heifer  or  <iry  cow 
a  few  drops  of  milk  noted,  or   the  fielus  with  mend)ranes  found. 
Ill  advanced  pregnancy,  ab.>rlio!i  is  much  tin-  same  as  parturition 
like  symiitoms.     The  inn«.rtant  thini;  is  to  distinguish   the 
symptoms  m  order  to  apply  treatnn  nt,  and  try  to  arrest  the 
p.oure^s  (,f  the  trouble.      A  cow  i<  dull,  sluggish,  separate  from 
I'he  herd,  cliewing  cud  languidly,  or  tlure  may  be  frequent  lying 
,!ii\vn  and  rising:  r.'ua-y  motions  of  liind  leet  or  tail;  b.ack  arched 
carl  tail  carried  well  back  from  the  body,  and  sli-htly  accelerated 
pidse  L.nd  breathing.    If  these  conditions  exist  in  a  pregnant  cow, 
.  xiimine  for  anv  increase  in   mucus  in  vagina,   or    for   blood   or 
a.itnd  there  or  on  root  of  the  tail:   for  enlargement,  or  firmness 
of' the  udder,  or  in  dry  cows  for  nnlk,  and  for  any  slight  .straining 
like  labor  pains. 

.Mthough  tlie  first  symptoms  of  trouble  may  have  appeared, 
in  some  ca^es,  fn.rther  ])rogress  can  be  checked,  v^o  lor  •;  as  the 
luetus  has  not  p'en-'.ie.l,  or  water  discliarged,  nor  water-bag  pre- 
'■ented,  progress  of  .li.ease  slundd  be  stayed,  if  possible;  and  as 
\i  is  impossible  to  tell  whether  these  coiulitions  <lo  exist  or  not, 
the  treatnunt  is  given  to  all  c.ises.  If  any  of' the  forcgonig  con- 
di'ionshave  taken  place,  the  trtatment  will  be  unsuccessfid.  and 
aliortioTi  will  t:ike    ;)lace. 

'1'kic.\tmi:ni'.-" 

Pku-e  the  animal  in  a  (piiet  place,  and  give  (pncting  drtigs; 
Ciiloral  ll\(lrate  in  i' •-ounce  doses,  or  Laudanum  in  -^-ounce 
^losc-.,   uivin-    either    one   with   a    .Iraehm   of    I'Inid    I'xtract   of 


If  -r 


;■  i 


444 


TIIlv  PRACTICAL  .STOCK  DOCTOR 


,^^i  i 


Iklladotina  in  ;.'  pinlof  waUr;  repeat  in  two  hours;  nRaiii  in  three 
ur  four  hours:  autl  tlicn  three  or  four  times  a  da}-.  Also  give  from 
I  to  j-ounce  (loses  of  I'.lack  Haw  (l'ibii>>ii<)>i  JViiuifo/iiiiii} , 
repeated  three  times  a  (hiy.  Thi>  dru.i;  has  a  special  (luittiu.v. 
action  on  the  uterus.  If  treatment  fails,  the  labor  will  increase 
and  tiie  foetus  l.e  expelled.  Where  it  takes  jilacx  late  in  the 
period  ot  j^estation.  a>si>tance  ma\'  be  needed  ;is  wilh  normal 
partnriti.'in,  and  the  s  'iie  jirincipks,  willi  re^a.rd  to  lUaking  an 
examination,  should  l>e  carried  out. 

The  after  treatment  is  important;  if  there  is  any  reason  to 
suspect  contagious  abortion,  treat  as  under  "Contagious  Abortion" 
in  C()NT.\r,iofs  I)ist:ASKS  oi'  C.\ttl1':.  If  thought  to  l)e  due  to 
other  causes  than  contagion,  keep  the  cow  by  herself  for  a  week  or 
two,  feed  laxative  foods,  or,  if  these  cannot  be  had,  give  ,' j-pound 
doses  of  Kpsom  Salts  every  second  or  third  'hiy;  also  give  a  table- 
sjioonful  of  Saltpeter  anil  a  teaspoonful  of  I'luld  I'ixtract  of 
Belladonna  three  times  a  day  for  a  week.  It  is  also  well  to  flush 
out  the  womb  once  a  day  with  an  aiUiseptic,  or  an  astringent, 
lotion,  as  for  "  Inflannnatiou  of  tlie  Womb."  Do  not  breed  the 
cow  again  for  two  or  three  months.  Abortion  is  ipULC  apt  to  be 
followed  wilh  leucorrhea,  and  so  the  .after-treatment  is  important. 
If  the  after-birth  does  not  come  away,  it  should  be  removed  the 
same  as  with  normal  parturition. 

BARRENNESS  IN  COWS  AND  BULLS-STER- 
Il.ITY. — This  is  an  inability  to  reproduce  the  species.  Such 
ai'  animal  i;.  called  a  "non-breeder."  The  troul'Ie  is  more 
common  among  i)ure  l-red,  highly-fed  cattle  than  with  the 
so-c'illed  "  scrubs."  * 

Cdusci.  In  cows,  from  their  being  kept  in  a  high  condition  : 
from  diseased  ovaries  ;  coiUractcd  or  disea-ed  neck  of  the  womb; 
fn.m  womb  being  deformed  in  some  wa.w  a-  twisted  to  one 
side;  beuig  one  of  twins,  theother  of  which  isabtil!— a  free-martin; 
from  altered  mucus  secretions  ;  leucorrhea,  etc. 

In  bulls,  it  may  be  from  fatty  degeneration  of  th.?  testicles, 
seen  most  in  old  bulls  ;  from  malformation  or  disease  of  the 
genital  organs;  from  high  feeding  and  too  little  exercise  :  from 
iM^f^x  feed,!!;!.'  ;  the  usin"'  too  freely,   especially  when  youi.^. 


DlSICASl'S  OF  CATTLE 


445 


111  both  bulls  ami  cows,  it  may  come  from  being  too  closely 

;i;l)rc(l  for  .several  gcueralions. 

TkicatmI'-.nt. — 

In  cow-,  if  from  liish  condition,  restrict  feed,  give opportun- 
ilies  for  liberal  exercise,  and  i;ive  her  a  physic  of   i  Ji   iwunds  of 
J/iKoni  Salts  in  a  (luart  of  tepid  water,  as  a  drench  ,  also  j^ive  a 
;  ;i.k>poonful   of  Saltpeter  twice   a  day   for  two  or  three  weeks. 
i.xamine  the  cow  anil  if  the  mouth  of  the  womb  is  closed,    .ry  to 
.■l-cn  it  by  Kently  inserting  the  finger.      If  this  i^  diffic-.tU,  tie  a 
^inng  to  a  small  wad  of  cotton  batthig,  saturate  with  the  Fluid 
i'.xlracl  of  Belladonna  and  press  th:.>  into  the  mouth  of  the  womb 
■d  leave  it  there  f(jr  an  hour  ;  also  give  a  teaspoonfnl  of  the 
li.lladonna    internally    and  apply  hot  applications  to  the  loins. 
Alter  ar.  hour  or  two,  again  try  to  open  the  womb  and,  if  success- 
!  il.  breed  the  cow.    Cone-shaped  structures  made  of  sponge,  called 
leuts,"   are  also  used  to  press  into  tlie  mouth  of   the  wimib, 
which,  when  moisiened,  soften  and    enlarge  the  mouth.     These 
can  be  procured  of  instrument  dealers.     If  there  is  leucorrhea  or 
any  disease  of  that  nature  present,  treat  by  tlushing  out  the  womb 
,.s  described  under  "Leucorrhea,"  using  the  .same  lotions.     If 
.\\r\  thing  seems  to  be  normal,  and  yet  the  cow  fails  to  conceive, 
.:\f  lor  one  month  the  tonics   as   recommended  for  "Chronic 
huligestiou,"  and  follow  this  for  two  weeks  with  the  toUowing  : 

I'b;..l  Kxlr.ift  of  r.ollad(jnna I  (Iraehin. 

Caniphor I  dnichin. 

.Viafclida I  draclini. 

Thin  I.inseed  jrruL-i  I  pint. 

Give  as  one  dose,  twice  daily. 

In  case  of  the  bull,  if  he  has  been  closely  confined,  and  rather 

i',i;.;i;'iy  fed,  reduce  the  feed  and  give  exercise;  to  do  this,  stretch 
a  large  wire  between  two  posts  or  trees  which  are  some  distance 
■part,  and  liigh  enough  so  tlie  bull  can  pass  under  it;  have  a  ring 
..n  il-ic  wire,  and  near  the  ends  fasten  something  to  the  wire  so 
I'.iw  ling  will  noi  slip  up  close  to  the  tree  (keep  it  far  enough 
iway  so  the  bull  cannot  pass  around  the  tree  and  get  tangl'.d  uni 
and  fasten  the  bull  to  the  ring  on  the  wire  by  means  of  a  rope  four 
1"!  six  feet  Ion",  fastened  to  the  ring  in  his  nose.     If  he  does  not 


:      ,1 


'1:    : 
i               =■  i 

i 

^,r,  Till':   rkA'^TlCAI,  STOCK   IKJCTOR  _^ 

fMTti^r  mt'.ch.  makf  liiin,  l>y  takiii-  a  whip  nnd  driviiij;  liiiii 
buLk  an-l  iorlh  :u  a  y^ouA,  >1kui>  jxict.' for  half  an  hour,  Ihrc-c  times 
a  cl  ly.  Alter  he  gel^  ^\v\w  ]>. 'mi,  ^r:i,luall\  l.iiii-  him  hack  into 
cncHtion  again  hy  ^;!"hI  leol,  a;ul  tin-  n^c  uf  Ih^:  tcuics  as  for 
"Clnunic  Indi,i;i.^.tiiin,"  aiul  Lontiniic  the  c.\crci<c.  During  trtat- 
HKiit,  do  not  ahou-  liin;  lo  oj\xr  any  cows.  Working,'  in  a  tread 
ixnver  i-  excellent  exercise  for  a  hull.  If  there  i:  any  disease  ol 
ihe  Generative  orjans,  tri.at  aco( ^rdin-ly. 

NYMPHOMANIA.  -  This  is  an  excess  of  desire  for  sexual 
inteiroiv-e  on  tin  jKirl  of  the  cosv.  Such  co\\>  will  take  thehidl 
at  any  time,  hul  lare'y  ever  conceive,  and  when  they  do,  learly 
always  abort.     In  some  sect!(jns  they  are  called  "  bullers." 

rrtz/.y.*.— IVuallv  fiom  chronic  inlkiiiimation  of  s(;mc  of  the 
,i;iT,erative  i'1m;ui-,.  1;  r.i.iy  ;il>o  be  excited  by  an  excess  of  highly 
niiro-enou-.  i^ud.  a,,  beai.s,  jPLa-,  Vetches,  wheat  bran,  middlings, 
L-tc.:  espccijbv  if  ih'.K-  '-  a  l:,ck  .  ;  i  xerci- _•,  and  subject  to  tlie 
lou-taut  a>.oeiatiou  ..f  .i  \■i;_vlIou^.  NoUiig  bull. 

.S"i 7 '.•■/'/. v,v..  'I'll.-  .UMiiial  is  in  -i  state  of  continual  sexiuil 
excitJuiLiit,  and  i  ,;■.,■,  iaiii  b,  riding,  or  being  ri.lden,  by  other 
caliK-:  in  l)a<l  casi  >,  ihv  e  m  ileuicui  and  aetiuus  are  such  a.-^  le 
keep  llie  animal  in  jmor  Hc.-.h. 

TkI',  \-iMr.NT. — 

Till--  will  v.iry  with  the  can-e.  Overfeeding  on  rich  food 
-dionld  be  -toii])ed,  and  exercise  given  ni  an  or)en  field  by  lierself. 
l)i~^;i>e'l  ovaries  m  be  removed  by  spaying  (see  in  OpKKA- 
'ih'.xsi.  Catr.rrh  of  the  womb  an.!  passages  may  be  treated  as 
called  for  in  "  T.encorrhea."  Inter. lally  give  i-iK>und  doses  of 
J-;psom  Sall>  every  four  or  five  days,  and  also  use  the  following: 

I'hiidl-lxtn'.cl  of  I'.i'U.ilonii.i I  dr.ic'mn. 

CaiUT'lKir  -  'Irachins. 

vS;iltl.rt,  r  Yi  ounce. 

Thin  gnu-1   ;i  pint. 

Q,\\-  ■i.'^  one  iL ,  i ,  twice  a  day.     Continue  for 

twowieks,  witlihoM,  niid   tli'.-a   give  aLjiiin  if 

nccos.ary. 


81 


;K 


I)isi:asi:s  of  cattm-: 


n7 


DISEASES  OF  YOUNQ  CALVES 


SUSPENDED    BREATHING    IN    NEW   BORN 

CALVES.      The   iiioiaeiil    tile    ciri  uhitioii    tliiou^;!!    the    navel 

trine;    is    stopped,   death   proinplly    follows  links';    breathing  is 

e:'tal)lishe(l.      Fortunately  tlio  desire  to  breathe,  aronsed  by  the 

>  irciilation  of  the  venous  bkxxl  and   tlit  reflex  action  from  the 

wet   and  elnllin^'  skin,  usually  at  once  starts  the  contractions  of 

tile  diapiira.mu  and  other  respiratory  muscles,  and  life  is  insured. 

Cii/isfs.     Amon^  the  cau.ses  of  susix.nded    breathing   bef.)re 

iiid  during  birth  are:   compression   of   the   navel   cord  stopping 

liietilalion,  wliile  fictus  is  still  iu  such  a  p<jsition  that  respiration 

iinnot  conuneiice;   the  det.ichinent  of   fetal  membranes  from   the 

\MM!ib  too  er.rly  in  the  aet  of   parturition;  a  run  <lij\vu,  weakened 

'iidiiion  in  the  calf  from  starvation  or  disease  in  the  cow;   faint- 

:i  ■.    I!  a  debilitated  calf,  when  calving  has  been  prolonged;   when 

the  (.ilf    is  bum  with  head  so  wiaj)pe(l  in   membranes  that  it  cau- 

.'■il  !ire:it!ie;  and  tenacious  phlegm  in  mouth  and  no.se  acting  in 

li'ke  inainier. 

'I'   :  '.r\ii':.vT,  - 

<.".'v(  atte-nlion  lo  calf  at  once  and  relieve  it  of  its  investing 
iii..i!ib.,.nes,  and  of  any  nuicus  that  has  accumulated  in  nose  and 
r.i!>iitli.  Wiping  out  the  ne'se  deei)ly  with  the  finger  or  n  feather 
excites  to  sneezing,  and  in  this  way  to  breathing.  Blowing  into 
iiie  nose  has  a  similar  effect.  Sucking  the  nostril  through  a  tube 
;i'ied  lo  it  is  even  more  effective.  Slapping  the  chest  with 
1  ii'.i  of  hand  or  with  a  towel  di])ped  m  cold  water  compression 
.1  I'l  relaxation  alternately  of  walls  of  the  chest,  by  carrying  the 
!:"!it  legs  forward  and  apart,  and  then  back,  and  crow-'ed 
I':,  ether,  at  ;he  rate  of  about  twenty  movements  per  minute, 
"  ly  start  the  action,  and  ammonia  fumes  or  tobacco  s'.noke 
!  •i>W!i  into  the  nose  may  suffice.  I''\ery  second  is  jirecious,  bow- 
'  'cr,  and  if  po.ssible  the  linigs  should  be  dilatid  by  forcing  air 
into  them  from  a  bellows  or  from  human  lungs.     As  the  air  is 

lie'Wi.  in  IhroiiTh   h<»!!n'vs  nr  fnhf     ttio  !ir>rsr>r  r-iiA  r\f   ih.i^  ffi-.-'-^i-^f 


'e'Wn  in  through  bellows  nr  tube,  the  upper  end  of  tl'.c  wi 


'f 


44" 


Tlllv  I'UACTICAI.  STOCK   DOCTOR 


I 

i 


1 

f^h 

: 

:  ' 

: 
1 

ji| 

vr  ^'T 

f «  ''[^ 

51        ' 

"      I 

iij 

■     :     '. 

,  '•  .■<* 

M  -i 

i 

hi 

, 

i»! 


f-  1 


H 


i   I: 


SI 


hi 


,„usi  Ik  i..x..ca  Lack  ..gainst  the-  };t,ll.l,  or  olhcnvis.-  tho  air  will 
...  to  the  Muinach.  In  a  lar^c  .lairy,  a  i-kcv  of  elasfc  tub.i.K 
onc-tlnnl  inch  m  Lore,  should  ho  kcvt  at  hand  lur  suckuiK  or 
hlowin:^  ill  MU'h  ca>es. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NAVEL.  Thi-  may  liapiK-n 
i„  two  way.-<Nhc.i  Ihc  cor.l  i.  cut  oil  too  clo.c  to  the  nav-l  aiul 
left  uiiliccl.  and  Nvhcii  it  tear,  oil  at  the  navel.  It  may  al^o  h  ccd 
xvhu,  torn  across  naturally,  if  ,1  is  suckc<l  hy  the  d,un  or  aiio  her 
calf.  In  ail  animal  thai  has  Imt  little  pla-Ucity  to  its  olood.  it 
•  will  !lo\v  under  :dmust  any  circninstaiices. 

"'where 'anv  cord  is  left  it  i>  always  safe  to  lie  it,  and  it  is 
only  when  swollen  and  when  it  may  contain  a  loop  of  the  l.owel, 
thai  there  i>  any  danger  of  doin«  so.  Ily  presMn^'  upward  any 
bulky  contents,  such  dair^er  is  avoided.  If  torn  or  cut  too  d-sc 
tn  be  tied,  the  hleedin«  may  bc  checked  by  applyiHK^  powdered 
\him  or  Copperas  hol.lins  in  place  with  compress  and  li^dit 
bandage  around  the  body,  or  by  holding  aj^ain^l  it.  for  a  traction 
of  a  second,  the  end  of  a  rod  at  dull-re.l  heat.  Ilefore  tyuv:,  the 
cord  or  applying  the  astringent,  wa.h  with  Carbolic  Acid  lotu^n 
ami  also  wet  the  strin-,  which  is  u.sed  to  lie  around  the  cord, 
in  the  same  solution. 

URINE  DISCHARGED  THROUGH  THE  NAVEL. 
-IJefore  birth  the  Urine  passes  froih  the  bladder  by  a  si-ecial  lube, 
the  urachus,  through  the  navel  and  string'  into  the  outer  waler- 
ba<.  This  at  birth  closes,  and  in  the  calf  the  lube  is  drawn  m 
toward  the  bladder.  It  is  more  likely  to  remain  open  in  the  bull- 
calf.  The  urethra  is  somelimes  abnormally  narrow,  or  even 
closed,  in  the  male. 

'^"'n'p^'o^hecord  remains,  lie  it.  as  for  ■■Rleedin,  from  the 
NaveV  and  allow  it  to  wither  up  naturally.  If  the  end  is  too 
short  io  lie,  apply  the  astringents  a.  for  bleedin,.  A  b  ister  .^ 
SpaiiLh  Hy.  causin,  swelling  of  the  skin  will  often  close 
..rifice.  A  hot  iron  may  also  be  used.  ^  If  the  urethra  oMIk 
male  1.-1  cio.scci,  unei 


....  1...  ,„,-,.,  ,1    -,11,1  tlu>  urachus  is  closed, 
.i-^^i  1.^  i  .^.. ......  " 


UISKASKS  Ol'  CATTIJi ^449 

llie  urine  will  colU-ct  in  the  Madder  and  cause  d(.atli,  but  oftcn- 
liincs  after  the  nrachus  isdt^scd  the  urine  will  pass  out  through 
the  natural  channel. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  NAVEL  URINE- 
DUCT 

Causes. — Inflanunation  of  the  nrachus,  or  navel  urine-duct, 
may  arise  from  direct  injury  to  navel  in  calving  or  shortly  alter, 
with  or  without  irritant  or  septic  matter  on  its  cut  or  lacerated  en<l. 

5)7///)/c/«.?.— There  i^  rednos  and  swelling  at  the  jjosterior 
part  of  the  navel  and  an  escajn;  of  urine  and  a  whitish  serous  pus 
from  the  orifice  of  the  nrachus.  Where  the  mine  is  not  dis- 
>harged  there  is  a  tender  swelliiiK.  like  a  tliick  cord,  that  extends 
Mi)ward  and  backward  from  navel  tt;  alKlomen,  Xavel  enlarue- 
iiient  may  l>e  consideraMe,  hut  it  is  ^olid,  and  caimot  he  pressed 
1'  ick  into  abdomen  as  in  hernia.  In  cases  at  first  closed,  the  i)ns 
may  hurst  out  later  from  back  part  of  navel  and  swelling  e.xlend 
'ackward.  In  some  case.^  whitish  pus  m:iy  pass  in  urine  by 
inlinary  chamiel,  showing,'  that  it  has  opened  back  into  bladder. 
in  other  cases  the  umbilical  veins  are  involved,  and  swelling 
extends  forward  as  well  as  backward.  Disease  may  result  in 
destructive  disorders  of  the  liver,  lungs,  and  above  all,  of  the 
joints. 

TKK.VTMENr.  - 

Disease  mav  be  warded  off,  or  made  comparatively  harmless, 
by  applying  antiseptics  to  the  navel  string  at  birth,  as  : 

Carholio  .\ci(l I  lcasi)OOufin. 

Glyci-rine a  ounces. 

Water 2  ounces. 

Mix  and  ajiply. 

After  a  day  or  two,  if  discharge  continues,  apply  White 
Lotion  (see  Pkkscriptions,  in  back  of  book).  If  inflammation 
is  extensive,  apply  hot  fomentations  or  a  poultice,  holding  in 
jilace  by  a  bandage  about  the  body.  If  joints  become  affected, 
treat  as  under  the  next  disorder.  In  bad  cases,  also  give  inter- 
nally 5  drops  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna  and  a  tablespoonful 
of  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter  in  a  little  water,  three  or  four  times 
day. 


>i-A 


i' 


I 
I 


1    II? 


Mi 


MiMiiiiJi  i 


:l  J'-  -it 
0^ 


43U  TiUv  I'RACTICAL  STUCK  DOCToR 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  JOINTS  IN  CALVES 
—JOINT-ILL.  TIun  liccnrs  in  jouiik  talvi.'.^  witliiii  llic  first 
nn'iiili>  alter  liirtli.  It  m.iy  attack  .iii\'  nf  tlit-  JDiiits,  ((uilc  ofltii 
tliv  IkhIcs  or  kuccs,  and  is  iiMially  ctjiunvlcd  with  iiillauimation 
of  tlic  navel. 

Sjnii/>toni^ — Arc  >\vclliii);  in  one  or  more  joint-.,  wliicli  arc 
very  hot  and  tender.  C.df  ih  stifT  and  lame,  lies  down  constantly, 
and  does  not  .snck;  there  is  very  hii^h  fever,  and  <|nickened 
l)reatliiiiv;  and  pnlse;  and  there  is  inflammation,  swellinj^,  and 
j>us-like  (lischar>;e  ofli  n  fetid -from  tlic  navel.  There  may  also 
lie  symptoms  of  disease  of  liver,  lun^s,  heart,  or  bowels,  but  the 
imiM)rtant  iH)int  is  to  look  to  condition  of  the  n.i\el  in  all  sitch 
ca>es  of  diseased  and  swollen  joints  lieyinning  in  the  first  month 
of  life. 

TkKATMK.N'T. — 

Treat  navel  as  in  prtcedini;  disorder.  I-'omenl  the  joints  with 
hot  water,  by  pnt'ni;;;  a  heavy  woolen  baiida;j;c  abont  them  .and 
wetting  this  with  hot  water,  as  hot  as  the  animal  can  stand, 
CI  vcr  the  wet  bandaj^es  with  a  dry  blanket;  re  ai)ply  the  water 
every  half  hour:  also  bathe  the  joints  well,  two  or  three  times  a 
day,  with  the  following  liniment: 

Soap  I.iiiitiu'Mt ,;  ounces. 

Wilih  II;i/cl 2  oiiiu-e:;. 

Turin  iiline l  ounie. 

I.au'l.inuin 2  ounces. 

Shr.kf. 

White  Lotion  (paj;c  2f)", ),  is  also  -ood  to  bathe  the  jointh 
with. 

Internally  give  the  followinj^: 

l-'luid  Extract  of  Ilelladonn.i 2  ilr.ichins. 

I'luid  Extract  of  Aconite  )i  dracliri. 

I'luid  I'.xtract  Colchicum  Seed I  'j  drachms. 

Sweet  Spirits  nf  Niter 4  ounces. 

Water,  touiake i  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:     i  ounce,  three  or  four  times 
»  day. 


DISICASKS  <)!•  CATTIJ, 


43' 


Also  give: 

lIyiK)Milj)Iutr  <if  Soda 1  .':■  .clillis. 

(Juiniiie lo  L'niins. 

Three  tiiiuri  a  d  i)  in   i  lilllc  tliiii  j;nn.-l. 

If  ,il)s<'csj<cs  form  alndit   joint,  treat  as  rtcomracndcd  uiultT 

"Absccss.s." 

CONSTIPATION  IN  CALVES-RETENTION  OF 
THE  MECONIUM.  At  uiilh  the  IkavxIs  of  a  calf  contain 
ilic  '  inccoiiiutu,"  a  tenacious,  kIik-'}'.  brounisli-ytliow  material 
l.ir^;i.Iy  (krivcd  from  tlic  liver,  which  sluaild  he  e.\iK.lle<l  within  a 
-hurt  time  after  hirth,  that  they  ina\  s^o  on  with  their  natural 
(iinction.  The  first  milk  of  the  cow — colostrum — rich  in  albumen 
:i'iil  salts,   is  nature's  laxative   to  cxj-el   the  meconium,    ami    it 

■nnM  never  Ik:  withheld  from  the  calf.  If  fur  lack  of  this,  fn.m 
ilie  dry  feeding  of  the  cow,  or  from  any  other  cause,  the  calf  i^- 
o /stive,  straining  violently  without  pas-sage,  lying  donii  an-' 
•!^in.v;  as  in  colic,  and  falling  in  appetite,  no  time  should  be  lo:', 
111  uiviiig  relief:  give  an  ounce  or  two  of  Castor  Oil  and  i  drachm 
C.i-cara  Sagrada,  assisting  the  action  by  injc^tion.s  of  warm  sonp 

'!d>  or  oil  into  the  rectum.  Whatever  meconium  is  within  reach 
lit  tlie  finger  should  be  carefull>  --emoved.  It  is  also  im])ortant 
1)  -ive  the  cow  a  sloppy,  laxative  liet.  If  the  oil  fails  to  move 
I'le  bowels,  give  from  i  to  j  ounces  of  Ivpsom  Salts  i".  "i  1'ttle 
■,v,irm  water. 

The  following  may  also  be  given  in  obstinate  cases: 

l-'luiil  l-^xliacl  of  Nhx  Vomica Ii>  dnvps. 

I'luid  K-tlract 'if  J.ibiiraiidi  20       " 

Arainatio  Spirits  Aimiionia I  tcaspixiliful. 

Water  to  make 2  oiiiues. 

Shake.    Give  as  one  dose;  re{)cat  three  times 
a  day  if  necessary. 

Restrict  the  f<;v.-«i  until  the  bowels  move. 


if! 


INDIGESTION  IN  YOUNG  CALVES^ 

'^aitscs. — This  may  occur  from  different  causes,  as  costive- 
less,  a  too  liberal  milk  supply;  too  rich  milk;  the  furnishing  of 


452 


THE   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


■■In 


it; 


the  milk  of  a  cow  Idii.il;  after  ciilvinj;,  to  a  veiy  N^oiing  calf;  allow- 
ing a  ".alt  lo  >iK-k  llie  hrsl  milk  truiii  a  cow  llial  ha^,  in  any  way, 
hfcii  violciilty  excited;  too  long  intervals  betweeti  feetliiij;;  dirty, 
fermeiiteil  milk;  from  feeding  the  mother  tmwliolesome  food; 
l)a(l  (itiarler--;  feediu.L;  >lare-liy,  artificial  food;  or  overfeeding  c. 
artifiiial  food.  Licking  hair  off  themselves,  or  otliers,  and  the 
formation  of  same  into  halls  in  the  storiiach,  canses  olistinate  indi- 
gestion. 

.SVw/Aw.^.  -Are  dulhies-,  indis])osition  tomo\e,  uneasiness, 
eructations  of  gas  from  the  stomach,  .sour  breath,  more  or  less 
loss  of  aiiiKlite,  lying  down  and  rising  as  if  in  pain,  fullness  of 
the  ahdMuieu.  which  gives  out  a  drum-like  sound  when  tapped 
with  the  fingers.  The  cosliveiiess  may  he  marked  at  first,  hut  it 
soon  gi\-'.s  place  to  diarrhea,  hy  which  offensive  matters  may  he 
carried  off,  and  heaUh  restored.  In  other  c.Tes  it  runs  into 
nitlanuiiation  of  the  l>i>wels,  fever  .-els  in,  .ind  calf  ultimately 
dies. 


^i 


Tki.  ATMl-.NT.     - 

To  rle:ir  the  bowels,  give  I  to  ^  ounces  Castor  OU,  and  also 
Use  the  jirex-ription  as  reconuneuded  in  the  ]>revediug  lii.sortler, 
a.d.ling  lo  ihops  h'lv.id  h'xtr.'ict  of  I'.eHadouna  in  case  of  nuich 
pain:  and  if  .sour  eructations  of  gas  from  stomach  are  marked, 
give  _•  tahlespooufuls  of  Lime  water,  or  i  leasixxjnful  Cooking 
Soda  two  or  three  times  a  day.  If  disorder  continues  after 
howcls  are  moved,  gi\e  a  large  tahlespoonful  of  Rennet,  or  30 
praiiis  of  Pepsin  at  each  meal,  along  with  the  ahove  mixture.  If 
constipation  recurs,  gi\e  injections  of  warm  water  and  soap,  and 
treat  diarrhea  as  in  that  disease.  See  next  article.  !•  al  good, 
wholesome  milk,  giving  in  it  a  teaspoonful  of  Blood  Floitr,  aud  a 
little  LiiisL-ed  meal  gruel. 

WHITE  SCOURS  IN  CALVES.  — GASTRIC 
CATARRH  — DIARRHEA.— Hand  raised  calves  are  sub- 
ject to  a  form  of  diarrhea  to  which  several  names  have  been 
applied.  • 

ra7««.— Not  common  with  calves  which  suck,  though  may 
be  occasioned  by  their  sticking  at  long  intervals,  thus  overloadi 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


453 


the  stomach  and  bringing  on  indigt-slion.  Calves  separated  irom 
their  (lams  and  given  considerable  iiuanliles  of  cold  milk  at  long 
intervals  are  lial^le  to  this  form  of  trouble.  Calves  fed  on  milk 
-.iibstitut'js  freiincnlly  contract  it,  r'^  ■'..  a]:,(;  those  fetl  on  milk 
'rum  creameries,  or  from  lilthy  pa-  s. 

SymMoms.  —  The  passages  "  .\c  a  thin,  yellowish-white 
ipp-arancc,  are  finite  olTensive,  am'  ti  onie  very  irequent.  The 
rah  Ix'conies  dull,  whisks  its  tail  as  though  in  pain  ever>'  time 
llicre  is  a  passage  from  the  bowels,  loses  its  appetite,  becomes 
^\eak,  and  unless  disease  is  checked  it  is  apt  to  run  into  dysen- 
itry,  when  the  passages  become  bloody  and  very  thin;  calf  shows 
more  or  less  pain  by  grating  the  teeth,  and  depressed  countenance. 

Tki-atmk.s'T. — 

V,\\Ht  I  to  2  ounces  Castor  Oil  with  a  tablespoonful  of  Lauda- 
iium.  This  will  clear  the  Iwwels.  Then  follow  with  teaspoonfnl 
doses  of  L,aud'inum  three  or  four  times  a  day.  Dissolve  a  table- 
sjxwnful  of  Copix;ras  in  a  pint  of  water  and  give  2  ounces  of  this 
H>:ulion  in  a  little  milk,  three  limes  a  day.  Give  at  different 
limes  than  the  Daudanum.  Also  give  a  teaspoonfnl  of  Cooking 
Soda  or  an  ounce  or  two  of  Lime  water.  From  a  teaspoonful  to  a 
lalilesjioonful  of  Blood  I'lour  is  excellcTit  for  Scours,  often  check- 
Hig  severe  cases  without  other  treatment.  In  bad  cases,  where 
Uicre  is  dysentery,  use  tne  following: 

Corrosive  SubniuiUc  7  j;raiiis. 

Water i  pi"*- 

Shake.     Dose:  i  to  3  table.spoonfuLs,  tlireu  or 
four  times  a  day. 

Give  a  small  amount  of  milk,  three  times  a  day,  with  i  or 
2  wcH-beaten,  raw  eggs.  Give  clean,  dry  bedding  frequently 
and  cover  calf  with  a  blanket. 


INFECTIOUS  SCOURS.— There  is  a  form  of  scours 
>v!iii-h  attacks  calves  two  or  three  days  after  birth,  and  which 
!■.  I  niinates  fatally  in  a  short  time.  The  disease  is  due  to  germs 
''.It.  ring  through  the  umbilical  cord.  Olher  organs  as  well  as 
I  hi  bowels  are  afle-cted,  but  the  scouring  is  very  characteristic. 


454 


THI'   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


♦   • 


Svm/'/ohis.-  ThL'  SiMiuriuK',  great   wcakiic- 
da\  or  two. 


and  ckatli  in   a 


Tkkatmknt. — 

Tlu-  lr(.atniont  is  preventive,  as  eiirativo  treatment  fails. 
The  jireveiltion  is  to  liave  evei;,llliii,i;  very  clean  where  the  row 
calves.  The  stall  shouM  l)e  verycle.m;  if  oiIri-  animals  have 
Used  the  same  '-till  find  their  cahes  have  died  of  the  disease,  the 
stall  nuist  he  llujnjii-hly  disinfected  and  whilewa--he<l  before 
using  again  (see  "  r3isinfection,"  pa^e  66).  As  soon  as  the  call 
is  horn,  remove  it  fiom  the  stall,  wa-^h  the  navel  cord  thoroughly 
with  a  Carbolic  Acid  solution  Carbolic  Acid,  '.'  otnice;  water, 
I  pint  -ligate  the  cord  close  to  the  body  with  a  string  that  has 
I'lxn  so;il.:ed  in  the  same  solution,  and  then  cut  the  cord  olf  one 
half  inch  bel  .w  the  string.  A]>ply  to  the  cord  four  or  five  times 
a  dav,  or  until  it  dries  up,  the  Carbolic  lotion  and  also  the 
While  Lotion  (see  FRKSCKirTioxs,  in  back  of  t)ook). 


DISF.ASKS  OF  THE  GRNFRATIVE 
ORGANS  OF  THE  .iULL 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TESTICLES  - 
ORCHITIS. 

C',/«.sr.v.-  Usually  the  result  of  blows,  or  other  direct  injuries, 
but  may  result  from  excessive  service,  or  from  some  growth  in 
tile  gland  tissue. 

Sr»//'/o)iis.—'Ru\\  moves  stiffly,  with  straddling  gait,  and  the 
right  Or  K  f t  half  of  the  scrotum  in  which  the  affected  testicle 
lies  is  swollen,  red,  and  tender,  .Mid  the  gland  is  drawn  up  in  the 
sac  and  dropped  down  again  at  frequent  intervals. 

Tl-ti:.\TMKNT. — 

C.ive  the  following  as  a  drench: 

Kpsotii  S,iUs J'A  pounds. 

(".uiuer 2  ilr.nlims. 

Writer,    tenid ,■-..---,  '  (r'.'.rt. 


DISKASES  OI-  CATTIJv ^455 

Foment  the  testicles  \v  :  with  hot  water,  the  same  as  was 
It  ;-()inmeiided  for  fomenting  Itie  udder  in  iiidaiamation  of  that  gland 
I  i)a<^e  435),  and  use  the  same  lotions  on  the  scrotum,  esjxicially  the 
I, lie  contaiuiug  the  Belladoima.  When  not  fomenting,  apply  a 
Linseed  jx)ultice.  While  treating,  feed  on  soft  food,  and  give  a 
labkspoonful  of  Saltixjter  three  times  a  day;  if  th  bull  is  a 
!.ir;,'e  fellow,  heap  the  spoon.  Should  a  soft  p(jint  appear,  indi- 
i.iting  formation  of  matter,  open  aud  treat  wound  daily,  with  a 
-ohuion  made  by  adding  2  teaspooufuls  of  Carbolic  Acid  to  a  pint 
of  water.  Usually,  wlicu  inflammation  has  gone  to  point  of  sup- 
iniration,  the  testicle  is  ruined  for  service,  and  nnist  be  removed 
ly  castration.  A  test,  by  putting  bull  to  cows  after  he  is  well, 
will  determine  whether  he  will  be  of  any  more  use  in  that  line. 

INJURIES  TO   SHEATH  AND  PENIS.— 

Causes.— From  jumping  fence  and  being  caught  so  as  to 
iiijurt-  parts;  or  in  case  of  work  oxen,  from  pressure  and  friction 
i.t  the  sling,  when  held  in  stock  for  shoeing. 

Svmplows. — If  there  is  severe  crushing  of  l)oth  sheath  and 
[vnis.  it  leads,  some  hours  later,  to  the  development  of  a  hard,  hot, 
:!iul  painful  swelling,  reaching  from  scrotum  to  sheath.  There  is 
!-ver,  dry  muzzk,  red  eyes,  hard,  full,  rapid  pulse,  and  quickened 
ineatliing.  Animal  stands  with  hind  legs  apart  and  urine  drop- 
ping from  sheath.  Appetite  and  rumination  smpended.  Later, 
unless  promptly  treated,  mortification  may  result,  the  swelling 
i^ttting  cold  and  doughy. 

TlM'VM'MENT. — 

In  se\  ere  cases  must  be  prompt  and  judicious.  Put  straps 
around  the  patient,  with  soft  pads  in  contact  with  afTected  parts, 
I  ijnsiantly  soaked  in  cold  water  for  at  least  twenty-four  hours. 
C.ive  I  to  2  pounds  of  Kpsom  Salts  in  2  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  a 
tahlespoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day  if  the  penis  is  not 
liadly  injured.    The  second  day  the  parts  may  be  bathed  with: 

Extract  of  Witch  Hazel }i  pint. 

Suirar  of  Lead i  ounce. 

Laud.inuni 3  ounces. 

Water  to  make i  pint 


"III: 


^1 


III 


1      i 


n  H 


lis  Ji  sis' 


456  THl'    PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

If  nolivc  inllamnKitioii  ix-rsists,  the  cold  water  application 
should  be  continued.  If  suppuration  occurs,  open  at  point  ot 
fluctuation  wher  nady,  letting-  out  pus,  and  afterward  syriuKe 
cavity  with  Carbolic  lotion  as  for  dressing  wounds.  Careful 
antiseptic  treatment  is  also  necessary  in  case  of  extensive  slouKh- 
hvj;,  as  sornetinicr^  hajipens  with  severe  inflammation.  In  mild 
ci'.ses  siin,'ly  bathinij  parts  three  times  daily  with  hot  or  cold 
water  and  applying  ihe  White  Lotion  (see  Prksckivtions,  in 
back  of  book)  after  wiping  dry,  continuing  the  treatment  until 
well,  will  be  found  sufficient. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  URETHRA -GON- 
ORRHEA.—This  is  an  inflanunation  of  the  urethra— the  canal 
wliieh  eonvey^  the  urine  through  the  jK-nis  from  the  bladder. 

Cn/srs. — It  may  originate  in  gravel,  the  excitement  of  too 
Tre(iuent  service,  infection  from  a  cow  with  leucorrhea,  or  from 
extension  of  inflanunation  from  the  .sheath. 

.V) «,././,);;/ ^■.— There  is  an  o<v.ing  of  whitish  liquid   from  the 
end  of  the  penis  and  sheatli,  tenderness  and  pain  when  handled 
and  while  tlu-re  is  no  actual  arrest  of  the  urine,  its  flow  is  subject 
;o  \dluutary  checks,  as  it  irritates  the  tender  surface. 

Tki;atm]:\t. — 

C.ive  I'j  pounds  of  Kpsom  Salts  in  a  quart  of  tepid  water 
as  a  <ir<.nch;  bathe  the  sheath  well  with  hot  water  twice  a  day, 
and  inject  into  the  urethra  a  little  of  the  following  lotion: 

.\cetateof  I.c.ul 2  drachms. 

WhUt  I  quart. 

Or: 

I'eniiatiKanale  of  Totash 20  grains. 

Water 1  piut- 

jl/ix  .in<l  .shake  \v<.Il  before  u>ing. 

Inject  \r.\ri  of  the  time  with: 

I^vsol I  drachm. 

Water I  pint. 

To  inject  the  solution,  use  a  milking  tube,  a  rubber  tube  and 

(■,.-.    1      .-    f ,_    :.,:      .:....:..(,.    .1...  ,,.1,1..,-     in    "Vtilt     I<\-\-»>r  "        Put 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


457 


tlic  milking  lube  into  the  urethra  at  the  end  of  the  i>enis,  elevate 
tl..e  funnel  and  ix)ur  the  solution  into  it;  the  funnel  should  \x 
hcM  ns  high  as  the  back.  ,    _ 

Keep  bull  away  from  cows  until  he  is  cured,  as  some  varieties 
(if  the  disease  are  contagious. 

CASTRATIONS  OF  BULLS  AND  CALVES.-This 

,„nMsts  in  removing  the  testicles,  the  essential  organs  of  gener- 
Uioniu   the   male.     The   best   position   for  castrating  boviaes  is 
.inuliug,  but  thev  can  be  cast  the  same  as  the  colt;   the  same 
kind  of  a  throwing  harness  will  answer.     Use  the  Carbolic  lotion 
the  same  as  oix-rating  ur.on  colts,  or  pigs;  have  the  knife  sharp. 
Hefore  operating  wash  off  the  scrotum  with  the  Carbolic  lotion. 
To  operate  standing,  place  animal  with  his  right  side  against 
1  pirtition,  and  tie  his  head  short,  so  he  cannot  push  forward; 
have  an  assistant  stand  against  his  left  flank  and  hohl  him  against 
the  partition,  the  oix-rator.  with  the  knife  in  his    right  hand, 
.t.iiuls  with  hi>  left  side  against  the  left  hip  of  the  animal,  facing 
to  the  rear;   reach  in  between  the  legs  from  the  rear  with  the  left 
hand    and    grasj)    around    the  scrotum,  just  above   the   testicles, 
crowding  the  testicles  to  the  very  IxHtom   of  the  sacs;   make  the 
cut  in  the  center  of  the  back   side  of  each  sac,  commencing  well 
mwartU  the  top  of  the  testicle  and  carrying  it  down  to  the  very 
!«,ttom,  so  as  to  be  sure  of  go.id  drainage;   try  and  make  the  cut 
,,uto  the  testicle  with  one  stroke  of  the  knife.     When  the  testicle 
I.   cut    onto,  the    pressure    produced    b>    the  hand   clasping  the 
.crotum  above  will  cause  it  to  pt.p  out  of  the  cut;  cut  down  onto 
!.oUi  testicles  before  letting  go  of  the  scrotum.     After  the  testicles 
pop  out,  take  hold  of  one  and  draw  it  out  a  little  and  it  will 
be  seen  to  be  attached  at  its   front  surface   by  a   thin  attach- 
ment to   the   front  of  the  .scrotum.     Cut  this  attachment  (piite 
close  to  the  testicle,  and  then  it  can  be  drawn  down,  being  held 
simply  by  the  spermatic  cord;   if  a  young  calf,  draw  the  cord 
down  five  or  six  inches,  and  cut  it  off;  a  dull  pair  of  shears  is  a 
ijood  thing  to  cut  it  off  with,  or  it  can  be  cut,  or  scraped,  off 
with  the  knife;  if  scraped,  or  cut,  with  the  dull  shears,  which 
mash  dose,  there  is  less  apt  to  be  bleeding.     If  a  larger  animal, 
and  danger  of  bleeding,  draw  the  cord  Qown  and  tie  a  string 


45« 


THK  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


«l 


;i       '■ 


around  it,  about  three  inches  fr<jni  the  testicle,  and  then  cut  the 
cord  ofl  about  an  inch  below  the  string;  a  catgut  string  is  best; 
if  silk  is  used,  leave  the  ends  Ion-  e;niU<;h  to  han,;^  from  the  cut, 
so  that  thej-  will  be  pulled  out  later  when  they  slough.  Have 
the  strnig  1\  ing  in  tlie  Carbolic  solutiuu  for  a  few  minutes  before 
using  it.  After  both  testicles  are  rc^niDved,  dash  a  little  of  the 
Carbolic  lotion  into  each  wound.  I'hice  the  animal  in  a  clean 
stall.  The  day  following  the  operation,  wet  the  fingers  in  the 
CarlM)lic  loiion  and  open  the  cuts.  If  there  is  undue  sweUiui;  or 
bleedhig  after  the  operation,  treat  as  is  reconnneiided  for  same 
condition  under  C.\STk.\TION',  Horse  Di:i'ARTMH.";T.  The  best 
tune  to  c  istr:ite  calves  is  when  they  arc  about  a  month  old;  the 
pain  is  mucli  less  when  tl'.ey  are  small  and  there  is  less  tendency 
to  bleeding. 

If  there  is  a  scrotal  hernia,  castrate  by  the  covered  ofx^ration, 
the  .same  as  with  colts. 

If  the  animal  is  cast,  make  thecuts  in  the  sidesof  the  scrotum; 
it  is  handier  than  to  make  them  on  the  back  side;  otherwise  the 
ojx.ration  is  the  same  as  when  performed  with  the  animal  standing 

"RIGS"  OR  RIDGLING  BULLS.  These  are  animals  in 
which  the  testicles,  oi^e  or  both,  have  never  come  down  into  the 
scrotum.  They  cannot  be  castrated  like  horses,  and  after  attain- 
ing some  age,  become  luiisances. 

When  castrating  a  calf  and  only  one  or  neitlur  testicle  is 
down,  fatten  and  get  rid  of  it,  for  the>  rarely  come  down  later. 
It  will  save  much  trouble  to  get  rid  of  such  when  >oung. 

SWELLING  OF  THE  POINT  OF  THE  SHEATH 
IN  STEERS  STONE  IN  THE  SHEATH.— 

Causes. — I'Vom  grazing  in  pastures  where  Innestone  abounds, 
or  from  drinking  water  impregn.ited  with  lime-tone,  by  which  it 
is  taken  into  the  system,  and  this,  together  with  the  fact  that  the 
steer,  in  making  water,  does  not  protrude  the  penis,  but  lets  it 
dribble  out  of  the  sheath;  causes  the  lime  in  the  urine  to  collect 
and  form  a  concretion,  or  ball,  which  .soon  gets  large  and  sets  uj 
irritation  and  swelling 


DUSlvASIvS  OI'   CAT'I'LI', 


4.19 


Sym/>fo»is.— The  end  of  the  slicath  is  enlarRcd,  and  it  may 
r!.>truct  llif  flow  of  uriiif,  wlic-ii  animal  will  show  uneasiness, 
')ain,  etc.,  as  ni  "SupiHxssion  of  I'rine."  An  examination 
reveals  the  presence  in  the  sheath  of  the  limy  deposit. 

Tkkatment. — 

If  the  animal  is  quiet,  let  him  stand,  and  have  him  held  by 
tliL-  horns  and  nose,  while  opei.uor  willi  oikd  iin','ers  passes  one 
(.f  tlum  up  into  the  shealli,  and  by  manipulation  and  workin:s' 
tlie  stone  about,  it  can  soon  be  renimed,  when  the  sheath  should 
be  oiled  both  inside  and  outside.  In  case  animal  will  not  stand 
to  have  this  done,  he  can  be  cast  and  secured  as  in  "Castration," 
or  strap  his  hind  lej^s  together,  putting  the  strap  around  alnn'o 
Uie  hocks,  cro.ssiuK'  it  between  the  legs  like  a  figure  »,  which 
prevents  its  slipping  down. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  EYE 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  EYES-SIMPLE 
OPHTHALMIA.— This  is  an  intlannnation  of  the  mucous 
.neinbrane  lining  the  eyelids  and  coveriiiiL;  the  eyeball.  In  .severe 
cases  the  deeper  coats  of  the  eye  may  be  involved. 

C„iiS(S.—li  may  result  from  a  bruise  of  the  eye':'';  from 
..hafl,  hayseed,  dust,  i^niats,  or  such  matter  in  the  e;,e;  from 
(  \ix)sure  to  cold;  from  irritating  or  poisonous  vapors  arising 
from  filthine.ss  of  the  stable. 

Svm/^hwis.—A  profuse  flow  of  tears;  closure  of  eyelids  from 
mtnkranceof  lisbt,  retraction  of  the  eyeball,  and  protrusion  of 
the  haw;  disinclination  to  move,  and  in  milch  cows  diminution 
ot  milk.  In  parting  the  lid,  the  lining  membrane  is  found  injected 
with  an  e.Kcess  of  blood,  giving  it  a  red  and  swollen  appearance; 
I'le  white  of  the  eye  is  bloodshot,  and  the  cornea  may  be  cloudy. 
Ic  d:se.i.se  .idvancei;   iniiammalion  ot  tlie  cornea  may  ensue. 


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Treatmknt. — 

Carefully  exatninc  the  eye  for  the  prei^eiice  of  chaff,  dust, 
cinder,  and  the  like,  and  retnove  same  when  found.  Do  this  by 
flushinj;  the  eye  with  warm  water,  l)y  means  of  a  syringe,  or,  if 
substance  adheres  to  eyeball  or  lid,  it  may  be  scooped  out  by  the 
handle  of  a  teaspoon  or  some  other  blunt  iu^trunieut.  If  it 
removes  with  difTiculty,  drop  a  few  drops  of  the  Cocaine  solution 
into  the  eye  (  see  Oi'iiKATioNS,  Hokse  Df.iwkt.mknt).  To  relieve 
congestion  and  irritation,  use  a  wash  couiposed  of: 

Nitrate  of  Silver  3  ^'niins. 

IMorphine I  ^rain. 

Water »  ounce. 

Keep  in  the  dark. 

iV/.r,  and  pnl  a  few  drops  of  this  in  the  eye 
with  a  iiiediciue  dropper,  a  .sniill,  ponitcd  glass 
tube  with  rublKT  bulb,  three  or  four  tiuiei,  * 
ilay. 

Put  aniiual  in  a  cool,  darkened  stable,  and  fasten  a  woolen  cloth, 
folded  several  times,  over  the  eye,  or  eyes  if  both  are  affected. 
Keep  wet  with  cold  water,  re-wetting  every  half  hour  during  the 
day,  but  remove  it  at  night.  If  there  is  nuich  fever  and  consti- 
tutional disturbance,  give  i\i  ixmiids  Epsom  Salts  dissolved  in  i 
([Uart  of  water.  Also  give  a  tablespoonful  oi  Saltjx;ter  three 
times  a  day,  and  feed  a  laxative  diet. 

SPECIFIC   OPHTHALMIA    -CATARRHAL   CON- 

JUNCTIVITIS.— This  form  of  inflanunation  of  the  membrano 
of  the  eye  generally  appears  in  ei)idemic  form  and  affects  quite  a 
number  of  the  herd. 

r^„,rs.—U  is  usually  attributed  to  some  irritant  material  car- 
ried in  the  air  or  coming  from  tlie  soil,  but  is  probably  due  to 
bacteria.  It  is  most  prevalent  on  low  grounds  and  is  seldom  seen 
in  winter  months.  It  affects  old  and  young  alike,  but  one  attack 
is  believed  to  make  the  animal  immune. 

Svnififoms.  -This  disease  is  characterized  chiefly  by  a  mucous, 
matter-like  discharge  from  the  eyes,  an  intense  degree  of  inflam- 
mation of  the  mucous  membrane,  accompanied  by  swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  an  early  darkening  of  the  cornea.     The  flow  of  tears 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


461 


IS  mixed  with  pus  which  gathers  in  large  masses  on  the  cheek. 
Tlie  eyes  are  kept  closed.  When  the  cornea  is  affected,  the  animal 
1-,  ire  juently  blind  for  a  time,  and  sometimes  other  diseases  of  the 
vyc  f.illow. 

TkI'.ATMKNT. — 

Animal  should  l)e  placed  in  a  cool,  dark  stable,  supplied  with 
-;()ft.  succulent  food  and  plenty  of  fresh  water  to  drink.  Give  i 
(n  I  '^  pounds  ICpsora  Salts  in  j  to  ;,  pints  of  water.  Als<i  give  a 
tablesixKHiful  of  Saltp.ler,  three  times  a  day,  and  m  bad  cases  K'ive 
with  the  Saltpeter,  r  (hMehni  I'luid  Extract  of  Helladoinia  and  is 
drops  Fluid  Ivxtracl  of  Aconite.  iMnnent  the  eye  with  the  cold 
water,  as  in  the  prcviotis  disorder,  and  also  use  the  same  solution 
m  the  eye.  A  jiowder  composed  of  ecpial  parts  of  finely  pulverized 
r.dr.acic  Aci6  and  Calomel  is  ^ood  to  dust  into  the  eye — blow  a 
little  into  the  eye  twice  a  day  from  a  quill  or  small,  paper  cylinder. 

INFLAMMATION   OF  THE   CORNEA      CORNEI- 

TIS.-This  is  an  infl.immation  of  the  strong  membrane,  which 
i.irms  the  front  part  of  the  eyeball.  The  scN-rotic,  or  white  coat 
horderiuj;  on  the  cornea,  becomes  involved  to  some  extent. 

C'd/ists.'-Ai^  the  cornea  is  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
ball  of  the  eye,  it  is  sid)ject  to  injury  in  a  variety  of  ways,  such 
iiN  scratches,  pricks,  contusions,  lacerations  and  the  like.  It  may 
on  ur  from  the  extension  of  inflammation  from  ophthalmia,  or 
from  some  internal  iuflannnation,  or  may  occasionally  occur  with- 
out aiiv  known  cause. 

.SVw/iAw/y.— There  is  a  scxere  intiannnation  of  the  part, 
caiisini;  a  cloudiness  of  the  cornea.  Tlie  swelling'  on  front  part 
of  L-yeball  may  be  in  bladder-like  points,  or  it  may  begin  at  outer 
border,  abruptly  thickening,  and  diminish  to  center.  If  whole 
cornea  is  affected,  it  has  a  gray  or  grayish-white  appearance. 
'i'he  tears  do  not  flow  as  freely,  neither  is  the  suffering  so  great 
as  in  ophthalmia.  One  or  both  eyes  may  be  affected.  In  favor- 
ihle  cases  conditions  shoidd  begin  to  improve  in  a  week.  In 
r.iifavorable  cases  the  sight  is  lost  and  the  opacity  remains. 

In  what  is  called  suppurative  corneiti.s — where  there  is  a 
t.'   symptoms  are  somewhat  different,  but 


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4fi2  Tlir;  PKACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCToR      

it  may  follow  the  above  form.  More  comtnoiily  it  develops 
rapidh-  by  a  raised  swelliiis:  on  or  near  the  arter  of  the  cornea, 
that  soon  becomes  yellow,  while  the  ed.i;e  of  the  swellini;  fades 
into  an  opa(ine  I  elonded )  rint,'.  IMsease  is  sJdoni  noticed  nntil 
matter  formation  has  occurred.  Wlien  it  is  the  rcsnlt  of  diffuse 
corneitis,  ulceration  and  escape  of  confined  pus  is  inevitable; 
otherwise  matter  may  be  absorbed.  When  deep  membranes  are 
invohed,  tile  sii;ht  of  the  eye  m:i\'  be  perin.iiu  n,!y  lost.  It  will 
sometimes  attack  a  nnmbiri.f  nnim.iK.  beini;  more  or  less  coir 
t.iijious. 

Tkk.\tment.— 

Place  the  animal  in  a  darkened  -t.ible,  idve  ^recn  or  sloppy 
food,  and  (',  ounces  of  blpsom  Salts,  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water 
once  a  day.      Also  .i;ive  tbe  following: 

riuid  I'.xtracK.f  .\c"iiile I 'i   ilr.iclims. 

Fluid  Extract  <if  ninad.mn.i 1  ounce. 

Siiltpeler 3  ounces. 

\VaUr  to  make I  pint. 

Shal^f.  /'I's,-.-  2  ouiico-i,  thrri' or  fourtiiiies  a 
.lay. 

As  an  ajiiOication  to  the  eye  use  the  following: 

Nitrate  r,f  Silver 5  Kr-'dns. 

Sulphate  of  Moriiliia I  k^mu. 

Soft   waler I   ounce. 

Keep  in  tlie  clirk.  I>rop  15  to  20  drops  into 
the  eyes,  three  times  a  ilay,  with  a  niediiine 
(lrop]>er. 

If  ulceration  occurs,  use  Nitrate  of  Silver,  5  strains,  to  an 
ounce  of  water.  Apply  directly  to  the  ulcers  with  a  camel's  hair 
brush.      (See  "Ulcers  of  the  Cornea)." 

To  remove  opacity  after  inflammation  has  subsided,  continue 
(he  Nitrate  of  Silver  solution. 


[l-shd. 


ULCER  OF   THE   CORNEA.— 

Ca?isrs.—lr\  consequence  of  the  bursting  of  a  small  abscess  in 
the  delicate  membrane  over  the  cornea  ;  or,  in  the  cornea  itself. 


DISEASES  OI-  CATTLK 


4f'3 


.fter  violent  conicitis,  or  specific  oi)hthalinia  ;  or  ulcer  may  l)e 
causc-.l  by  hrniscs,  scratches,  and  other  direct  injury  to  the 
cornea. 

Svmpto,,,^.  Al  first  the  nicer  is  a  pale,  gray  color,  with 
etlKcs  liigli  and  irregular,  and  discharges,  instead  of  pus,  an 
acrid,  watery  substance,  anil  has  a  teiulency  to  spread  suikt- 
ficially  and  also  to  extend  deejKr.  If  it  spreads  suix-rficially,  tlie 
inuisparency  of  the  cornea  is  lost;  if  il  K"fs  deeply,  and  reaches 
I  he  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye,  the  aqueous  humor  eseaiK-s  and 
'he  «ye  is  destroyed. 

rKK.VTMKNT.—  , 

Give  internal  treatment  as  with  "  Inflammation  of  Cornea, 
if    it    h.as    not    already    been    used,    in  which  case  continue  il. 
ilndeavor,  as  soon  as  the  ulcer  appears,  to  prevent  its  growth. 
Convert  c(jrroding  process  into  a  healthy  one.     For  this  puri)o.se 
•lolhint,'  is  better  than  a  strong  solution  of  Nitrate  of  Silver.    Drop 
1  few  drops  of  the  Cocaine  solution  into  the  eye  (see  "Oi-KR.\- 
TioNS,"  HOKSK  Dkp.vrtmknt).    The  animal'shead  is  then  firmly 
secured,  and  an  assistant  should  part  eyelids:   then  all  parts  of 
the  ulcer  arc  touched,  using  a  camel's  hair  brush,  with  a  solution 
(,f  ID  grains  of  Nitrate  of  Silver  to  an  ounce  of  water.     Repeat 
treatment  once  a  day  until  ulcer  looks  healthy.     When  healthy 
action  succeeds,  ulcer  assumes  a  delicate  fleshy  tint,  and  former 
redness  around  ulcer  gradually  disappears.      In  abrasions  where 
there   are   no  holes  or  cavities  made,  caustic  treatment   is  not 
needed  ;  simply    treat    as   for   "  Inflammation   of  the  Cornea." 
ICxcessive  ulceration  may  cause  fungus  growth  uf>u  the  cornea, 
\\hich  anpears  to  be  nourished  by  loops  of  blood  vessels  in  the 
mucous  "membrane  covering  same.     This   growth  must  be   cut 
away  and  wound  cauterized  with  Nitrate  of  Silver,  or  eye  will  be 
destroyed. 

STAPHYLOMA— This  is  adisease  of  the  eyeball  in  which 
the  cornea  loses  its  transparency,  rises  above  the  level  of  thr  ye, 
and  even  project  beyond  the  eyelids,  in  the  form  of  an  elongated 
\vhitish,  or  pearl-colored  tumor,  which  may  be  either  smooth  or 
nneveu 


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Cai/st\i.  Inn.iniination  i>  the  only  known  cai'sc,  aUhou^;h  it 
m:iy  not  tx'cur  iuuntdialcly.  It  often  follows  catarrhal  ophthalniui 
and  comeitis. 

Tki:.\tmi;nt. — 

In  a  tVw  cases  restoration  of  sij;ht  may  Ix.-  afTcctcd  hy  punct- 
nrin-  tlic  projicting  tnnior  and  treating  it  afterward  with  Nitrate 
of  Silver,  as  K'ven  in  "rieeration  of  the  Cornea."  Cases  have 
lieen  known  in  uliicli  sinjiitaneons  rnptnre  of  tlie  tninor  oeenrreu 
and  healing'  resulted  witliout   treatment. 

CATARACT  OF  THE  EYE.  -This  is  a  disease  in 
wliieh  the  cr\slalline  lens  lieecjine^  (ipa(|ne  and  Inses  its  trans- 
parency;  jx)wer  of  refr.ietion   is  lost  .uul  animal  is  l)lind. 

Ciuo';. —  (aiierally  it  is  the  rc'^nlt  of  deep  inflammation  of 
the  eye,  lui!  sonKtimi-^  setnis  to  he  due  to  an  improjK-r  nourish- 
ment of  the  lens. 

SiiiiMi'iiis.-  It  i^  known  1)>'  the  whilene'^sof  the  lens,  as  seer 
throni;li  tlk  inipil  :  the  enrnea  i-,  ele.ir  and  healthy.  Sijjht  i« 
lolally  lo^t  when  the  cataract  is  fully  formed.  Formation  is 
nsnall\  slow. 

Tkk  \TMKNT.-- 
There  is  no  treatment  with  th.o  lower   animals.     The  lens 
coidd  he  removed   the  same  as  it  is  in  the  human,  hut  it   would 
not   heiK'fit.  as  animals  cannot   wear  glasses,  as   is  necissary  ii> 
order  tliat  its  removal  may  Ix'tiefit. 

AMAUROSIS. -This  is  hliiidncss  from  paralysis  of  the 
I'plic  uirve,  and  retina.  The  retina  is  the  expansion  of  the 
ojnic  nerve  over  the  back  of  the  chamber  of  the  eye. 

Cannes. — Concussion  from  a  blow  on  forehead,  fracture  of 
bone  o\er  e\e  causini^  downward  pressure,  rheumatic  inflamma- 
tion of  optic  nerves,  or  from  extension  of  deep  inflammation 
involving  rvtina.  It  sometimes  occurs  from  excessive  loss  of 
bluiid,  or  of  f^reat  debility. 

Syinploms.. — This  disease  is  seldom  noticed  until  animal 
shows,  by  gait  and  actions,  that  it  is  blind.     Generally  both  eyes 


DISKASKS  OV  CATTLE 


465 


are  affected.     The  eyeball  remains  clear,  and  the  pup     perma- 
iKuily  dilated.     No  rcsixjii  .c  U>  light  is  manitested. 

TkkatmknT.— 

If  due  tt)  (kliility,  or  loss  «)f  hkxxl,  give  tonics  as  for 
'Chronic  Indigeslion,"  but  the  tre.diiienl  will  probably  be  of  no 

vnUie. 

INJURIES  TO  THE  EYELIDS.  -This  .icoident  is  not 
uncommon  where  ciltle  are  fenced  in  by  barbed  wirf;  :ui  unimal 
iiKiy  he  cau.uht  under  tlu'  tyilid  by  the  horn  a(  another;  may 
occur  in  the  stable  from  projecting  splinters  of  wcxkI  or  from 
nails. 

'rKKATMKNT.     - 

If  there  is  iiHich  laceration,  the  edRes  of  the  wound  should 
be  l',roUi;hl  t(.i;ether  closely  :uid  correctly,  and  held,  either  by 
-ulurcs  of  silk  or  even  linen  thread  (see  "Sutures'  in  HoKsi'. 
Dki- AKTMKNT  )  Usc  the  Cocaine  s<dutioii  (  see  Oi-KKATIONS,  page 
^47  ).  Keep  the  parts  dres.scd  with  the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion,  anil 
if  there  is  nuich  swelling,  or  the  intlannnation  extends  to  i-ye, 
use  the  cold   fimientations,   .as  for     '  Intlannn.ition  of  the  Kye." 


INVERSION    AND    EVERSION    OF     THE 

LIDS.— See  Hoks«  Dki-aktmknt. 


EYE- 


FOREIGN  SUBSTANCES  IN  THE  EYE.-Some- 
tnncs  chaff,  barley -beards,  or  splinters  of  wood,  liedKe-thorns. 
pieces  of  corn.-,talk,  or  leaves,  stems  of  hay  or  straw,  twigs,  01 
weeds  may  penetrate  the  eye,  break  o(T,  and  remain,  causing- 
iutlanunatif)!!,  blindness,  abscesses,  and  the  like.  The  eyebal. 
s(;metimes  is  penetrated,  but  in  most  cases  substances  get  between 
the  c-ye  and  lids. 

Symptoms.  Vary  according  to  extent  of  injury,  but  in 
ordinary  cases,  animal  will  show  evident  sulTcrino,  or  annoyance, 
by  keeping  eye  closed,  and,  perhaps,  by  turning  head  slightly 
awry,  and  tears  will  run  down  over  the  cheek. 


¥'ri 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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Tkkatmknt. — 

Catch  the  animal  and  examin.  cne  eye  and  remo\e  offending 
substance.  Drop  15  to  20  drops  of  the  Cocaine  solution  into  the 
eye  and  the  examination  and  removal  of  the  object  is  quite  easy 
(see  Oi'i:kations,  page  347).  When  substance  is  removed,  apply 
treatment  as  CiSe  seems  to  require;  cold  fomentations  and  the 
liition  as  recommended  for  "  Inflanmiation  of  the  I^ye "  will 
gmerallj'  hriiiij  about  recovery.  If  the  eyel^all  is  punctured 
nothini;  can  l)e  done  other  than  the  fomentations  and  lotions. 
This  generally  means  loss  of  the  eye,  but  a  very  small  puncture 
might  not  destroy  the  organ. 

CANCER  IN  THE  EYE  FUNGUS  HAEMATODES. 

— This  is  the  same  as  a  cancerous  gr^^vth  that  may  develop 
on  any  part  of  the  body;  it  is  not  common,  and  yet  may  appear 
in  the  eye. 

Causes.-  Unknown 

Syiiiptoiiis. — It  frequently  commences  in  the  eyeball  as  f. 
small,  red  mass,  eventually  bursts  through,  and  pushes  its  way 
outside  the  orbit  of  the  eye,  as  a  large,  spongy,  fungusdike 
excrescence  that  bleeds  upon  the  slightest  injury,  in  fact  upon 
tlie  mere  touch. 

TKItATMKNT. — 

When  the  exact  nature  of  the  ca.se  is  known,  the  eye  should 
be  taken  out.  h'or  removing  the  eye,  the  animal  should  lie  given 
an  anaesthetic  (see  Oi'i:kati()NS,  page  347).  The  after-treatment 
would  l)e  the  sante  as  for  "Dislocation  of  the  Eyeball."  The 
operation  should  be  left  to  the  veterinarian.  As  these  growths 
often  return,  unless  t]\e  animal  is  valuable  as  a  breeder,  it  best  be 
fitted  for  the  butcher. 

DISLOCATION  OF  THE  EYEBALL. -The  eyeball 
may  be  torn  out  by  the  horns  of  another  animal  in  a  fight,  or  it 
may  be  crowded  out  with  the  blunt  end  of  a  club,  cane,  or  probe, 
in  the  hands  of  some  brutal  person. 

Tricatmknt.— 

When  the  optic  nerve  is  not  lacerated  and  the  retractor 
muscles  at  tlu;  back  of  the  eye  are  intact,  an  attempt  to  replace 


'iiS*-»''V 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


467 


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the  eye  is  advisable.     This,  however,  must  take  place  immedi- 
.iciy  after  inniry  and  before  swelling  takes  place      Divide  the 
;,.ler  comer  o'f  the  eyelid  to  enlarge  the  orifice,  then  by  pressure, 
with  the  fingers  of  both  hands  placed  upon  the  sides  of  the  eye. 
h.  ball  may  be  put  back  in  its  place.     Apply  a  firm  compress 
over  the  i.'-jured  eye  and  keep  it  constantly  xvet  ^vlth  cold  waUr, 
containing   1  drachm  of  Sugar  of  Lead  to  each  quart  of  water. 
If  the  attempt  to  replace  is  not  a  success,  tie  the  artery  at  the 
back   of  the  eye  with  strong  cord,  and  then  cut  of!  the  whole 
:nass  as  deep  within  the  orbit  as  possible.     The  cavity  should  be 
nn<-ked  daily  with  fresh  absorbent  cotton,  after  washing  it  out 
with  a  3  per  cent,  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid. 

INFLAMMATION  AND  ENLARGEMENT  OF 

THE  HAW  —The  haw  or  membrana  nictitans.  that  small 
structure  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  is  subject  to  inflammation 
and  swelling  from  the  extension  of  conjunctivitis  or  ophthalniia. 
or  direct  injury  by  foreign  substances.  It  presents  a  red  swollen 
appearance;  accompanied  by  considerable  pain  and  a  profuse  flow 
of  tears. 

■"The  application  of  cold  fomentations  and  the  lotions  as 
,.sed  in  "Ophthalmia"  will  generally  reduce  the  swelling  and 
restore  it  to  its  normal  function. 

There  is.  however,  a  tendency  for  an  inflammation  of   this 
membrane  to  take  on  a  chronic  character,  which  may  result  m  a 

^e^it  enlargement,  resembling  a  tumor.  When  it  attains 
sufficient  si7.e  to  protude  itself  permanently  over  the  eye.  or  pro- 
j  et  between  the  lids  so  as  to  obstruct  the  sight,  its  removal  may 
biome  necessary.  A  threaded  ne«ile  is  passed  t^-^gh^h 
b.Kly  of  the  enlarged  mass  by  which  the  membrane  is  drawn  out 
as  far  as  possible,  then  with  a  blunt  pair  of  scissors.  1  may  be 
cutaway^rom  its  attachments.  Use  the  Cocaine  soluUou  to 
destroy  the  pain,  by  dropping  15  to  20  drops  of  it  into  the  eye 

ten  or  fifteen  minutes  before  operating  (see  OPERATIONS,  page 

347i- 


i! 


46S 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


W^ 


DISEASES  OP  THE  EAR 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  INTERNAL  BAR- 
OTITIS.— luflamtuation  of  the  deep  part  of  the  ear  is  ofttu 
difiicult  to  recognize  iu  cattle. 

Causes. — May  be  caused  by  the  disease  of  the  bone  of  that 
region,  from  1)lows  inflicted  by  drivers,  or  from  injury  by  otheT 
cattle.     Occasionally  it  may  arise  from  extension  in  "lump  jaw,' 
or  be  the  result  of  tuberculous  aflection. 

Sjmploms. — Animal  will  hold  its  head  to  one  side,  or  shake 
it,  while  the  ear  is  held  immovable.  The  movement  of  the  jaws 
in  eating  gives  evident  pain;  the  base  of  the  ear  may  be  feverish 
nncl  swollen,  and  very  sensitive  to  the  touch.  If  the  inflamma- 
tion has  advancfd  to  a  suppurative  stage,  matter  will  flow  from 
the  ear,  and  the  discharge  will  generally  be  offensive  in  odoi. 

Tkeatmi:xt. — 

At  first  apply  hot  fomentations  to  reduce  pain  and  fever,  and 
follow  with  a  sharp  blister  applied  below  the  ear.  To  relieve  pain 
and  soften  secretions,  the  following  may  be  injected  into  the  ear: 

I.auilanuin I  part. 

Olive  Oil lo  parts. 

If  there  is  a  discharge  from  the  ear,  it  should  be  thoroughly 
washed  out  by  injections  of  warm  soapsuds  until  clean,  then 
inject  a  little  of  the  following  mixture  twice  a  day: 

Sulphate  of  Murpbia 30  grains. 

Water I  pint. 

Glycerine 4  ounces. 

Injections  of  a  solution  of  Acetate  of  Lead,  J4  ounce;  water, 
t  pint,  may  help  in  some  cases. 

ABSCESS  OF  THE  EAR.— Abscesses  sometimes  form 
about  the  base  of  the  ear,  either  inside  or  outside,  caused  by  con- 
tusions. Cysts  or  pouches,  containing  a  watery  fluid,  are  found 
occasionally  between  the  cart'lage  and  the  skin  on  the  base  of  the 
ear,  which  may  be  due  to  simila'*  ''puse. 


Bin 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


469 


Treatment. — 

Make  a  free  incision  with  the  knife  into  the  most  prominent 
part  of  the  abscess  or  cyst,  then  wash  out  the  sac  with  the  Car- 
bolic Acid  lotion,  using  a  syringe  for  the  purpose.  If  the  abscess 
recurs,  open  it  again,  wash  it  out,  and  inject  a  little  Tincture  of 
iodine. 

FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  EAR.— Bugs  have  been 
known  to  gain  access  to  the  ear  of  an  animal.  Foreign  bodies  of 
carious  sorts  may  become  lodged  in  the  ear. 

Symptoms.— .\  continuous  uneasiness  or  frequent  shaking  of 
of  the  head;  occasionally  manifestations  of  severe  pain.  Animal 
may  rub  head  and  ear  against  trees  and  other  objects,  in  endeavor 
to  get  rid  of  offending  body. 

Treatment. — 

When  susi^ected,  catch  the  animal  and  examine  the  ear,  and 
when  object  i<  found,  remove  the  same  with  forceps,  a  hair  pin, 
or  with  a  piece  of  wire  bent  at  one  end.  If  inflammation  exists 
and  ear  is  swollen,  so  substance  ir  hidden  from  sight,  insert  a 
probe  to  feel  for  object,  and  s.hen  found  remove,  even  if  neces- 
sary to  split  the  ear  at  the  base  to  do  so.  Afterward  treat  the  ear 
with  hot  water  fomentations,  and  injections  of  mild  astringents, 
as  Acetate  of  Lead,  I'z  ounce;  water,  i  quart. 

FROSTBITE -GELATIO.— -This  is  not  an  uncommon 
occurrence  amt)ng  young  cattle  which  are  poorly  fed  and  exposed 
outdoors  to  storms  and  extremes  of  cold;  a  condition,  however, 
which  ought  never  to  occur. 

Symptoms.— ^\\\s  affection  naturally  presents  every  degree 
of  severity  from  the  mere  chilling  of  the  tip  of  the  ear  to  positive 
freezing  and  death  of  a  portion.  In  a  day  or  two  the  ear  will 
become  swollen  and  painful;  the  dead  part  will  remain  cold  and 
begin  to  shrivel;  a  line  of  separation  forms  between  the  inflamed 
and  dead,  or  dying,  portion;  and  finally  the  dead  piece  drops  off, 
leaving  a  raw  surface.  When  only  slightly  chilled,  there  will  be 
a  peeling  off  of  the  superficial  skin,  accompanied  by  some  pain 
and  itching. 


H 


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8t] 


470 


THE  PKACTICAI.  STOCK.  DOCTOR 


Treatment. — 

A  good  liniment  for  frozen  cars  is  : 

Turpentine i  ounce. 

Ammonia i  ounce. 

Chlorofiirni i       " 

Olive  Oil 6  ounces 

J\fix  and  ruh  the  e.irs  .several  times  daily. 

It  will  relieve  pain,  and  stiinnlate  circulatio:i,  tliiis  favorin;^ 
a  recovery  of  the  injured  structures.  If  a  jwrtion  of  the  ear 
sloughs,  treat  the  resultant  woiuid  as  an  ordinary  wound. 

TORN  OR  LACERATED  EARS.— Dogs  are  the  mo.^t 
frequent  cause  of  lacerated  ears,  generally  leaving  a  torn,  ragged 
edged  and  bruised  cartilage. 

Tre.vTMENT. — 

If  the  wound  is  extensive  it  will  be  necessary  to  trim  off 
the  ragged  edges;  then  fasten  the  edges  together  with  stitches  of 
cat-gut,  .silk,  or  strong,  thick,  linen  thread,  taking  a  deep  hold. 
Secure  the  animal  so  it  cannot  rub  the  part,  and  dress  daily  with 
the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion. 

DISEASE  OF  THE  CARTILAGE  OF  THE  EAR.-- 

Sometinies  the  cartilages  of  the  ear  become  affected,  usually  from 
n  deep  1>ruise  ;  pus  forms,  wliicli  Ijurrows  umler  the  skin,  and 
may  find  outlet  at  some  jwiint  more  or  less  di>tant  from  seat  of 
tiouble.  When  cartilage  has  been  extensively  injun.'d,  pieces  of 
it  become  dead  and  dissolve,  and  are  carried  away  in  the  pns,  or 
it  may  lead  to  slou,e:hing  and  the  foruKition  of  many  running 
sor.'s.  In  thi;'.  affection  there  is  seldom  mucli  swelling  or  great 
p.nin.  Di.scharge  is  usually  offensive  and  often  I ilood -streaked. 
Whenever  there  is  long-continued  discharge  from  one  or  more 
ojKnings  in  the  ear,  this  disease  may  be  susix;cted. 

Tki;.\t.''.ie.\t. — 

The  sinus  formed  by  the  pa.s^agc  of  matter  should  be 
l^roljed  and  searched  to  the  Ixjtlom  for  the  presence  of  foreign 
substance  or  evidences  of  decaying  cartilage.  When  probe 
tii'.iohe-.  decaying  cartilage  it  will  feel  like  a  piece  of  dry  lea'her 


^^^■■^ 


DlSJi/\SES  OF  CAT'£LK_  _m 

or  partially  softened  wood.  A  counter-opening  must  then  be 
made  at  this  place  and  all  diseased  cartilage  cut  away  with  a 
knife.  After  this  keep  wound  open  for  the  pus  to  discharge, 
and  inject  into  it  once  or  twice  a  day,  until  the  wound  is  healed, 
the  following  solution  : 

Acetate  of  Lead i  ounce. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc 'A  ounce. 

Carbolic  Acid ;^  ounce. 

Water  to  make I  pint- 

Shake. 


FRACTURtiD  BONES;  WOUNDS;  SPRAINS 
«  F  JOINTS  AND  TENDONS 


FRACTURED  BONES.— A  fracture  is  a  break  in  a  bone. 
It  may  occur  in  a  variety  of  ways;  the  kick  of  a  hor.se,  getting 
caught  in  the  fence  while  jumping,  falling,  being  chased  by  dogs, 
by  being  hit  by  ar.ything  hard  enough  to  cause  a  fracture.     As  a 
rule,  fractures  are  more  easily-repaired  in  cattle  than  in  horses, 
owing  to  their  being  more  (luiet.     Fractures  are  classed  as  trans- 
verse, obli(iue,    "green-stick,"  simple,  comiKnuid  and  complex. 
In  transverse    fracture    the   bone  is  bickcn   across;  in  oblique, 
slanting;  in  "grecn-.stick,"  it  is  bent  and  split  but  not  broken 
entirely  off.     In  simple  fracture,  only  the  bone  is  broken  without 
complications;  in  compound,  the  ends  of  the  bones  punch  through 
the  flesh  and  protrude;  in  complex,  the  1x)ne  is  shattered  into 
many  small  pieces.     As  a  rule,  when  the  fracture  is  so  bad  that 
the  bone  is  shattered,  or  a  piece  of  the  bone  protrudes  through 
the  skin,  it  is  best  to  slaughter  the  animal.     If  the  condition  of 
the  animal  is  otherwise  healthy,  if  slaughtered  at  once,  the  meat 
is  fit  for  food,  and  the  loss  is  not  so  great.     When  the  care  and 
t-xpense  of  treatment  is  considered,  this  is  probably  the  best  dis- 
i>osition  of  these  cases,  except,  perhaps,  where  the  auimal    is 
-■aluable  for  breeding  purposes. 


•  V,-"?*- 


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w>^  ^  /^. ': 


472 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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V 


FRACTURE  OF  THE  LOWER  JAW.— This  is  a 

fracture  that  generally  occurs  from  a  kick  or  a  blow  of  some 
kiml,  and  is  first  noticed  by  the  animal  not  being  able  to  eat,  the 
mouth  seeming  crooked,  aud  by  the  bloody  discharges  from  the 
mouth. 

Trkatmicn'T.— 

If  any  other  than  a  simple,  transverse  fracture  of  one  sideonly, 
the  animal  may  as  well  be  destroyed;  if  simple,  put  the  ends  of  the 
bone  together,  and  hold  them  there  if  ix)ssible,  by  passing  copper 
wire  around  the  teetii,  in  order  to  do  this  it  may  be  necessary  to 
cut  through  the  cheek,  opposite  the  fracture.  Feed  on  soft  and 
sloppy  food  until  recovery  takes  place.  Flush  out  the  mouth 
freely  after  each  feeding  to  remove  any  particles  of  food  which 
miglit  interfere  with  the  uniting  of  the  Ixiues.  Later,  the  wire  can 
be  removed  through  the  mouth,  or  the  cheek  again  opened 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  BONES  OF  THE  NECK 
AND  BACK.-  If  the  fracture  sliould  be  through  the  Ixjdy  of 
the  bone,  there  is  likely  to  be  pressure  on,  or  laceration  of  the 
spinal  cord,  causing  paralysis  to  parts  back  of  the  injury.  FVac- 
ture  of  the  spines  of  the  vertebrae  <x:cnr,  without  interfering 
with  the  canal  containing  the  spinal  cord.  Such  accidents  may 
pass  umioticed,  for  though  anim.al  may  .suffer  pain,  it  is  not 
likely  to  be  shown  hi  a  way  to  attract  attention,  and  the  deep 
muscular  covering  hides  the  injury.  When  a  fracture  occurs  in 
the  upper  part  of  neck,  the  muscles  of  breathing  are  paralyzed, 
and  death  by  suffocation  soon  follows.  The  more  common  seat 
of  fracture  is  in  the  loins,  and  wlien  a  fracture  of  the  body  of  the 
vertebrae  occurs  here,  paralysis  of  the  hind  legs  and  quarters 
results.  Diagnosis  of  such  an  accident  is  more  ditficult  than  in 
the  case  of  other  fractures.  The  parts  can  not  be  moved  one 
upon  another,  so  that  crepitation  (grinding)  is  not  noticable. 
The  heavy  coating  of  muscles  conceals  changes  that  might  other- 
wise attract  attention.  About  the  only  symptom  is  paralysis  of 
nerves  of  motion  and  sensation,  back  of  the  seat  of  the  injury, 
which  careful  examination  may  reveal.  If  the  result  of  a  blow, 
there  is  apt  to  be  abrasion  of  the  skin.  If  paralysis  is  present,  and 
the  irregularity  of  the  spinal  colunin  is  so  marked  as  to  leave  110 


lin 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


473 


room  for  doubt,  the  only  thing  to  do  is  to  destroy  the  animal.  If, 
on  the  other  and,  the  paralysis  ii.  incomplete,  with  no  evidence  of 
irregularity  in  spinal  colum,  or  other  evidence  of  fracture,  put  the 
animal  in  a  well-bedded  Ikjx  stall,  and  allow  a  few  days  to  pass 
before  the  case  is  abandoned. 

The  symptoms  last  described  might  result  from  a  strain  of 
the  muscles  of  the  loins,  in  which  case  an  improvement  will  soon 
be  noticed.     In  which  case  treat  as  for  strains. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  BONES  OF  THE  HIP- 
HIPPED.— This  accident  is  likely  to  occur  as  the  result  of 
crowding  when  running  tlir-ugh  a  narrow  door,  falling  violently 
on  the  point  of  the  hip,  or  from  a  blow  directetl  downward  and 
forward  against  it.  The  fracture  is  not  dangerous,  but  it  dis- 
figures the  animal.     The  animal  is  lame  at  first,  but  this  symptom 

will  di.sappear. 

% 

Tre.vtment. — 

If  sore  after  being  "knocked  down,"  bathe  twice  a  day  in 
hot  water,  and  apply  the  White  I/jtion  (see  page  263)  until  the 
soreness  is  out.  If  the  bones  heal  all  right  there  is  nothing  more 
to  be  done.  Sometimes  the  bones  do  not  unite,  and  it  will  soon 
Dcgin  to  fester  around  the  broken  piece  and  an  ab.scess  will  form. 
When  the  abscess  is  formed,  open  and  remove  the  piece  of  bone, 
and  treat  as  under  "Abscesses."  Fracture  of  the  under  part  of 
the  hip  bones,  the  floor  of  the  pelvis,  generally  occur  from  the 
animal  slipping  on  the  ice  with  legs  spread  apart.  As  soon  as  it 
gets  up,  it  walks  off  stiffly  and  the  legs  are  ke,  out  apart  while 
either  walking  or  standing.  The  treatment  for  this  is  to  keep 
animal  very  quiet,  by  tying  it  in  a  stall  until  the  bones  unite— 
from  four  to  five  weeks. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  RIBS. -This  is  always  the  result 
of  a  kick  or  a  blow  of  some  kind.  The  ribs  farthest  back  are  the 
most  liable  to  injury. 

5)'.'«//^ww.— rain  in  moving,  slight  swelling  over  seat  of 
injury,  and  difficult  breathing  are  evident  symptoms.  If  the 
fracture  be  complete  the  grinding  of  the  bones  may  Ik;  noticed 
by  pla=-ing  the  h.and   flat  over  the  injurv'.  noting  carefully  the 


u 


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474 


rilli  I'KACTICAU  STUCK.  DOCTOR 


motion  as  chest  contracts  and  expands  in  btXiathing.  This 
symptom  is  more  noticeahk-  when  animal  coughs.  lu  slight 
casvs  the  animal  can  get  up  and  down,  but  in  severe  cases  may 
remain  lying. 

Tkk\tmhn'T. — 

Unless  the  point  of  the  l.roken  bone  penetrates  the  chest 
cavity,  no  treatment  is  required  other  than  (juiet,  j;ood  care  and 
food.  I'or  a  few  days  tlie  animal  should  be  restricted  in  the 
amount  of  food  and  water,  the  stomach  being  kept  as  nearly 
empt}'  as  possible.  Sloppy  food  should  be  given,  to  encourage 
as  much  as  possible  the  '  "e  action  of  the  diaphragm  inbreath- 
ing, If  breathing  is  laiored  and  attended  with  nnich  pain, 
motion  may  be  limited  by  applying  a  wide  bandage  firmly  around 
the  chest.  If  tlie  animal  remains  down,  turn  it  over  from  side 
to  side  three  times  a  day.  If  point  of  rib  penetrates  the  lung 
and  .sets  up  inflammation,  there  is  little  chance  of  recovery. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  SHOULDER  BLADE  OR 
SHOULDER  BONE.— Fracture  of  these  l)fjnes  is  indicated  by 
the  extreme  lameness  it  produces,  and  on  moving  the  leg  the 
grating  of  the  bones  may  be  heard.  In  a  case  of  this  kind  it  is 
best  to  destroy  the  animal,  unless  a  very  simple  fracture  and  the 
animal  is  a  young  one,  in  which  case  keep  it  very  (juiet  and  give 
good  care  ;  time  will  do  the  rest.  The  less  the  fracture  is  worked 
over,  the  better. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  BONES  BELOW  THE 
KNEE  AND  HOCK.— 

Sy/>//'/o/n> .—TliL'Tc  will  be  crookedness  of  the  leg,  lameness 
aTid  extreme  p.iin,  and  when  leg  is  moved  the  grating  of  the 
bones  on  one  another  will  be  heard. 

Treatment. — 

Put  the  animal  in  a  quiet,  roomy,  well-liedded  place,  set  the 
leg  in  shape,  and  havs  it  held  while  Ixuulaging  it  with  a  starched 
bandage,  which  is  a  long  strip  of  cloth  dipped  in  starch  used 
for  staiching  clothes.  When  drawing  strip  from  the  starch,  draw 
it  between  Ule  Uugers  to  get  oil  as  uiuell  as  iKj-ssiblc,    ibeu    wrap 


Iplt 


fcK'f'* 


)  :   I 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


475 


it  moderately  tight  around  the  leg,  using  plenty  of  bandage,  and 
liave  leg  and  bandage  held  in  one  position  for  an  hour  or  more 
for  bandage  to  har<len.  Thin  wooden  splints,  or  thick  leather 
ones,  can  be  used  in  coiniecti.Mi  with  the  starch  bandage.  After 
this,' the  bandage  will  hold  leg  in  shape.  Leave  it  on  four  or 
live  weeks  until  tlie  Ixines  heal.  Keep  animal  quiet  untd  the 
l,ones  are  well  knit  together.  If  leg  should  swell  with  the  band- 
a-c,  take  it  oil  and  put  on  a  lo<3ser  one.  The  Plaster  Pans 
banilage  may  be  used  in  place  of  the  starch  (see  Huksk 
I)i:i'Artmknt). 

Fractures  abtjve  the  knee  are  sometimes  treated  by  this 
nil.  thod  but  it  is  not  nearly  so  successful.  Cattle  cannot  be  put 
in  a  sling  as  can  horses.  They  are  less  nervous  and  will  keep 
.luieler  than  the  horse,  however,  and  treatment  is  fairly  successful 
if  the  fracture  is  a  simple  one. 

FRACTURE  OF  THE  BONES  ABOVE  AND 
BELOW  THE  STIFLE  JOINT.— 

Sr»i/>/oms.— Animal  may  not  be  able  to  stand,  but  if  so,  the 
leg  wi'll  be  hanging  loose.  By  moving  the  leg  one  can  hear  the 
broken  bones  grate  uiwn  each  other. 

Tkk.xtment. — 

In  severe  cases  it  is  best  to  destroy  the  animal;  if  fat,  kdl  u 
for  beef.  When  above  the  stifle,  the  only  thing  that  can  well  be 
done  is  to  keep  the  animal  quiet,  and  leave  lying  down  or  stand- 
ing, as  it  prefers.  If  below  the  stifle,  down  quite  close  to  the  hock, 
the  l)one  can  be  set  the  same  as  when  below  the  hock. 

STIFLE  OUT  IN  CATTLE.  — For  this  disease  the 
reader  is  referred  to  article  in  the  Hokse  Department,  the 
causes,  symptoms,  and  treatment  being  the  same. 

SPAVIN  IN  CATTLE.— This  is  generally  seen  in  work- 
ing oxen,  or  cows.  There  is  lameness  and  enlargement  on  the 
iimer  side  of  the  lower  part  of  the  hock  joint,  similar  to  spavin 
in  horses. 


Treatment. — 

T!i:.  1,.,  )1,..  . 


, 


I 

r-- 


;am 


;e  as  reconuneTided  for  "Spavin"  in  the  horse. 


.MJt^ 


:•»■-» 


.!^- 


->i. 


Ml 


476 


THH  PRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


SPRAINS. — A  sprain  is  an  injury  to  tlu  joint,  caustd  liy 
violence,  which  produces  more  or  lc--s  injury  to  tiie  lit;aments 
hindinj;  the  joints  toKolhi  r  and  to  thi-  soft  tissues  of  the  joints. 
It  is  usually  caused  by  twisting  or  bending  the  joint  in  an  unusual 
direction. 

Sy»ipft»ns. — If  severe,  lameness  usually  comes  on  at  once; 
joint  becomes  inflamed,  swollen,  and  tender,  and  is  moved  with 
much  difficulty. 

Tkkat.mknt. — 

Animal  should  be  kept  quiet.  If  there  is  severe  pain,  apply 
fomentations  of  hot  water  to  soothe  a  relax  the  parts.  When 
tliere  is  severe  and  persistent  ir.'hunniation.  cold  ap]>lications  in 
the  form  of  water  or  ice  ba^",.-^  are  betiellc  i  A.  When  inllanunation 
subsides,  if  I;inii  n.  s  .md  .Awclling  pcr.sjsl;..  •■■.\.]y.\  ihe  White  Lini- 
ir.Liit  (see  Pkk.^kii-tions,  in  the  back,  of  book),  well  rubbed 
In,  three  times  a  day.  In  some  cases  a  light  blister  will  hasten 
rcc(n-ery.  If  -^i.rain  is  i.i  the  joint  of  the  legs,  the  legs  may  be 
bandaged  each  time  after  bathing:  this  will  relieve  pain  and  .sup- 
jxjrt  the  joint.  A  part  that  has  Uen  .severely  sprained  should 
have  a  long  period  of  rest,  as  recovi  ry  from  sprain  is  slow.  Kor 
sprains  of  aiiy  particular  region,  see  discussion  for  the  same  In 
Horse  Department. 

WOUNDS  OF  ALL  KINDS.— For  treatment  of  wounds, 
see  HoKSK  Dei>.vrtmi-nt  (page  262),  Causes  and  treatment  are 
essentially  the  same. 

AIR  UNDER  THE  SKIN  CAUSED  BY  A  WOUND. 

— Sometimes  from  a  very  small  wound  in  ciltle,  air  gets  under 
the  skin  into  the  tissues  whicli  ccmnect  the  skin  to  the  body. 
The  amount  of  air  varies  greatly;  .sometimes  only  a  small  amount 
works  in  just  around  the  wound,  while  in  other  cases  quite  large 
amounts  may  be  drawn  in,  enlarging  the  part  very  much.  In 
order  to  make  sure  that  it  :s  air,  r  nb  the  hand  o\-er  the  skin  and 
it  will  make  a  peculiar  crackling  noise.  Tapping  on  the  >»kin 
with  the  fingers  produces  a  dnim-like  sound. 


disi:asi:s  oi-  cattij<: 


477 


'rki;.\TMI.NT.-  -  ,     ,    ,        f  1 

I'miclMrc  the  (lixlciuk-d  skin  with  a  l.road  l)l.uk<l  knife  and 
Kt  ..111  the  air.  Treat  the  wound  thus  inflicted  as  an  ordinary 
wuiuid-  ..r.  if  iKjs>ihle.  u.,rk  the  air  ..ill  throiiKli  the  oiK-nins 
ihn.imh  wliidi  it  entered.  Keep  the  animal  .iniel.  to  pn-vent  its 
o.UeetiiiK  a^ain,  as  nioveuieiilb  have  niiich  to  do  Willi  Ine  air 
ui.rkinj;  in. 

MAGGOTS  IN  NEGLECTED  WOUNDS  ;  SCREW- 
WORMS  IN  WOUNDS.  -N<.  thrifty  farmer,  or  stockman, 
should,  if  ix.ssil.le,  all.>w  such  a  condition  to  occur.  But  if  fn.m 
uversiKht,  or  other  circumstance,  such  a  case  exists,  the  wound 
should  be  thoroiiKhly  ckansed  witli  s..apy  water,  and  maRRots 
removed;  then  apply  a  Carlv.lic  Acid  lotion-Carlwhc  Acid,  6 
drachms:  water,  i  pint:  or,  Creolin,  i  ounce:  water,  i  pint.  If 
,  a.se  is  so  bad  that  this  d.>es  not  effect  a  cure.  Rive  the  wound  a 
,^o«<l  application  of  Spirits  ..f  Turpentine,  and  follow  as  at  first 
twice  a  day. 

In  some  sections  screw-worm.,  the  larva  of  the  screw-fly, 
ire  a  great  pest,  causing  serious  loss  to  live  stock.  They  attack 
.veil  the  smallest  w.-un.ls,  as  tick  bites,  wire  cuts,  and  the  like. 
1-or  these,  inject  into  the  wound  with  a  machinisfs  oil  can,^  a 
strong  Creolin  solution,  or  Kerosene,  or  Turi)entine.  Oil  of  Tiu: 
is  also  good.     Protect  fresh  wounds  with  Tar. 

WENS  RESULTING  FROM  WOUNDS  AND 
BLOWS.— These  are  hard,  fibrous  bunches,  or  tumors,  fre- 
■  lucntly  seen  on  the  ribs,  legs,  and  jaws.  Are  seen  mostly  on 
oxen. 

Tkhatmext.— 

If  noticed  when  first  started,  foment  them  with  hot  water 
several  times  a  day;  after  a  few  da>  s,  the  soreness  being  partly 
out,  use  Iodine  Ointment  (see  Presckii-tions,  in  back  of  book) 
once  a  day.  If,  however,  they  have  become  large  and  hard, 
nothing  will  be  of  any  use  short  of  cutting  them  off.  This  r.iay 
be  done  without  d.uger.  (See  "Tumors,"  in  HoRSE  Depart- 
ment). Afterward  dress  the  wound  with  a  3  per  cent,  solutioa 
of  Carbolic  Acid. 


I  H 

HI! 


; 


•t7H 


TIIIC  I'KACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN 


ECZEMA,  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC.  -  Eczema  i>  an 

iiinaimiuiii'«ii  of  the  ^kiii,  a>s()ciaktl  with  Muall  bli>tcrs.  TIk' 
disease  uiay  run  an  acute  course  ami  clisappi  r,  or  it  may  bccoiUL 
chronic. 

Cd/isrs.  l'"ilthitKs.s  and  lousiness,  over-feeding,  excessively 
damp  or  too  warm  «iuarlers  are  conducive  to  this  di-.ia'-e.  Cattle 
fed  on  sour  huhslances,  distillery  slops,  house  orKnden  !.;arhat;e, 
may  develop  llic  affecticm. 

Sim/'/iwis.  -There  is  swelling  .,-A  lieat  of  tile  skin;  little 
blisters  form,  containiiiK  a  watery  fluid;  these  bri.  k  and  dis- 
cl'.ar.L'c,  dry  up  and  Ileal,  but  while  these  are  healing',  a  new  croji 
breaks  out  in  another  place.  From  the  be;;inninj;,  animal  will 
rub  the  affected  parts,  and  disease  is  not  always  easy  to  reco^;- 
nize,  as  the  ruiibinj;  will  alirade  tile  skin  and  leave  surface  raw — 
sometimes  lileediiiK-  In  S'>nu-  cases  the  discharge  will  l)e  profuse 
and  disease  will  be  spreail  over  a  lar^'e  surface.  At  other  tinus  tlie 
formation  of  crust  or  rawness  of  skin  will  be  a  striking  feature. 

Tki;\tmi.nt.— 

If  animal  is  fed  too  high,  give  nil  active  puig.ilive  once  .i 
weik  -  1  to  !'/.•  pounds  of  ICpsom  .'-ialls  -  and  give  ni  tlu  feed, 
twice  a  day,  'J  ounce  of  S.iltix:»er.  If  the  aninud  i.-.  in  jmor  con- 
ililii'ii,  give  the  tonics  as  recommended  for  '  Chrouiclndigestion," 
along  with  occasional  doses  of  Ivpsom  Sails. 

ir  animal  is  lousy,  lice  musl  l)e  dcstroyc  1  before  e^/ema  can 
be  cured.  Much  w.a.shing  is  harmful,  yet  crusts  and  scales  must 
be  removed  to  make  external  applications  eflective  In  the  blister 
stage,  when  skin  is  hot  and  outer  ])art  peeling  off,  exposing  raw 
surface,  apply  the  following  solution: 

•Horacic  .Vciil ,'3  "unce. 

Water ■''  ounces. 

Or; 

Acet.-ile  of  Lead |i  (nmce. 

Water '  pmt. 


HI 


v. 

M 


<-  a. 

o 

V. 


)  ! 
i  ^ 


I 


4   1  '    ! 


if, 


DISEASKS  OF  CATTI<E 479 

This  will  often  relieve  the  smarting  or  itching,  and  serve  to 
;lop  exudation  and  dry  the  surface.  Alteruating  with  the  fore- 
going can  be  used: 

Creolin '  °«n«- 

Water '  V^^. 

These  may  be  used  several  times  a  day  until  a  healthy  scab 

is  well  established.     Then  use: 

Creolin '  """«• 

Sweet  Oil '  P'"'- 

Or  the  Benzoated  Oxide  of  Zinc  Ointment  (see  Trksckip- 
TIONS  in  back  of  book),  giving  affected  surfaces  a  thorough 
application  once  a  day.  Remove  cause  and  feed  moderately 
oil  such  as  green  food,  bran  mashes,   ground  oats,  clean  hay. 

and  plenty  of  salt. 

In  chronic  cases  the  treatment  will  need  1*  prolonged  and 
the  internal  treatment  given  esiK-cial  emphasis,  along  with  appli- 
cations to  the  diseased  pp^s  of  some  softening  ointment,  as  the 
one  mentioned  alxjve. 

ERYSIPELAS.— This  is  a  dii.ase  inflammation  of  the 
skin  sometimes  spreading  to  the  deeper  tissues  and  causing 
much  pain  and  irritative  fever.  It  may  be  transmitted  to  other 
animals  or  to  man,  by  direct  inoculation  through  a  wound,  or  by 
infected  instruments,  but  it  is  not  contagious  in  the  true  sense  of 

the  term. 

Cause  —The  caus(^  is  due  to  a  certain  class  of  germs  that 
gain  entrance  through  a  wound,  though  this  wound  may  be  so 
minute  as  to  escape   notice. 

Symptoms.— thQ  skin  is  hot,  tender  and  swollen,  and  if 
normally  white,  turns  intensely  red.  Color  does  not  disappear 
under  pressure.  The  inflammation  and  swelling  affect  the  deeper 
tissues,  which  have  a  "doughy"  feeling  and  "pit"  under  press- 
ure ■  there  is  a  well-defined  line  between  the  healthy  and  diseased 
partL  In  severe  cases  there  is  a  tendency  toward  the  formation 
of  a  brownish,  bad-smelling  pus  under  the  skin,  and  extensive 
sloughing  of  the  diseased  tissues. 


■^■St:}: 


•lu^J^. 


•t'  ■•;'lf 


-  ( 


'■■  '■:•  il    H 


V  v.' 


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S  i! 


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f 


480  Tin-   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Tkkatmknt. — 

If  there  is  fe^•er  and  the  animal  is  fat,  give  a  physic  of  i  to 
i}j  ix)unds  of  Iqisoiii  Salts,  and  also  use  the  following  : 

I'liiiil  Ivxtract  Acoiiilc I'/i  drachms. 

Fluid  Extract   liclladonna i>2  ounces. 

I'luid  l^xlract  Colcliii  11111  Seed I  ounce. 

Salliicter 3  ounces. 

Water  to  make I  pint. 

Shake.     /)t>sr:  2  ounces,  three  times  a  day. 

Rnt,  if,  on  the  other  haiid,  the  animal  is  run  down,  withhold  the 
Salts  and  give  the  following  : 

Tincture  of  Iron 6  drachms. 

Quinine i  ounce. 

Water  to  ni-ike  i  pint. 

Dine:  z  ounces,  in  ,'j  pint  of  water,  three 
times  a  day. 

In  connection  with  the  enn<ittitii)nal  treatment,  the  affected 
parts  should  he  wet  freciueiitiv  with  one  of  tlic  following  mix- 
tures, and  covered  with  a  cloth  wet  with  the  same  : 

Chloii'Uof  Iron  1  ounce. 

Alcoliul  yi  pint. 

Water 'A  pint. 

Or: 

Sugar  of  Lead 1  ounce. 

Water i  i'int. 

Or: 

Hyposulphite  of  So<la 4  to  6  ounces. 

Water I  pint. 

When  pus  forms,  the  cavity  should  be  opened  and  washed 
out  twice  daily  with  the  following  solutiou  : 

Corrosive  Sublimate 15  grains. 

Water i  quart. 

Or,  with  a  5  per  cent,  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid  : 

Carbolic  Acid 6  drachms. 

Water I  pint. 

The  serum  treatment,  as  used  with  the  human,  co)ddbe  tried 
in  severe  cases  and  where  the  value  of  the  animal  would  warrant 
the  expense.  A  veterinarian  or  a  physiciat:  would  be  required 
to  administer  the  sertim. 


I    = 


DISEASES  OE  CATTLE    48» 

LICE  —The  lice  of  cattle  are  of  two  kinds— the  blood- 
svckin«  lice  and  the  biting  lice.  There  are  two  varieties  of  the 
fi;.l  ktunvu  as  the  lonK-nosed  ox,  louse  and  the  short-nosed  ox 
louse  The  short-nosed  louse  is  the  hardest  to  c-xtermmate  It 
infests,  almost  exclusively,  the  neck  and  shoulders.  The  long- 
,„,sed  louse  is  the  most  common.  The  biting  louse,  or  bird 
louse,  generally  called  "  the  little  red  louse."  is  very  commonly 
found  on  cattle. 

S>.w/.fo;«.s.— Lousiness  geiierally  shows  itself  in  winter  and 
Inward  spring,  when  animal  is  found  tc  rub  infected  parts  of  the 
1,ody,  sometimes  so  much  so  as  to  abrade  the  skin.  It  becomes 
thin  in  flesh  and  run  down.  A  close  examination  will  reveal  the 
true  condition,  and  prompt  treatment  should  be  given. 

This  does  not  vary  in  thediilerent  species,  though  the  sho.t- 
nosed  fellow  is  the  hardest  to  kill.  The  following  is  recom- 
muKled  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Low:  Take  Vz  pound  of  Cocculus  Indicus 
,„.  each  animal,  then  add  2  quarts  of  vinegar,  and  set  on  the 
s.ove  to  simmer  for  one  hour.  Apply  this  by  rubbing  well  into 
the  hair  over  aiTected  part.  This  will  not  aflect  the  skin  nor 
icken  animal,  and  it  remains  effective  long  enough  to  kill  all  the 
voung  lice  as  they  are  hatched  from  the  "nits."  Kerosene 
I'uiulsion  is  very  effective  and  is  made  as  follows: 

KcioseneOil a  u^illons. 

Cominou  or  Wli^.le  dil  S.ap I  !>"''"'•• 

Soft  water i  gallon. 

Dis.solve  soap  in  water  and  add  solution  boiling  hot  to  the 
Oil-  then  churn  mixture  from  five  to  ten  minutes,  or  until  it  is 
white  and  creamy-like  and  no  free  oil  can  be  seen.  Dilute  Emul- 
sion in  9  parts  of  water  and  apply  it  to  the  animal  with  a  sponge 
or  brush.     Be  careful  that  the  animal  does  not  catch  cold. 

The  various  Coal  Tar  products  are  also  very  effectual,  as: 

Crcolin I  ounce. 

Water ' 'l"'*^- 

Or.  . 

Zenoleum.  or  Kreso i  pa"- 

Water 50  parts. 

(Vpply  the  same  as  the  Kerosene  Emulsion. 


"w^m^m^'^w^^mm 


wm^smm^msm^^imLTmwm 


.-  :lifIMib^ 


^^,,iJmtt-'Jc.:^i*¥P 


l-i 


rl":   <i 


482 


THK  I'RACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


!  5  1 


I- 


H 


With*any  of  tlitso  a  second  application  should  be  made  in 
ten  days  or  two  weeks,  as  the  applications  do  not  destroy  the  eggs 
and  these  will  have  all  hatched  hj-  that  time,  and  none  of  the  lice 
hatched  will  have  matured  and  dei)osited  eggs. 

The  mangers  and  stalls  where  the  animals  arc  kept,  should 
receive  an  application  wiih  '.be  same  preparations  as  used  on  the 
cattle. 

If  the  weather  is  such  that  the  washes  cainiot  be  rsed,  some 
benefit  will  be  derived  from  liberally  dusting  Pyrethrum  powdei 
into  the  hair. 

If  the  animal  is  run  down,  give  tonics  as  for  "Chronic  IntM- 
gestion." 

RING-WORM.— This  is  an  affection  of  the  skin  due  to  a 
vegetable  parasite,  and  is  ralliT  a  coninioii  one  in  cattle.  It  is 
most  frequent  toward  spring,  after  cattle  have  been  confined  in 
stable  during  the  winter.  It  is  sometimes  called  "barn-itch." 
It  is  not  readily  transmitted  from  <me  animal  <.o  another,  but, 
under  favorable  conditions,  it  may  be  done. 

6>w/'/(W/,f .  ■  -  The  disease  may  l)e  recognized  by  circular 
patches,  varying  from  one-half  to  several  inches  in  diameter,  from 
which  the  hair  is  fallen.  These  patches  usually  wcur  about  the 
head,  neck,  or  back.  The  skin  horn  which  the  hair  has  fallen  is 
slightly  thickened  and  scaly,  and  patches,  when  incrusted,  are 
of  a  silvery-gray  color.  Very  early  ir  disease  the  hairs  split, 
twist,  and  break  off  close  to  the  skin.  There  is  more  or  less 
itching. 

Trkatment. — 

Wash  off  crusts  with  soap  and  water,  and  apply  Tincture  of 
Iodine  once  a  day  for  a  few  days  to  destroy  the  i)ar;'>ile.  Tur- 
pentine, Kerosene,  and  a  solution  of  i  part  of  Carliolic  Acid  in 
20  parts  of  Sweet  Oil  are  all  very  good.  Acetic  Acid.  Sulphur 
Ointment,  or  Nitrate  of  Mercury  Ointment  are  also  recommended. 
Cleanse  stable,  and  whitewash,  to  destroy  spores  scattered  b>-  the 
crusts. 


^JE^ 


DISKASICS  OK  CATTLE 


483 


MANGE.  OR  SCAB,  IN  CATTLE.-Cattle  scab,  or 
K  h,  is  c-aii>e<l  by  a  niitc  very  closely  resembling  that  of  the 
.'iavp  .scab.  It  is  mu-l  common  on  the  great  cattle  ranges  of  the 
V  t  and  H)nlluvesl,  and  is  conmionly  known  there  as  the  "cattle 
I  '  •  This  disease  is  not  troublesome  during  the  graznig 
.ciuson  but  when  cattle  are  on  dry  feetl  in  winter,  or  when  first 
Itnned  to  grass  in  the  spring,  the  troul)le  exhibits  itself,  and  may 
cause  considerable  loss.  It  is  mostly  confined  to  young  cattle, 
md  to  those  out  of  condition. 

Sy»i/>/oiiis.—r\\<i  first  symptom  is  an  intense  itching,  usually 
in  the  region  of  the  neck  and  shoulders,  and  at  root  of  tad; 
niimals  lick  themselves,  bite  and  rub.  using  even  barbed-wire 
tences  for  scratching,  and  tearing  skin  till  it  bleeds.  From  these 
localities  disease  gra.lually  extends  a.  .ng  back,  sides,  and  down 
,he  outside  of  legs.  In  early  stages  Uie  coat  looks  rough,  and 
nair  stands  on  etui.  The  skin  Ixcomes  scurfy,  and  a  gummy 
.  xudation  from  it  forms  a  crust  in  the  hair  sometimes  a  half 
mch  in  thicKues^.  The  hair  then  comes  nIT,  or  is  rubl)ed  off, 
l.Mving  patclies  of  calloused,  thickened  and  wrinkled  .skin.  When 
ihc  hair  comes  off,  the  mites  leave,  bald  places  heal,  and  hair 
-tarts  again.  Animals  fall  away  rapidly  in  flesh,  and  have  a 
.U  iccted,  debilitated  look;  api)etite  is  p<^M)r. 

The  disease  spreads  rapidly,  especiall>  so  if  the  general  con- 
dition of  the  stock  is  not  good,  and  in  from  six  to  eight  weeks 
alter  the  apix-arance  of  complaint,  the  herd  will  generally  be 
ilTected.  Thriftv  animals  resist  disease  longer,  and  recover  more 
-iuicklv  when  attacked.  Disease  is  spread  by  direct  contact. 
-ither'from  one  to  another,  or  through  rubbing  places.  It  is 
ci-v  to  confound  this  disease  with  eczema,  and  assurance  depends 
on  the  di.scovery  of  the  parasite.  It  may  be  seen  on  the  hair. 
and  scales  from  the  skin,  by  the  aid  of  an  ordinary  magnifymg 
>d  iss  or  bv  the  unaided  eye,  as  minute,  white  points  moving 
ab,.ut,  when  animal  stands  in  the  full  glare  of  sunlight  on  a  warm 
day. 

Tkh-^TMENI-. — 

As  soon  as  disease  is  discovered,  remove  all  animals  not 
affected,  to  new  places  not  occupied  by  diseased  stock.   If  this  k 


liSmKL.::^^ 


r 


H 


% 


i\ 


481  Till'   I'RACTICAI.  8TOCK   DOCTOR 

not  feasible,  separate  all  animals  and  thoroiijihly  disinfect  all 
l)laces  where  animals  maj-  have  rnhbed,  hy  scnihhinj;  with  a  solu- 
tion made  hy  dissolving;  1  jiart  of  C:>rl)()lic  Acid  in  20  parts  of 
water.  Watch  animals  that  appear  healthy,  and  if  any  show 
sijjns  of  disease,  separate  from  others  at  once.  As  an  internal 
remedy,  s've  Snlphnr,  in  cond)ination  with  salt,  and  place  where 
animals  can  lick  it  at  will.     Mix  in  the  jiroiKjrtion  of: 

Sulphur I  pound. 

Sail 8  ]iiiiniil-;. 

If  tattle  ,ne  not  acenstonied  to  eating  salt,  limit  q'tantity  to 
a  small  handftd  at  first,  and  increase  amotnit  gradually.  The 
external  treat nieut  c(jnsists  of  application  of  remedies  to  destroy 
parasites  and  e^.^s  withoi.t  injnrin.y;  the  anim.d.  If  many  cattle 
are  afTected,  the  most  satisfactory  means  of  treating  is  hy  a  dip- 
ping vat  or  swimming  tank,  in  which  the  snl)merKing  of  the 
stock  <lt>troys  the  parasites.  I';n"icient  remedies  for  external 
ap])Iication  are  some  of  the  Coal  Tar  products,  such  as  Zenoleuni 
or  Kreso,  which  are  used  in  the  projxjrtion  of  1  part  of  the  pro- 
duct to  50  parts  of  water.  A  very  cheap  and  effective  dip  is  the 
Lime  ami  Sulphur  dip,  a.-i  recommended  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture: 

I-lowiis  of  Sulphur 21  I'ouuds. 

I'nslakcil  I.iiiK- ^^''\     " 

Water u  lo  i;  a  I  loii  s . 

Slake  the  I.inie  with  water  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste, 
sift  in  the  Sulphur  and  stir  well.  I'ut  this  mixture  in  a  kettle 
with  -\s  to  ;iO  gallons  of  water  ami  boil  two  hours,  or  until  the 
Sulphur  disapiK-ars;  then  put  in  a  barrel,  with  bunghole  some  four 
inches  from  the  bottom,  and  allow  the  chocolate-looking  mass  to 
settle;  draw  off  the  clear  li(iuid,  adding  enough  water  to  make 
100  gallons.  All  dips  should  be  used  warm— icxd  to  1 10  degrees. 
Keep  animals  in  the  dip  about  two  minutes,  or  until  the  scabs  are 
thoroughly  saturated.  A  second  dipping  in  about  two  weeks  will 
kill  any  mites  that  may  have  hatched  after  the  first  dipping.  If 
only  a  few  animals  are  diseased,  hand  treatment  may  be  resorted 
to,  but   it  must  be  thorouglily  done.     The  remedies  may  be 


DISK ASES  OF  CATTLE 


485 


f  ■ 


:H)plied  with  scnibbiiiK  1)rushes,  cloths,  or  sponges.  All  scabs 
Mill  crusts  nmst  Ik:  thoroughly  saturated,  and  remedy  should  Ije 
applied  warm,  as  iu  dipping.  Warm,  sunny  days  should  be  chosen 
for  treatment. 

HORN  FLY.— The  horn  fly— also  called  "Austrian  fly" 
-is  a  small,  black  fly,  about  one-half  the  size  of  the  common 
iiouse  fly,  and  of  the  same  general  shape.  It  was  imported  into 
America  about  18S7,  and  since  then  has  spread  all  over  the 
country.  It  causes  considerable  irritation  and  a  consequent  loss 
•,,f  milk.  The  name  arises  from  the  fact  of  their  habit  of  collect- 
ing in  tlumbers  at  the  base  of  the  horns  to  rest.  They  do  not 
bother  cattle  when  in  this  position,  but  by  biting  the  skin  of  the 
back,  sides,  and  flank.  They  api^-ar  with  the  first  warm  weather 
of  spring  and  disappear  with  the  first  severe  frost. 

Tki:.\tmknt. — 

Almost  any  greasy  substance  applied  to  the  skui  and  horns 
will  keep  the  flies  away  for  several  days,  and  must  then  be 
r.  peated.  Common  axle  grease,  Whale  Oil,  Carbolized  Oil,  or 
Tar  mav  be  used.  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  Pine  Tar  and 
Kerosene  Oil,  and  two  parts  of  Fish  Oil,  or  crude  Cotton  Seed 
Oil,  is  good;  first  "cut"  the  Tar  with  the  Kerosene  and  then  add 
theFish  Oil.  The  crude  Kerosene  is  as  good,  or  better,  than  the 
refined.  Brush  mixture  over  hair  surface  as  often  as  is  necessary. 
A  wash  of  Cifcolin  applied  twice  a  week  is  also  good.  Make  it 
by  mixing  and  shaking  together: 

Creolin »  «"°'=es. 

WaUr »  g'-i"""- 

BUFFALO  GNAT.— This  is  a  small  fly,  common  in  the 
louer  Mississippi  \-alle>-,  that  proves  a  great  scourge  to  the  cattle 
of  that  region.  In  color  they  are  black,  but  are  covered  with 
-rayish-brown,  short,  silken  hairs.  They  are  migratory,  or  are 
driven  in  swarms  by  the  wind,  and  are  found  in  localities  remote 
from  breeding  places;  in  some  instances  as  far  north  as  Jackson 
County,  111.,  and  Daviess  County,  Iiid.  They  appear  each  year 
".'itli  warm  weather  of  spring,  and  duration  in  infested  region 


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THIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


■31 


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lasts,  from  a  few  days  to  five  or  six  v/ecks.  They  arc  most  lively 
in  early  uioniing,  and  when  very  numerous,  cover  cattle  without 
regard  to  position.  The  bites  of  a  few  gnats  will  not  affect  an 
animal  seriously,  but  when  attacked  by  ^wainis,  he  weakens  rapid- 
ly from  loss  of  blo<Kl  and  shock,  and  may  later  diefronj  exhaustion 
or  l)loo<l-p<-)isoning.  When  attacked,  the  animal  "puts  for  the 
brush,"  or  jumps  into  the  water  to  get  rid  of  tiiem.  The  fatality 
is  even  greater  »mong  mules  then  cattle. 

Treatmkxt. — 

Preventive  treatment  counts  for  much  with  the  buffalo  gnat. 
Smoke  from  fires  built  ';f  wet  wood,  burning  leather,  Tar,  rags, 
ind  the  like,  will  keep  them  at  a  distance.  As  soon  as  gnats 
appear,  build  fire  as  above,  making  as  much  smoke  as  possible, 
drive  cattle  up  to  it,  and  they  will  stay  while  gnats  are  alx)Ut. 
Stabling  during  the  day  and  turning  out  late  in  the  evening  until 
early  morning,  is  a  reasonably  safe  measure  to  adopt.  Cotton- 
seed Oil,  mixed  with  Tar,  I-'ish  Oil,  Kerosene,  or  Carl)olic  Acid, 
as  for  "Horn  I'ly,"  applied  to  cattle  twice  a  day,  will  protect 
them  to  a  great  extent.  When  animal  has  l)een  weakeued  by 
attack  of  gnats,  give  from  '/j  to  i  drachm  of  Carbonate  of  Ammo- 
nia, and  .1  ounces  of  Whiskey,  in  'A  I'iut  of  water,  every  four  hours 
and  keep  him  iu  a  dark,  cool  place.  Occa.sional  immersion  iu 
cold  water  lias  been  txneficia!. 

GRUB  IN  THE  SKIN  WARBLES.  -  Little  round 
lumi)s  or  tumors  will  often  be  found  along  the  backs  of  cattle 
during  late  winter  and  spring.  These  are  called  warbles  and  are 
lairs  of  the  larvae  of  the  ox  gad-fly.  When  cattle  are  attac!  ed 
by  this  fly  it  is  easily  known  by  the  stir  and  commotion  made. 
The  unfortunate  oliject  of  attack  runs  bellowing  to  some  distant 
part  of  field  or  nearest  water.  Other  animals  scatter  out  of  fear. 
The  eggs  of  this  fly  are  laid  iu  the  region  of  I'le  heel,  and  are 
takeu  by  licking,  into  the  mouth,  where  they  hatch,  and  the  larvce, 
after  remaining  some  time  in  the  gullet,  finally  work  their  way 
into  the  cellular  tissue  Iw-neath  the  skin  of  the  back.  Here  they 
remain  until  eat  ly  spring,  forming  the  lumps  called  "warbles." 
The  loss  from  disconifv  .  to  cattle,  and  in  consequence  of  "grub- 
by '  hides,  is  great. 


J^Btmm     til^)''T^ 


DISKASKS  OK  CATTLK 


487 


TUUATMKNT.—  t.      1  1   u 

Whenever  cattle  have  these  tntnors,  every  warble  should  be 
treited  from  January  on,  by  applyiuR  Turi-cntine,  or  even  some 
thick  Kreasc,  or  a  mixture  of  the  two,  to  the  opening  directly  over 
the  lump  This  will  kill  most  of  the  warbles.  The  few  that 
remain  should  be  sciucezed  or  picked  out  to  prevent  the  develop- 
ment of  a  fly.  To  squeeze  out.  enlarge  the  opening  leading 
through  the  skin,  to  them,  with  a  small,  blunt  stick.  If  this  plan 
uere  generally  carried  out,  the  fiy  could  be  exterminated.  The 
■ad  fly  does  not  travel  far,  so  that  a  person  by  this  means  could 
lid  his  cattle  of  the  pest. 

SNAKE  BITES.  There  are  several  varieties  of  snakes  in 
this  country  whose  bite  is  poisonous,  among  the  number  being 
the  rattlesnake,  the  cotton  mouth,  and  0.  small  snake  of  the 
south.  On  cattle,  the  bites  are  generally  about  the  head,  feet  or 
limbs.  Close  inspection  will  generally  reveal  the  marks  where 
the  fangs  pierced  the  skin.  When  the  poison  has  been  freely 
injected  into  the  wound,  excessive  pain  is  soon  manifested. 
■  luickly  followed  by  swelling;  extreme  prostration  sets  in  and 
tlu'  animal  may  soon  become  partly  unconscious;  body  gets  cold, 
and  pulse-beats  faint;  finally  heart  fails  and  death  results. 
Usually,  however,  poison  does  not  cause  pain,  but  recovery  from 
diects  of  it  is  slow.  Abscesses  and  sloughs  may  form,  requ.ring 
ri  Umg  time  to  heal,  or  death  from  exhaustion  may  result. 

rKK.\TMKNT. — 

Give  Whiskey  in  '/^-pint  doses  every  thirty  minutes  to  an 
hour  until  it  arouses  sinking  vitality.  Aqua  Ammonia  in  i- 
•  nince  doses,  diluted  in  2  quarts  of  water,  may  be  used  instead  of 
Whiskey.  External  treatment  should  consist  in  cauterization  of 
wound  by  plunging  a  red-lu.t  iron  into  the  wound  as  deeply  as 
the  location  of  the  wound  will  permit.  Cut  gashes  in  the  skin 
over  the  swollen  part,  to  drain  the  blood  away  and  lessen  the 
.taiiger  of  sloughing.  Afterwards  keep  parts  well  pamted  with 
Tincture  of  lonine. 

BITES  AND  STINGS  OF  INSECTS.-These  may  be 
nflicte.i  by   lauuitulas,  scorpions,  wasps,  bats,  hornets,  and  the 


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Tin-:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOC  i" 


like.     Occasionally  an  animal  may  Ik.-  stun;;  hy  wasp  or  InimMc 
lite,  and,  owin^  to  condition  of   the  Mood,  the    injured  skin  will 
swell  and  f(jr!n  a  j)ainfid  eidarj;ement.      If   stnn^  hy  a  swarm  of 
bees,  prostration  and  sickness  may  follow. 

Tke.\t.mi:nt. — 

Apply  a  lotion  made  by  dissohinj;  2  drachms  Su^ar  of  I.,ca<l 
in  a  pint  of  water,  which  will  u>ii.dly  relieve  the  pain  and  swel- 
ling. An  ounce  or  two  of  Laudanum  may  be  ad'Uil  if  jiain  is 
severe.  Lotit)ns  of  Conkiu);  Soda,  or  Annnoiiin,  or  of  Caii)oIit' 
Acid,  will  also  Ik.-  found  i^ood.  The  White  Liniment  (si-e  rki:- 
SCRii'TiwNS,  in  the  back  of  book)  will  also  lie  found  beneficial 
in  drawing  out  the  jioison.  If  tlure  is  prostration,  j;ive  1  or  2- 
ounce  doses  of  Alcohol  in  '/j  \m\l  of  water,  repealing  as  occasion 
requires. 

BURNS  AND  SCALDS.— For  burns,  an  excellent  reme<ly 
for  cattle  and  all  domestic  animals  man  included  is  what  is 
called  Carron  Oil,  lieing  comjioscd  of  Linseed  Oil  and  Lime  water 
in  equal  parts.  Shake,  and  aj>ply.  Common  white  paint  is  also 
a  g(Kxl  remedy.  If  not  convenient  to  get  this,  Cooking  Soda, 
I'lour,  or  Starch  may  be  spread  on  the  wound  dry,  .nul  covered 
with  cotton  batting  and  a  light  bandage,  if  p)ssil)le. 

Tor  .scalds,  the  surface  may  be  bathed  with  a  solution  of 
Baking  Soda,  or  a  weak  solution  of  Sugar  of  Lead  i  tlraclnn 
to  a  pint  of  water— may  be  used.  The  dry  treatment,  or  Lime 
water,  as  in  burns,  may  also  be  used;  or  instead,  Oil  of  Turpeuiine 
may  Ik-  applied  over  the  scalded  skin. 

I'^or  either  burns  or  scalds,  a  dressing  may  be  used  as  follows. 

Carbolic  Aeiil '2  tf.is[M)oiit'ii:. 

Swcit  Oil }  (Miiui-. 

Blisters  should  be  opened  to  let  fluid  escape,  but  tlie  thin 
cuticle  raised  by  blister  should  be  allowed  to  remain. 

WARTS  AND  SMALL  GROWTHS  ON  THE  SKIN. 

—Warts  are  tumors  of  the  skin.  They  may  be  fotnid  on  any 
domestic  animal,  but  are  more  conunon  in  horses  and  cattle  than 
among  other  animals.  The  cause  of  warts  is  not  clearly  known, 
thoiieh  an  abnormal  nutrition  of  the  skin  is  the  explanation  gen- 
erally given. 


niSl'ASKS  OF  CATTLK 


489 


TUKATMKNT.— 

In  their  earl)  staKcs,  warts  can  be  destroyed  hv  an  applica- 
liun  of  pure  Acetic  Aci.'    applying  it  drop  by  drop  until  th.  wart 
is  sa   trated  and  s-ft.     In  ,1  week  or  ten  days  the  wa.t  wdl  i  ome 
off.     Should  it  not  come  "by  the  roots,"  make  another  applica- 
tion.     A  good  wav,  in  case  warts  have  a  neck,  is  to  tie  a  strin« 
nrinly  around  the  base  of  the  wart,  which  will  siwn  slough  ulT. 
If  there  is  no  neck,  cut  of!  with  a  sharp  knife  and  cauterize  the 
woiiiul  with  a  stick  ot  I.nnar  Crinstic  or  -.  hoi  iron.    Small  lumps 
and  tumors  in  the  skin  are  somewhat  cu   .mon   to  cattle,  but  are 
...sy  to  gel  rid  of.     Have  the  cow  held  securely,  then  cut  a  hole 
in  the  skin  over  the  lump,  dis.sect  it  out  and  cut  it  off  at  the  bot- 
tom     There  is  not  much  danj^er  of  bleeding  so  long  as  no  large 
veins  are  cut,   which  can  l)e  seen  in  the  skin.     After  removing, 
apply  White  I.otioii  twice  a  da^.    (See  Prescriptions,  in  the 
back  of  book.) 

TUMORS.— Tumor :^  are  abnormal  growths  of  tissue.  There 
arc  many  kinds,  named  usually  according  to  the  kind  of  tissue 
of  which  they  are  composed.  Warts  are  tumors  of  the  skin. 
Sore  tumors  that  tend  to  spread  and  do  not  yield  to  treatment  are 
known  as  malignant  tumors.  The  cause  of  many  tumors  is  not 
known.  Fibrous  tumors  are  sometimes  cau.sed  by  irritation, 
^uch  as  a  repeated  hitting  of  the  part.  Tumors  may  sometimes 
tollow  surgical  operations,  or  wounds. 

TkI'ATment. —  . 

The  only  satisfactory  treatment  for  tumors  s  their  removal. 
I'or  doing  this  there  are  several  methods  employed.  The  best 
one  for  m(jst  tumors,  and  for  some  the  only  one,  is  to  cut  them 
out  with  the  knife.  Care  should  be  taken  to  guard  against 
hemorrhage,  as  the  supply  of  blood  to  some  tumors  is  large. 
(Sec  "Tumors,"  Horsk  Dei-artmknt.)  Another  r..ethod  that 
.an  he  used  to  advantage  when  the  growth  has  a  small  base  or 
neck,  is  to  tie  a  strong  cord  tightly  around  the  neck,  or  winl  a 
rubber  band  several  times  around  it,  thus  ^hutting  ofT  the  blood 
supply.  In  a  few  days  the  tumor  will  slough  off  and  the  result- 
ing sore  can  be  treated  as  a  simple  wound.     Still  anuther  way  is 


f 


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490 


Tllli  FRACTICAU  STUCK  DOCTOR 


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to  use  caustics.  Arsenic,  or  Corrosive  StiMimate,  are  commonly 
Used,  IkjUi  sin;;ly  or  comhined.  A  jKlktof  tlie  caustic  alxjut  tlif 
size  of  a  small  pea,  wrapped  in  tissue  pajH-'r,  or  muslin,  is  pushed 
into  a  small  incision  made  in  the  base  of  the  tumor.  If  the 
tumor  is  large,  two  or  three  pellets  are  <jften  used.  In  a  few 
days  the  tumor  will  begin  to  separate,  and  will  tiiially  slougli  off. 
Tile  difTiculty  in  using  caustics  is  to  confine  their  action  to  the 
diseased  tissue.  The  least  painful  and  most  satisfactory  way  is 
to  remove  by  dissecting,  using  the  Cocaine  solution  as  a  kxral 
anaesthetic.  (See  OrKK.vnoNS,  HoKsi;  Depaktment).  With 
small  tumors,  the  repeated  use  of  Iodine  Ointment  may  remove 
them.     (See  Prescku-tions,  in  the  back  of  book.) 


DISEASES  OF  THE  FEET 


FOUNDER  LAMINITIS.  This  is  an  inflammation  of 
the  sensitive  structures  of  the  ffxil,  or  what  is  commoidy  called 
the  "quick."  Owing  to  the  simplicity  of  the  structure  of  the 
foot  of  the  ox,  as  compared  with  that  of  the  horse,  the  disease  is 
rarely  seen  in  an  acute  form,  but  a  mild  form,  commonly  called 
"soreness,"  is  a  more  common  occurrence. 

rrt«5«.— Overfeeding,  overheating,  or  Ijeing  driven  for  long 
distances  over  rough,  stony  soil.  In  the  cow  it  sometimes  follows 
parturition. 

SympUwts. — Animal  persists  in  lying  down  most  of  the  time, 
but  when  standing,  front  feet  are  well  out  in  front  of  her,  hind 
feet  drawn  forward  under  her  ;  the  feet  are  hot  and  sometimes 
swollen  around  the  top  of  the  hoof  and  sore  to  touch  ;  there  is 
more  or  less  fever,  the  pulse  is  accelerated,  and  breathing  is  quick- 
ened ;  will  drink  greedily,  but  there  is  not  much  appetite. 
'\^'Tien  forced  to  move,  excessive  tenderness  of  the  feet  is  manifest 
by  the  short,  stilty  steps.  The  disease  is  most  apt  to  affect  the 
front  feet,  but  may  affect  all  four,  When  all  four  are  affected, 
the  front  ones  will  not  be  put  out  forward  to  the  same  extent. 


mifL 


DISIiASUS  OF  CATTLK 


49' 


Thkatmknt.— 

Keep  animal  as  (luict  as  pfjssihle  and  foment  the  feet  with 
luia  water,  by  tying  blankets  alwvit  them  and  keeping  these  wet 
with  cold  water,  re-applying  the  water  every  half  honr.or,  have 
the  animal  stand  in  a  shallow  lank  of  water.  Give  animal  a  .lose 
of  Ivpsom  Salts— I  to  i  'j  jMHrnds  in  a  <inart  or  two  of  water,  and 
also  give  ^.  tablesix>onfnl  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  day,  and  in 
li.id  cases  give  with  this  a  teaspHmftd  of  I'lnid  Ivxtract  of  liella- 
,l,,nna  and  lo  dn.ps  of  I'lnid  Kxlract  of  Aconite.  If  the  animal 
cm  stand  in  a  stream  of  running  water  having  a  soft  lK)ttom  a 
{,  w  hours  a  day,  this  will  take  the  place  of  the  fomentations. 

Soreness  of  the  Feet  from  any  Cause  may  In;  treated 
the  same  as  "  hounder,"  and  by  keeping  the  animal  quiet.  If 
toes  are  too  long,  cut  off  with  mallet  and  chisel. 

LOSS  OF  HOOF.  Cattle  sometimes  become  fastened 
between  planks,  c,r  otherwise,  in  such  a  way  as  lo  pull  off  one  or 
l..,th  claws  in  the  elTort  to  extricate  themselves;  or  the  claws  of 
one  or  more  feet  may  be  shed  as  the  result  of  founder. 

TkKATMKNT. — 

Apply  a  thick  coating  of  Pine  Tar  over  the  bleeding  surface, 
then  cover  with  a  layer  of  oakum  or  absorbent  cotton;  apply 
another  coat  of  Tar  over  this,  and  then  bandage  closely  and 
tinuly.  This  may  remain  without  redressing  till  new  wall  is 
^lrong  enough  to  bear  weight  of  animal.  If  at  any  time  pus 
should  form  under  dressing,  as  increased  pain,  and  an  oozmg,  or 
a  bad  odor  will  indicate,  remove  bandage  and  redress  all  the 
unhealthy  surfaces  with  White  Lotion  (see  page  263),  and  a 
Carbolic  Acid  lotion,  and  then  apply  a  light  ckcssing  of  Tar  and 
'.otton  batting,  and  bandage.  Repeat  every  day  as  long  as  there 
is  pus  formation.  If  loss  of  hoof  is  due  to  suppurative  laminitis, 
the  raw  surface  must  be  thoroughly  cleansed,  and  disinfected  with 
the  foregoing  lotions.  Then  apply  a  moderately  thick  layer  of 
cotton  and  apply  the  Tar,  and  bandage  over  this.  After  this, 
the  solutions  may  be  poured  in  at  the  top  of  the  bandage  daily. 
It  may  be  necessary  sometimes  to  remove  whole  dressing  once  a 


f 


492 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


wctk,  to  give  the  parts  a.  fresh  cleaning,  and  then  to  re-apply  it. 
Ill  :ill  cases,  where  it  can  be  avoided,  the  first  dressing  should  not 
i)e  removed  entirely,  hut  holes  may  be  made  through  it  for  the 
cscajH;  of  the  pus,  and  the  application  of  the  lotions. 


ii 


i. 


FOUL  IN  THE  FOOT— FOOT  ROT.-This  is  inflam- 
mation (if  tlie  foot  between  the  claws  or  toes,  and  in  some  cases 
the  inflammation  extends  around  the  bulb  of  the  heels  and  also 
;uound  the  coronet. 

('<i//s,:<.  From  o\i.r';rowth  ol  the  claws  and  inward  pressure 
of  the  same,  as  in  in.nrowini;  nail  in  man;  from  the  irritation  of 
stable  fihh;  or  to  foreign  substances  becoming  wedged  in  between 
iIk-  Iocs.  Tlii-^  ^li^ease  is  most  connnonly  seen  on  the  hind  feet, 
tlioii-;li  all  four  ni.iy  be  affected.  It  is  not  contagions,  as  in  sheep, 
idtluni,L;li  a  nnmlier  of  animals  exposed  to  the  same  conditi(jns 
m.iy  develon  the  disease. 

Svmptoins. — The  animal  is  observed  to  limp  in  walking.  On 
.Kamining  the  feet,  there  is  foinid  fever  and  swelling  aljove  the 
hcH>f,  and  of  the  soft  parts  between  the  claws,  which  fre- 
lUently  spreads  the  toes  apart  to  a  considerable  extent,  or  the 
iiiflamniation  may  have  idvanced  to  softening  an.l  sloughing  of 
the  soft  parts  lx;tween  the  toes.  If  disease  is  neglected  at  this 
'tage,  deep  abscesses  ma\'  form  and  the  pus  Imrniw  under  the 
horny  wall,  or  the  joint  within  the  foot  may  become  inflamed,  in 
which  ca.se  the  treatment  is  (lifliciilt  and  recovery  tedious. 

Tkk.\Tmknt.  - 

In  the  early  stages,  before  tlu.-  pus  Imnows  beneath  the 
horn,  thorot:ghly  cleanse  the  ])art  and  appl_\'  a  3  jkt  cent. 
CarlKjlic  Acid  lotion  and  also  I  he  White  Lotion  (see  Prkscrip- 
Tio.NS  in  back  of  book),  and  then  foment  in  cold  water,  as  in 
■ 'I'"onniler,"  also  treat  internally  as  for  "Founder."  Feed  on 
laxative  diet,  and  give  clean,  dry  stable.  If  deep  sloughing  has 
taken  place,  the  Carl;olic  '-nlntion  should  be  used  the  same,  and  a 
v.ad  of  oakinu  or  cotton,  smtared  with  Pine  Tar,  shoidd  I>e  firmly 
secured  in  the  cleft.  This  can  be  done  by  taking  a  strip  of  strong 
clotli,  two  inches  wide,  [lassiiii;  the  middle  between  the  toes,  then 
tying  the  ends,  after  winding  them  in  opposite  directions,  above 


|i| 


i    ^ 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLK 


493 


H 


the  hoof.  Sometimes  wir,  .  oullicing  with  Linseed  meal,  boiled 
carrots,  or  boiled,  mashi.'  ^x)tatoes,  can  be  used  in  place  of 
fomenting.  If  pus  burrows  under  the  horn,  its  channel  must  be 
followed  by  paring  away  the  horn,  until  the  bottom  is  reached. 
Then  treat  as  already  reconnnended.  If  the  joint  has  become 
inflamed,  the  animal  should  be  placed  in  a  shallow  tank  of  water 
and  the  other  treatment  continued.  If  the  animal  does  not  take 
kindly  to  the  fomenting  or  ixjulticing,  stand  him  with  tlic  alTected 
iL-et  in  a  shallow  tank  of  water,  containing  4  ounces  of  Acetate  of 
Lead  and  4  ounces  of  Carbolic  Acid  to  each  pailful  of  water  used. 
Keep  the  water  cold  by  adding  a  little  ice  occasionally. 

PRICKS  AND  WOUNDS;  FISTULA  OF  THE 
FOOT.— If  an  animal  suffers  from  a  penetrating  wound  from 
prick  of  fork  or  nail,  the  orifice  of  the  wound  should  Ix;  enlarged 
to  allow  a  free  discharge  of  pus;  then  apply  a  Linseed  meal  ixjul- 
tioe,  changing  it  three  time  a  day  until  the  fever  has  abated,  and 
flush  out  the  wound  with  the  Carbolic  Acid  lotion.  Keep  animal 
on  a  clean  floor  until  all  lameness  has  gone. 

If  an  animal  is  cut  in  the  foot  with  barbed  wire,  glass,  or  any 
other  substance,  dress  the  wound,  after  careful  cleausiug  with 
Carlujlic  solution: 

.    Carbolic  Aci<1 6  drachms. 

Water '  P'"«- 

If  any  uneven  edges  of  horn  or  skin,  or  of  torn  flesh  project, 
trim  them  off  and  apply,  where  {lossible,  a  tarred  bandage.  This 
will  hold  parts  in  place,  keep  out  flies,  and  exclude  dirt.  When 
llie  wound  has  extended  into  a  joint,  surgical  treatment  may  l)e 
needed,  and  a  veterinarian  should  l>e  caikd.  Sometimes,  by  i«KJt 
getting  caught  in  a  crevice,  it  gets  bruised,  wrenched,  or  some 
part  of  the  foot  is  fractured.  In  such  a  case  apply  cold-watei 
blankets  to  the  part  until  the  fever  and  swelling  disapix>ar:  after 
which  allow  the  animal  rest  until  the  foot  is  strong.  Unless  com- 
plications arise,  this  will  be  all  the  treatment  needed. 

In  ca.se  the  wound  Incomes  fi^lulous,  which  will  be  known 
by  laraenesfe,  and  discharge  from  a  small  opening,  which  shows 
no  tendency  to  heal;  pare  out  the  bora  around  the  sore  spot.  s<. 


'w 


I  < 


494 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


as  to  allow  a  free  discharge  of  contents,  and  inject  the  Carbolic 
Acid  lotion;  then  ponltic-  with  hot  Linseed  meal  until  the  offend- 
ing; substance  is  removed.  After  this  is  out,  the  wound  will  heal 
without  further  trouble.  With  these  wounds,  standing  in  the  shal- 
low tank,  as  for  "Founder"  or  "Foul,"  may  prove  a  very  effectual 
treatment. 


I««i 


II 


i  f 


V,    i 


DISEASES  OF  THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM 


APOPLEXY;  CONGESTION   OF    THE    BRAIN.- 

Apoplexy  is  the  rupture  of  a  blood  vessel  in  the  brain;  congestion 
iS  the  abnormal  flow  of  blood  to  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

Ctu/scs.—n  may  be  due  to  degeneration  and  conseciuent  rup- 
ture of  a  blood  vessel  in  the  brain,  the  ilarming  symptoms  being 
due  to  the  pressure  of  Idood  uixjn  the  nerve  substance.  I'at. 
full-l)loo<led  cattle  are  most  likely  to  be  affected  with  disease. 

Sympioins.  —  Attack  is  sudden,  animal  generally  falls  as 
llujugh  hit  with  an  ax;  convulsions  similar  to  tlioso  described  in 
(.■!Kei)halitis  may  ensue,  or  may  l^e  both  unconscious  and  niotion- 
U>s;  the  eyes  are  o]K'n  and  blindly  staring,  mouth  frothy,  and 
body  cold;  breathiiiK  is  loud  or  snorin^'.  pulse  frequent  and  small. 
Symptoms  may  motlerate,  but  continued  escape  of  blood  caust^ 
death.  In  the  case  of  pkthr.nr  rattle,  in  hot  weather,  symptoms 
are  similar  but  milder;  animal  may  at  first  !>e  dull,  staggering, 
and  fall  only  to  the  knees,  the  mu//le  resting  on  the  ground. 

Treatment.— 

Cold  applications  should  be  applied  to  the  head,  in  the  form 
of  cold,  wet'  blankets,  or  lx.>tter,  ice  poultices,  and  the  general 
treatment,  n^  in  "luicenhalitis,  or  Infiammation  of  the  Brain,"  is 
indicated.  If  simple  congestion,  the  animal  will  recover  in  a 
comparatively  short  time;  if  apoplexy,  it  is  more  seri(nis,  and 
treatment  may  fail. 


il 


t    L 


,.-v-  TM  .^1  l-r-,^> 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


495 


CONCUSSION  OF  THE  BRAIN.— 

Causes.— From  striking  the  head  on  some  hard  object  while 
running,  or  from  falling  on  the  head.  The  injury  may  fracture 
the  cranium  and  cause  compression  (pressing  together)  of  the 
6rain, 

Jv7;,/>/<7w.?.— These  vary  with  severity  of  injury.  Animal  may 
lie  prostrate  and  unconscious,  with  loss  of  sensation  and  power; 
if  there  are  slight  convulsive  movements,  they  are  without  effort 
of  the  will      Death  may  follow  injury;  or  if  blow  was  not  serious, 
recovery  follow  in  a  short  time;  or  animal  may  remain  uncon- 
scious, or  may  partially  recover  and  encephalitis  result  in  a  few 
>:ays.     The  injury'  may  not  only  cause  concussion,  but  at  the 
^ame  time  may  fracture  one  or  more  bones  of  the  cranium;  this 
may  be  simple— a  crack  in  the  bone  without  depression,  or  broken 
l)one  may  be  depressed,  pressing  on  the  brain,  producing  what  is 
called  compression  of  the  brain.     Compression  of  the  brain  may 
also  follow  injury  without  fracture,  where  there  is  a  ruptured 
i)lo()d  vessel,  the  escaped  blood  pressing  on  the  brain  substance. 
Or  the  injury  may  cau.se  inflammation,  and  compression  be  due 
to  pus  f«rmati(jii.     Compression,  when  due  to  escape  of  blood, 
may  be  susiK-cted  when  insensibility  continues.     When  from  pus 
turnialion.  the  animal  partially  recovers,  but  after  three  or  four 
(lavs  Incomes  unconscious  again. 

TklCATMr.NT. — 

If  there  is  fracture  with  depression  of  tone,  the  part  must 
Ik  ik-vated,  which  in  some  cases  may  be  done  with  a  strong  piece 
of  <ieel,  like  a  knife-blade.  In  many  cases  it  is  necessary  to 
reuujve  a  jwrtion  of  the  bone  in  order  to  be  able  to  raise  the 
depressed  part,  but  such  cases  call  for  expert  treatment,  and  if  a 
velcrhianan  is  not  immediately  at  hand,  and  the  animal  not  a 
very  valuable  one,  it  should  be  butchered  as  soon  as  possible  after 
accident,  Ixrforc  the  meat  is  unfit  for  use. 

In  concession  of  the  brain,  during  the  first  stages,  when  the 
surface  of  the  body  is  cold,  cover  body  and  legs  with  warm 
blankets.  It  is  useless  to  try  to  give  medicine  while  animal  i* 
insensible.  Cold  water,  or  crushed  ice.  shotild  be  applied  to  the 
head,  and  when  consciousness  returns  give  the  purgative  drencb, 


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Mm: 


496 


Till-;  PRACTICAIy  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


lii 


:is  in  "  Kncephalilis."  Assist  the  animal  to  its  feet,  put  in  a 
Lomforlable  place,  free  from  noise  and  lisht.  Only  small  amounts 
of  food,  in  the  form  of  bran  slops,  or  freshly  cut  grass,  should  be 
yriveJi  for  some  time.  As  a  preventive  against  "  Kncephalilis," ' 
which  is  very  apt  to  re-uU  from  injuries  of  this  kind,  give  the 
general  treatment  for  that  disorder. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN-ENCEPHA- 
LITIS.—Inflammation  of  the  brain  and  its  membranes,  is  lech 
nically  called  "Encephalitis,"  but  owing  lo  various  symptoms, 
which,  no  doubt,  depend  on  the  particular  part  affected,  disease 
is  known  by  a  variety  of  names,  as  "staggers,"  '-stomach 
staggers,"  "  mad  staggers,"  "  sleepy  staggers,"  and  the  like. 
Inflammation  of  the  brain  without  involving  membranes,  is  so 
rare,  and  the  possibility  of  distinguishing  it  by  symptoms  m) 
remote,  that  it  will  be  included  in  this  treatment. 

CiVisfs. —'^lay  be  caused  by  blows,  or  injuries  to  the  head  ; 
by  irritalicjn  from  tumors  of  the  brain  ;  or,  fcxxl  containing  ergot 
or  other  fungus  growth,  may  cause  the  affection.  In  some  local- 
ities certain  plants  have  the  reputation  of  causing  the  affection, 
as,  for  example,  the  Atamasco  lily  is  c.nlled  "  .stagger  grass." 

Sy»ip/oms. — These  vary  much  ;  Inil  a  careful  o1)server  will 
notice  trouble  with  nervous  system.  I'"irst  signs  may  be  those  of 
frenzy,  but  generally  at  the  start  the  animal  is  dull  and  sleepy, 
and  may  stand  with  head  pressed  against  a  wall  or  fence  with 
legs  kept  moving  as  though  animal  were  trying  lo  walk  through 
an  obstruction  ;  or  the  body,  es{K'cially  the  hind  part,  may  be 
leaned  against  side  of  stall  or  stable,  as  if  for  supiKirt.  Howds 
are  constipated  and  urine  scanty  and  dark  colored.  There  iu«iy 
be  trembling  and  spasms  of  muscles  in  difTerent  parts.  In  dull 
stage,  breathing  is  slower  than  normal,  and  tliere  nia\-  be  snoring; 
pulse  large  and  less  frecjuent.  If  aroused,  animal  acts  startled 
and  stares  wildly.  The  gait  is  staggering.  When  delirium 
ensues  animal  is  said  to  be  mad  ;  it  liellows,  stamps  Ihe  feet,  runs 
about  wildly,  grates  the  teeth  and  froths  at  the  mouth.  If  con- 
finefl,  it  rears  atid  phuiges,  and  fits  are  so  violent  that  it  is  ofteu 
dangerous  to  offer  aid.     May  be  wet  witb  sweat  :  fall ;   muscles 


;-^-'.    tSs,4tbXSir' 


DISRASRS  OF  CATTLE 


497 


Kvitch  and  jerk  ;  often  head  is  raised  and  dashed  to  ground  until 
„ose  and  month  l.le.d.     ICye'may  be  blood-shot  ;  limbs  straight 
-nid  stin    or  may  be  kicked  about  recklessly  ;  head  may  be  drawn 
"hack    or'toonesi.le;   nrine  may  come   in  jets;  often  the  haw  is 
drawn  over  the  eve.     Convulsions  may  be  succeeded  by  a  more 
or  less  prolonged  stuixjr,  and  animal  regains  senses,  gets  on  Us  feet 
-ind  T)erhaps  eats,  while  at  other  times  it  ^ets  up  with  difficulty 
;,ul  staggers  blin.lly  al,out  the  stall  .r  field.    The  above  symptoms 
'.re  not  all  present  in  one  case.     In  those   cases  called    "sleepy 
statrsrers  -  the  general  symptoms  of  drowsiness  are  shown,  while 
i„' other' cases  the  fren/.y  symptoms  cause  affection  to  be  called 
"  mad  staggers."     In  other  cases,  when  the  spmal  cord  and  its 
,„embranes   are   involved,    there  are,    in  addition,  symptoms  of 
paralvMs    swaving  of  hindquarters,  inability  to  rise,  etc.      Ihe 
vari.mssymptoms  increase  in  fre<iuency  and  violence  until  they 
en.l  in  death,  which  usually  results  from  an  attack  of  hmcephahtis 
i„  cattle.  When  disease  follows  injury  to  head,  symptoms  usually 
ilo  not  follow  for  two  or  three  days. 

TKr.ATMKNT.— 

To  be  of  any  use,  treatment  must  be  prompt.     Give  a  good 
purgative;  to  a  cow  of  average  size  the  following: 

Kpsom  Salts  '^^  P"""*^^- 

rulvm/c-,!  Gambog.- 'A  """«• 

Warm  water 3  quarts. 

yV;  1  all  togetlu  r  ami  y.\y>^  as  a  drench. 

In  addition,  inject  into  the  rectum  about  twr.  quarts  of  warm 
water  or  warm  soaps.uls,  every  tliree  or  four  hours.  Keep 
a„i,nal  quiet;  give  plenty  of  cold  water,  but  no  food  except  bran 
slops  in  small  quantities,  and  freshly  cut  grass,  if  in  season. 

During  convulsions,  give  quieting  drugs- 1 -ounce  doses  oi 
Rromideof  Potash,  along  with  i -drachm  doses  of  Fluid  Extract  o 
lielladonna,  every  three  or  four  hotirs.  and  a  tablespoonful  of 
Saltpeter  three  times  a  day;  keep  animal  from  injuring  itselt; 
hold  head  to  the  gr.mnd  and  have  plenty  of  straw  under  it.  Cold 
,vater  should  be  continuously  applied  to  the  head,  or  ice-bags 
used  on  the  head. 

3t 


I'. 


-i  II 


:>.d^^z  1^. 


•s.'*  -•■ 


m. 


i  I 


498 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


If  the  animal  is  dull  instead^,  of  delirious,  do  not  give  the 
Bruuiidc  of  Potasli,  but  instead  give  the  following. 

Fluid  Kxtract  of  Relladonna 2  ounces. 

Fluid  I'^xtract  Colchicum  Seed ijj    " 

Alcohol 8 

Saltpeter 3       " 

Water,  to  make i  pint. 

/)ose:  I  ounce,  five  or  six  times  a  day.    Give 
very  carefully,  or  aiiiuial  will  choke. 

Continue  the  ice  poultices  to  the  head.     Mustard  paste  is 

sometimes  applied  along  the  spine  and  may  be  of  some  value. 

After  two  or  three  days,  if  the  animal  shows  some  improvement, 

give  the  following,  alternating  the  doses  with  those  of  the  fore 

going: 

loiiide  of  Potash 6  drachms. 

Fluid  l.xlract  of  Difjitalis yi  ounce. 

Water  10  make i  pint. 

/k>sc-:  1  I  )unces,  three  times  a  day. 

PAI  \LYSIS.-  Paralysis  is  a  loss  of  voluntary  motion. 
Its  no-  iinninn  forms  are  better  known  under  the  names  of 
par.  ;4f  and  hemiplegia.  In  the  former,  the  wliole  fore  or  hind 
par-  t&ctefi     in  the  latter  case,  one  side  of  the  Ixxly  only  is 

afft 

\ii  —May  be  due  to  concussion  of  the  spine:  fracture  of 
a  b'  e  or  le  spinM column;  concussion  of  the  brain;  compression 
■  ^f     ae  '  .\      injury  to  I  me  side  of  the  bruin  may  produce 

jiiralysi  .liai        e  of  the  head  and  of  the  opix)site  side  of  the 

■■-  'v.  oci-         1  connection  with  partiirienl  :nx)plexy,  lead 

;       oninj. ,     r;.'  and   the  like.     It   may   be   associated   with 

itKhgesti'ii     ■'       ev  t  cows  heavy  with  calf . 

TkKATVSlNT 

Find  on;  llie  cause  of  trouble  and  give  treatment  as  directed 
tnider  the  same.  If  the  cause  is  not  well  understood,  the  follow- 
ing treatment  may  he  beneficial.  Give  a  mild  purgative,  as  fol- 
lows: 

Kpsoni  Salts 1  pound 

Oin).;er i  ounce. 

Water 2  quarts. 

Mix  and  give  as  one  dose. 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


499 


Give  also  the  following  as  one  dose  and  repeat  it  night  and 
morning  for  a  month. 

Nux  Vomica 2  drams. 

Saltpeter H  ounce. 

Mix. 

If  muscular  twitchings  should  occur,  discontinue  for  a  few 
»lays. 

EPILEPSY-FITS.- 

ra«5«.— The  exact  cause  of  epilepsy,  in  a  majority  of  cases, 
is  not  known.  Diseases  of  the  brain  in  some  cases  are  causes; 
and  in  other  instances  the  trouble  has  been  shown  in  connection 
with  a  diseased  condition  of  the  blood.  Teething,  worms,  and 
chronic  indigestion  are  also  causes  of  the  affection. 

5j'w/>/(>w5.— This  disease  is  characterized  by  the  onset  of 
sudden  convulsions.  Animal  may  seem  in  fair  condition,  but  at 
any  time  may  have  an  attack,  manifested  by  staggering,  falling, 
and  violent  convulsive  actions  of  the  muscles  of  the  body.  Urine 
or  dung  may  be  passed,  during  fit,  involuntarily,  and  breathing  is 
stertorous  or  snoring. 

TrkatmENT.— 

If  there  are  symptoms  of  worms  or  indigestion,  follow  the 
general  treatment  as  indicated  under  their  proper  heads.  If  dut- 
to  irritation  caused  by  teething,  the  inflamed  gums  must  l)e 
lanced.  If  unsliLd  temporary  teeth  arc-  the  cause,  they  must  In.- 
extracted.  When  the  cause  cannot  be  discovered,  there  is  little 
prospect  of  a  cure.  vSome  benefit  m.iy  be  derived,  however,  by 
an  occasional  dose  of  purgative  medicine,  as  a  pound  of  Epsom 
Salts  di.ssolved  in  a  ([uart  of  warm  water.  In  addition  to  the  pnr- 
tjatire,  4  drachms  of  Bromide  of  Potash  dissolved  in  drinking 
water,  three  times  a  day,  has  sometimes  been  foimd  eflicacious. 

CORNSTALK  DISEASE.— Throughout  the  corn-grow- 
ing regions  of  the  Western  and  Central  States  it  is  a  common 
practice  to  turn  cattle  into  the  fields  after  the  com  has  been 
i^^athered  to  eat  the  stalks  and  leaves  that  would  otherwise  be 
wasted.  From  these  conditions  occurs  the  disease  as  above 
named. 


:  i 


.1 


|i| 


500 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


t^ 


I  Ip 


M 


H.- 


Causes. — The  real  cause  is  nut  known,  but  is  prohahly  either 
acute  indij^estion  or  i«)isoniiii;  hj-  some  sul)stance  in  the  stalks. 
It  is  most  common  in  years  when  there  is  a  heavy  growth  of 
stalks,  and  after  the  same  are  thoroughly  dried.  Attacks  seem  to 
he  as.sociated  with  cold,  wet  storms.  Yotuig  cattle  are  more  sub- 
ject to  the  disease  than  old  ones,  and  the  trouble  is  most  frefjueiit 
when  the  cattle  are  first  turned  into  the  fields,  or  are  changed 
from  one  field  to  another. 

Sy»//>/oms. — Disease  comes  on  with  few  premonitory  symp- 
toms. The  first  usually  noticed  is  that  aniiual  stands  "humped 
up"  and  apart  from  his  fellows.  If  made  to  move,  he  does  so 
reluctantly  and  with  a  peculiar,  wabbling  gait.  There  is  twitch- 
ing of  the  tail  and  kicking  at  the  belly.  Usually  there  are  indi- 
cations of  delirium,  and  as  disease  advances  these  become  more 
marked  and  associated  with  signs  of  severe  i)aiii,  such  as  IhtIIow- 
ing  and  moaning.     Death  usually  follows  in  24  hours. 

Trk.\tmknt. — 

There  is  no  medicinal  treatment  that  has  proved  of  any  bene- 
fit, but  preventive  measures  will  greatly  reduce  the  lo.ss.  Cattle 
should  be  well  fed  and  watered  before  turning  them  into  the 
fields,  and  some  laxative  foo<l,  such  as  alfalfa  or  millet,  fed  every 
day.  At  first,  a  half  hour  a  day  in  the  field  is  enough,  thei' 
gradually  increase  until  they  have  become  accustomed  to  the 
change  in  food. 

SUNSTROKE.  -  This  is  not  a  very  common  occurrence 
among  <attle.  Working  oxen,  stall-fed  cattle  that  ha%'e  lieer. 
<lriven  some  distance  on  the  road  in  hot  weather,  and  cattle  shut 
up  in  jx-iis,  or  cars  in  transit,  are  the  most  subject  to  attack. 

S)'>//p/o»is.— The  first  are  those  of  exhaustion  dullness, 
panting,  frothing  at  the  mouth,  tongue  hanging  out,  irregular 
gait,  uneasiness,  palpitation  of  the  heart,  when,  if  conditions  are 
not  mitigated,  animal  staggers,  falls,  struggles,  and  then  becomes 
quiet,  or  he  may  continue  struggling  and  try  to  get  up  agam. 
In  serious  cases  uncousciousness  may  come  without  premonitor,'' 
symptoms. 


f  ij 


insi:Asi';s  oi-  cattm-: 


y>t 


Tki   \TMKNT.— 

When  not  ft-verc,  remove  to  a  (luiet  place  for  a  few  days,  and 
fccrp  on  a  reduced  diet.  This,  in  nio.sl  instances,  is  all  that  will 
I.C  needed.  When  animal  has  fallen,  apply  cold  water,  or  icc,  to 
tlK'  head;  rub  the  Inxly  and  linil)S  with  cloths  wet  with  cold 
,vater,  or' wisp  of  straw,  and  keep  up  the  rubbing  for  some  time. 
It  iK)wcr  of  swallowing  is  not  lost  -  which  can  be  found  out  by 
trying  with  a  little  water-  give: 

I,i(iu,)r  AniiiKmi  I  fortis 3  'Irachms. 

Water,  cold : •  'l"'"-t- 

Be  careful  in  drenching.  .  Kei)eat  in  one-half  hour,  and  again 
n  one  hour.     Instead  of  Ammonia,  the  following  may  he  given: 

Spirits  of  Nilroti-i  l-.tlur ^  ounces. 

Water,  coM....- '  l'"'^' 

Or:  4  to  6  ounces  of  Whiskey,  or  2  to  3  ounces  of  Alcohol, 
n,  one-half  pint  of  water. 

The  Anmionia  is  preferable,   however.     If  itnconscionsness 

...ntinnes  .so  that  the  remedy  cainiot  be  given  by  month,  give 

.  ,nie  amount  of  Ammonia  and  water  as  an  injection.     The  com- 

„-on  Aqua  Ammonia,  or  Hartshorn,  nuiy  h.  used,  if  other  is  not 

.t  hand,  but  it  is  much  weaku  ,  ,iiul  i  •_•  ..ui-ces  wouhl  be  required 

„.r  a  dose,  with  .amonnl  of  water  as  above.     When    Ammonia  is 

not  at  hand,  shake  2  omices  of  Turpentine  m  a  pint  of  milk  and 

mject  in  the  rectum,  aiul  tbi^  will  Ik-  iK-nefkial  until  Ammonia  is 

pr.Knired.    As  soon  as  the  animal  ran  rise,  get  to  a  shelter.    Oivc 

lU  the  cold  water  it  will  drink,  and  vive  the  Ammonia,  or  Alcohol, 

arench  as  long  as  there  is  imnh  failure  of  sliength.     SlopPY  food 

,,nd  a  little  freshlv  cut  ^rass,  in  limited  <iuantity  only,  should  \hi 

.dlowed  for  -everai  dass.     When  signs  of  returning  strength  are 

>hown,  give   12  oiuKVs  of  I-psom   Sails  in  a  (luart  of  water-in 

those  cases  that  have  lieen  down  and  unconscious;  give  slowly. 

Never  resort  to  bleeding  in  this  trouble. 

LOCK-JAW -TETANUS.  -Cattle  arc  subject  to  this 
disease,  but  it  is  not  common.  Horses  an<l  mules  are  much  more 
subject  to  it.     It  is  serious,  but  luU  alwaj  s  fatal. 


Si«sa«(ssa:as 


J  :=•'•• 


502  Till-;  I'KACTICAU  .STUCK  DOCTOK 

Cai/sts. — It  arises  from  opttalions  or  wounds  of  any  kind 
ami  in  an\  pari  of  the  Ixxly.  The  cavisc  is  a  «cnn,  or  baclcriuni, 
that  enters  the  system  through  a  wound. 

Sviiiptoms. — The  first  symptom  is  usually  a  stifTness  in  the 
nianiiLT  of  carrying  the  head;  tlie  mu/.zle  is  elevated,  "poked 
out  "  .  ears  are  also  ^.arried  stiffly,  and  moved  little,  if  any.  Tlie 
haw  or  "washer"  is  forced  over  the  eye,  as  thouv;h  theri  were 
some  eye  troul)]e;  animal  walks  stiffly  is  if  the  legs  were  sticks; 
when  tnriu-d,  lK)dy  is  kejit  straight,  as  though  a  log.  Animal>tands 
witli  IcK^i  jiropiied,  and  tail  is  elevated.  Jaws  at  first  are  moved 
stiffly,  and  there  may  In;  grating  and  champing  of  the  teeth,  hut 
if  an  attempt  is  made  to  open  tlie  mouth  wider,  rigidity  will  he 
shown,  .\nimal  will  cat  as  long  as  jaws  arc  not  set;  pulse  at  first 
is  Ii.ird  hut  not  much  changed,  but  later  is  quicker;  urine  and 
dung  are  passed  with  difficulty.  \~-  disea->c  advances,  all  symp- 
toms are  more  pronounced.  Haw  cxIcikK  farther  over  cye^ 
breathing  is  n.ore  rajjid  and  difficult,  jaws  become  more  set  and 
locked,  and  swallowing,  which  was  d'fiKult,  l)ecomes  nearly  or 
quite  impossible.  At  tiuK  -,  and  esix-ciallv  if  anioyed,  the  inten- 
sity of  the  spasm  or  contraction  is  so  great  as  to  amount  to 
parowms. 

Tkk.xtmknt.— 

At  apiK"arance  of  first  symptoms,  if  tin    .ii,::!i  d   is  still  able 

to  swallow,  give  the  following  drench;   gi\e  carelnlly,  as  effort  of 

giving  may  cause  spasms  and  jaws  will  set: 

Kps()!n  Salts 10  ounces. 

Cominoti  Siilt loouiu-es. 

CiiUinit'l  2  (IrarUms. 

I'ulviri/.eil  Gentian I  oiiiue. 

VVunii  water 2  quarts. 

Mix,  ami  fjive  as  one  dose.     Not  to  be  repe.itid. 

Examine  closely  for  wounds  on  every  part  of  the  body. 
Don't  neglect  the  slightest  scratch.  Put  animal  in  a  dark,  quiet 
stall,  away  from  noi.se  and  excitenuTit.  Wash  all  wounds  with 
hot  soap-suds,  so  that  a  nice  clean  sore  is  presented.     Then  use. 

Bichloride  of  Mercury 30  grains. 

Or,  Pure  Carbolic  Acid iJu  ounces. 

Water l  quart. 

Mix. 


DISEASIJS  OF  CATTLlt 


5'^3 


Pour  some  of  this  solution  on  each  wound,  and  sop  it  with  a 
wad  of  cotton  or  a  piece  of  cloth,  so  that  the  wound  Is  well  satu- 
rated with  the  medicine.  Then  wet  a  pad  of  absorbent  cotton 
with  the  solution,  and  bind  on  the  wound.  Repeat  trealniciit 
once  a  day  thoroughly  on  every  scratch  you  can  find,  until  well 
healed.  If  in  the  iool,  cut  away  hoof  to  expose  injury  before 
dressing.  Painful  wounds  of  the  feet  should  l)e  iwulticed  tw  ice 
daily  for  three  or  four  days,  with  Linseed  meal  poullices,  but  at 
each  change  of  ixjultice,  wash  wound  with  solution,  and  when 
tills  is  discontinued,  dress  with  cotton  and  medicine  once  a  dav. 
Feed  regular  food  as  long  as  it  can  l)e  eaten,  and  then  give  sloppy 
feeds  of  bran,  corn  meal  and  small  quantities  of  Linseed  meal, 
(live  cold  water  freely.  Arrange  so  animal  can  get  food  and 
water  with  little  reaching.  The  excitement  of  drenching  do<is 
more  harm  than  medicine  does  good,  so  do  not  attempt  it.  Dis- 
solve I  ounce  of  Bromide  of  Potash  in  every  2  gallons  of  water 
the  patient  will  drink.  Three  times  a  day  inject  into  the  rectum 
the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Belladonna 2  tlrachms. 

Fluid  Extract  of  Cannabis  Indica....     3        " 
Warm  water i  pint. 

I)o  everything  in  a  quiet,  orderly  manner,  and  don't  allow 
visitors  to  see  animal.  Kxcitenient  must  l)e  avoided.  When 
improvement  is  seen,  drop  off  remedies  gradually,  at  first  give 
iwo-thirds,  then  one-half,  finally  stop;  but  at  any  time  return  to 
original  amount  if  unfavorable  symptoms  are  shown. 

LIGHTNING  STROKE— ELECTRIC  SHOCK.- 

U'hen  an  animal  is  struck  by  lightning,  the  shock  is  immediately 
expended  on  the  nervous  system,  and  as  a  rule  death  occurs  at 
once;  but  when  not  fatal,  animation  is  suspended  to  a  jjreater  or 
less  degree. 

Symptoms. — When  not  fatal,  symptoms  vary  according  to 
severity  of  the  shock.  Animal  generally  falls  as  from  an  apoplec- 
lic  attack,  and  symptoms  are  shown  as  in  concussion  of  the  brain. 
Muscular  system  may  be  completely  relaxed;  legs  limber;  muscles 
soft  and  flabby  to  touch,  or  there  may  be  con\-uIsion8,  spasms, 


"^i^*^  j^JhUi.    ■         -.Jk.    .  ..  .i.JUki^'*  J^^  ..^ 


fefi 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    ^HART 

ANSI  aftl   ISO  ItSI    LHARI  No     2 


1.0 


I.I 


IIIM 


III  2.5 
|l|||  2.2 
III  2.0 

III  1-8 


1.25 


1.4 


j=     APPLIED  l^yMGE     Inc 


S'H 


TlIIv  TRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


/i^. 


llfr 


M 


and  twitching  of  the  muscles.  Breathing  is  generally  labored, 
irregular,  or  interrupted,  and  slower  than  normal.  In  most  cases 
the  electric  fluid  leaves  its  mark  by  singeing  the  hair,  or  by 
inflicting  wounds,  burns,  or  blisters. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

So  long  as  the  heart  beats,  efforts  to  restore  ihe  animal  should 
be  .made.  Dash  cold  water  over  the  head  and  body;  rub  the 
lK)dy  and  legs;  smartly  whi]>  the  body  with  wet  towels  or  switches. 
Rub  Mustard  paste  over  the  legs,  back  of  tlu'  head,  and  on  each 
side  of  the  neck-     Inject  into  tlie  rectum  as  follows: 

I,i<luor  Ainiiiiiuia  forlis 1  iliaihiiis 

Warm  water '  liiiarl. 

One  and  one-half  ounces  of  Annnonia  maybe  used  instead  o* 
Liquor  Ammonia,  if  former  is  not  to  be  had.  Cautiously,  and 
not  too  suddeMdy,  hold  an  uncorked  bottle  of  Ammonia  to  tlie 
nostrils  to  be  iidialed.  In  desperate  cases,  artificial  respiration 
should  l)e  tried.  With  both  hands  spread  out,  press  down  alter- 
nately on  abdomen  behind  ribs,  and  on  chest  back  of  shoulder,  in 
res^ular  order,  so  that  chest  and  abdomen  are  pressed  on  alternately 
about  twenty  times  a  minute.  Press  slow  and  steady,  imitating 
the  motions  of  breathing.  To  aid  in  work,  a  haud-bellov.'s  ma> 
be  used  each  time  after  chest  is  pressed  on,  by  inserting  the  nuz 
zle  into  the  nostril  and  gently  forcing  in  air.  Wlien  animal  is 
revived  enough  to  be  able  to  swallow,  give  the  Ammonia  remedy 
above,  as  a  drench,  and  repeat  the  dose  in  an  hour.  Be  careful 
in  drenching  not  to  strangle  animal. 

Where  shock  does  not  produce  insensil)iliiy,  sive  the  Am- 
monia and  water  remedy  at  once  as  a  drench,  or  instead: 

Brandy,  4  ounces;  or  Whiskiv S  ounces. 

Water '  <l"^''t. 

These  doses  may  be  repeated  ever\-  three  or  four  hours  if 
necessary.  When  serious  symptoms  are  gone,  give  vSulphate  of 
Quinine  in  2-drachm  doses  twice  a  day  imtil  well.  If  any  paraly- 
sis remains,  give  1 14  drachms  of  pulverized  Nux  Vomica  wilb 
the  Quinine.  Burns  or  blisters  should  be  treated  with  antisep- 
ses as  in  treatiuij  wounds.  Treatment  applies  to  electric  shock 
iu  every  form. 


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"^»».. 

Diseases  of  Cattle 


FIG     2 
CONTAGIOUS   PLEURO-PNEUMONM 

^;  t'fnrnnrc  of  a  row'-  Inner  .'ifi'i  ct'  ^I  w  ■'  'i  Coim  ■'■-■■■;'-  I  'Irnv'-r.M  n--'  ."in  uVim  ■^'  •  ■■  i"s 
'.     'Im-  air  pi;i.!f  oi  it   ;n!ii  cm   -nif.ict>  t-Xcitn'i'L-i.      I'li^.   1. —  Ti  ,.ii-\  <  ■ -,■   -<<.ti..ii  r;    i:^ii 

I'  '  I  !t-i[I  I.-lMi-ii'.J  \"\n-  :■:  .1  C.I  M-  Ml  .L,  11!  I-  I '.i 'II  •  '  ■■  I 'm  lin  ■  ^i  ;  ,i.  (  ))  .\\-  \[i'h  c  HI  ..'.'. /W 1  \  ; 
'  ,■'  I  ,-n-  iv'-c  <-■■»  .rrl!\  ;!r-.i---,  i  >  ri'ir'it-  '  'U  ;m-m--.;  ',1  t.i!!jr  \i--il,  _  I'l-,  "J — 
I  ,1-  -\ .  1  -,-  -,  ,-!  ■-  ■  I  .  -■  t  ■  -  pM'  .  :■  i!  !•  .1,,  i'  :)'!-■  ■  -f  .icii »  I'l'-n-  ■  >.  rnM;;;,uniu,  iUu-t  ■  atiii^ 
''ic  (liritrmt   kiiiiU   nf   l;i  i.;iti/.tti«^u   or  Cuii-oljil  iiion    -*f   t!ic   huiij. 


M 


DISEASI'S  OF  CATTLE 


505 


CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


CONTAGIOUS  ABORTION.— In  some  regions,  this  is 
one  of  the  most  serious  diseases  that  stockmen  have  to  contend 
with,  and  when  once  established,  it  is  diflicnU  to  eradicate. 

Causes.— ThQ  cause  of  this  disease  is  thought  to  be  a  genu, 
or  a  number  of  kinds  of  germs.  Ii  is  transmitted  from  a  cow 
that  has  aborted  by  the  discharges  from  the  vagina,  or  by  the 
fiLti.s,  or  its  mend.ranes.  It  is  also  thought  probable-  that  a  bull 
that  has  setved  a  cow  that  has  aborted,  may  conununicate  the 
disease  to  other  cows. 

Sri>!/'/o»/s. -Cows  may  abort  at  any  stage  of  pregnancy,  but 
tuost  commonly  after  the  fourth  month;  if  at  an  earlier  jx^riod, 
there  are  few  svmptoms.  There  may  be  a  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  vagina,  and  the  vulva  may  be  slightly  swollen;  small 
yellow  ulcers  may  sometimes  be  seen  on  examination,  in  the 
'iKv.ibrane  lining  the  vagina.  At  a  later  period  the  signs  are 
those  of  approaching  parturition— there  may  be  a  rojie  of  mucus 
hanging  from  vulva,  milk  secretion  may  start,  and  the  cow  be 
"down  in  her  hips."  The  finding  of  the  fa-tus  and  envelopes, 
or  the  hanging  of  the  envelopes  from  the  vulva,  is  a  sure  indica- 
tion that  the  accident  has  occurred.  It  is  impossible  to  tell 
whether  an  abortion  is  of  a  contagious  nature,  or  from  other 
causes,  and  so  it  is  safest  to  treat  each  case  as  if  contagious  If 
a  nundier  of  animals  abort,  it  indicates  a  cotitagious  condition. 

Tkkatmicnt.— 

When  a  cow  has  aborted,  or  shows  signs  of  aborting,  she 
shoidd  at  once  be  isolated  from  other  cows,  and  the  place  where 
she  stood  be  thoroughly  disinfected  by  a  5  per  cent,  solution  of 
Carbolic  .\cid,  or  a  i  to  1000  solution  of  Corrosive  Sublimate- 
about  I  dracl  in  dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  water  is  a  rough  propor- 
tion—after the  stall  has  been  scraped  and  all  loose  litter  burned. 
After  using  the  antiseptic,  give  the  stall  a  good  coating  of  white- 
wash. Burn  or  bury  deeply  the  aborted  calf  and  meudjranes, 
and  flush  out  the  vagina  and  uterus  with  a  Lysol  solution,  using 


m 


u  jg 


v:.i 


506  THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

2  drachms  of  Lysol  to  each  quart  of  water;  2  drachms  or  Carbolic 
Acid  call  be  used  in  place  of  the  Lysol,  but  the  Lysol  is  bettff. 
The  tail  and  hinder  parts  should  also  be  washed  with  a  3  per 
cent,  solution.  Continue  treatment  of  vagina  and  womb  as  low^ 
as  discharge  is  observed,  and  the  adjoining  parts  wash  daily  for 
ten  days  longer.  A  cow  that  has  alx)rted  should  not  be  bred  for 
sometime  after  all  discharges  have  ceased.  If  the  discharges 
continue,  or  any  other  indications  of  leucorrhea,  treat  as  for  that 
disease.  Two  days  before  breeding,  wash  out  the  vagina  with 
the  Ly.sol  solution.  Sometimes  a  cow  becomes  barren  after  an 
atortion.  Cleanliness,  i.solation  of  infected  cows,  the  free  use  of 
antiseptics,  and  precautions  against  breeding  to  infected  bulls, 
are  the  best  means  of  combating  this  disea.se.  If  these  are  per- 
sistently carried  out  the  disease  will  finally  disappear. 

As  preventive  remedies,  Sulphite,  or  Hyposulphite  of  Soda, 
in  I -ounce  doses,  twice  or  thrice  a  week,  maybe  of  value.  A 
mixture  as  follo"<s  seems  to  give  gCKxl  results: 

ny[X)sulphite  of  ScHla i  pound. 

S\ill)luir I 

Coimnousall 10  iKiumk. 

Mi.v.  and  give  a  handful  to  each  pregnant 
cow  two  or  three  times  a  week. 

In  addition,  keep  cows  in  fair  flesh  and  in  a  good,  vigorous 
condition. 

As  the  bull  may  be  the  means  of  spreading  the  disease, 
precautions  should  be  taken  to  see  that  a  bull  does  not  cover  a 
cow  which  has  atorted,  until  after  she  has  been  carefully  treated, 
and  even  then  it  would  l)e  best  to  disinfect  the  bull  after  covering 
her.  He  should  also  be  disinfected  after  covering  any  suspicious 
cows.  To  disinfect  the  bull,  pass  a  piece  of  rubber  tubing  into 
the  sheath  and  hold  the  end  of  the  sheath  tight  around  it,  elevate 
the  other  end  of  the  tube,  put  a  funnel  in  it,  and  ixiur  the  disin- 
fecting solution  into  funnel;  use  the  same  solution  as  for  flushing 
out  the  womb  of  tl:e  cow.  The  funnel  should  be  luld  as  high  as 
the  back.  Hold  the  solution  in  the  sheath  for  a  few  minutes  after 
it  fills.     Repeat  every  second  day  for  a  number  of  days. 

If  a  cow  aborts  and  there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  it 
migiil   i>c  <jf  a  coiilagiiiii.-i  aaturo,  all   the  pregnant  cows  should 


-MM^iAK 


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■v!m 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


III 


1 1 


§ 


-  r-    o 


■■'>->■ 


DISKASES  Ol'  CATTLE 


SC'? 


have  Uicir  vulvas,  ami  back  part  i.f  hips  ntul  tails  washed  off  onw  a 
day.  for  u  few  days,  with  a  ;,  p.r  cent.  Carl olic  Acid  solution, 
Ml  uic  I  lo  locHj  C,,;rG:-iv-.  Sublimate  >olali(ju. 

While,  perhaps,  contagious  alwrliuu  is  iimrc  often  seen 
.'HUonK'  cows  than  other  animals,  it  may  affect  an>  of  the  animals; 
It  not  iutre.iuenth  attacks  mares  where  quite  a  lar^e  number  are 
kept  for  breeding.  The  .same  Reneral  treatment  shoidd  be  given 
to  all. 

CONTAGIOUS    PLEURO-PNEUMONIA.  -  This  is 

o:ie  of  the  mo.-t  fatal  and  conta},Mous  diseases  lo  which  cattle  are 
subject.  As  the  name  indicates,  it  is  an  inflammation  oi  the  lungs 
and  the  pleura,  or  covering.  It  was  brought  into  this  country 
from  I'.uroix.',  where  it  has  caused  heavy  losses  tc  the  cattle 
industry.  Through  the  efforts  of  the  Bureau  of  Aiu'mal  Industry, 
the  disease  has  been  stami)ed  out  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
only  danger  now  lies  in  cattle  brought  in  from  other  lands,  but 
with  our  well-estal)lished  and  carefuily  carried  out  quarantine 
regulations  this  will  probably  not  occur. 

Caitses.—On  the  American  continent,  at  least,  it  ari.ses  from 
contagion  by  coming  in  contact,  <jr  being  near,  an  animal  that 
has,  or  has  had,  the  di.sease  within  a  year.  The  e.xact  nature  of 
the  virus  of  contagion  has  not  been  determined.  The  time  after 
exi)osure  before  the  disease  appears,  is  generally  from  three  to  six 
vveeks,  but  may  be  three  months. 

Syiii/'foius.—'thc  first  symptom  is  a  rise  in  temperature  to 
103  to  106  degrees,  which  clinical  thermometer  in  rectum  will 
indicate;  there  will  be  loss  of  appetite;  a  staring  coat;  slight 
shiverings;  a  hard,  dry  cough;  loss  of  milk;  scanty  urine,  which 
is  dark  colored.  Followir.g  this  will  be  tenderness  on  pres.sure 
between  the  ril)s  over  the  lungs;  cough  will  increase:  breathing 
<iuicken;  nose  will  extend;  back  will  be  arched;  hind  legs  will  be 
drawn  under  the  body,  and  the  elbows  turned  out.  Later  there 
\vill  be  a  watery  and  more  pronoiuiced  discharge  from  the  nose 
and  eyes;  obstinate  constipation,  or  a  watery,  fetid  diarrhea;  a 
rapid  weakening  of  the  system,  ending  in  death.  In  early  stages 
pereUs.siou  uvci    the  lungs  brings  back  a  dear,  resonant  sotind; 


it 


i  iij 
t 


^m 


i 

i 


508 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  MOCTOR 


later  it  will  be  dull  and  heavy.  Also  in  rir>t  stagc-s,  oti  listening, 
'.here  will  be  a  dry,  crackling  sound;  later  it  will  be  dull  and 
heavy. 

In  America  the  disease  is  aj't  to  be  more  severe  during  warm 
weather.  Yet  the  slow,  sul)  acute  cases  are  just  as  capable  of 
spreading  the  disease,  hence  watchfulness  nuist  be  c.Kcrcised. 

Tkkat.mknt. — 

Perhaps  one-half  tile  alTccted  animals  will  recover,  but  treat- 
ment does  not  seem  to  a.s.sist,  and  fnjni  the  fact  that  the  disease 
spreads  so  readily,  medical  treatment  should  not  be  attenipled. 
Prevention  consists  in  keepini;  animals  so  they  will  not  be  e.xix)s«.(i 
io  contagion.  When  this  plague  exists  in  a  locality,  the  owner 
of  healthy  animals  should  keep  his  stock  from  coming  near  those 
alTected,  and  frt)m  those  exiK)se<l.  Persons  who  ha%e  lx.'en  on 
infected  premi.ses  should  not  be  allowed  to  visit  ])remises  where 
there  is  healthy  stock.  When  pleuro-pneunionia  breaks  out  in 
_  a  herd,  every  animal  in  that  herd  should  be  slaughtered  and 
buried  deep,  the  stables  cleaned  and  thoroughly  disinfected, 
and  no  other  cattle  allowed  on  premises  for  90  days.  When 
Mseas  has  broken  out,  the  matter  should  be  put  into  the  hands 
of  gf\  ernment  inspectors  api)ointed  for  that  jmrpose,  and  they 
will  devise  means  for  stamping  it  out.  As  has  been  said,  the 
disease  does  not  exist  in  the  United  States  at  the  present,  it 
having  been  stamped  out  some  twelve  years  ago  at  great  expense. 
The  foregoing  is  simply  given  that  stockmen  may  hav--  a  little 
idea  of  its  nature. 

TEXAS  FEV£i^— SPANISH  OR  SPLENIC  FEVER 
—SOUTHERN  CATTLE  FEVER.— In  Australia  this  dis- 
ease is  called  "  lick  fever,"  and  in  other  sections,  owing  to  cc.l,^- 
of  urine,  it  is  called  "  redwater."  Cattle  coming  from  the  region 
south  of  central  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  and  east  of  centra' 
Indian  Territory  anil  T^  \as,  and  from  lower  California,  come 
from  a  jK-rmanently  infLxicd  territory,  and  have  the  parasites  of 
Texas  fever  in  their  blood;  but  they  do  not  suffer  from  it,  as 
they  pos.sess  immunity,  contracted  when  small  calves. 

Causes.— W.  is  caused  by  a  microscopic  parasite,  which  attack? 
and  destroys  the  red  blood  coipuscles,  and  is  transmitted  froti) 


DISKASKS  ()!•  CATl'IJ'; 


5*^) 


MnithLTii   cattk'   to  susceptible  n<>rthcrii  ones,   l.y  imaiis  of    the 
^niithcrn  c.iitle  tick.      Wlicn  sotilliLrn  cattle,  from  tick  infeste<l 
districts,  are   1iroiit;Iit   iiorlli   .luriiVs'   warm   weather,  the  mature 
fi  male  ticks  drop  from  their   ho.lies  ami   lay  a  K'reat  mimher  of 
'URs,  that   hatcli  in  fn>m  two  to  six  weeks,  deiK-niling   iiix)n   the 
■.veather.      The  youn^'  ticks  are  active,  and  show  a  tendency  to 
rliml),  and  when  northern  cattle  pass  over  the  Rronnd,  the  yonng 
ticks  i;.  t  on  their  Icks,  crawl  up  to  their  bodies,  and  stion  bury 
Ihiir  month  p-irt-  in  the  skin  of  tlie  belly,  or  itiMde  of  thighs.    In 
thi>    way    tlie  disease  is  transmitted.      In  about   ten  days  after 
young  ticks  are  est.ibli^he<l  on  susceptible  cattle,  they  begin  to 
show  sympt<mis  of  disease.    (Ordinarily  thirty  to  forty  days  elapse 
.ifter    southern    cattle    pass   over  aii<l  infect    the   grof.nd,  lx:fore 
northern  cattle  show  signs  of  the  alTeclion.tliough  it  may  be  longer, 
deiK-ndiug   on    tlie   leiigtli   of   time   it    takes   the  eggs  to  hatch. 
When  susceptible  northern  cattle  are  taken  into  infected  southern 
liuids,  the  symptoms  of  the  fever  usually  appear   in  from   ten  to 
lifteeii  days,  as  the  young  ticks  are  all   ready   to   get  on  them  at 
once.     The  litter  cleaned  from  cars  ni   which  .southern  cattle  are 
-iiipped,  may  be  a  means  of  contagion  to  cattle  running  at  large. 
Cases  from  this  method  of  contagion  have  been  called  "town-cow 
disease,"    as  cows  running   at   large   in   towns,  where  southern 
cattle  are  fed  during  shipment,  or  cars  .ire  cleaned,  contract  the 
disease  in  this  way. 

Si>iip/o»is. —rhcrc  is  a  loss  of  appetite,  and  suspended  rumi- 
nation, but,  though  unobserved,  these  symptoms  are  preceded  by 
,1  high  fever,  105  to  mS  !•".  Animal  keeps  by  itself.  As  disea.se 
.idvances,  there  is  gr.at  we.ikness,  with  trembling  and  .lifTiculty 
in  getting  up;  the  head  dnxips;  the  ears  lop;  the  flanks  ate 
"tucked  up;"  usually  constipation,  though  there  may  be 
diarrhea,  which  latter  is  regarded  as  a  favorable  symptom;  loss 
of  milk  in  milch  cows;  urine,  toward  the  last,  is  a  dark  cherry-red 
^n  color,  and  this  may  be  considered  a  marked  symptom  of  the 
■Urease.  Young  ticks  will  be  found  on  belly,  inside  of  thighs, 
and  on  the  fore  legs  and  brisket.  They  are  minute,  and  a  close 
examination  is  often  necessary  to  reveal  them.  The  disease 
develops  before  the  ticks  reach  maturity.  In  after-death  exami- 
nation, the  blocxl  is  found  to  be  thin,  and  does  not  clot  readily; 


ft*"    ^^1  '-   * 


i  t 


li 


5'" 


Till'.  I'kACTlCAI,  STOCK   DOCTOR 


the  Kall-l.lailiUi  is  .lisliiulod,  will)  a  il. irk.  tliiik,  ^;raiiular  bile. 
Splftii  is  ^rt-ally  ciihiruul,  and  of  u  tairy  (oiisi-li-iifv,  liciicc  the 
iiatiK-,  "spkiiic  ffVLr.'  Tlu'  liver  is  al>^>  ctilarj^cil.  ami  is  yd- 
li>uir  ill  oijiir  than  iionnal;  isjKci.ilK  is  tlli-^  iiutictd  when  it  is 
tilt  (iiK-ii.  The  ki(liK\s  .irc.  also,  uiori;  or  less  con^;esteil,  ami  the 
mine  in  the  hUuUier  of  a  red  color. 

Tki;  \TM1-.NT.— 

.\s  soon  as  the  diseiLsc  ap|)tars,  all  well  animaK  .should  1)C 
renio\ed  from  the  tiek-infested  Kronnd  and  the  tieks  if  any, 
which  are  on  thein,  .should  be  removed.  The  sieU  should  also  be 
removed  to  tuk-free  (jnarters  and  ticks  removed  from  them;  this 
can  Ixj  done  b\  picking  olT  many,  and  1>\  applying  sointthing  to 
•lestroy  those  remaining.  Cotton-seed  -il  applied  with  a  paint 
brush  will  destroy  any  that  may  have  been  overliM)ked,  or  a 
tliorungh  application  of  any  of  the  ilipping  ])reparations  will 
destroy  them.  Place  the  animal  in  comfortable  (piarters  and 
give  nonrishing  iood  and  plenty  of  fresh  water.  It  is  a  gixxi 
practice  at  the  outset  to  give  a  dose  of  ]-;p:^>m  Salts  -from  i  to  ;  Vj 
jKHinds,  along  with  3  or  4  ounces  of  (linger  dissolved  in  j  (piarts 
of  water.  This  helps  to  get  rid  of  some  of  the  waste  pro<lncts, 
which  are  very  numerous.  Also  give  Ouinine  liberally— from 
1  to  .'drachm  doses  every  two  to  four  hours  as  long  as  the 
fever  teni.iins  high.  To  give  the  Ouinin.-,  dissolve  in  !..  pint  of 
water  to  which  lotlrops  Sulphuric  .\cid  has  been  added.  If  there 
is  great  weakness,  give  2  to  -jounces  of  Alcohol  in  '_•  jiint  of 
water,  three  of  fiiur  time;',  a  day.  Good  nursing  counts  for  much; 
if  animal  will  not  eat,  drench,  three  or  four  times  a  day  with  a 
cpiart  or  two  of  milk,  and  the  same  amount  of  Linseed  meal 
gruel  to  which  3  or  4  tablesiwonfuls  of  Blood  I'lour  have  been 
added.  Ivggs  are  also  good  to  give  in  the  milk  or  gruel.  While 
the  treatment  will,  without  doubt,  fail  vvith  the  severe  attacks, 
it  will  help  tide  over  milder  cases,  which  might  otherwise 
succumb. 

Strict  (iuarantine  regulations  prevent  the  shipment  of  .south- 
ern cattle  north,  except  for  slaughter,  and  then  with  certain 
restrictions  (from  February  15  to  December  i),  so  that  now  there 
is  little  danger  of  this  disease,  except  near  the  quarantine  line  or 


DISKASICS  Ol-'  CATTI.H 


5«« 


;il()ti^;  the  lines  of  railroad  over  which  southern  lat tic  are  >liiiii)i'.l 
I')  m.iikct.  Tick-free  districts  south  of  the  <|uarantiue  line  arc 
,  Iso  liable  to  the  disease  if  cattle  li.iviuK  ticks  on  them  are  intro- 
iluced.  Cattle  which  have  liteu  kept  free  from  ticks  arc  also 
suhjec-t  to  the  disease  if  put  into  tirk-inf.-slcd  pastures.  Cattle 
in  the  tick-infesteil  territory  acquire  inuniuiity  hy  IwcomiuR 
mil  steil  with  ticks  when  small  calvis,  and  having;  a  mild  form  of 
the  disease. 

Inuiuuiity  can  lie  pnxluced  by  vaccination;  this  consists  iu 
iiijectinji;  a  little  of  the  blood  i  Ji  to  i  drachm;  from  an  animal 
which  has  ticks  on  her,  or  has  recently  had  them,  into  the  animal 
to  be  rendered  immune.  The  vacciiuited  animal  has  tlie  disea.se 
m  a  mild  form  and  recovers,  and  is  then  \aceinated  a^ain  the 
second  time  with  a  larger  amount  of  the  blo<xl,  and  after  the 
second  attack,  if  she  contracts  it,  she  can  l>e  placed  in  tick- 
infestetl  pastures  with  s;ifety.  I.ate  fall  or  winter  is  the  best 
time  to  vaccinate;  young  atiimals  aapiire  inunr.nity  more  readily 
than  old. 

Cold  weather  kdh;  the  ticks,  so  the  di.sease  is  not  carried 
north  during  winter,  and  there  .ire  no  resiriclioiis  with  regard 
to  ship[)ing  cattle  north  from  December  i  to  February  15.  Cattle 
from  which  ticks  are  removed  liefore  shipping,  will  not  .spread 
(he  disease.  Dipping  is  resorted  to  to  remove  the  ticks,  but  is 
not  as  \ct  entirely  satisfactory,  as  some  of  the  ticks  withstand 
the  dipping. 

CONT^VGIOUS  ECZEMA  -FOOT  AND  MOUTH 
DISEASE. — This  disease  is  also  know.i  as  "  epizootic  aphtha," 
".iphthous  fever"  and  "eczema  epizootica,"  and  is  an  acute,  highly 
:onlagious  fever  of  a  specific  nature,  marked  by  blisters  in  the 
mcuth,  around  the  coronet  of  the  foot,  and  betweeti  the  toes. 
It  attacks  cattle  principally,  but  may  alsol)e  transmitted  to  sheep, 
goats,  pigs,  and  other  domestic  animals.  Man  may  contract  the 
di.sease  from  infected  animals.  It  is  generally  considered  a  germ 
disease,  though  the  specific  organism  has  not  Ijeen  discovered. 
The  disease  has  prevailed  many  ye  rs  in  EuroiJe,  and  great  loss 
has  followed  its  ravages,  some  sections  being  rarely  free  from  it, 
while  in  other  parts  it  appears  at  irregular  inter\'als.     One  attack 


1 

ii! 


^!SM^.J^i&SgS^i;^^^ii^^ 


i#fWtt 


^ ,  _,  Til  I-   rRACnCAL  STOCK  DOCTOR^ 

dee.  not  conkr  imi.mnily.  In  this  country  it  is  a  new  disease, 
the' first  hein«  .liscovered  in  the  early  fall  of  190..  ni  the  New 
iMKdand  states,  where  it  was  cnnfined  and  stamped  out  by  n.i;id 
n'luuantine  restrictions,  prescnhed  hy  the  ^;eneral  goverMnient 
a'ulllK-  different  states.  At  present  the  disease  does  not  ex.st 
in  the  United  States,  and  our  quarantine  reRulatK.ns  wdl  probably 
prevent  its  ever  j;ettins  a  foothold.  The  disease  varies  ni 
viruletK-e.  In  .nnie  outbreak^  it  i>nn::h  nu.re  severe  than  ui 
others  As  a  rule  the  mortaliiy  is  very  low,  the  sreatest  loss 
arisiuKfrom  fallins;  olT  in  llesh  and  milk,  and  the  j;eneral  deterior- 
ation resulting  from  disease,  an.l  the  restriction,  u.  live-stock 
trade. 

(;,/..o  -  A-^  above  stated,  is  believed  to  be  <lne  to  a  specific 
cnrm  Is  transmitted  by  direct  contact,  an.l  ihrotii;!.  the  medium 
of  infecte<l  food,  liltei,  wderinn  places,  stables,  cars,  and  attend- 
ants ?os.il,lv  conta^Mon  may  be  carried  a  short  distance  m  the 
air  The  milV  <,f  an  .-ffected  animal  is  hishly  contasunis.  The 
Unie  for  .leNek.pment  of  disease  varie..  but  is  short-froni  two  to 
twenty  days;   usually  in  three  or  b.ur  days. 

V,.///./.v,7.       l-suallv   begins  with    ,.   chill,   which    may    pass 
nnnotice.!.     The  animal  keeps   by  it-ell;    ba<  k    is    arched;    liair 
starinu:  flanks  tucke.l  up;  and  there  is  slnveriuK  or  tw.tcliniR  o 
the  ntuscles.      Atdmal  n.oves  with  reluctance,  and  w.th  marked 
lameness;  a  thick,  vellowish  secretion  comes   m  inner  corner  ot 
,ve  an.l  about  edi;es  of  nostril;  temperat.ue  of  animal  rises  from 
two  to  five   debtees    b.;    pul -e  is  accelerat.-d.      Blisters  form  in 
month,  about  the  b  et,  and  on  n>lder,  varying'  i-'  stze  from  a  pea 
to  I    ^  vccnt  piece,  and  are  fdk.l  with,  a  watery  lluid.     They  soon 
hurst,  leavitt^  raw  surfaces,  and  shreds  of  tissue  hangniR  a.oul 
cd-es      In    the    mouth    the   blislers  form  on    the  lips,    tons^ue, 
cheeks,  and  pad  ot  upper  jaw.     The  animal  champs  with  a  smack- 
ing   noi.se,   and    there   is   a   profuse    slaverins   from   the   mouth. 
Saliva   at   first  is  tiormal,  but  later   becomes   thick    and   ropy 
Mouth  is  often  so  sore  that  animal  cannot  eat  sohd  foocl.     The 
i, listers  .al^ut  the  feet  are  on  the  coronet,  and  between  the  tce^ 
and  often  cause  severe  lamenes.     One  or  all  the  feet  may  be 
^fYccted,     Wh.en    blisters   burst,    raw,    angry   sores    result.     ID 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLK 5i3 

severe,  untreated  cases,  the  hoof  may  be  shed,  or  ulceration  may 
hnolve  the  greater  part  of  the  soft  structures  of  the  twt. 
Ftieumonia  may  also  result  as  a  complication,  from  inflammation 
extending  from  the  niuuth. 

TuK.\rMKNT. — 

The  disease  tends  towards  recovery  without  treatm  mt,  but 
•  reatment  assists.  i:iicomplicaled  cases  practically  all  recover. 
Flu.sli  out  the  mouth  with  astringent  and  antiseptic  lotions. 
'  Use  a  lotion  of  Alum  or  Boracic  Acid— an  ounce  to  a  pint  of 
water;  and  also  a  lotion  of  Carbolic  Acid,  2  drachms,  to  a  pint  of 
water!  Alternate  the  lotions,  using  each  twice  a  day,  syringing 
into  the  mouth  freely,  letting  the  animal  spit  it  out.  Treat  the 
feet  as  for  "Foul,"  using  the  antiseptic  lotion— Carbolic  Acid 
I  ounce,  to  a  quart  of  water,  and  also  White  Lotion  (see  Pre- 
..CKiPTioNS,  in  back  of  book).  Use  lotions  freely.  In  caseswhere 
Tever  is  higb,  give  fever  mixture,  as  the  following: 

Fluid  Extract  of  Bcll.iilunna i  ounce. 

Flui.l  Extract  of  Aconite i'A  drachmi.. 

Saltpeter 3  ounce*. 

Water  to  make I  pint. 

Shake.  Dosf:  2  ounces,  three  or  four  times  a 
day. 

It  is  <tlso  good  to  give  ^-pound  doses  of   Epsom  Salts  every 

other  day. 

In  order  to  stamp  out  the  disease  with  the  recent  outbreak, 
ail  diseased  and  exposed  animals  were  killed.  As  the  disease 
rloes  not  now  exist  in  this  country,  this  discussion  is  given  sunply 
for  general  information. 

ANTHRAX— CHARBON.— This  is  a  malignant,  infec- 
tious disease,  attacking  all  animals,  and  even  man,  when  infected 
from  animals.  In  some  parts  of  the  west,  and  much  more  so  m 
the  south,  it  causes  great  losses  in  cattle,  sheep,  and  mules. 
Severe  losses  result  from  it  in  some  parts  of  the  old  world.  It  is 
most  common  near  tanneries,  the  infection  being  brought  m  with 
the  hides;  or  in  localities  where  the  disease  has  existed  before, 
■■jA  the  virus  still  remains;  or  where  it  baa  been  scattered  from 


4 
'i 


iii 


<     « 


514 


TIIIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


.*  II 


=  5^: 


iiil 


iiifccled  localities,  either  by  diseased  animals,  or  cotilan'inated 
iiialerials,  that  may  be  carried  by  dogs  or  other  animals,  or 
washed  by  streams. 

G?r5f.— Anthrax  is  caused  by  the  anthrax  Ijacillus,  a  slender 
rod-shajed  germ  that  can  be  easily  fomid  1)\-  a  microscopical 
examination  of  the  blood  or  tissues  of  a  diseased  animal,  by  mak- 
ing cultures,  or  by  inoculating  a  small  animal. 

S}'»//>foiits.— The  symptoms  of  the  disease  vary  greatly.  In 
some  cases  there  are  no  premonitory  symptoms,  the  animal  being 
found  dead  in  the  morning.  This  is  often  called  the  "apoplectic" 
form,  seen  at  the  beginning  of  an  outbreak.  Other  cases  show 
high  fever,  weakened,  accelerated  pu!=c,  with  discharges  of  bloody 
nnicus  from  the  bowels  and  other  natural  openings  of  the  body. 
Mucous  membranes  are  of  a  bUiish  color,  and  there  is  great  weak- 
ness and  prostration,  as  is  shown  by  the  trembling  of  the  muscles. 
Toward  the  last,  the  animal  may  be  too  weak  to  get  up,  but  will 
lie  convulsively  kicking,  pawing  and  champing  the  jaws.  iXatli 
generally  occurs  in  two  or  three  dajs,  although  sub-acute  cases 
may  run  longer,  and  a  few  cases  may  recover.  Dropsical  swel- 
lings frequently  appear  on  the  Ixxly;  also  tumors,  called  car 
buncles,  which  at  first  are  hot,  tender  swellings,  but  later  becf)me 
cold  and  painless,  as  the  result  of  mortification.  After-death 
examinations  show  bloody  spots  in  the  nuiscles  and  on  internal 
organs;  the  spleen  is  greatly  enlarged,  the  interior  being  very 
dark  and  thick:  the  blood  is  dark,  thick  and  tarry  in  appearance, 
an<l  does  not  clot  readily;  the  veins  arc  distended  with  dark 
blcx)d,  and  there  are  bhxxiy  fluids  escaping  from  the  openings  of 
the  body.  After  deatli,  the  animal  bloats  badly  and  dccomjxjsi- 
tion  takes  place  rapidly. 

While  the  foregoing  are  characteristic  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease, a  certain  diagnosis  is  made  by  having  the  llood  and  tissues 
examined  by  a  bacteriologist  for  the  germ  which  causes  it. 

As  the  disease  is  communicated  to  man,  great  care  must  be 
exercised  in  post-mortems,  or  in  handling  animals  dying  of  the 
disease;  the  skin  should  never  be  removed.  Unless  necessary  to 
7K)st-mortem,  to  determine  the  nature  of  the  disease,  the  dead 
bcxiy  shoula  be  disposed  of  intact,  with  as  little  flow  of   blood  or 


DISl'.ASI'S  <  -.    CATTIJ'. 


.S'5 


discharges  a^  jjo^sihle,  as  these  contain  the  germs  in  pireat  nnni- 
I'ers.  The  body  shunld  he  Imrned,  or  buried  deeply,  covering  it 
with  lime.  This  best  be  done  where  it  dies,  if  possible;  if  imjxjs- 
■  ible,  move  carefully,  so  as  to  spread  the  infection  as  little  as 
possible,  and  disinfect  place  where  animal  died,  thoroughly,  by 
^^oaking  with  strong  disinfectants  and  covering  with  lime.  After 
ihe  germs  escaix-  from  the  body,  they  take  on  a  form  which  will 
retain  its  vitality  for  >ears  under  favorable  conditions,  hence  dis- 
infection cannot  be  too  thorough.  Pastures  becoming  once 
infected,  retain  the  infection  for  a  long  time.  I<ow,  damp,  blm  k 
-oils  remain  infected  much  longer  than  higher,  dryer  soils. 
Animal  become  infested  by  the  germs  entering  through  wounds 
or  with  feed  or  water. 

In  man,  the  disease  is  often  called  "  Malignant  Pustule," 
because  it  appears  as  a  sore  which  is  hard  to  cure;  also  known  as 
"Wool-Sorters"  disease,  by  being  contracted  by  jK-ople  handling 
wool  and  hides  from  animals  dying  of  the  disease. 

Tk)':.\tmknt. — 

Medicinal  treatment  is  of  little  tise;  in  the  milder  attacks,  the 
treritment  as  reconnneuded  for  "Te.xas  Fever"  might  help  to  tide 
I  he  animal  over,  but  the  important  thing  is  prevention.  If  it 
should  break  out,  remove  all  animals  at  once  to  high,  dry  pas- 
tilles, and  keep  all  animals  away  from  where  the  sick  die  or  are 
dis}x)sed  of.  A  very  effectual  preventive  is  vaccination,  and  all 
animals  in  districts  where  the  disease  is  apt  to  occur  should  Ix; 
viiccinated.  This  is  much  like  vaccinating  against  .small-jK)x. 
The  animal  is  vaccinated  with  material  containing  the  germs  in  a 
\cry  much  weakened  form,  and  contracts  a  very  mild  form  of  the 
tlisease.  In  alwut  two  weeks  it  is  vaccinated  a  second  time, 
using  a  stronger  vaccine,  and  this  produces  immunity.  The 
vaccine  is  manufactured  by  different  finns,  and  is  gis'en  by  inject- 
ing the  required  dose  underneath  the  skin  with  a  hypodeimic 
^yringe.  When  this  disease  breaks  out,  a  veterinarian  should 
•supervise  the  care  of  the  sfcfe,  the  disposal  or  the  dead,  the  dis- 
nifection,  and  the  vaccination. 


■ti 


t-     \% 


01     I 


5'6 


THI-  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


BLACK-LEG-BLACK    QUARTER-QUARTER 

ILL.— This  iri  a  rapidly  fatal  infectious  disease  of  young  cattle, 
roni  six  months  to  four  years  of  age  (rarely  after  three  years  ot 
a;;e^  associated  with  external  swellings,  which  emit  a  crackling 
sound  when  liandled,  and  an  offensive  odor  when  cut  into; 
formerh-  regarded  as  a  form  of  anthrax,  Init  investigations  have 
proved  that  it  is  a  specific  disease,  produced  by  a  germ  quite 
different  from  that  of  anthrax.  The  disease  is  spread  over  quite 
a  large  part  of  the  west,  and  some  parts  of  the  east  and  south. 

Caiiic.—^y  a  germ  that  the  cattle  get  through  wounds  at 
pasture,  or  in  food  or  drinking  water.  This  germ  will  resist 
destructive  agents  for  a  considerable  length  of  time,  and  may 
produce  disease  when  inoculated,  after  several  years  of  drying. 
Some  regard  ni  .ist,  undrained,  and  swampy  pastures  as  favorable 
to  this  trouble,  but  in  high,  dry  prairies  of  the  west  it  is  quite  as 
conunon  as  <.n  louer  lands.  It  is  also  thought  that  the  disease 
germ  does  n..lbelo!-.g  naturally  within  the  animal  body,  as  it  will 
develop  outside  the  body,  but  being  taken  into  the  body  of  young 
animals,  it  finds  conditions  favorable  and  disease  is  produced. 
It  sometimes  breaks  out  in  new  localities  where  the  disease  has 
not  been  kno\vu  l.efore,  the  germs  having  been  introduced  m 
some  manner.  Infected  localities  are  quite  well  known  and  there 
is  \M  great  tendency  for  the  infection  to  spread  any  great  dis- 
tance. 

J>jw//w«i-.— They  are  of  both  a  general  and  a  local  nature. 
In  from  one  to  three  days  after  infection  takes  place,  there  will 
be  I0.SS  of  appetite  and  rumination,  with  dullness,  debility,  and 
a  high  fever.  To  these  will  be  added  lameness  or  stiffness  of  one 
or  more  limbs,  due  to  the  tumor,  or  swelling,  that  invariably 
attends  the  disease.  After  a  few  days  of  illness  the  animal 
usually  dies;  toward  the  last  becoming  very  weak;  labored 
breathing;  weak  pulse;  lowering  of  the  temperature,  and  more  or 
less  distress  The  tumor,  or  swelling,  is  the  marked  feature  of 
the  affection;  in  .some  cases  it  may  be  the  first  noted  .symptom. 
It  may  te  located  on  the  thighs-hence  the  name -or  on  the 
neck,  shoulder,  breast,  flanks,  or  rump,  but  not  below  hock  or 
knee;  sometime,  in  tu.  vicinity  of  throat.     At  first,  tumor  is 


t  r 


m 


Diseases  of  CmTtle 


a  —  -' 


SECTION  OF    MUSfl.F    FROM   A   BLACK    LEG  SWELLING 

li.e  mu^riilar  ti«.io  l..-.i.-,nl'  n  -'m-Vvvj  i-;,v  W  hr.vA--i~b  -.'  l.i.ick 
si,.-,.l,',l  ,vu>  a  <l.iik  ...1  a-  .,■;.:.•- -I-!  i"  '!':~  lil.t.-.  .  It  1,  -■t 
a-.l  ir.-ilv  tnrn  ar.l  I.^.V.—  u;..  1"  ••  i>'M-CKl.ir  ti— ...•  i.  .li-l-i  '■■} 
u,th  nsinc.u-  sn::inv  ■•:  l.n-.-  e  i-liUo.l  v  ,mi  >.-.  ..ft.n  f.  -m:  .: 
.,,,  ,  M,.,,t  :is  In  ,,.- ,.!.',-i-  :i  ir-,i-l!  m  ■!■  ..f  liui-;  tiT,~uc.  (J)  ln^ 
iir.l.t.K-.      (')   Cuvitiv.  a  :<--  !■■  tiu,  f./!r..ati.-.:;. 


DISEASKvS  OF  CATTLE 


5»7 


small    bnt  it  spreads  and  deeix;tis  rapidly,  and  when  strokt<l  or 
hu.dk-d    a  pecnliar  crackling  sound  is  heard  under  the  skin.  Tins 
is  due  to  a  collection  of  gas  formed  by  the  semis,  as  they  multi- 
ply     At  this   stage  the  skin  becomes  dry,  parchinent-hke,  cool 
-uid  insensitive   to  touch  in  the  center  of  the  tumor,  due  to  the 
decomposition    that  has  taken   place.     If  cut  into    ^  'l^'"'^  rf^<J' 
froihv    and  ill-smelling  fluid  is  discharged.     Animal  shows  little 
or  no'  pain  (luring  operation.     An  after-death  examination  shows 
th.t  the  tissues  under  the  .skin  are  filled  with  blood,  a  yellow 
i.lh-like  material,  and  gas  bubbles;  these,  with  the  unchanged 
spleen,  the  clotting  of  the  bl<K,d,  and  the  crackling  sound  noted, 
vvill  readilv  distinguish  the  disease  from  anthrax,  in  which  the 
spleen  is  m'uth  enlarged,  blood  is  tarry,  does  not  easily  clot,  and 
the  tumor,  if  present,  does  not  crackle,  and  no  gas  is  present. 

Tkratmknt. — 

Remove  well  calves  and  young  animals  to  uninfected  pastures 
or  nuarters,  and  give  them  micontaminated  water.  Medical 
treatment  Ikus  thus  far  been  of  little  avail.  I'xercise  and  purging 
with  Salts  are  recommended,  the  latter  given  as  a  drench  in  ■.■  to 
,-,M.un<l  doses,  depending  on  the  size  of  Uie  animal._  As  a  pre- 
vention all  susceptible  animals  .should  be  vaccinateu  with  black- 
leg virus,  which  is  a  safe  and  reliable  preventive.  In  regions 
where  this  trouble  prevails,  the  young  cattle  should  be  vaccinated 
i  month  or  so  before  it  is  time  for  the  trouble  to  uccur,  and  as  it 
occurs  at  slightly  different  times  in  different  localities,  the  time 
for  vaccinating  will  vary  some-some  time  during  the  spring  or 

early  summer.  ,   n    i     c         if 

Black-leg  vaccine  is  made  from  the  diseased  flesh  of  a  calf 
that  has  died  of  the  <liscase,  by  heating  it  to  a  temperature  that 
weakens  the  germs.  Two  forms  of  the  vaccine  are  prepared- 
the  "single  "  which  retiuires  but  one  injection,  and  the  double, 
which  requires  two  injections,  ten  dayf  apart.  The  <louble  vaccine 
,„akes  more  trouble,  and  in  some  cases  the  expense  of  vaccinating 
the  second  time  precludes  its  use,  but  it  is  safer  to  use,  and  unless 
the  disease  has  broken  out  in  the  herd,  it  is  recommended  -s  giv- 
in-  better  protection;  and  besides,  in  the  case  of  very  fat  calves, 
...u-^^x,  c„..m  to  b.'  more  susceptible  to  the  disease,  the  single  is  not 


'|.:^i: 


II 


!  ,  . 


r. 


5.S  TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

(.iitirtly  cikitual.  The-  va.iiiif  is  juit  up  in  various  forms:  some 
firiMS  Mini  il  out  in  the  r>riii  of  a  lilllc  pill,  oUrts  in  tin-  form  of 
a  liin;.;  >aturati.il  with  Ihc-  virus,  llusc  to  b'  ins(.rti.Ml  umli-r  tlic 
;lin  tlu-  i)ilN  willi  siK-cial  instnnni.nt,  i1k- string  with  a  lui-dK-  • 
and  it  also  conas  in  jjowiUt.  to  ln'  mixed  with  water  and  injected 
nder  the  skin  with  a  In  p.nli  rniic  syringe,  followint^  directions 
i.arefnlly.  Vaccine  and  in-trument.;  can  be  inirchased  Ihnm^h 
any  nliable  drn-^ist.  The  experiment  stations  in  many  of  the 
stales  where  the  disease  is  prevalent,  prepare  the  vaccine  and 
send  it  to  those  ajiplyinp;  for  it,  with  full  directions  for  its  tise. 
While  one  vaccination  may  carry  an  animal  through  its  susceptible 
period,  it  is  safer  to  vaccinate  at  lea-t  once  e.acii  year  until  the 
a.nimal  is  two  years  old.  Calves  uee>l  not  be  vaccinated  until  they 
approach  six  months  of  aj;e.  Some  recommend  v.accinatiui^  fat 
calves  oftener  than  once  a  year. 

Inasmuch  as  vaccination  is  such  an  elTeelnal  preventive,  it  is 
not  wise  to  rely  upon  other  preventives,  .ilthou^h  the  follo'ving 
is  ijuid  to  have  some  preventive  value  : 

Sulphur lo  poiinds. 

SaltixUT  ^  pounds. 

SulpliMlo  (if  Iron *>  pounds. 

Air  sliikcd  Lime 3  poi""'!,'^. 

iMir  thoroiit;hly,  anvi  use  I  ])i>und  of  the 
mixUire  in  l  k^>11'>'1  "f  salt ;  this  to  Ijc  t;iven  to 
the-  animal  in  place  of  couiinon  s.ill. 

HiEMORRHAGIC  SEPTICAEMIA.— While,  perhaps, 
this  disease  is  not  entirely  confined  to  cattle,  it  is  much  more 
conunon  with  them  than  with  the  other  animals.  At  the  present 
lime  there  i-.  not  nmch  known  about  the  disease,  except  that  it 
oenerally  runs  to  a  fatal  termination.  Just  how  widely  distrib- 
uted it  is,  is  hard  t')  s;iy,  as  in  many  cases  il  may  have  Ik-cu 
diagnosed  as  some  other  disorder,  as  anthrax,  black  leg,  corn 
stalk  disease,  etc. 

Guises.— 'X\\Q  disease  is  caused  by  germs,  and  hence  is  con- 
tagious ;  but,  just  how  it  is  spread,  or  how  the  organisms  gair 
entrance  into  the  body  is  not  known,  but  il  has  been  demon- 
strated that  the  disease  is  caused  by  at  le3:,t  one  s]ieciric  orj;anism 
anil  perhaps  olhers  may  cause  closely  related  Cf>!!-;liti--;;s. 


DISr.ASKS  OF  CATTLK 


5»9 


Svmplious.     The  symptoms   presented  with  the  disease  are 

not  very  characteristic,  and    may  vary   somewhat  ;    it  generally 

runs  a   rapid  course,   and    terminates   fatally    within  thirty-six 

liours;    it   may,    however,    take  on  a  somewhaL  chronic   form. 

Ill    the  acute  form,  towards  the  last,  at  least,  the  animal   shows 

Krcr.t  weakness  or  paralysis;  the   temperature   remaining   aljout 

normal.     The  conditions  found   in    an   after-death  examination 

are  quite  characteristic,    the   most  noticeable   being  the  hemor- 

.-lia-es,  or  blood-staine.l  areas  wliich  have  distinct  borders,  and  may 

be  Miiall  red  sixHs,   ..r    large  bl(j<xl-stained  .surfaces.     These    are 

seen  just  under  the  skin,  the  muscles  looking  as  though  they  had 

been  slightly  bruised  ;  they  may  be  found  on  the  pleura  covering 

the  ribs,  lungs  or  diaphragm;  or  on  the  intestines,    or  the   \^r\- 

toneum  lining  the  abdominal  cavity,  or  on  the  mesentery  which 

supiwrts    the    intestines.      The   spleen    is   not   enlarged,    which 

distinguishes   it  from   anthrax,    and   there  is  not   the  externa; 

Mvelling,   filled  with  offensive  gas,  which  distinguishes  it  from 

blackdeg. 

TkkatmenT. — 

As  yet  nothing  has  been  found  to  be  of  value  along  this  line, 
and  the  only  practical  suggestions  that  can  l)e  given  is  to  separate 
tlie  healthy  from  the  sick,  and  u-o  disinfectants  freely,  disposing 
of  the  dead  the  .same  as  with  those  dying  of  anthrax  or  black-leg. 

The  foregoing  is  a  short  summary  of  a  'ulletin  by  Dr. 
Reynolds,  pubHshed  by  the  Minnesota  Kxperiment  Station,  which 
gave  the  result  of  Dr.  Reynolds'  study  of  a  number  of  outbreaks 
of  the  disease  in  Minnesota  during  the  past  three  years. 

TUBERCULOSIS.— Tuberculosis  is  a  contagious  disease 
that  may  attack  any  animal,  though  it  is  found  mostly  in  cattle. 
It  is  distinguished  by  the  formation,  in  the  various  organs  of  ti:e 
body,  of  nodules  or  tubercles  having  a  characteristic  appearance, 
\\\\\c\\  contain  the  germ  called  Bacillus  Tuberculosis,  or  Tubercle 
Bacillus. 

Oj;«f .— The  cause  is  a  germ,  or  bacterium,  as  above  noted. 
The  germs  are  always  present  in  an  animal  having  the  disease. 
Any   couditioii  which  weakens  the  anim.al's  system  lessens  the 


m 


•i 


r< 


ii^- 


i  i 


530 


Till'.  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


N'! 


*   '  ■'    ■••il! 


po\v(  r  of  resistance  to  tlie  disease.  As  a  result  of  the  drain  due 
to  tliL'  production  of  Inr^f  ((uantities  of  milk,  tul>frculosis  is  i)er- 
Injjs  more  comtnun  aniont;  dairy  cows,  but  any  animal  is  apt  to 
contract  the  disease  if  c\[>osed  to  the  contagion. 

The  disease  is  inipfjrtant,  not  only  on  accfmnt  of  the  loss  of 
the  cattle,  hut  Ixh-  uise  of  its  rel.ition  tf)  the  health  of  the  general 
puhlic  who  use  milk.  The  milk  from  cows  that  are  hadly  affected 
with  tuherculosis.  and  esjKcially  if  the  uilder  is  afFecte<l,  is  con- 
sidered a  dangerous  food,  as  it  may  l>o  the  means  of  conveying 
the  disease  to  people  using  it,  tmless  it  is  pasteurized  by  heatiuR 
to  a  temperature  of  i  S5  degrees  F.  At  present  there  is  a  difference 
of  opinion  .among  bacteriologists  as  to  whether  tul)erculosis  in 
cattle  and  consumption  in  man  are  exactly  the  --ame — that  is, 
caused  by  exactly  the  same  germ  or  not.  But  until  it  is  positively 
proven  th.it  thev  are  not,  it  is  safest  to  consider  them  as  the  same, 
and  SLS  connnunicable  to  each  other. 

Svm/>/,v>!<;.  Owing  to  the  fact    that  the  disease  may  attack 
almost  any  part   ol   the  body,  there  are  a  great  variety  of  syniiv 
toms;  the  severity  of  the  attack  is  also  a  great  modifying  factor. 
The  lungs  are  .iltacked  the  most  frecpieiitly;   the  liver,  spleen, 
diaphragm  or  midriff,  lymphatic  glands,  bones  or  joints,  may  also 
be  the  seat  of  the  disease.     In  case  the  huigs  are  attacked,  and 
become  badly  diseased,  the  animal  is  out  of   condition  and  falls 
away  in  flesh;  appetite  is  capricious;  coat   is  rough  and  staring; 
eyes  are  sunken   ai  d  dull.     There  is   usually  a  cough,  that  is 
especially  noticeable  .vheu  animal  is  first  disturl)ed  in  the  morning, 
or  when  turned  out  to  exercise.     There  is  often  a  discharge  from 
nose  and  eyes,  that  from  the  latter  drying  at  the  inner  corners. 
These  symptoms  are  by  no  means  diagnostic,  as  other  diseases 
cause   them.      In   fact,  there  are  no  diagnostic  symptoms;  some- 
times an  animal  will  be  badly  afTccted  with  the  disease  and   give 
no  indication  of  it  in  its  general  appearance.     The  only  means  of 
diagnosing  the  disease  with   any  degree  of  certainty,  is  to  test 
with  tuberculin.     The  disease  is  contracted  by  the  germs  of  this 
disease  entering  the  system  of  a  healthy  animal  through  wounds; 
by  being  taken  in  with  the  food  or  water,  or  by  being  inhaled 
and  taken  in  through  the  liuigs;  mainly  by  the  Last  two  methods. 
Sucking  calves  may  get  the  germs  in  the  milk  from  a  inl^rculons 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


5»« 


cow,  in  addition  to  the  above  methods.     The  discharges  from  the 
noae  which  contain  the  germs,  being  dried,  are  inliakd  by  licallhy 
animals  in  the  form  of  dust,  thus  producing  the  disease.     In  rare 
cases  the  disea.se  is  congenital,  the  calf  contracting  it  Ixifore  birlL 
In  after-death  e.xamination,  tlie  diseased  tissue  apiJears  as 
lumps,  or  nodules,  in  or  on  the  organs  affected.     If  tliese  lumps, 
which  are  rather  hard,  are  cut  oik'H,  they  will  Ihj  found  to  contain 
a  yellow,  granular  substance,  which,  when  cut  into,  seems  to  he 
-ritty.     In  some  ca.ses  it  has  turned  to  pus,  with  lumiis  of  cheesy 
iiKiterial   in  it.     In  some  ca.ses  the  di>ea.se  api^ars  as  a  fibrous 
-rnwth,  in  reddish  bunches,  on  the  outside  of  the  organ  or  part 
riffc-cled,   giving    the   characteristic   appearance   when  cut    into. 
These  tubercles  vary  in  si/e  from  that  of  a  pinhead,  to  the  size  of 
a  man's  double  fist,  or  even  larger.     They  may  be  scattered  (luite 
fiiely  throughout  the  Iwdy,  or  there  may  be  only  a  few.     The 
tul>ercular  deiK)sit  is  often  found  in  some  of  the  lymphatic  glan.ls, 
the  onc-s  just  back  and  above  the  pharynx,  or  in  those  between 
the    lungs,   or  along  the   kjrder   of   the    intestines,    or    in    the 
udder.     These  glands,  when  healthy,  vary  in  si/e  from  a  bean  to 
that  of  a  man's  thumb,  and  when  cut  open,  are  solid  and  of  a 
brownish  color— when  affected  with  disease  they  are  eidarged. 
sometimes  very  much  so,  and  show  the  characteristic,  granular, 
yellow  material  when  cut  open.     The  tubercles  are  often  found 
attached  to  the  pleura  lining  the  ribs,  or  masses  of  the  material 
may  l)e  found  in  the  liver,  spleen,  lungs,  or  any  other  organ  of 
the  l)ody.     In  some  cases  the  womb  is  literally  lined  with  small 
tubercles. 

TREATMaNT. — 

There  is.  no  known  treatment  that  cures  the  disease,  but 
there  are  preventive  measures  that  are  of  value.  The  best  method 
of  preventing  the  disease,  is  to  keep  healthj-  cattle  from  coming 
in  contact  with  affected  ones,  or  with  stalls,  food,  feed  boxes,  and 
drinking  places  that  are  infected.  If,  for  any  reason,  an  animal 
is  suspected  of  having  the  disease,  or  the  symptoms  are  plainly 
manifest,  it  should  be  isolated  from  the  others  and  the  quarters 
thoroughly  cleaned  and  disinfected  with  strong  disinfectants,  and 
whitew»>b«d. 


iEi  ^; 


5^-» 


Till'  rkAcricAi.  stock  doctou 


Asulc  from  protcctiuR  cattle  from  disease  Rerms,  the  best 
iiuaiis  of  prevention  is  the  keeping  of  animals  healthy  ami 
vigorous.  While  the  disease  will  never  develop  without  the 
presence  of  the  infection,  weakened  animals  will  c(intract  the 

infection  quicker.  (^"-'^'''^''^  *''''*^  ''"'*-'  'I'"'''-  *1''»'"P-  f>ltl»y.  »'"' 
l);i(lly  ventilated,  are  hotlK;<ls  for  the  projKigat'on  of  tho  disease 
wlicn  it  is  once  introduced,  and  in  such  stahles  the  disease  spreads 
imich  more  rapidly  than  in  a  stable  that  is  dry,  well  lighted  and 
well  ventilated.  Sunlight  is  known  to  be  a  great  disinfectant, 
and  germs  of  this  disease  are  knied  when  exjMJSed  to  the  direct 
rays  of  the  sun  for  a  few  hours.  An  abundance  of  fresh  air  is 
also  very  imix)rtant  in  the  preservation  of  the  heahh  of  animals, 
as  it  brings  oxygen,  carries  away  waste,  and  keefw  stables  dry. 
With  cattle  in  gcxid  health,  and  well  cared  for  in  goixl  stables,  the 
disease  will  spread  rather  slowly,  ,if  b'-  chance  it  is  inlnxUiced. 

The  Tuberculin  Test.  -Tlie  most  accurate  means  of  detect- 
ing tulx-Tculosis   is  by  testing  cattle  with  tuberculin,  called  the 
tuUrculin   test.      Tulwrculin  is  a  liquid    which  represents  the 
Ix)ison  which  is  produced  by  the  tid)ercle  bacilli,  but  as  prepared  it 
contains  no  germs,    so  is   incapable  of   producing  the  disease. 
The  test  depends  upon  the  fact  that  if  the  animal  has  the  disease, 
in  from  six  to  twelve  hours  after  injecting  the  tul)erculin,  a  rise 
in  temperature,  or  fever,  follows,  which  lasts  a  few  hours  and 
then  sub'-ides.     The  test  is  applied  as  follows  :    The  temiHirature 
of  the  animal  to  Ix;  tested  is  taken  ever>^  two  hours  throughout 
the  day  to  determine  its  normal  temperature;  at  alx)ut  lo  o'clock 
ill  the  evening  the  reipiired   amount  of  tulierculin    is   injected 
under  the  .skin,  generally  in  the  region  of  the  neck;  six  or  seven 
hours  after  the  injection  is  made,  the  taking  of  the  temp^crature 
should   aK.'iin   In;   commenced,    and    taken   every    hour  or   two 
throughout  the  day.     If  the  animal  has  the  disease,  some  time 
between  six  and  twenty  hours  after  the  injection,  the  temiK-rature 
will  commence  to  rise,  will   gradually  increase  for  a  few  hours, 
and   then  gradually  go  back  to  normal,  generally  getting  back 
to  normal  toward  evening.       The  rise  of  temperature  may  be 
from  2  to  6  degrees.     If  the  temperature  rises  2  or  more  degrees 
higher  after  the  injection   than  it  was  before,  it  i.s  considered  a 
hign  of  tuberculosis;  a  ri.se  of  i  'A  deiftees  is  looked  upon  as  being 


sHHHI 


Diseases  of  Cattle 


11 


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11 1 


TUBERCULOUS   LIVER  OF  A   COA 


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111,1  '''Uy    "I    w    ■' h    riiiKitiii    t!r    wll.  lu  i-h,    ;.,Ht'y 


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Hi.-  Inn,  .•,;,-l 


L-\tiii.l-.  into 


Hit    -•"'-l.in 


DISl'ASliS  01'  CATTLii 


523 


Mispicioiis.  If  llic  animal  is  free  from  the  disease,  the  temper- 
ature should  imt  rise  higher  after  the  iiijecti;  1  than  tlie  Iii^'hest 
before  the  injection.  Besides  theri~e  of  temperature,  tlie  affected 
animal   often  has  a  chill   just  as  the  temi)erature  commences  to 

rise. 

Points  to  be  Observed  in  Making  the  Test.  -Keep  the 

■■niimal  umler  lur  a^-eu-bMned  conditiciis  durin.i;  the  test;  on  tl.is 
acoiunt,  a  lime  of  year  when  the  animal  is  accustomed  to  i)ein};  in 
the  >lal>le,  is  l)elter  than  a  lime  when  she  is  at  pasture  and  has  to 
lie  taken  up.  Do  not  j^ive  a  lar-e  amount  of  water  or  feed  at  any 
one  time  durin;^  the  te>t;  give  a  little,  more  fre(iuently;  esj)ecially 
i-.  litis  true  of  colli  water,  after  the  injection  If  a  reaction  takes 
p;  ice,  lie  sure  nothing  cl>e  has  entered  in  to  cause  it.  Do  not 
iv>t  an  animal  while  in  heal,  or  for  a  motilli  before  or  after  par- 
iniilion.  The  test  does  no  harm  at  the>e  limes,  but  is  not 
■  eliable. 

The  test  is  nol  infallible,  but  it  is  ])y  f.ir  the  best  means  of 
<iiagnosing  the  disease  thai  we  have.  liadly  diseased  animals 
will  sometimes  not  resixHid,  but  in  such  cases  Iheir  condition  is 
such  as  fo  warrant  their  destruction.  Occasionally  an  animal 
will  respijiid  that  is  not  diseased,  but  this  is  rare  if  due  care  has 
1  leeii  exercised . 

One  test  destroys  the  effect  of  subse(iuciU  tests  for  a  year, 
Iteuce,  in  susincious  cases,  a  re-testing  c.anne't  be  given  iiisid.e  of 
nine  months.  The  test  in  no  way  injures  a  healthy  animal;  it 
may  cause  one  that  has  the  disease  to  break  down  more  rapidly, 
but  '.his  is  iiot  always  true. 

The  lest  should  always  be  applied  by  a  veterinarian,  or  by 
some  one  having  experience  witli  the  Use  of  the  thermometer  ai.d 
hvpoderniic  .syringe.  The  dose  of  tuberculin  depends  upon  its 
slrength— diflerenl  firms  i)repare  dilTereut  strengths. 

All  animals  having  the  disea.se  best  be  destroyed,  as  no  cura- 
livc  treatment  is  known.  The  test  in  no  way  indicates  the  degree 
of  the  infection,  and  so  the  animal  that  responds  :nay  be  very 
dangerous  from  a  standpoint  of  .spreading  the  disea.se,  or  it  may 
not  be  so  dangerous.  While  healthy  calves  can  be  got  from 
adected  animals  by  removing  them  from  the  cows  as  soon  as 


III 


■■#!  :*.■ 


I 


524 


THE  PRACTICAL,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


dropixil,  in  but  few  casus  will  it  pay,  as  the  expense  of  kecpinj; 
the  diseased  by  themselves  is  too  great,  and  then  there  is  always 
some  danger  that  the  infection  will  in  some  way  be  carried  to 
the  healthj'  animals. 

If  a  herd  is  tested  and  some  respond,  the  stable  should  be 
thoroughly  cleaned,  disinfected  l)y  solutions  and  by  fumigating 
(^see  "Disir.fcction,"  page  66),  and  then  whitewashed.  After- 
wards the  herd  should  be  tested  once  a  year  for  three  or  four 
J  ears.  No  new  animals  should  be  introduced  into  the  herd  until 
after  they  are  tested. 

While  this  disease  is  not  very  prevalent,  taking  the  country 
at  large,  yet  many  herds  are  affected,  and  it  is  always  safest, 
es{x;cially  when  high  prices  aie  paid  for  pure-bred  cattle,  to  buy 
them  subjLLt  to  the-  test. 


ii' 


LUMP-JAW  — BIG-JAW;    ACTINOMYCOSIS.  - 

This  disease  is  due  to  a  vegetable  organi.sm  that  gains  entrance 
to  the  tissues,  and  growing,  produces  a  lump,  or  tiunor,  which 
may  grow  to  a  large  size.  The  disease  generally  affects  the 
upix?r  or  lower  jaws,  but  may  affect  the  tongue  (when  it  is  called 
"  wooden  tongue" ),  or  other  parts  of  the  body.  The  tumors  are 
not  infre(iUently  found  about  the  throat,  just  back  of  the  lower 
jaw.     The  disease  is  also  found  in  the  ?ungs. 

Ca/ts<s. — The  disease  is  caused  by  the  organism  known  as 
the  actinomyccs,  or  ray  fungus.  The  fungus  grows  on  plants 
and  it  is  suj)ix)r.cd  that  it  gains  entrance  into  the  body  by  being 
taken  in  with  the  food,  entering  through  some  wound,  a  scratch, 
]>erhai)s,  inflicted  liy  harsh  food,  or  about  the  teeth  at  sheddhig 
time.  The  disease  is  rarely,  if  ever,  transmitted  diicctly  from  one 
animal  to  the  other.  While  the  pus  from  the  tinnors  contains 
the  fungus,  yet  for  some  reason  it  ooes  not  have  the  p(jwer  to 
produce  the  disea.se  even  when  injected  directly  into  another 
animal.  The  only  way  to  transmit  the  disease  directly  from  one 
animal  to  another,  is  to  introduce  a  piece  ^''.  the  diseased  tissue 
itself  underneath  the  skin  of  another  animal;  this  course  would 
never  occur  naturally.  The  disease  cannot  be  strictly  called 
contagious,  and  the  only  way  that  the  diseased  animal  can  be  a 


s 


I 


It '' 


III 


,%f. 


4  vr4 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


525 


tneans  of  spreading  the  disease,  is  by  the  fungus  in  the  discharg- 
ing pus,  ^vhe^  discharged  upon  grass,  growing  and  regaining  its 
vifalily  and  becoming  a  source  of  infection  to  others,  through  the 
..0,1  On  this  account  it  would  be  best  not  to  allow  ammals  with 
running'  sores  to  run  at  pasture,  where  other  animals  are  to  be 

pastured. 

5  „./^,._The  first  symptom  is  a  slight  swelling,  such  as 
might  come  from  an  injur>-,  usually  appearing  'ipon  the  upper  or 
lower  jaw,  but  as  before  stated,  may  form  in  other  •  laces    U^ here 
the  bone  is  affected,  the  enlargement  is  due  to  the  outward  bulging 
of   it     and  when  the   soft  tissues  are   affected.  >t  is  due  to  an 
increased  growth  of  the  tissue,  as  a  result  of  tl-  -fl--  - 
and  irritation  that  the  growing  fungus  produces.     As  the  disease 
advances   the   tumor   grows,   and  finally  breaks,  dischargmg  a 
thick    stickv   pus.  but  causing   little  diminution  ni  the   size  of 
he  g;o-th;'the  wound  may  heal  over,  but  it  gradually  becomes 
larger  ..    breaks  again.     The  only  peculiarity  about  the  pus  is 
that   it   contains   small,   hard,    yellow   grain-like    particles,   not 
much  larger  than  the  point  of  a  pin;  thes-an  best  be  seen  by 
spreading  a  thin  layer  of  pus  on  a  piece  of  glass.     If  ^^e  jaw    s 
affected  the  teeth,  in  affected  part,  may  l^ecome  sore  and  interfere 
more  or  less  with  eating.     Sometimes  the  disease  dev-elops  very 
slowly   sometimes  rapidly.     The  case  represented  in  the  cut  was 
six  months  developing.     When  the  bone  is  affected  it  becomes 
very  porous.     The  only  positive  diagnosis  of  the  disease  is  to 
have  the  pus  examined  with  a  microscoix;  for  the  fungus. 

TrBATMRNT.^-^^  is  free  from  the  bone  and  away  from  large 
blood  vessels,  the  l>est  treatment  is  to  dissect  it  out.  cutting  well 
ack  so  as  to  be  sure  and  get  it  all.  and  after  removmg  the  tumor, 
apply  a  caustic  around  the  inside  of  the  sack  to  slough  out  any 
that  may  be  left-Caustic  Potash  can  be  used,  rubbing  it  around 
iu  the  interior.  Leave  the  wound  open,  so  if  growth  starts  it  can 
be  sloughed  out.  Aftet  the  slough  comes  out.  apply  to  the  sore, 
o^ce  a  day.  the  Iodine  Ointment.  (See  Phkscriptions,  in 
:,ack  part  of  book.)  If  the  tumor  has  pus  in  it,  open  it  and 
let  the  pus  out,  aud  then  slough  out  the  interior  as  above.  There 


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536 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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arc  slougliin^  preparations  in  the  market  which,  if  used  early, 
will  kill  the  fundus  and  reduce  the  si/e  of  the  tutuor.  Fleniiujj 
Brothers,  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  put  out  one  of  these 
preparations. 

Alonj;  with  the  external  trealnicnt,  it  is  well  to  use  Iodide 
of  Potash  internalh  .  The  drug  is  given  until  a  condition  known 
as  "iodisni"  is  produced;  this  is  recognized  by  the  animal  going  off 
its  feed,  e\es  and  nose  discharging,  hair  becomes  harsh  and 
rough,  skin  harsh  and  wriikled,  esjx^cially  on  lop  of  ther.eck, 
and  a  large  amount  of  dandrulT  in  the  hair — large  hrandike 
llakes.  When  these  symptoms  are  plainly  produced,  the  medi 
cine  is  discontinued  for  a  time.  If  symptoms  are  very  marked 
give  a  dose  of  I<;psoni  Salts,  and  also  a  tahlespoonful  of  S.nltpetei 
twice  a  day  for  a  few  days.  After  two  or  three  weeks  repeal  the 
treatmetit.  To  give  the  drug,  dissohe  2  ounces  of  Iodide  of 
Potash  in  a  i)int  of  water,  and  gi\e  i  oiuice  <if  this  solution  in  l4 
pint  of  water  ('vicc  n  day  for  a  few  days,  and  then  three  times  a 
day  until  the  iodism  symptoms  are  produced. 

As  to  using  the  meat  of  av  animal  affected  with  this  disease; 
If  the  disease  is  localized  about  the  head  and  does  not  produce 
any  constitutional  disturbance,  there  w<mld  be  nothing  unwhole- 
some about  the  meat,  discarding  quite  a  large  jxjrtion  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  tumor.  There  woultl  be  nothing  imwholesome 
about  the  milk  tnitil  the  animal  became  constitutionally  affected. 

In  case  oi  oj)eralions,  if  possible  have  a  veterinarian  jierfonn 
them. 

HYDROPHOBIA -RABIES.— It  seems  unnecessary  to 
repeat  the  general  statements  regarding  this  disease  in  i\w  IIorsi-: 
Di:i'.\RTMEXT  of  this  work  (page  227).  The  disease  is,  of  course, 
incurable,  and  from  its  dangerous  nature,  a  suspected  animal 
should  be  immediately  confined,  and  as  soon  as  the  symptoms 
become  pronounced,  it  .should  be  killed,  and  the  carcase  buried. 

COW  POX-VARIOLA  VACCINN.^.— This  is  a  con. 
tagious  disease  similar  to,  if  not  identical  with,  as  is  claimed  by 
some,  small  p(^x  of  the  human  family.  A  heifer  inoculated  with 
small  iK>K  \irus,  will  have  a  disease  identical  with  cow  pox,  and 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


527 


when  nK.n  are  vaccinaled  with  cow  pox,  the  resultnig  disease  1. 

Ti    L  to  a  very  nuld  form  of  small  ^.x.  and  -nders  .mmunUy 

u,  .mall  pox.     The  c.uestion  of  identity  does  not  seem  uel   sc 
led       Tre  auid  fron.  the  pnstnles  of  cow  pox  .s  the  mater  al 
:^   to  vaccinate    people  against    s.nall  pox.         isease  njay  be 

.ralnitted  to  man  by  sores  on  the  hand  when  mdkmg  an  affected 

cow.  ^      ,.  t 

Sv»>/>/<v»s.-Co..  ix>x,  or  kine  pox,  is  a  specific  disease,  prob- 
ably procfuced  by  some  kin.l  of  an  organism,  and  develops  m   ro, 
three  to  nine  days  after  inocnlation,  showing  itsel    by  a  si  Jit 
fever  for  a  conple  of  days,  which  may  l>e  overlooked,  then  breaks 
o„t  in  pimples  on  the  teats  and  tulder,  and  may  extend  to  tie 
Qanks,  escutcheon,  and  around  the  v.lva,  nose,  mouth  and  eyes^ 
These  pimples,  red  at  first,  enlarge  from  day  to  day,  until  they 
rea.h  a  diameter  of  one-half  to  one  inch,  and  become  yellow.     A 
Ltinct  blister  forms,  breaks,   runs  a   yellowish   b-P^^ -^-' 
contains  the  active  virus  of  the  disease,  dries  up,  a  scab  forms 
„^         which  leaves  a  pit  when  it  come.  off.     The  only  trottb  e 
to  be  had  from  the  disease  in  cattle   is  in  milch  cows   from    he 
tea  r  getting  .sore.     These  are  covered  with  small  blisters,  that 
niaylSlme  confluent-run  together-rendering  milking  a  very 
painful  operation. 

'^'"''Ssl^^n^H  its  course  in  from  ten  to  twenty  days^  -uid  little 
treatment  is  necessary,  except  to  keep  the  parts  soft  by  some 
1,  ^ahiig  ointment.  Oxide  of  Zinc  Ointment  ,s  good.  After 
milking  apply  a  little  White  Lotion  (see  Pkesckiptioxs  in  back 
:  lZk).also  Carbolic  Acid  lotion,  and  follow  that  with  /uK 
ointment  or  some  of  tne  preparations  recommendwl  under 
• '  Chapped  or  Sore  Teats."     The  following  solution  is  also  recom- 

mended  as  a  wash; 

IlNTWsulphileofSoda 2  ounces. 

^^^ 'i^'"^- 

/tfix  and  wash  f rotiuenlly. 
When  the  udder  is  greath-  inflamed,  bathe  with  hot  water, 
a.  for  "  Inflammation  of  the  Udder,"  and  give  the  samednigs 
iuternallv  as  for  that  disease.     In  milking,  animals  affected  with 


\i. 


1/.'%: 


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P' 

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'1 


5a8 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


eow  pox  should  always  \)C  milked  last,  in  order  that  the  disease 
may  not  Ijc  couveyed  to  the  healthy  cows.  After  milking,  the 
hands  of  the  milker  should  Ik;  carefully  washed  and  disinfected. 
A  milkini?  tube  may  he  used  when  the  teats  are  sore  and  give 
very  much  pain.  Milk  from  cows  with  cow  pox  should  not  be 
UJietl  for  food. 

Sometimes  when  the  disease  breaks  out  in  a  herd,  ;dl  the 
cows  are  vaccinated  on  some  part  of  the  body  away  from  the 
udder,  as  the  hips  or  neck,  in  which  c.ise  the  sores  are  not  apt  to 
form  on  the  teats  and  udder,  and  do  not  interfere  with  the  milk- 
ing process. 


GENERAL  DISEASES  OF  THE  BLOOD 


PLETHORA.— This  may  be  deiined  as  a  very  rich  con- 
dition of  the  blood;  it  is  conducive  to  \  ry  many  serious  results 
by  interferini;  with  the  circulation,  especially  that  through  the 
vital  organs,  rendering  them  inert  and  unable  to  eliminate  from 
the  system  the  waste  mat{;rial  which  at  such  a  time  exists  in 
increased  amount.  When  left  in  the  system,  these  impurities 
lead  to  blood  poison,  to  congestion  and  inflanunations  in  case  of 
disease,  thus  greatly  increasing  dangers  attending  disorders  of  all 
kinds. 

Cdi/srs. — Are  rich,  stimulating  food,  such  as  oil-cake,  corn, 
and  other  grains,  rich  pasttires,  in  fact  anything  that  fattens  very 
fast,  especially  if  the  aniii...l  does  not  get  e.Kercise  enough.  Of 
course  the  condition  is  normal  up  to  a  certain  point  whenever 
animals  are  fattened;  when  pushed  too  far,  however,  the  system 
becomes  an  easy  t)rey  to  di.sease — rheumatism,  inflammation  of 
the  feet,  and  other  disorders  are  apt  to  occur. 

.9rw/>/t'w.f.— Unusually  rapid  improvement,  exuberant  spirits, 
.sleek  hair,  loose  skin,  and  tendency  to  fatten  rapid'/.  Occasion- 
ally slight  fever  may  be  seen,  at  first  of  short  duration,  but 
increasing  with  eacli  attack,  until  violent  congestion  occurs,  fol- 
lowed by  inflammation  of  some  part  of  the  body. 


DISEASES  OF  CATTLE 


52« 


Deplete  the  animal  by  giving   a  good  ptirgatu-e    ^  A.   to 
,K,un  is' f  Epsotn  Salts  dissolved  .n  .  or  3  quartos  of  water      Al.o 
'd'a  tables^x,.uul  of  Saltpeter  three  times  a  f^^^^^'^^ 
1\L  feed.     Aside   from  this  give  treatment  for  the  special  d..- 
case  which  develops. 

AN/EMIA  This  is  a  condition  of  the  body  when  there  is 
a  deficiency  .>f  bloo<l,  or  blood  corpuscles,  the  reverse  of  plethora, 
seen  in  animals  fro.n  a  lack  of  .sufficient  or  proper  kuids  of  foojl, 
especially  when  this  lack  is  accompanied  by  exposure  to  he 
weather,  or  impoverislnnent  of  lice  or  other  parasites;  also  the 
result  of  wasting  diseases.  It  is  apt  to  lead  to  P^HHira  hc-m«r- 
rhagica.  rheumatism,  etc.,  and  always  predisfx^ses  to  lice  or  other 
parasites. 

Symptoms  -The  animal  is  weak,  unthrifty  and  dull,  and  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  eye  and  nose  are  very  pale. 

'''''if'hrfested  with  lice  or  other  vermin,  destroy  by  treating  as 
.lirect'.d  under  prop..r  heading,  an  ^  give  the  following  Iron  tome: 
Umilil  Chloride  of  Iron jounces. 

Quinine '  "J'"'^- 

Water  to  make '  P^^- 

Shake.    Uoie:    i   ounce  in  "^  pint  of  water, 
mixed  in  the  grain,  three  times  a  day. 
Use  for  two  weeks,  then  discontinue  and  u.se  tonics,  as  recom- 
mended for   "Chronic  Indigestion."     Give  a  liberal  amount  of 
i^ood  feed. 

RHEUMATISM.— 

Causes  -The  immediate  cause  of  rheumatism  is  a  peculiar 
kind  of  acid  that  has  accumulated  in  the  system,  and  which  has 
-x  tendency  to  produce  infiammation  around  the  joints,  along  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  and  in  the  synovial  membranes,  x^  . 
exciting  causes  are  over-feeding,  rendering  the  system  too  pre- 
thoric,  or  exixjsure  to  cold  and  dampness  from  want  of  shelter 

and  poor  stabling. 
34 


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530 THIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Forms.  —  In  the  acute  form,  which  is  the  most  ccmmon,  the 
afTecteil  parts  swtll,  and  often  suppurate,  discharging  (juautities 
of  pus  and  with  it  more  or  less  synovial  fluid.  It  often  extends  to 
the  Ixjues  and  the  menihranes  covering  them,  when  it  takes  on 
what  i^  called  a  chronic  form,  and  more  or  less  bony  growth  is 
thrown  out,  whicli  ma\  stiffen  the  joint.  The  disease  also  often 
extends  to  the  chest,  and  settles  in  pleura,  heart,  etc.,  and  some- 
times causes  fatal  diseases  of  ihe  latter  organ.  The  disea.se  may 
affect  the  muscles,  causing  them  to  be  sore  and  stiff,  and  some- 
times to  contract  and  distort  a  part. 

5)w/)/(,'w.s.— There  is  lameness,  stiffness  and  disinclination  to 
move,  and  a  staring  coat.  After  this  a  joint  or  jHThaps  more 
th.an  one — begins  to  swell,  and  is  found  to  be  hot,  hard  ami 
painful.  A  day  later  s<jme  other  joint  may  be  found  swollen,  or 
perhajis  another  leg  is  affected,  the  disease  showitig  a  tendency 
to  go  from  one  jilace  to  another.  There  is  considerable  fever, 
with  high  pulse,  reddened  mucous  membranes,  and  an  inclination 
to  remain  lying  down.  IJowels  are  apt  to  be  constipated,  and  the 
urine  scanty  and  high  colored.  Abscesses  may  form  and  discharge 
pus. 

Trf.\tment. — 

Keep  animal  in  a  dry,  wi.rm  stable,  with  ample  bedding. 
Apply  dry  heat  <o  the  affected  parts  in  the  form  of  hot  water 
lx)ttles,  or  hot  salt  bags,  covering  with  woolen  blanket.  Also 
bathe  affected  parts  with  some  .soothing  lotion,  as: 

Soap  Lininicnl 3  ounces. 

Witch  Ila/.el 2  ounces. 

Turpentine I  ounce. 

Laml.invini 2  ounces. 

Slnkf.     .Xpply  twice  a  day  with  liberal  rub- 
l)i"K- 
Internally  give  the  following: 

I'luid  K.xtract  of  Bellailonu.i 1  ounce. 

t'"lui(l  Uxtracl  of  .\conite 1%  drachms. 

FUii<I  ICxtract  of  Colchicum  Seed I  ounce. 

SallpeUr 3  ounces. 

Water  to  make I  pint. 

Shake.     Dose:  1  oiinces.  three  tinie.s  a  day, 


DISI^ASHS^OF  CATTLE 53' 

\lso  Rive  .  to  2  (Iraduns  of  Salol  three  times  a  day,  in  a  little 
thin  «rncl.  Kc-q,  tlic  lK.svds  loose  with  occasional  do.scs  of  Epson, 
.Sails,  !in<l  Kive  a  laxative  diet. 

URiEMIA  This  (liseaso  is  the-  result  of  tlv  kidneys  and 
.,,  ulder  not  perfonnin^'  thdr  fnn<  tions  in  a  riRht  .nanner,  and  the 
urine  is  al.s.,rl.d  back  i.Uo  the  system,  ':ansin«  a  ,>o.sonn,B  of 
liie  blood  from  an  aumnnlation  of  urea. 

SvwN.ms.  There  is  loss  of  appetite,  dullness,  and  a  failure 
u,  serrele  the  v.rinc;  the  nose  and  month  are  dry,  and  the  for.ncr 
-,  f.tid-  ru.ninalion  ceases,  the  coat  stares,  and  a  smell  of  nrn.e 
is  .ktected  on  the  skin;  the  pulse  and  respiration  l)ecome  slow, 
,u.d  the  former  is  soft ;  pupils  of  the  eyes  are  dilated,  and  dehnnm, 
stuiM)r,  and  death  follow. 

"'"Kxrudne  the  urinary  ..rgans  very  carefully  to  discover,  if 

,x>ssible.  the  cause,   and   the.i   Rive  treatment  to   remove  same. 

l^.ive  lar^^e  quantities  of  Linseed  tea  to  drink,  and  as  a  mdd  pur- 

i;ative  the  following: 

Knsom  Salts n><»>n'1 

,,!  I  ounce. 

(.itiKcr  

WaUT  to  m;ik.- "l^^'rts. 

I\ri  1 ,  and  give  as  one  dose. 

Also  Rivo  2  ottnces  of  Li.iuor  Annnonia  Acetatis,  three  times 

""'^^'eed  on  a  laxative  diet.  Study  over  the  diseases  nf  the 
„rntary  organs  and  try  and  futd  out  which  is  operating  to  cause 
Ihc  troid.le,  and  treat  -.cordingly. 

PYEMIA  AND  SEPTICAEMIA- (BLOOD  POL 
SONING  )  -This  is  a  condition  that  results  from  absorbing  into 
th.  system,  putrid,  poisonous  matter,  or  pus,  especially  that 
from  an  ulcer,  or  suppurating  surface. 

Svwptonn.^Th^rc  i^^  high  fever,  with  increased  temperature; 
tlie  pulse  is  hard  and  fast,  and  the  breathing  is  <iu.ckened;  the 
breath  is  fetid;  rumination  is  su^i>ended  and  appetite  lost;  coat  is 


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53J  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

staring;  rapid  loss  of  fk-sh,  and  in  fatal  cases  delirium.  There  is  also 
the  ahsccss,  or  wouu'I,  from  which  theiKiisoti  is  ,ibs<jrlKil,  which, 
if  situatetl  externally,  can  Ikj  nccu;  if  the  at'scl•s^  is  internal  it 
will  l>e  (jvcrlooked. 

TkKAT.MI'N'..— 

Fintl  the  cause,  if  possible,  and  if  a  sore  of  any  kind  con- 
taining ciiufitieil  jnis,  let  it  out  and  dress  the  wonnd  with  a  3  jK-r 
cent,  solution  of  Carlx)lic  .\ci<l,  applying  it  two  or  three  time-^  :\ 
day,  nsinv;  a  syringe;  if  on  the  surface,  hind  on  a  sponge  wet  with 
the  solutiuii;  t;ive  internally  the  following: 

!.ii|iiicl  C'hlori'loof  Iron 3  kuiico. 

Ouininc i  outue. 

S-iltpi'trr 4  oiiiu-ts. 

Water  to  make I  quart. 

Sh.ike      Dose:    2  minces,  in  I  pint  of  water, 
three  or  four  times  a  day. 
Also  give,  alternating  the  dose-^  with  the  foregoing,  the  following: 

I'hiid  I'.xtract  l)ii,'ilTlis 6  drachms. 

Fluid  i;.\tract  of  Nux  Vomica  2  ounces. 

Fluid  Kxtraci  Cokhic  iiiii  Sit'l.... 1  '2  ouncc-s. 

Alcohi <1  S  oil iici'i. 

Water  to  make 1  pint. 

Do'^e:     I  ounce,  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Ciive  ri  mild  purgative  in  the  form  of  i  ixmndof  Epsom  Salt^ 
and  feed  on  a  laxative  hut  iiotinshing  diet. 

PURPURA  HEMORRHAGICA. -This  is  a  specific 
hlood  disease,  that  is  somewhat  c(jnHnon  in  horses,  but  rare  in 
cattle. 

Ciiiiscs.-\\.  is  caused  by  an  inijx)V"'-ished  condition,  more 
csjx;cially,  of  the  bhKxl,  which  becomes  deficient  in  some  of  its 
elements,  and  oozes  through  the  loats  of  the  blood  vessels,  and 
produces  swellings  in  the  more  dei)endent  parts  of  the  body, 
cans;  g  swelling  of  the  legs,  and  belly,  and  also  of  the  head. 
(See  description  of  the  disease  in  the  HokSU  Di:i-AKTMK.vt). 

Trk.\tmk.\t. — 

Give  the  same  treatment  as  recommended  for  the  horse, 
giving  from  one  and  o:ie-h;df  to  twice  the  dose  given  to  the  horse. 


niSKASKB  OF_CArri.U  533 

H AEM ATURI A     RED  WATER.-As  lac  nam.  i.uplic-s. 
r  becomes  re<l  m  color,  due 

'":  Tt;;  uri>^  -    M..L.,  ItsCf,  or  to  U.  rd  col..r„.«  n-a. 
'    "    .'.V       which  is  .ct  free  a,..l  thrown  od  •  /  the  kM   .ys. 

virions  canscs^  ^^^^^^^^    ^,,i^  is  due  to  inllannna- 

i,„p..vcnshca  con.Ht,on  "f/':;;;;^^^,^.  ^,;::lnam  kinds  of 

::'o:rpLrVhich  i..atc  the  kidneys,  or  nsin.  mca..^^ 
f,    .u-    vvliich  act  npc.n  these  organs, 

wdl  occur. 

''"'^If  d"u:7he  blood,  treat  the  disease  causing  it      If  from  a 
It  Uue  to  uic  inuxn-erished  condition  of 

then  change  to  the  Ionics  as  recommended  above. 

muid  Chloride  of  Iron 3  oun«s. 

Quinine • ;       ,     i^t. 

Water  to  make :""'"„:„*  nf  water. 

Shake.    Dose :  i  ounce,  in  a  pint  of  water, 

tbi««  lime*  a  day- 


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Allcniatc  wilh  these  doses  the  following: 

l'"liii(l  Ivxtrait  of  Nux  VciiiiiiM ;  nuiucs. 

I''hi!il  I'^xlr.ict  (if  (ii-iiliMii ;, 

I'liwlc-r's  Solution  (if  Arsenic lo 

WiiU-r  lo  nuike i    imit. 

Sli:ike.      Dosi  :    i  ounce    in    >   little   w.iIi.t, 
tlircL-  times  dav. 

If  t!-e  heart  is  weak,  >ji\'e  j  ounces  of  Alcohol  in  Jj  pint  of 
water,  two  or  three  times  a  ilaj-. 

HOLLOW    HORN    AND   WOLF  IN  THE    TAIL.  - 

These  iniaj;inary  iliseases,  which  in  the  pr.st  were  Mipjx)se(!  to  Ijc 
the  laiise  of  a  oreat  iiian>-  deaths  ainoiio  cattle  and  which  were 
'•"eated  by  boring  a  hole  into  the  Imin  and  ]inniin;^  in  all  xni.^  of 
tatino  sulistaiices;  or  ^littil:,;;  opeti  the  t.iil  and  filling;  the  cut 
i.oh  the  substances,  are  now  kn<i\vn  b\  nearly  every  one  to  be 
pnii  1>'  iiiia;',iiiaiy,  but  as  we  Mill  oc  casionally  luar  them  referred 
t...  the\'  arij  mentioned  in  tl.is  connection.  The  lior';-  of  nearly  all 
cattle  ale  hollow,  and  tin:  fad  that  a  horn  is  hoi  cji  cold  indicates 
but  little  in  diaonosin-^ disease.  If  the  tail  sliows  anythiiij;  wront;, 
salt  and  ]>ei>per  will  !>e  of  no  \alne.  Tone  llie  animal  up,  or  if 
an  abscess  forms,  as  of  course  it  nii,i;ht  Mom  \-arions  causes,  treat 
as  any  ijther  abscess;  some  little  irritation  or  disorder  about  the 
t.iil  need  not  be  looked  n]>on  as  the  c.inse  of  constitutional  dis- 
turbances. Do  not  be  j;iiilty  of  such  foolish  and  barbaric  opera- 
tions as  tliose  rcierred  to  al)o\"e. 

ABSCESSES.  Commoidy  these  are  called  "  <;atherinj;s." 
Tlie>-  are  acciitniilalions  of  "matter,"  or  pus,  in  ca\-ities  within 
the  tissues  of  the  bod\-.  There  are  two  kintls,  classeil  as  "  acute" 
and  "e-i.)ld."  Acute  ab.scesses  form  rapidly,  :uid  are  accompanied 
by  marked  inflammation,  with  heat,  ]>ain,  re(hies.-',  and  sweb  i;.;. 
Cold  aliscesses  are  (jf  a  clironic  nature,  formin,;:;  j^radually  without 
marked  symptoms  of  inflanunatioii  until  the\'  an:  of  considerable 
si/e.  Abscesses  are  caused  by  some  injury,  by  bacteria,  forci;',n 
bodies,  or  irritants  within  the  tissues. 

Tki;.\tmi:.\-t. — 

There  are  two  inctliods  u.^cd  in  the  tieatment  of  abscesses: 
The  absorption,  or  "  seatlerinj;"   treatment,  and  the  "drawing 


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(,,  a  iKad"  ii'clliod.  In  somt;  cases  il  is  a  'A<>Oi\  plan  to  try  an-l 
••.c-iUer"  the  abscess  by  rul.bins  and  by  applying'  remedies  to 
,b..Vb  tl'C  ptis,  or  fluid.  Rubbin-  with  a  slinuiiating  linnnent, 
'„r  apphinK  light  blisters,  is  useful.  Iodine,  either  as  tnictnre 
n^  ointn'ient  (see  PrkscripTIONS,  in  back  of  book)  may  be  applied 
,lady  until  the  skin  gets  sore,  and  then  sf  :      PP^icaliou  f..r  a  few 


lays,  and   then  apply  again.     This  i.-  g' 


"I  in 


/(■inoval  of 


l,„nchesaml  enlargements,  but  best  b.    .a>plie<l  when  taeiv  isno 
a.ule   innammation   in   the   part.      Tlu    -.vm.l.    n.etlud.aiid   the 
oiw  -euerallv    used,  is  to  encourage   the  form.ition  ..f  pus,  a^  an 
,h.ce-s  is  usuallv  an  effort  on  the  part  of  nature  to  rid  tlie  body 
of  some  inim-ious  sub^-iURV.      P.alliing,  or  fomenting,  ihe  affected. 
,Mrl  with  hot   water  and  the  applying  of   iK.uUices  to   soften  and 
soothe  the  tissues,   assist    materially   in    "drawing   abscess  to  a 
head  "      As  soon  as  pus,  or  matter,  is  detected  in  the   tissues- 
n  Imh  i-  indicated  by  a  soft  fluctuating  f.eling  when  the  part  is 
,n  ,nipulated  under  the   fingers-the   absees,;  should    be  oi>eued. 
•i-,.  ,lo   this  use   a  .sharp-pointed  knife,  iaking   the  blade  firmly 
l.^fven   Mie  tlurnb  and   forefinger  about   the  distance  from  the 
,„,inl  that  it  will  be  necessary  to   insert  knife-point   to  reach  the 
.,„    t  vity       Insert  .piicklv   at  the   lowest  part,  so  there  will  be 
i,.,  pocket,  and  the  pus  will  all  drain  out.      Make  opennig  large 
u-.nugh  to  allow  pus  to  escape  freely  and  then  wash  out  and  treat 
cavity       Abscesses  should   always  be  thoroughly   examined   for 
fnreign  bodies,  such  as  sticks,  pieces  of  b.me,  ^ad  the  like,  and  i 
to.nid  should  be  removed.     Wiicn  c;ivity  i.-  eir.pty,  wash  out  and 
t, .  It  with  antiseptics  freely.     The  incisi(m  sh.nild  not  l)e  .dlowed 
,„  heal    until   cavitv  has   hcale.l    fi-m    the    U^Aom,  or   another 
■  bsces-.  is  likely  to  follow.      Keep  open  by  plugging  with  absorb- 
ent cotton,  or  tow.     The   liair  below  a   wound   should  be   well 
ceased,    and  kept  so,  in   order   to   pr.v.nt  the  discharges  from 
11  litating,  or  scalding,  the  skin. 

If  .an  abscess  is  not  opened,  it  will  usually  break  and  dis- 
rl,aige  of  its  own  accord  at  last;  but  as  tlie  pus  bmrows  into  the 
!i-,Mies  seeking  an  outlet,  tlie  early  opening  of  the  cavity  greatly 
h.i.lens  the  final  recovery.  In  opening  ab>ee>-^es,care  must  be  taken 
,M.t  to  cut  bv  mistake,  into  a  hernia  or  rupture,  or  into  a  jomt 
or  cavity  cuiitainiiig  synovial  fluid  or  "joint  oil."     If  the  abscess 


1*' 


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Til  J;  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


is  in  the  vicinity  of  lar^i--  1)1(><«1  vi.sscls  or  imjKjrtant  organs,  pre- 
cautions mu  I  l)e  t.ilaii  t.)  prevent  injury  to  them.  In  sucli  places 
it  is  ,i;onerailv  Ihs!  fur  the  inexperienced  to  contiinie  j-Hmlticin;^ 
until  the  ah^ce^:.  lireaks  of  its  own  acconl,  after  which  it  should 
be  treated  as  mikjvc. 

POISONS  AND  THEIR  ANTIDOTES.—  For  symp- 
toms and  treatment,  >ee  i  loKSi;  Di.i'AKTMiCNT  (l)age  ;,2o). 

In  case  of  antidotes,  the  dose  for  cattle  is  one-and-one-half 
to  double  the  dose  -iven  to  a  horse  of  the  >ame  age. 


OPERATIONS 


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i' '    i 


With  operations  ujion  cattle,  the  >anie  general  jirinciples 
•,-li()u!d  lie  carried  out  as  given,  under  (  )i'i;i<atuin>,  in  Huksi'. 
Dki'AKTMknt.  Anaesthetics  are  used  the  same  \va.\.  The  same 
antiseptics— Carbolic  Acid  and  the  like  -should  be  used  freely 
on  instruments,  hands,  and  place  of  ojK-rating.  Cattle  can  be 
secured  by  holding  with  the  snap-ring  "bull-dog."  in  llie  nose, 
or  by  jnitting  head  in  st;tnchi(m;  if  operating  aboTU  thehind  limbs, 
tie  the  legs  together  with  a  piece  of  rope  jusi  above  the  hocks, 
cro-^sing  the  rope  between  the  legs  like  a  figure  S,  so  that  it  will 
not  slip  down  ;  or  cattle  may  be  cast  the  same  as  the  horse;  or 
secured  in  the  st(x'ks. 

HOW  TO  RING  A  BULL.— First  secure  the  bull  by 
throwhig  him,  or  put  him  in  a  narrow  stall.  To  insert  the  ring, 
first  whittle  a  pieix-  of  wood  so  it  may  be  entereil  into  the  nostril 
to  meet  the  blow  given  on  the  punch.  Select  a  hollow  punch  to 
make  a  hole  corresixmding  to  the  ring.  See  that  the  bull  is  tied 
securely,  if  not  thrown  and  secured,  and  let  the  assist^.nt  hold 
the  piece  of  wood.  Set  the  punch  in  the  opposite  nostril,  low 
enough  so  it  will  not  cut  the  cartilage  (gristle)  of  the  nose,  and 
strike  a  smart  blow,  forming  the  hole.  Put  in  the  ring,  set  the 
screws  tight  and  tne  work  is  done.  Some  burn  the  hole  through 
the  partition  by  using  a  red-hot,  pointed  iron.    Have  an  assistant, 


DISICASKS  OF  CATTLE 


537 


.,;,1,  a  Klovo  on  his  hand,  take  hold  of  the  nose- and  stretch  it 
,:„,vard  to  oix.n  tlve  nostrils,  th.  >  push  the  iron  through  and 
jtrk  it  hack  qnickly. 

DEHORNING— This  consists  in  the  application  of  some 
substance  to  the  buddir^  horns  of  calves  that  will  prevent  their 
..rowth  or  in  the  removal  of  the  horns  by  some  snr^Mcal  ..per. 
^ion  'it  is  lx:tter  to  remove,  or  prevent  the  growth  of  horns 
'in   calves   than   to   wait   nntil  the  animals  have  attained  their 

^''""rhe  best  method  of  removing  the  horns  is  to  apph"  Caustic 
Potash   to  the  buddins  horn   as  soon  as  the  Imtt.m  can  be  felt 
heneaththeskinonthe  head   of   the  calf;   withm   a  week   alter 
birth    The  hair  ^honld  be  clipped  off,  the  skin  over  the  unmalnre 
born  wet,  and  .hen  well  rubbed  with  the  slick  of  Caustic  Pota.h; 
the  fingers  iK^iuK  well  protected  from   it  by  wrapping  the  stick 
.vith  a  paix.r.     In  applying   the  Caustic,  use  care  to  cover  the 
whole  button,  for  after  the  horn  is  started,  ,t  is  d.fficul   to  remo^  e 
with  Caustic.     Kub  each  button  for  alx>ut  a  quarter  of  a  mmute, 
kt  it  drv,  then  wet  the  stick  of  Caustic  a  little  and  rub  agani  the 
same  length  of  time.     Do  not  get  too  wet,  or  the  Caustic  may 
run  down,  making  a  large  sore,   or  get  into  the  eye.       It  is 
,nnch  better  to  use  the  Caustic  than  to  gouge  out  the  buttons,  as 

is  sometimes  done.  .      ,    .^i      i 

In  removing  the  horns  from  the  mature  animal,  the  beast  is 
confined  in  a  stanchion,  or  chute,  made  for  the  purpose,  a  halter  is 
,mton  the  head,  and  the  latter  paHtd  well  forward  and  to  one 
.ide   and  firmly  hekl.     The  horn  is  then  removed,  either  with  a 
.aw' or  with  a  d.ehorning   shears   made  for  that  purpose.     In 
removing  the  horn,  a  small  ring  of  the  hair  is  to  be  taken  off  with 
the  base  of  the  horn,  or  the  horn  will  grow  out  as  a  stub.     After 
the  horn  is  removed,  some  Pine  Tar  with  a  little  Carbohc  Acid  m 
,t    may  te  applied,  and  c  ,a>er  of  clean  cotton  batting,  which  has 
been  previously  heate.l  in  an  oven  for  a  half  hour  or  so   placed 
ov,  r  the  wound  to  stop  the  bleeding  and  keep  out  the  dirt        t 
l)leeding  is  bad.  apply  to  the  wound  with  a  small  brush  a  itt le 
MonseP*  solution,  or  sear  with  a  hot  iron,  or  take  hold  .he  bleed- 
i„,»e«iA<»  wltb  iiinc««  ««1  iw=^  U,.«.    OiUlte -hould  .»t  .>e 


i|i 


i      , 


TIII«:  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


li*  i; 


i\^ 


\r- ; 


•    ^H  I 


Nil  i 


?  ^ 


liii  li 


I 


i| 


»        ! 


bl    ;      r^     j, 


1  ■  (i 


ilflionifil  wlicn  lli'.  -  arc  liad,  :ui(l,  after  clL'honiiiif,\  should  iidt  In. 
alio  well  acci.-s  lo  iraw  stacks  where  they  can  get  chalT  into  tin.- 
woinids.  \\  hile  (k'horning  causes  pain  at  the  time  of  the  opera- 
tion, it  does  away  with  the  inflicting  of  pain  on  other  aninial>,  as  is 
a!-.)  :!pt  t)  be  tl:e  ca--e  \\  illi  s(juie  individuals.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  apply  the  cotton  to  tile  slu1>s  after  the  horns  are  removed,  and 
it  liest  not  he  done  unless  the  cotton  is  kept  very  clean  and  treated 
as  aliove.  If  il  :s  applied,  and  after  two  or  three  days  there  is  any 
indication  of  pus  collectinsj;  under  it,  remove  it  and  wash  the 
wound  with  an  antiseptic  solution,  turning  the  head  uii  side\vi>c 
to  let  any  ].us  run  out  that  may  have  formeil  in  the  ca\ity. 

CLEEDING.  — This  once  very  common  operation,  in  both 
the  human  family  and  the  lower  animals,  is  not  now  ]>erformed  at 
all  with  the  human,  and  is  fast  becoming  an  operation  of  the  past 
with  animals,  and  should  be  so  entirely,  as  it  has  no  virtue  as  a 
cnr:itive  a.ueiit. 

TAPPING  THE  CHEST.- This  operation  has  for  its 
object  the  removal  of  water  in  "  Ilydrothorax."  Clip  oil  the  hair 
from  a  six)t  alK)nt  tliree  inches  back  of  the  elbow,  and  on  a  level 
with  it.  Make  an  incision  through  the  skin  and  muscles  to  about 
the  de])th  of  two  inches,  being  careful  to  locate  it  so  it  will  pass 
between  two  rib-,  and  n(jl  loo  close  to  the  posterior  aspect  of  the 
front  one  of  the  two--as  near  midway  as  ])ossible.  Now  pass  in 
the  trocar  and  cannla,  withdraw  trocar,  and  leave  canula  to  draw 
off  the  water.  Should  any  substance  clog  the  canrda,  push  it 
awa\-  ^•.Itil  :\  jirdbe.  The  other  side  may  be  lapped  in  the  same 
w;iv.  A  horse  trocar  is  about  the  right  size.  The  antise]itics 
should  be  used,  freely  during  the  oiK-ration.  The  operation  should 
be  left  to  the  veterinarian,  as  it  is  not  always  ea>y  to  tell  when  il 
shouhl  be  performe<l.  The  after-treatment  is  to  apply  the  anti- 
septics to  the  wound,  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

TAPPING  THE  BELLY-^-This  operation  is  to  empty 
the  abdominal  cavity  in  case  of  "Ascites"  Make  the  incision 
ihrou'di  the  skin  in  the  center  line  of  the  belly,  just  back  of  the 
navel,  and  just  large  enouijh  to  admit  the  trocar  and  canula;  then 
insert  the  instrument  into  the  cavity  and  let  the  fluid  flow 'iff. 
The  same  principles  apply  as  in  "Tapping  the  Chest." 


DISKASIiS  OF  CATTLK 


53'J 


TAPPING  THE  BLADDER  OF  OX  OR  BULL.— 

Wlicn  It  is  necessary  to  draw  the  water  of  male  cattle,  an  opeuin- 
viu-^t  be  made  at  the  iJoint  where  the  urethra  turns  over  the  an^le 
uf  tlij  pelvis,  just  below  the  anus,  and  the  catheter  introduced  at 
Ibis  pcnnt.     The  incision  should  be  made  very  carefully,  and  no 
larger    than    is    really    necessary    to    introduce    the    instrument. 
Dress  the  wnund  with    a   3   percent,   solution  of  Carbolic  Acid, 
luice  daily.      If  it  is  desired  that  the  opening  heal  up  at  once, 
it   is  advisable   to   take    a  stitch   in  it.      Sometimes,   when    the 
urethra   is  obstructed  below,  it  is  left  open,  the  animal  urinatin;.; 
at  this  point.     The  curve  of  the  urethra  canal,  when  penis  is  not 
,,n,trnded,  is  what  makes  this  operation  necessary,  as  it  renders 
the  introduction  of  the  catheter  by  the  penis  impossible.     The 
i,perati(jn  should  be  left  to  a  veterinarian. 

TAPPING  THE  PAUNCH,  OR  RUMEN.— This  is  an 
tiperatiou  performed  u.  relieve  animals  in  severe  cases  of  "Tympa- 
i.iles.  or  Hoven,"  when  medical  treatment  is  of  no  avail. 

I'in.l  the  center  of  a  triangle  ma<le  by  the  last  rib,  the  anterior 
x)intof  the  hip,  and  the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  spmes 
;ii  the  left  side,  or  where  the  bloat  is  most  jiroininent.  Insert  the 
rocar  at  this  iK.int,  directing  it  downward  and  inward  obliquely, 
,u,l  it  will  p.iss  directly  into  the  paunch.  PuU  the  trocai  out  and 
the  i;as  will  escape  tlirough  the  canula.  Puncturiug  is  not  a 
serious  oper:u;..n  in  cattle,  and  in  cases  of  great  distension  should 
be  IK  rformed  without  hesitancy  or  delay.  Relief  is  almost  instan- 
t  uieon.,.  The  lion.e  trocar  and  canula  is  large  enough  for  cattle 
(  see  cuts  ui  instruments,  Misckllankot'S  Dki'.\ktmknt).  ^  Have 
,he  point  of  the  trocar  sharp  and  use  the  antiseptics  on  instru- 
,!u-nt  and  ix.int  of  t,q)p,ing.  I' very  stockman  shoidd  have  a  trocar 
11  ;d  canula. 

RUMENOTOMY.— The  operation  of  opening  the  paunch, 
or  rumen,  in  cattle  and  the  removal  of  the  contents  of  the  same 
llirough  the  opening,  is  called  rumenotomy.  It  should  only  hs 
performed  where  the  paunch  is  excessively  overloaded  and  dis- 
tended. Clip  the  hair  over  the  point  on  the  left  side,  described  in 
"Tapping  the  Paunch,  or  Rumen,"  and  make  an  incision,  running 
up  and  down,  lar.^e  enough  to  admit  the  hand.     Use  the  Cocaiue 


-'Li 


u\ 


H  .1 


sil 


54° 


Till';  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


soliuioa  (^cc  Oi'iiRATiONS,  HoKSF.  I)i-M'ART.mI'.nt).  open  fll>l 
the  skin,  then  the  muscles,  and  then  Ih^^  wall  of  the  paunch. 
Insert  a  clean  towel,  wet  in  the  aniiscptic,  and  arrange  it  to  cover 
the  lower  edi;e  and  part  of  each  side  o*^  the  woniid,  to  keep  the 
food  from  falling  into  the  alKU>nilnal  canity  Now  remove  from 
the  painich  with  the  hand,  half  or  nicte  of  the  material. 

Wash  the  edges  of  th'^  wound  w'ith  a  little  Curbolized  warm 
water  and  sew  it  up  with  cat-gut  sutures.  Sew  up  t!ie  paunch 
first,  putting  in  the  stitches  quite  clo.se  together;  then  the  nnis- 
cles,  then  sew  up  the  skin  with  silk.  Dress  the  whole  with  3  per 
cent,  lotion  of  Carbolic  Acid  and  water,  keeping  the  parts  wet 
nearl}-  all  the  time.  The  cat-gut  sut'ires  will  he  absorbed.  I'eed 
animal  on  light,  laxative  diet  for  a  week  '>r  more,  and  give  0 
lablespoonful  of  Saltpeter  two  or  three  times  a  day.  The  opera- 
tion should  always  be  left  to  the  veterinarian  when  he  can  pos- 
sibly be  had. 


CASTRATION.— See  "Castration"  In  Diseases  oi- Ckn- 
ERATiVK  Okgans  ok  the  Bull  (page  457). 


i  t     • 


SPAYING. — This  is  an  oix>ration  to  remove  the  ovaries  of 
the  cow.  In  ytmng  heifers  it  is  best  done  in  the  tlaiik.  Tast  the 
anima*  twenty-four  hours.  Secure  the  animal  in  the  stocks. 
Clip  the  hair  from  the  same  place  as  for  "Runienctomy,"  and 
make  an  incision  through  the  skin  and  xnuscles  into  the  abdominal 
cavity,  the  same  as  in  that  operation,  large  enriugh  to  admit  the 
hand.  The  rumen,  being  partially  enrpty,  will  be  forward,  out  of 
the  way;  pass  the  hand  in,  down  and  back  and  find  the  womb, 
follow  it  up  to  i!;e  end  of  the  horn  and  find  the  ovary,  one-half 
the  size  cf  a  man's  thumli;  pass  in  a  long  ecraseur,  slip  the  ovary 
through  the  loop  in  tlie  chain  and  take  it  off,  the  same  as  the 
instrument  is  used  in  castrating  colls.  Be  careful  and  do  not  drop 
the  ovary.  Take  oif  both  ovaries  through  the  s.ime  opening. 
Stitch  up  the  mnscles  with  catgut,  the  skin  with  silk,  the  same 
as  in  "Rumenotomy;"  the  after-treatment  is  also  the  same. 

Cows  can  W-  ojxratetl  upon  through  the  vagina.  Peritonitis 
sometimes  follows  the  oj^eration,  in  which  case  the  symptoms 


DISKASKS  OI-  CATTL]-: 


S-M 


^„d  lrcalin.iil  would  be  the  same  as  ^ivcn  urder  that  head.  This 
"ll  rlrdy  happu,  if  .nt.sq.l-os  arc  used  freely  throughout  the 

''^Tr  oi>e,ati.n,  should  Ix.  left  to  the  veterinarian,  ,.  sl>nul<l 
not  be  attempted  at  least,  untd  after  it  has  been  seen  performed  a 
number  of  times. 

CiESAREAN    OPERATION.  -This   is   sometimes    de 
,„,,nded    when  the  ^li.tortion  and  ,   .rowing  of   the  hip  bones  are 
ich    stoforbuUhe   passage  of   the  calf,  or  .-^.en  n.flanunat.on 
has  pract.caUv  closed  the  natural   passages  and   the    progeny   ,s 
:  r    valuable  and  .-orthy  of   being  saved  than  the  da.u;  also  m 
ses  in  which  the  cow  has  been  fatally   mjured,  or  ,s  d    beyond 
."ibihty  of  recovery  and   > et   carrie.  a   hvu.g  ca  f       It  .s    o-. 
;^  a  lit  resort  after  long  and  fruUle.s  eftorts  to  cWhver  by  the 
nU  na  channel.,  and  in  such  case,  the  saving  of  the  ca  f   .S  al 
t  can  be  expected,  the  exhausted  cow,  already  the  subject  of 
'tive  intlanuuation,   and  tun  often   also  of   putru    po.sonmg    .. 
V      ually  beyond  hope.     The  hnpe  of   .aving   the  .lam  ,s  grea    st 
'  ,„  dn.  good  health  and  not  fatigued,  in  ca.es.    -  --.pK^ 
in  which  the  <.pc-ralion  is  resorted  to  on  account  of  broker  lap 
l,ones  or  abnormally  narrow  passages. 

The  .tuck  owner  wdl  not  attetnpt  .such  a  ser.otis  operation  .  . 
ads  Yet,  where  tb-c  n.-ther  has  just  died  or  is  to  be  nn,nedux.e  y 
^^nc^d  no  one  should  hesitate  at  resorting  to  rt  u,  order  t,> 
;  .  ^  alf.  If  the  cow  is  to  be  .acrificed,  a  blow  on  the  head 
viUr  a-<  will  secure  quietude.  Then  the  prompt  cuttmg  n.to 
ab  omen  and  womb,  and  the  extraction  of  the  calf,  rc^imres  no 
Ikdl  The  operation  to  save  both  cow  and  calf  requires  pro^es- 
sioTud  skill,  hence  will  not  be  descrd,ed  here. 

SUTURES  AND  BANDAGES.-Sutures  are  used  in 
se-viuc  wounds  whene^er  it  is  desned  to  hold  the  edges  together, 
^^'^^ral  generally  used  is  silk,  doubled  .mce  or  twic.^ 
nv.ke  the  cord  large  to  prevent  '^  f-nn  riding,  m..  cat  g  u 
s  aso  used  ■  ir  should  be  used  where  stUches  cannot  be  taken  out. 
1    k  w  1  be  absorbed;  guitar  or  violin  strings  answer  mcely  for 


51- 


TIIIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


^■■■^ 


li.uk  from  the  cJ^*-'  "^  wound,  and  tic  so  tlu'  (.dj^'cs  arc  JMst 
lirou^ht  togctliLT,  Ica\-in};  tlic  cnd^  alioul  oiic  I'.alf  inch  in  k-n^th. 
liaiidaycs  are  particnlarl.v  usctul  in  woinidson  the  Ic^s,  sinco 
tliLic  the  ^ltitches  will  almost  ahvn  -s  jiiill  out,  unless  thus  rein- 
forced.     For  (jther  details  on  the  subjects,  see  Oi'i.KATioNS  in 

the  lIoRSl-;  DlU'AKTMK.NT. 


J  '■ 


GIVING   MEDICINE   TO  CATTLE.-(See  cut)~To 

^ive  cattle  medicine,  catch  thcni  1)_\-  the  uo>e,  the  thumb  in  one 
iio'^tril,  the  forefinger  in  the  other,  and  huii]  the  nose  uj)  oidy  a 
little  above  tlie  le\el,  and  keep  the  head  and  neck  stra!,v;ht  uiih 
the  body,  put  the  no/./le  of  the  bottle  in  the  mouth  and  poiu  the 
medicine  in  slowly.  If  the  head  cannot  lie  held  with  the  IkiiuI, 
put  tile  sprinj:j  ring  "bull  do^  "  in  the  n(i>e,  tie  a  rope  to  it  and 
I'Ut  the  other  end  of  the  rope  throUi:h  a  rint;  overhead,  and  the 
head  can  be  held  up. 


1  m 


•r-     !| 


' 


yiil 


^r-'i 


*?« 


mi 


m  .■  i; 


GIVING  THE  SHEEP  MEDICINE 
Uo  not  raise  the  nose  but  a  little. 


SHEEP 

DISEASES  AND  THEIR  TREATMENT 


CATARRH,  OR  COLD  IN  THE  HEAD.-Tlus  .s  a,. 

;nn:.m,nalion    of    the  mucnus  nK.ul.r.uK-  which   lines  the  nas.l 
passages,  and  whi.h  s.-uielinus  extends  down  into  the  throat. 

Cmc^  -Kxposure  in  col<i  rains  a.id  sket,  cspc-cially  duriuK 
he  fall  and  .pri.ig  seasons.  It  also  occurs  dur.ns  the  wa.^lun,, 
iud  shearing  time. 

S,;;,M.;./5.- There  is  a  discharj^e  fro.u  the  nose,  and  alTeeted 
,ninml  keep,  snuffling,  sneezing  and  coughing;  does  not  eat  or 
fed  well. 

'^'"'i^^  ull^urse  is  to  prevent  such  trcihle  by  not  having 
,,u.e  r.-d  ronifortable,  well  ve,>tilated  <i.'.arters,  that  ni  had 
.eUher  arc  ahvavs  accessible.  w.H  u>u..lly  effect  a  cure  .athout 
anv  further  treatment.  Incase  it  wdl  not  yield  to  this  featment. 
i;ivo  the  following  mixture. 

Saltpeter ^ 

Sullpliur -^ 

Gentian  Root,  pdwdLiL-l  4 

A/!X  an<l  ^;ivc■t^^i^■ca.l.>^,  I   (.-...p.^mf..!  u. 

ilr,  U:<:<\:  cr  if  it  will  n..t  e.t,  .^lakcii  w.tli  wVei 

fii.m  a  boUle. 

Or  ,.ive  •  .  t.Mspoc.nlul  doses  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  3  t"T,cs  a 
.',v  in'^its  iced,  or  -lis.olved  in  water,  iunn  a  bolllc.  t..ve 
.oh  food,"  keep  d.y,  and  wash  oil  -'V '^'-"f^-  ^^^^^^  r;:^;;:^ 
late  about  the  head.  In  very  bad  c.ses  with  valuable  unmal., 
steam  the  head  as  recomraended  for  the  horse. 

DISTEMPER,  OR  EPIZOOTIC  CATARRH.  Malig- 
nant, epizootic  catarrh  is  a  disease  that  is  :u:cou,itable  for  tlu.  o^ 
of  many  thousands  of  sheep.  In  the  n.al.gnant  form  t  is  a  c  on- 
gestion  and  inflammation  of  the  nasal  cavities,  extending  some- 

times  into  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

543 


%  .. 


'W  ' 


5;  1 


Tin:   IkACTICAI,  STOCK   DOCTOR 


%l 


.S'i«,/)A'w/>.  At  Jii^l  ihiii;  iii.i\-  he  only  a  iuimI  <liMli;irKi-', 
anun.il  .i|i[n..u^  ihiU  .iiul  tlrooping;  the  tyts  nm  a  little  and  are 
prirtially  i  IumcI;  tlic  pulse  is  sliyhtly  iiKreaMv I  in  frc']\tiui  y  and 
is  l,in>;ui(l;  tiiorc  i»r  loss  loss  of  appetite;  l»reatliiii>;  is  not  affciled 
iinkss  tile  lirotiehial  tract  is  involved.  After  a  few  days,  unless 
rL'lieve<l,  the  syniptnms  heeoine  aggravated;  the  nasal  discharge 
is  thick  and  ^lutinou-.  and  sometimes  tinned  with  Mood;  the  eyes 
are  nearly  closed,  with  a  thick,  yellow  secretion  about  them, 
■fhere  is  j^Tfat  prostration  and  emat-iation;  thejiiil-e  is  very  weak; 
respiration  is  ditiicult;  no  appetite  and  animal  soon  dies. 

Treatment. — 

Put  the  sheep  in  warm,  well  ventilated  j)lace,  and  if  howels 
are  costive  give  the  following: 

CarlK)!i:itc  .\iiimuuia i  (niiic-f. 

Rliuli.irl) I 

CiUKer .•  .miK-fs. 

Ck-ntian a 

Simmer  Klui!>urli,  <".iiii;i.r  ain!  Gentian  for  15 
tiiiiiutos  in  I  <ju.irt  ul  whUt,  ami  when  col<'  add 
the  .\mmonia  and  cork  hotde. 

Ave-  2  t.ibk'spoon^lnl  thne  times  a  day. 

AIm)  give  ':•  leaspoonful  doses  of  Saltpeter  and  15  to  20  drop 
doses  of  I'luid  Ivxtract  Hella(hmna  three  times  a  day.  Give  good 
nonri>hing  food  and  drink,  for  \vith(jnt  care  medication  is  not 
of   much  value.      Steam    the  head  as  described  in  Horsk    Di-:- 

lAKI'MKNT. 

HYDATIDS  OJ^  THE  BRAIN.— The  bladder  worm_ 
which  is  the  cause  of  this  disease,  is  one  of  the  larval  stages  of  the 
tapeworm.  The  disease  is  spread  by  dogs,  which  eat  the  head  of 
sheep  that  have  died  of  this  disease,  and  through  their  excrement 
spread  it  in  fields  and  pastures  where  sheep  run,  where  it  is  taken 
into  the  mouth  in  grazing.  Dogs  should  not  be  allowed  to  eat 
•.lULuoked  lieaas.  nor  prowl  in  strange  pastures. 

Symf>fP?^n.— Animal  lias  a  dull,  moping  way:  will  separate 
from  the  flock;  is  unsteady  in  gait,  and  will  sometimes  stop  sud- 
denly and  fail,  and  at  other  Limct.  luu  acrosa  the  field,  paying  no 


1»ISI-: ASI.S  <  •!■    sill  11' 


54- 


heed  to  ff'HL"  o 


r  ilittli;  :ifur  tlu'  ( 


;li 


h.is  L\i.-t«.«l   tur   M)inu 


tiim-,  \\i 


11  almost  con-iatitly  iiimvc 


lU    a   (.  !t(.lL-. 


TkKATMI  NT. 


WIkii  til.'  ha/.ai.l.itul.iiuiiy  .ilttiul.ni;  .ui  u 


.ctatioll  art-  toll- 


Irnd,  as  w.  U  a:.  th>-  liabilit 


Sll 

in  the  ca 
animal. 
In  tht 


V  < 


,f  a  uiuin  nf   i!iL-  tnaibU-.  (-sc 


Lfpt 


,:  uf   \aluaMi- 


th 


-,1  was    v.i'U 


1,1  lie  to  kill  the 


<il    va 


luaM. 


hydatid  and  removes  it  by  an  (.peiatmn. 


APOPLEXY, 


-  \  ili-iM-i   th  It  is  ^eiKi.iUy  e 


.•letnia 


riaii    Ixati--  the 


,nliuiil   to  fat 


or  we 


■U-condilioned  >lKcp 


Svmpli 


'o»is. 


The  slu  11.  leaps  Irantieally  int..  the  air  two 


or 


lashes  itself  on  the  j'.io 


three  times,  < 

dies  in  a  few  uiinntes. 

Tku.\tmhnT--  - 

When  a  fat  ^h' ep  s.ems  .1 


innd,  then  snddenly  ri^,es,  ant 


id  and  pallidly  ni 


iconscious  of 


snrronndin>;s;    nosttil 


ul    p::p 


(.1   I  \' 


)f  the  nu--edet  pie 


A< 


■%-iola;  I 


lati'd;   membranes 
•  h.ird  and  iiualluii*.;  sterloroiii; 


ipply  eold  water  <.r  ponndi 


1  I,,-  to   thi    In  ad   and  ,i;ive   20  drop 


(iuS\  S  < ' 


f  Fluid  I'.xii^ 


t  ot  i;eii 


'■la    e\erv    h<a 


;r    t'.r 


tlir 


re   or 


lour  iloses,  then  oii<  e  in 


th 


four  1 


loin  ■ 


il-o  ^ive   2  ounces 


Iq.M.m  ealts, 


lis,  and  follow  tl 


lis  w 


ith  an  onni  e  e\<  ly  bi\.  hours 


till 


full  evacuation  of  the  bowels  is  s>  cur. 


.1. 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN.  -Is  cau>ed  by 
the  same  c.m.litions  that  bun-  on  apoplexy  and  is  often  a 
.econdaiy  effect  of  that  disease.  The  sheep  is  di:  1  nn.l  ma.Uve; 
.ves  a.end  aiul  pr..tT.idinR.  and  a.  the  .yniploms  l,e<  ..me  inlen.i- 
n'ed,  the  animal  rushes  about  m  the  wildest  delirinm.  The  gen- 
cral  treatment  is  the  same  a-  in  apoplexy. 


SWELLED  HEAD. 


finni  a  vaiietyof  causes     snakes, 


raw-Tfi.— This  may  ari- 
insects,  etc. 

^""TS'cZ.^  snakeslhe  anim.d  is  nsnally  dead,  but  in  case 
of  venomous  insects,  cut  the  wool  away  from  the  affected  parts 


fiiiiiiir^ 


k  . 


'-r  •-;     t 


if 


^m  *■ 


m 


54^ 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ami  hatlicwilh  stnm-    Saleralus  water,  or  Ammonia  water,  and 
give  iutcrually,  if  necessary,  the  following  initil  relieved: 

Chloral  llyarate 'A  drachni. 

Soft  Water ' 

Afi.x.     Repeat  every  hour  as  needeil. 

TETANUS,  OR  LOCK-JAW.— 

rawirs— There  are  varions  causes  for  this  trouble,  as  inflam- 
mation after  castration,  injury  to  horns  and  hoofs,  or  from  a 
wound  in  any  part. 

.S>;///i/c-wi.— If  alile  to  walk  at  all,  the  animal  does  so  with 
great  difficulty;  muscles  become  hard  and  limbs  stiff,  the  jaws 
become  set,  and  death  generally  follows 

TKKATMliNT.— 

Medical  treatment  is  of  but  little  avail,  the  malady  bemg 
usually  fatal.  Put  the  animal  in  a  dark  place  alone.  Then  give 
three  times  a  day  20  drops  I'luid  I'.xtract  Belladonna  on  the 
tongue.  Warmth  and  quiet  are  necessary.  When  worse  symp- 
toms are  over,  give  gruel  and  soft,  nourishing  food. 

PARALYSIS,  OR  PALSY.— Paralysis,  or  palsy,  is  a 
diminution  or  loss  of  the  powers  of  motion  in  some  part  of  the 
body.  It  is  somewhat  rare,  Init  sometimes  occurs  in  the  case  of 
poor  lambs,  poor,  pregnant  ewes,  aud  in  those  who  have  just 
lambed. 

5)7M/>/c7ws.— The  animal  seems  to  have  lost  all  strength  in  its 
loins"  and  the  liindquart.rs  are  powerless;  it  makes  ineffectual 
attempts  to  rise,  but  cannot  stand  on  its  feet. 

Tkk.vt.mknt. — 

Make  the  animal  warm  and  comfortable.  Give  warm  gruel 
and  a  little  (anger  as  a  stimulant.  Three  times  a  day  give  20 
drops  Fluid  ICxtract  Nux  Vomica  in  a  little  water,  and  continue 
treatment  for  two  or  three  weeks.  11  severe,  clip  off  the  wool 
And  apply  a  Ulster  of: 

Spanish  Fly '  '^"'^^"'■ 

Lard '  o""^"- 


DISEASES  OF  SHEEP 547 

\long  the  spine  from  hip  to  shoulder,  leaving  on  24  hours.     In    _ 
iuost  cases  it  would  be  more  economical  and  eciually   humane  to 
kill  the  animal  at  once. 

HYDROPHOBIA,  OR  RABIES.  Sheep  are  very  liable 
to  be  bitten  by  dogs  that  are  wandering  in  the  grip  of  that  dread 
disease.  The  dog  and  all  sheep  attacked  should  be  killed  at 
once. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  EYES,  OR  OPHTHAL- 
MIA.— In  cases  where  there  is  serious  iniiammation,  apply  to  the 
eyes  the  following  wash: 

Nitrate  of  SiUcr 5  grains. 

Soft  Water >    ""'!<:'-'• 

Laudanum '5    drops. 

Dissolve  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  in  the  Water 
and  add  the  L.iu(laiium. 
Bathe  eyes  with  hot  or  cold  water  three  times  a  day.  and 
apply  lotion  with  a  camel's  hair  brush  twice  a  day.     Equal  parts 
of  finely  pulverized  Boracic  Acid  and  Calomel  is  good  to  dust  into 
the  eye. 

SORE  THROAT.— 
Causes  -Are  similar  to  those  of  Catarrh. 
Symptoms.-Th^TC  is  swelling  and  soreness  about  the  throat; 
the  animal  stands  with  nose  held  elevated,  and  coughs,  flinching 
as  though  to  save  itself;  when  drinking,  the  water  returns  through 
the  nose. 

Rub  the  throat  well  with  stimulatmg  liniment.  Feed  with 
soft  food  placed  so  that  the  animal  can  eat  with  most  comfort. 
("■ive  the  following  mixture: 

Saltpeter 4  ounces. 

Sulphur 4 

Alum ^       " 

Camphor  Ouni 3 

Make  iuto  paste  with  molasses  and  Hour,  and 
t'ive  a  teaspoonful  on  the  tongue  three  or  four 
times  a  day. 
Steam  head  as  in  Catarrh. 


i 


->?:.( 


'^V 


THE  I'RACTICAl,  >TuCR  DOCi'OK 


,-i    i  "• 

1    M 


f  •■><!  ■  I 


|i|i 


BRONCHITIS.  -This  is  an  iiitlaiiunaLiou  of  the  bronchial 
tubes,  or  air  l)as^agl.■s  of  the  lungs. 

Liiitdi.^. — Arc  the  .  .nut:  as  llK^t:  of  okis. 

^>w/'/.w/5.—Th..-  ^.ii:k-  lo  in  colds  in  a-.-i.ivalcd  loini,  ami 
attciulcd  with  more  fcvcr,  r.q.id  pnLc  and  a  tcudorness  of  the 
throat  anvl  belly  when  pre^-ed  upon.  Animal  will  lie  down  most 
of  the  lime,  and  a  whev.'im;  -cnnd  is  heard  at  the  bottom  of  the 
whidpipe.     Normal  .temperature  of  sheen  i?  i"-'   ,  puNe  45. 

TllIIAT.MHNT.— 

Keep  animal  (luict  in  a  comfortable,  well-ventilated  place; 
Kivc  cold  water  in  Mnail  4ii:nitilies,  with  hot  m ash es  and  nourish- 
ing food.     Give  as  a  drench  Uirec  times  .■.  day  until  better: 

S\v';ijt  Spirits  of  Niter 'jounce. 

Fhiiil  r.xtr.ict  of  Aconite  Rwot 3  ilrops. 

l-'Uu.l  I';\tr.-ict  of  r.ell.iil<-'niia...ioto  2u       " 
,1//.r  in  ii  tfac.il't'.il  tM.'i'l  w.itcr,  and  .In  not 

raise  lieiul  t:'o  lii.v;li,  lu^r  .ill-w  :ini:ii.il  t..  l-e- 

i-oiiir  .'.!.. Ve.1.      After  two  or  tliice  .ii>-;,  'Iro;. 

out  Acoiii^raii.l  \nV:  j  ihopr.of  i'luM  Lv'itruLl  of 

lH,L;it  ilis  n  it^  \'..'X^. 


Tf  very  weak  .-'.ive; 

\Vlii:k.> 

(linger 

Oaliiuiil  <-nicl 

Kept  it  tline  liiiic  .  ,1   <!.iy, 

2.   Bronchitis.     C.ive  salt  in  d( 


.(  t..blc:-["'01lfulb 

s  le  ir.i'oonful. 

,'.:  pint. 

)f  from    Jj  to  -■ 


If,:).  I 


v.ith  6  to  S  ounces  of  Lime  Water  ;.;iven  at  ^onie  other  time  of 


day 


FILARIA  BRONCHITIS. 


t;i«5rx.— This  disease  is  caused  !)y  the  presence  of  wc^mis 
iShv'^i^n-'.'/^  l-'iluria),  which  are  found  in  the  bronchial  tubes,  the 
windpii)e,  and  sometimes  in  the  lutigs. 

Sympioms.—Th^rv  is  a  dry,  husky  cough;  quickened  breath- 
ing, loss  of  appetite  and  Oesh,  and  animal  will  rnh  its  nose  on  the 
rro'tnul;  dysentery  with  fetid  discharRcs  may  be  present.  On 
examination  wunir.  may  be  fonad  in  lower  end  of  wmdp-ipe  and 
in  the  tube>  which  branch  from  it. 


disi;asks  of  shhkp 


549 


TkIvVTMICNT. 

Givo  t!;e  foUow'.n,.'; 

S„l,l,,t.fV-n'— ^  "•";;;'•''■ 

XIUntcnnNitnsh ^ 

Sulphur 

.   .           CI,                                 ...   I  ounce. 
Sulphdteof  Iioii 

f,..,l  once   a   dav  fnr  on.   -.v,  eV .     ^^•.•ul   three 

run.  sJphii^'or  T!.:i,.:;une  .<>  sluep  wHl  >nl.ale  the  fumes, 
c,Mvin;,;  about  the  sln-..-lh  t'.nl  a  man  could  stand. 

2,  Filaria  Bronchitis.. -CVve  as  a  drench  every  third  day 

until  cured:  ,/  ounce. 

Turpentine + 

I.insceit  Oil " 

Mix  to;;;ethcr. 

3.  Filaria  BronchitiS.-Inject  nito  the   wiudpipe   with  a 

hvpodermic  syringe  the  folltAviuK: 

Carbolic  Ad.l ^'^'^J''- 

Chlor..f..rr.i '*      ^^ 

Turpentine '^ 

^,.  '     ,  ,  I  drachm. 

OhveOil  ,        •    1 

Insert  the  lucllc  of  th-  syriuKe  into  the  vvind- 
pipe  hetuoeii  tv.-o  of  th-  rini^s,  well  toward  the 
upper  p:u-t.  nnd  inject  slowly. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  :.TJ  NGS;  PNEU- 

MONIA.-  ^.„   .  . 

Cunrs  -I-.xrosur.  Xn  sudden  rcld,  or  fnnn  gettinR  chilled  ,n 
1  cold  rain,  or  from  ueglectt.l  cold  in  ibc  head. 

Sr>./^/o»,.    -Anhnnl  is  dtdl  and  ceases  to  ruminate;  no  appe- 

,„e   but  drinks  ^reeddv  nn,i  its  breathin,^  is  rapul  and  labored; 

.;'ilcloudcd;   teeth  are  .roun.l   together  to  be  Heard   at  sonte 

,.i.tan,-e;  pulse  at  tlrst  i^  rnpid  --'  l'-^'  ^-^  '"^^^'f '  ^^^  '' 
L  it  becomes  ue,,k.  XVlun  fever  i>  at  height  flanks  heave 
violentlv;  there  is  a  haul,  p.-inful  con.h  at  first,  which  becoines 
weaker  and  seetns  m.,ro  painfnl  in  the  In.t  stages.  I  wool  is 
parted  on  the  si<le  and  ear  placed  over  the  lunvi.  a  peculiar  >;rat- 
ing  sound  is  heard. 


il    1 


111 


550  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Tri:atment. — 

T'ut  the  animal  in  a  warm,  dry,  lutt  well -ventilated  place, 
and  if  recently  shorn,  cover  with  blankets,  otherwise  do  not,  but 
avoid  drafts.     Give  the  following- 

Sweet  Spirits  ..f  Niter ,'i  ounce. 

(- j„, ,^.r I  toaspoonful . 

Flui'l  I-.xtnu't  Ac'.iMte  Root 3  'Ir"ps. 

Fluid  I''Ntmit  P.in.-iil()nii:i 10  to  20 

,  WaUT 'A  P'"t- 

Repeat  three  times  a  day,  hciuK  careful  about 
cliolsinj;,  and  allow  plenty  of  time  in  takinj;. 
After  three  or  four  days  replace  the  Aconite 
with  Fluid  ICxtract  Oi-itdis,  5  to  8  drops. 

When  better,  if  very  wea.c,  give  the  followinR  stimulant: 

Whiskey 2  ounces. 

Cinjrer I  teaspo-mfnl. 

Gruel J-i  P'"t- 

Repeat  three  times  a  day  \mt'l  sheep  is  well. 

Mashes,  water  often,  but  in  small  (luantities,  and  good  care, 
count  for  much  in  the  treatment. 

SHEDDING  TEETH.— While  shedding  teeth,  when  from 
one  to  two  years  old,  there  may  be  a  cap  of  the  grinders  sticking 
on  the  new  tooth,  causing  trouble  in  eating. 

5)w/'/w«i.— Animal  does  not  thrive;  seems  willing  to  eat  and 
takes  food,  but  throws  it  out  again;  sometimes  will  be  noticed 
workii;-  the  tongue  around  in  the  mouth. 

Tkicatmicnt. — 

F.xamine  the  mouth,  and  if  there  is  a  cap  it  will  project  more 
than  thf  teeth  adjoining.  Remove  with  pincers,  and  animal 
will  soon  be  in  lietter  condition. 

FOREIGN  SUBSTANCES  LODGED  IN  THE 

TEETH.- 

ra«i«.- Sometimes  in  eating,  sticks  or  other  foreign  matter 

get  lodged  in  teeth. 

Svnipfojns.— Acts  peculiar  and  keeps  the  tongue  working 
around  trying  to  dislodge  the  offending  substance. 


DISEASES  OF  SHEF-P 


551 


Trkatmen'T.— 

Catch   and  examine  mouth,  removing  whatever  is   fouiul, 

either  with  fingers  or  pincers. 

LOSS  OF  TEETH  FROM  AGE-  It  sometimes  happens 
that  an  old  ewe  that  has  lost  some  of  her  teeth  is  with  lamb,  and 
owing  to  the  fact  of  having  only  two  or  three  front  teeth  she  gets 
thin,  and  there  is  ixior  prospect  of  her  wintering  and  of  yeanhig. 

Treatment. — 

Catch  the  animal  and  pull  out  the  few  front  teeth  so  that  her 

gums  may  meet,  and  when  healed  she  will  be  in  condition  to 

carry  through.     Tlie  few  teeth  interfered  with  her  catching  f<.<xl, 

'  and  with  these  out  of  the  way,  the  gums  will  meet  to  take  in  the 

food  for  the  grinders,  which  may  Ir;  in  fair  condition. 

CHOKING.— 

Ca?«f5.— Generally  from  eating  sliced  roots. 
Sympio}>ts.-kmma\   stops    feeding;    froths    at   the   mouth; 
coughs;  works  its  tongue;  eyes  are  blood-shot;  sometimes  bloating. 

Treatment.—  ,  t-i  -^ 

Give  a  swallow  or  two  of  melted  lard  with  20  drops  of  Fluid 
Extract  of  Belladonna,  Iwing  very  careful  not  to  choke,  and 
manipulate  the  obstruction  externally  with  the  hand,  to  move  il 
up  or  down.  If  this  plan  fails  use  the  probang,  as  described  in 
the  Cattle  Department,  using  the  utmost  care  and  gentleness, 
or  the  laceration  may  cause  lieath,  even  though  the  obstruction  be 
removed.  If  a  hollow  probang  is  used,  the  Lard  and  Belladonna 
may  be  poured  through  this  directly  onto  the  obstruction. 

BLOATING,  HOVEN,  TYMPANITES.— A  distension 
of  the  paunch  by  gas.  the  product  of  fermentation. 

Causes.— Vrom  being  turned  out  to  clover  or  other  succulent 
'ood  when  the  stomach  is  empty;  by  eating  frozen  roots  or  grass; 
y  chill  from  a  copious  drink  of  cold  water. 

Symptoms— kmm^\  is  uneasy,  keeps  getting  up  and  down, 
and  acts  distressed.     On  examination  the  left  side  will  be  found 


ill 


Sil 


3 


im 


I  lili 


552  THK  I'RACTICAT.  STOCK  DOCTOR 

to  hi.'  blontt  il.  If  tlu-  wool  over  tlic  panticli  on  left  side  be  sepa- 
ratfd  and  the  puiTcd-ni-.  sinfa'V  be  taj.pod  with  the  finders,  it  will 
'.;ive  back  a  hollow,  drum-like  hoiiiul. 

Tki;atmi;nt. — 

In  t.rdiiiciry  c-ase^  prolon^u-d,  but  gentle  driving  will  effect  a 
cure.    The  followin;;  is  n'.so  rcconmieiuled  for  ([uick  treatment: 

Kps  nil  Saltf 4  ounces. 

Swtcl  Spirit,  \'i..  r I2  ounce. 

H})><>sulvhilc  lit  Si"l '. '2  to     1       " 

Ginvrtrla  drachin  <  .iM,il-..aleasiioonful)     I  drachm. 

WaUr  1  pint- 

,;//  I-  and  :;i\L'  as  one  <Iose. 

If  not  relieved  in  one-half  hour  give: 

Turpcntino  U  ounce. 

R.uv  Lin     .-.i  Oil I  teacupful. 

il/;'  r  .ii'd  i;i\o  as  a  dri  tich. 

If  not  relieved  in  one-half  hour  give  as  a  drench: 

Aronnd'j  .-spirits  (if  Aniiunnia 2  teaspoonfuls. 

IIvrHisiilphiteof  Soda '2  to     i  (innce. 

(•,;,,,,,  f I  drachm. 

Rcpi  .it  eviry  two  limirs  until  rtliovi'd. 

When  animal  is  swelled  almost  to  bursting  and  will  not 
move,  it  is  belter  to  oik'U  the  paunch  at  once.  At  the  most  pro- 
tuberant point  of  ilie  distension,  on  the  left  side,  half  way 
between  last  nb  ami  iiip  bone,  after  having  removed  the  wool, 
plunge  the  trocp.r  rnid  cainila  forward  and  downward  into  the 
paunch.  The  ga.-,  ;aid  some  of  the  contents  will  pass  otit  through 
the  canula  when  trocar  is  drawn,  and  if  obstructed  by  solid  mat- 
ter, pu-h  aw.iy  with  a  ])robe.  ^\'l',en  ga-.  is  out  withdraw  cantda. 
A  flexible  jMobang,  <.r  in  default,  a  rattan  or  gmpe-vine  with 
:,:not  on  end,  may  be  gently  forced  down  the  gullet  and  the  ga.s 
allowed  lo  est  ape. 

IMPACTION  OF  THE  RUMEN,  OR  PAUNCH  — 

(•-„,/ c,-.?.  — From  the  animal  '-getting  food  that  it  is  not  accus- 
tomed lo,  such  as  jvrain:  and  eating  an  mmsually  full  meal; 
from  a  chanire  of  pislnre,  going  from  a  lean  lo  a  very  good  one; 


m-h 


UlrilvASUS  Ol-   SHia-.I' 553 

eating  a  poor  quality  of  ix.as,  straw,  or  duvcr  hay.  especially  if 
musty  or  over  rii)e,  is  said  to  cause  it. 

SymMo.,s.-^o  appetite;  looks  dull;  srutes  its  teeth;  does 
not  rlinate.  and  has  a  short.  ,uick  ..runt  in  '--^l-;^;,-"-f 
by  the  food  in  stomach  p.essiu.t;  on  the  lungs;  walks  about 
stupidly;  what  pas^ges  there  are,  are  hard  uud  dry.  By  pressmg 
the  hand  on  the  left  side  o^er  the  sLon.ach,  it  is  tound  hanl, 
tapping  on  the  spot  gives  a  dull,  heavy  sound,  showing  presence 
of  a  mass  of  food. 

Trkatmknt.— 

Give  the  following  to  move  the  bowels: 

».           en.                                     ...I  to    6  ounces. 
Ei)soiii  Salts ■*  ■•" 

_!  1  drachm. 

Gu'Ktr ••••;••• ,        .. 

Bicarboiwte  of  b'"l,i 

Sweet  Spirits  Niter 'A  ounce. 

Water '  P"^^ 

Give  as  a  drench. 
In  eighteen  hours,  if  it  does  not  oi>erate,  give: 

Turpentine  J^  o"^<=e. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil 'A  P'"*- 

Mix  and  ^ive  as  a  dri'tu  h,  an.l  it  no  relief  at 
the  end  of  twelve  hours  more,  repeat  the  first 
do.se. 
Also  give  three  or  four  times  a  day: 

riuiil  Kxtract  Nux  Vomica 20  drops. 

Flui.l  Kxtract  Jahorandi  I  teaspooufu  . 

Arouwlic  Spirits  of  Ainnumia 2  teasix>ontuls. 

And  if  much  pain,  2.  -  drop-  Fliud  I'xtract  of 
Belladonna,  in  'A  pi"*-  "^  water. 

If  much  weakened  give : 

,,_  .  ,  1  ounce. 

WHuskey ,  , 

„.       ,  I  teaspoonful 

Ginger \^ 

BicarlKMiate  Soda ' 

yi/i.i-  and  give  in   <A  pint  of  gruel.     Repeat 
three  times  a  d.iy  until  well. 

COLIC-STRETCHES.- 

Ca«5«.— Improper  food;  from  drinking  cold  water. 


li 


K*>m^.jdfim* 


554  THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  POCTOR 

S)t>i/y/o>ns. -The  animal  will  be  seen  lyin^  down  and  rising 
every  nionieiit  or  two,  and  constantly  stretches  the  fore  and  hind 
lej;s  so  far  apart  that  the  Mly  almost  touches  the  ground. 
Sometimes  when  lyiiiK  on  the  ground  it  will  strike  its  feet  up 
against  the  belly.     Appears  to  l)e  in  pain,  and  will  not  eat. 

Tke.xtmknt. — 

The  following  is  recommended  in  such  cases: 

Epsom  Salts 'A  ounce. 

Jamaica  GiiiRcr '  <lrachm. 

Essence  reppcnuint ^J  drops. 

^■■^ 

Fhii.l  Extract  Jahorandi      i  teaspoonful. 

Eluid  Extract  Nux  Vomica 2o  drops. 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna i,S 

Aromatic  Spirits  Ammonia 2  teaspooufuls. 

Water 'A  P>nt- 

Repeat  in  one  hour  if  necessary. 

The  salts  alone  may  effect  a  cure,  or  an  equivalent  dose  of 
Linseed  Oil  may  be  given. 

INFLAMMATION    OF    THE    BOWELS.  — Not    an 

uncommon  disease  among  young  sheep. 

Causes.  — Vrom  chill  from  over  exixjsure;  eating  foul  pea 
straw;  from  easing  too  much  snow;  or  irritating  food  of  a:iy 
kind. 

Sjwploms.-ThcTQ  is  severe,  continuous  distress,  causing  the 
animal  to  lie  down,  and  then  immediately  get  up  again,  only  to 
do  the  same  over  and  over  again;  pawing  with  one  foot  and  then 
with  another.  The  ears  and  extremities  are  cold,  and  pressure 
on  the  belly  causes  th^  animal  to  moan  as  in  pain.  Temperature 
elevated,  pulse  hard  and  rapid.  There  are  no  cessations  as  in 
colic  pains. 

Treatment. — 

Give  the  following  drench: 

Landanmn '/  """^e. 

Tincture  Aconite  Root 3  'Irops. 

Eluid  E^xtract  Belladonna '5 

Haw  Uu^ctd  Oi! H  r"'<. 


DISICASES  OF  SHKKP 


555 


Turn  the  animal  on  its  back  and  rub  in  on  its  belly  wbcrcthc 
,v<«l  is  short,  %  ix>und  Mnstard  wet  up  with  vineKar.  Afterward 
trrease  where  it  is  blistered.  If  a  ram.  l.e  careful  to  not  K^t  the 
n.ste  around  the  point  of  the  sheath.  Repeat  remedy  every  Uyo 
hours  until  relieved,  but  after  first  dose  leave  out  the  Linseed  Oil. 

STOMACH  WORMS.— That  sheep  are  troubled  with 
worms  more  than  the  ordinary  grower  imagines  is  beyond 
.mestion.  but  unless  present  in  large  (luantities  they  do  not  affect 
the  animal  enough  to  cause  attention.  Lambs  under  one  year 
old  suffer  most  from  this  parasite. 

5,wMw5— The  affected  animal  becomes  unthrifty,  runs 
down  in  flesh,  does  not  grow,  altliough  the  animal  eats  well; 
gets  weak,  hard  for  it  to  follow  the  flock,  and  at  last  is  apt  to 

have  diarrhea.  •        .1  • 

It  is  necessary  to  hold  a  post  mortem  to  determine  this 
disease  for  a  certainty,  and  if  these  worms  are  present  they  will 
be  fom.d  in  the  fourth  stomach.  They  are  small,  only  atout  }i 
of  an  inch  in  length,  and  of  a  reddi.sh  color,  so  may  In:  over- 
looked     If  a  number  of  animals  in  a  flock  are  unthrifty  it  is 

always  l)est  to  destroy  one  and  hold  a  post  mortem  to  determine 

which  of  these  parasites  are  present,  and  treat  the  entire  flock. 

The  sooner   treatment   is   commenced    the    more    successful   it 

will  be. 

Tl<E.\TMKNT.— 

As  a  preventive  use  in  the  salt,  when  salting  the  sheep,  a 
mixture  composed  of  equal  parts  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  and  Sul- 
phate of  Copper.  Add  about  i  ounce  of  the  mixture  to  the  salt 
required  for  each  40  sheep.  A  g<x)d  worm  drench  that  is  simple 
is  the  following: 


'4   ounce. 
4  ounces. 


Tiirpenliiii- 

Linseed  Oil 

Mix  and  give  as  one  dose,  after  fasting  the 
animal  eighteen  hours. 


•.!■■■ 


.*IHIIi^  *. "nilUjIll^Bna^ 


i. 


n 


\'\ 


liiiiii 


=156 


THE  FRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


The-  following  i?>  also  cITcctivc; 

Casolinr »  t-.l.'.i-VK'onfi.l. 

New  Mir, i  oimcts. 

.1// faiiiU''^'?  •'fl'-r  1'- '"^  aiiiin.il  tii^ln.ccu 
hours,  ;iu.l  n pe.it  fiu-h  si.,  .ud  iby  luiul  three 
d'lM-.-;  have   Ix-oii   i;i\i!i. 
Kroni  2  to4-omicc  dosc.  of  a  i   per  cvnt.  ^.(>luti..n  of  C.ul- 
Tar  Creosote  is  al-o  •-•..""l-     A  i  l^r  cciU.  M.huioii  i>  :    Coal-Tar 
Creosote,  I  ounce;   water,  .;  (|uail>. 

Sheep  aflceted  willi  this  para-Ue  shouM  receive  grain,  and  it 
is  good  to  give  with  this  a  mixture  of  ^'jo  il  parts  <;f  Sulphi.tc  ol 
Iron  and  vSulphate  of  C-pper.  The  d.^e  ..f  the  mixture  is  one 
oimceforeaeh  y- to  40  sheep;  di  solve  in  a  pint  of  water  and 
mix  evenly  with  bran  or  oats.  Cive  o"ce  or  i  ,ce  a  day  as  case 
requires  Give  two  weeks,  withhold  a  week ,  ai,  .  i.ive  again.  This 
may  be  used  in  connection  with  the  foregoing.  It  is  good  to  u.se 
occasionally  with  the  flock  as  a  i^reventive. 

TAPEWORMS.  The  tapeworm  is  mote  connnon  among 
sheep  than  Stock  owners  are  generally  a^vare,  and  their  presence 
may  not  be  stispecte.l  uidess  accidentally  found,  or  the  sheep  fall 
off  in  condition,  and  the  worm  foui'.d  by  post  m-rtem.  It  is 
most  common  amo-ag  young  sheep  but  xn.'.y  affect  the  older  ones. 
The  exact  source  froju  which  sheep  get  tapeworm  is  not  known. 
They  are  found  in  the  small  intestines. 

Svw/.Vw.?.— Animal  falls  oil  in  condition  and  the  eyes  have  a 
peculiar,  dull,  look;  has  a  good  appetite  but  does  not  thrive; 
may  be  thrown  into  convulsions  aiul  die  ni  a  short  tnue.  When 
these  conditions  are  present,  wat.h  the  droppings  for  the  presence 
of  tapeworms,  and  if  Hat  joints  ,-:  inch  lonj;  come  away,  the 
trouble  is  probably  found.  The  post  mortem  is  important  here. 
the  same  as  in  the  preceding  disease. 

Treatment. — 

Shut  the  affected  fheep  by  themselves,  where  tl'ey  can  be 
watched,  and  let  them  fast  eighteen  lunns.  Then  give  each 
affected  sheep  the  follov.ing  drench- 

Oil  M.ao  IVrn »  teaspoonfu  . 

Areci  Nut  IW.lcr 2  teu.poonfu  s. 

Turpentine '  tcasiK-onful. 


Raw  I.insced  Oil,  or  New  Milt.. 
Siialwc  v.hue  gi"="g' 


4  ounces. 


Ill 


DISEABr.3  OF  SUKKP 


557 


Feed  li.Muly  ana  watch  results.  Should  thc.c  l.c  no  action, 
repeat  in  two  or  three  days  after  another  eightcea-hunr  fast. 
Give  lambs  ;  j  the  above  dose. 

NODUI  AR  DISEASE.-This  is  another  internal  parasitic 
disease  of  .l.'op  and  laml.s.  It  is  characterized  by  the  presence 
i  the  walls  oJ  .1..-  intestines  of  sn,all  nodnks  ^•aryn,^  in  s,..e 
o  a  sn.all  to  a  lar^e  i.a.  When  cnt  open  the  ncxlnles  are 
;:;::d  to  contam  .  .reemsh.  cheesy  pns.  The  -  "^;;^--— ^ 
bv  an  innnalure  worm.  After  romaunnR  m  the  nounlc  tor  a 
,L  they  return  i.Uo  the  intestine  a.vl  develop  nUo  n  n.ature 
rrmabo-U  -.  of  an  inch  lon«.  When  the  nodules  are  few  m 
mnnlcr  tluy  ccr...  no  hann;  but  when  present  in  large  numbers 
;;;:;:  ^nu^e  serious  indanunation  of  the  intestinal  wall  and  mtcr- 
fere  with  diKestion. 

5,v.AV.».  The  outward  synn-toms  will  be  the  same  as 
,vi,h  stomaeh  worn.,:  it  takes  the  i>ost  n.orten.  to  d.>tn.gmsh 
between  them. 

*^''TirtrJat^e-U  is  less  satisfactory  than  with  the  otl^ers.  The 
same  as  reeom,nen.kd  for  stomach  worn,,  may  be  used;  also  use 
fhe  same  vreveiilive  measures. 

Shee  .  sh.uld  not  be  kept  on  low  pastures  or  on  the  sanre 
,,,U  re  c:.n.inuou<ly-or  year  after  year,  but  change  pasture  as 
,?te  as  l--il'le  'l-in,  the  sununer.  and  upon  d.fTeret.t  f.elds 
Zl  yeaJ  to  year.  Wean  the  lan-bs  early,  and  place  them  on  a 
past.ire  where  f    :  old  sh.-cp  have  not  been  kept. 

DIARRHEA.-Diarrhea  or  scours  ordinarily  manifests 
itself  by  the  amount  aiul  watery  condition  of  the  discharges. 

<^„„,,,  _Are  generally  due  to  improper  food,  as  bad  hay  or 
noxious  weeds;  or  to  a  sudden  change  from  dry  food  to  green;  to 
overfeeding,  or  to  cold,  wet  weather;  also  to  nUernal  parasites. 

^..„,,/o„,.-ln  sin,ple   form  the  thin,  watery  ^ischargets 
.bout  the  only  pronnnent  feature.     The  appetite  is  usxiany  good 
tXi  it  maybe  p>or;  there  is  ro  apparent  fever,  and  the  gen- 
eral  conditions  remain  imchanged. 


IliPtii 


}]:; 


558  THli  PRACTICAL  STOCK  I>OCT<')R 

Trkatmknt. — 

When  light  an',  not  long-continued,  no  remedy  is  called  for. 
and  confmcincnt  to  ilry  ffMMl  for  a  day  or  two  often  cures.  With 
laml)S  in  the  fall  it  is  more  serious.  If  severe,  and  if  mucus  is 
present  in  IheferLS,  give  a  mil<lcathartic,  as.  Rhubarb  '/j  drachm; 
or  I  ounce  Linseed  Oil;  or  '/,  ounce  Kpsoni  Salts.  Then  give  an 
astringent,  as  15  to  30  grains  Sulphate  of  Iron,  and  in  most  cases 
this  will  be  enough.     If  not  give: 

rreparfd  Chilli li  ounce. 

L,iU(l.ii.uin 3  to     4  tc.ispooiifuls. 

Tepid  Milk }i  pint. 

Afix  and  f,'ivc  twice  a  d.iy  for  two  or  three 

days,  which  in  ordinary  cases  will  .sufHce. 

Or,  in  more  serious  cases  prepare  the  fcdlowing: 

Cistor  Oil yi  '.-vupful. 

I.,audanuni /jounce. 

OhiKer I  drachm. 

nicarho.nnte  ot  S(xla.. ...     ' 

Tepid  Water ',i  ttacupful. 

Mir  and  Rive  as  a  drenc'i.  Repeat,  oniittini; 
the  Castor  Oil,  every  three  hours  until  relieved. 
In  very  bail  cises,  add  to  the  drench  J^  ounce 
Tincture  of  Catechu. 

DYSENTERY.— 

Cajtscs. — This  is  caused  by  an  inflammation  of  the  mutoui 
or  inner  coat  of  tlu'  intestines,  causing  an  abimrmal  increase  in 
the  secretions  and  a  morbid  change  in  character.  It  is  fre<iuently 
a  seciuence  to  diarrhea  and  arises  from  the  same  cause. 

Sr»ip/o»is.— There  is  fever;  appetite  is  variable,  but  generally 
none;  the  discharges  are  thin  and  watery,  but  adhesive  from 
presence  of  rmcus.  As  disease  advances  the  feces  are  tinged 
with  blocxl  and  the  odor  is  very  offensive.  Unless  relieved  the 
animal  wastes  away. 

Tkeatmf.nt.— 

Use  the  last  preparation  recommended  for  diarrhea,  and 
alternate  with  it  a  teasi)oon  nearly  half  full  of  Sulphate  of  Iron 
(copiieras)  dissolved  in  5^  pint  of  water. 


DISK  ASICS  OK  SHKKl' _559 

Give  ttaspoonful  doses  of  HUxxl  Flour,  or 

Corrosive  SuWiiimtc 4  grains. 

Wnter '  ' 

Aw  ;i  to  I  teaspoonful  every  three  «>r  four 
hours. 
This  last  is  very  poisonous,  aiul  due  care  must  he  taken  In 
its  use. 

FLUKE  DISEASE  IN  SHEEP;  ROT,  OR  LIVER 
FLUKE. 

Causes  -Small  flat  worms  (I-asciola  Ilepatica  and  Distoneum 
Lanceolatum)  in  the  liver,  called  the  liver  fiukc,"  are  the  cause 
of  this  disease. 

Symptoms  -There  is  tenderness  and  weakness  about  the 
loins;  dropsical  swellinRS  come  under  the  jaws  on  throat  chest 
an<l  belly;  eyes  are  yellow  as  in  jaundice,  a.id  if  the  skm  l^ 
rubbed  back  and  forth,  when  taken  up  between  the  thumb  and 
finKcrs,  it  is  soft  and  flabby,  with  a  crackhuR  sensation. 

Trbatmknt. — 

If  there  is  diarrhea,  weak  pulse  and  general  stupor,  remove 
to  a  hiKh,  <lry  pasture,  or  to  a  dry,  well-ventilated  place.  Prepare 
.n\d  fiivc  the  following: 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia %  1--^,,^ 

T"7^"»'"^- ;...,■,  pints. 

Water ^  \  » 

Miv  Magnesia  with  the  Water  and  a.liUhe 
TurDentiiie.  Cive  oiie-thir.l  .,f  the  aiiionut  for 
a -lose  every  two  days,  sUakiuK  the  bottle  each 
time. 

Follow  this  with  tonic: 

oatmeal 40  pounds. 

rowdere>l  Gentian 4 

Salt 4       ,, 

Sulphate  of  Iron » 

Mix-  anil  uive    '/t   pint   to  ea.h  sheep  once 
a  day  f.ir  a  week.    Wait  three  weeks  and  repeat. 

High  dry  pastures  and  salt  marshes  arc  destructive  to  the 
m.ke,  while  low.  wet  pastures  favor  the  t)erpetuation  ot  the 
disease.  This  disease  is  uncommon,  except  in  a  very  few  sections 
of  this  country. 


:* 


f  I 


|-»i 


mma^'  ■  iMm:^:ji.  is:^.::^^^  m^ 


1 . 


ill' :! 


\  '. 


56O 


Till'   PRACTICAL  v'^TOCK  DOCTOR 


GRUBS  IN  THE  HEAD.— What  is  known  as  "grub" 
is  the  larv  lo  of  the  oestrus  ovis,  or  ^ad-fly  of  the  sheep.  The 
young  Inrvae  is  deposited  t.y  tlie  fly  about  the  nostrils,  passes  up 
the  nasal  ca\ities  iiUo  the  siiuises  just  below  the  eyes.  This 
takes  place  in  July,  August  and  September.  The  larvae  remain 
in  the  sinuses  until  the  following  spring,  when  they  descend  and 
pass  from  tlse  11" 'Strils  and  enter  the  ground,  change  their  form, 
and  in  three  or  four  weeks  come  forth  as  the  adult  fly.  Tlie 
grul)s  cause  but  little  irritation  unless  a  number  are  present  in 
the  sinus.s,  wlieu  their  presence  may  be  indicated  by  sneezing, 
discharRc  from  no.:e,  dullness.  When  the  flies  are  troubling  the 
sheeji,  their  ]'rosence  may  be  known  by  the  action  of  the  animals. 
They  will  collect  in  clusters,  with  heads  inward  and  noses  thrust 
toward  the  ground,  and  into  it  if  anj-  loose  earth  is  available. 

TKrCATMl'.VT. — 

Previntive  treatmeTit  is  i)robably  the  best  treatment  that  is 
available  to  the  layman.  Keep  a  portion  of  the  field  plowed— at 
least  a  furrow— so  tliat  sheep  may  have  access  to  loose  soil. 
Smear  the  noses  once  a  ila\-  durinj;  the  season  with  Tar  and  Fish 
Oil.     An  old  remedy  to  dislodge  grubs  is: 

Scotch  SiiulT H  pound. 

lioilini;  W.UvT- 2  (juarts. 

Slir  ami  let  r'-'i.  Iiijnt  a  t.ililrspooiifiil  of 
this  liiiuid  iiili)  e.u  h  nostril,  and  repeat  three  or 
four  tiling  from  Ortolnr  to  J.imiary. 

An  easy  and  fairly  eflectnal  way  to  get  the  tar  onto  the  nose 
is  to  bore  a  nuiuber  of  large  auger  holes  in  a  log;  put  salt  in  the 
bottom  of  tlie  holes.  Atiu-  the  -iKcp  get  to  going  to  the  log  for 
salt,  put  Tar  and  Fish  Oil  around  the  holes,  and  it  will  get  onto 
their  noses. 


m 


SCAB.— 

Gutsr. —Sc:&>  is  a  cutaneous  disease,  analogous  to  mange  ... 
horses  and  itch  in  man.  It  is  produced  by  a  microscopic  insect 
that  burrows  just  ben<  ith  tl^-  "Utide,  producing  much  irritation, 
and  causing  the  cxn.lntion  of  a  watery  fluid,  which  in  drying 
forms  the  scab  that  brings  a-.vay  the  wool  in  larger  or  smaller 
patches. 


.^Dy^,!^ 


DISEASES  OF  SHEEP 5^ 

Svf'tpfoms.— Sheep  suffering  from  scab  are  exceedingly  rest- 
Icsv  rub  themselves  constantly  against  trees,  stones,  fences,  etc.; 
v.iu'bite  Its  fleece  and  scratch  with  its  hoofs;  the  fleece  becomes 
r'aRKed  and  drops  off.     It  is  very  contagious. 

Tri'.atment. — 

A  ver>'  cheap  and  effective  remedy  is: 

Creolin a  teaspoonfuls. 

Ram\Vater M'wt- 

Sliake  \«11  aii.l  ,u"  "H  "V'^r  ^''^  ^'^"h"  "f  ^^le 
...nima!    \vith   a   Wu>h.     K.-poit  ev.ry   seco.i.l 
(lay  until  the  disease  stops  an.l  the  wool  he^^ins 
to  grow. 
Or  the  fr.llowing.  wliich  is  in  Kreat  repute  in  Australia: 

Tuhacoo  I.v.ives 1°  r'™"'^«- 

Sulphur 1° 

Water &>  gallons. 

lioil  the  Tobaeco  in  the  water  and  add  the 
Sulphur  while  w^Uer  is  hot.  Dip  the  sheep  in 
liquor  as  hot  as  cm  he  home  for  five  minutes. 

I  ime  and  Sulphur  Dip  f^     Scab.  -Take  8  to  t!  pounds 
un.laked    Lime,  place    in    morta.     '.ox,  kettle    or    pail,    addmg 
enough   ^vator   to   form   a   paste.      Sift    into    this   3   tunes    its 
we'iiht   of  Sulphur  (24   or   33  pounds)  and  :,tir  mixture  well. 
Weigh  both;  don't  guess  or  measure.     Now  place  in  a  boder  or 
kettle  with  25  to  30  gallons  boiling  w.tter,  and  boil  at  least  two 
hours,  stirring  well  together.     Pour  all  i.Uo  a  tub  or  vat    ha    is 
provided  with  a  bung-hole  about  4  inches  from  bottom  and  allow 
-imple  time  to  settle.     Draw  off  the  dear  liquid  and  add  enough 
water  to  make  xoo  gallons.     As  a  precaution  draw  ««  through 
bagging   so  there  will  be  no  scdiineut  in  clear  liquid.     The  sedi- 
meirt  may  be  used  for  disinfecting  purposes,  but  under  no  circum- 
stances should  it  be  used  for  dipping. 

Use  tlie  smaller  amounts  of  ingredients  in  fresh  cases  and  the 
larger  in  severe  cu-s.  Dip  sheep  at  a  temperature  of  100  to  1 10  F., 
keeping  them  in  two  raiuutes  by  the  watch,  ducking  the  head  at 
least  once.  Rams  are  more  apt  to  be  overcome  in  the  dip  than 
ewes.  Be  careful  about  pregnant  ewes,  as  injury  may  result. 
Repeat  dip  in  ten  days.-  /^wv  U.  S.  BulMtJt. 
aa 


562 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


li^ 


■  H- 


The  various  coal-tar  dippinR   product?   which   are   on    the 
market  are  fairly  effectual.     All  dips  should  be  repeated  in  ten 

days. 

Affected  slicep   should  be   separated  from  the  healthy  and 
stables  thoroughly  cleaned  and  treated  with  the  dipping  fluids. 

WOOL  FALLING  FROM  SHEEP.— 

ra7<.f«.— Feeding  too  much  hot  food,  as  pea  or  wheat  meal, 
and  keeping  in  too  warm  cjuarters. 

Symptoms. — In  spring,  wool  becomes  loose  and  falls  off  in 
patches;  sheep  will  rub  some,  but  shows  little  signs  of  irritation. 

Trkatment. — 

Is  largely  in  changed  conditions.  Put  in  cooler  quarters  and 
change  the  food  to  roots,  such  as  mangels  and  grains  of  a  lighter 
character,  to  cool  the  blood.  In  severe  cases  give  the  following 
fiowder  once  a  day  for  a  while  in  doses  of  one  teaspoonful  to  each 
sheep:  Saltpeter,  Sulphur  and  ground  Gentian  Root,  equal  parts 
of  each  by  weight.     Mix  and  give  as  directed. 

TICKS.— The  sheep  tick  is  a  winged  insect,  but  ha.s  no 
wings  developed.  Are  large,  live  on  the  surface  and  suck  bUxjd. 
They  may  be  plainly  seen  by  dividing  the  wool,  or,  at  the  time  of 
shearing,  at  which  time  they  will  go  to  the  lambs. 

Treatment.— 

The  tobacco  remedy  in  "Scab"  may  be  used,  or  put  2  table- 
spoonfuls  Creolin  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  go  over  the  animal  with 
a  brush.  The  Coal -Tar  dipping  preparations  are  very  effectual 
here,  dipping  the  sheep  the  same  as  in  scab.  One  treatment  is 
generally  sufficient,  but  sometimes  requires  a  second  in  about  two 
weeks. 

MAGGOTS  FROM  BLOW  FLIES.— Maggots  are  more 
common  than  they  should  be,  both  in  neglected  wounds  and 
from  the  accumulation  of  filth  about  the  thighs. 


-^i; 


DISEASES  OF  SHEEP 


563 


TREATMnNT.— 

Cleanse   parts    thoroughly    and    touch    wounds  with    the 

following  lotion: 

I  part. 

Creosote '^ 

Alcohol 4  parts. 

jlfir.     Then  bathe  .laily   with  Tincture  of 
Myrrh. 
Or   remove  all  maggots  and  dress  wounds  with  following: 

AceUaeofLead _^  """f^- 

Sulph;ite  Zinc /^ 

Carbolic  Acid '^      . 

Water '  P'"*- 

Shake  and  apply  freely. 
Keep  sheep  well  tagged  by  shearing  from  under  the  tail,  and 
thence  diagonally  down  the  thighs 

FOOT  ROT.— 

Causcs.-A  contagious  disease  caused  by  a  micro-orgamsm. 

Syn,fifoms.-SUn  .t  the  top  of  the  clefts  of  the  hoofs  and  over 
.he  htu'which  normally  :s  -oth.  dry  and  pa^e  ^om^^ 
moist  warm,  and  rough,  as  though  chafed.  Next,  there  s  a 
Slrge.  and  ulcers  form  extendtng  down  to  the  upper  portion 
o  the  Let  wall  of  the  hoof.  The  walls  become  d'^organtzed^ 
and  the  disease  penetrates  between  the  fleshy  sole  and  the  bottom 
of  the  hoof,  an'^fiensive.  purulent  matter  is  thrown  out.  and 
the  whole  foot  becomes  a  mass  of  corruptton.  Animal  early 
becomes  lame,  and  at  length  dies  from  exhaustion. 

Treatment.—  ,  , 

Separate  the  affected  sheep  and  put  them  m  a  dry,  weU- 
Uttered'yard,  or  dry.  short  pasture.  Cttt  -ay  all  d.e^  d  pam. 
cleaning  knife  from  time  to  time  in  a  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid^ 
Prepare  a  tank,  and  fill  it  to  the  depth  of  four  inches  with  a 
Sed  olution  (all  that  wiUdissolve)  of  Blue  Vitriol  (Sulphate 
of  Copper)  Keep  this  as  hot  as  can  be  borne  by  puttmg  n 
tmZlio  time'a  piece  of  hot  iron.  Let  each  sheep  stand  in 
this  ten  minutes.  Then  cover  the  hoof  with  ChU^nde  o  Ltae 
and  fill  the  cleft  with  a  fillet  of  tow,  long  enough  to  twist  and 


fell 


! 


! 


m 


i  -1*1 


564  THr.  PRACTICAIv  STOCK  DOCTOR 

tie  ends  about  fetlock.  Examine  daily  and  renew  lime  if 
necessary.  It  is  necessary  soraetimus  to  apply  a  caustic  to  the 
v.-orst  spots;  Muriatic  Acid  is  good  for  this;  it  can  be  used  full 
stre:i},'lh,  or  diluted  with  one  or  two  parts  of  water,  as  conditions 
require.  It  must  be  applied  carefully  with  a  swab.  The  disease 
is  fie(iu'.ntly  hard  to  overcome,  and  will  reajipear  fron'  time  to 
time.  I''eed  ^ood  nourishint^  food,  and  if  a  tonic  is  needed  give 
the  following  powder  once  a  day,  as  circumstances  dictate: 

CotnnionSiU 2  dr.iehms. 

Sulpliiteof  Iniii Ji  drachm. 

Nitrate  of  IVtash li        " 

Mix. 


l\ 


i  i^ 


FOUL  IN  THE  FOOT.— This  is  not  an  uncommon  diffi- 
culty especially  with  sheep  driven  on  the  road  or  pastured  on 
low,  marshy  pastures. 

Svripfof'is.— yiWch  like  previous  disease,  only  not  so  severe. 

Tre.xtmrnt. — 

If  iiiflainination  is  severe,  poultice  with  I.inseed  poultice, 
changing  twice  a  day.    Apply  the  Sulphate  of  Copper  solution,  or: 

A.  ulate  of  l.tad t  ounce. 

Sulrliateof  Zinc 6  drachms. 

Carbolic  .Xcid 'i  ounce. 

WatiT I  pint. 

Slnke  and  apjily  frcily  after  washing. 

The  Muriatic  Acid  may  need  to  bt  used  in  bad  cases,  as  in 

"Foot   U;)t," 

SWOLLEN  FOOT;— DISEASE  OF  THE  BIPLEX 
CANAL.— 

Causes.— From  the  introduction  of  foreign  bodies,  or  from 
other  reasons. 

Syviptoms. — The  issue  or  biplex  canal  in  the  front  and  upper 
part  of  the  hoof  becomes  inflamed;  there  is  redness  and  enlarge- 
ment around  the  pastern,  particularly  about  the  orifice  of  the 
canal,  and  the  toes  are  thrown  wide  apart. 


DlSHASiiS  OK  sHiu:r 


565 


^  rcnun..      If  simply  swollen  and  innamc<l.  treat  a.  or    Foul, 
U  pus  has  fanned.  oi>cn  and  kt  it  out.     Wash  out  w,th: 

Carl,olicAcid J=°"f^- 

Water '  l'*-^^; 

.,ud  inject  a  littl.  of  the  Tiucture  of  Iodine,  ^-t-^  J^f  ^;;^J^ 
arl  dressing  each  dav.  If  it  refuses  to  nnprovc.  use  t^'*^  '^^""^^'^ 
Acid  in  addition  to  the  other  treat.neut.  and  also  the  Lead  and 
Zinc  lotion,  or  the  Copper  solution. 

FRACTURES  -If  there  be  no  wound  of  the  soft  parts, 
the  bone  being  simply  broken,  the  treatment  is  not  difheult   and 
case  of  a  valuable  animal  ^vould  pay  trouble  and  care.     Apply 
a  p\e  e  of  wet  leather,  taking  care  to  ease  the  limb  when  swelmg 
Lrrvenes;  or.    after  setting   the  bones.-apply   a  long  bandage 
"turated  ;.ith  starch,  the  san.e  as  for  the  laundry,  ^^^^^^ 
out  draw  through  the  fingers  to  sciuee.e  °"^  ^^  g^^.P°^"°"j^^° 
allow  it  to  dry  <,-acker;  then  wind  it  around  the  broken  leg 
ucTerately  tight,  being  sure  to  have  the  bones  set  straight    then 
have  some  one  hold  the  animal  and  keep  the  leg  in  shape  till  the 
bandage  hardens,  and  after  this  let  remain  for  a  month  or  more^ 
Fxamine  leg,  and  if  it  gets  too  tight  or  becomes  sore,  cut  of!  and 
puT"  anew  one.     Remove  when  sheep  is  well     Keep  the  sheep 
in  a  small  enclosure  by  itself,  where  it  ^vill  be  disturbed  as  Utile 
as  possible. 

SPRAINS,  STRAINS  AND  BRUISES.- 

Treat  precisely  as  advised  in  HoRSK  Department.  In  simple 
cases  hot  fomentations  and  the  subseciuent  application  of  Camphor 
or  other  good  liniment  is  the  rule  generally  followed.  For  a 
sprain,  to  immerse  the  limb  in  water  as  hot  as  can  be  borne  for 
half  an  hour  at  a  time,  and  repeated  several  times  a  day,  wiU 
usually  effect  a  quick  cure. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TESTICLES.- 
Causes.—A  kick,  or  a  bunt  from  some  other  animal. 


'  M'S^ 


1 


:',i-'      ^V'     \    I 


566  THK  rRACTICAL  i^TOClC  DOCTOR 

S^nipLmts. — The  scrotum  is  swollen  and  tender;  ram  walks 
htifily;  docs  not  eat  much,  and  lies  down  most  of  the  time  to 
relieve  the  pain  caused  by  standing. 

Trkatmknt. — 

Separate  the  ram  from  the  flock  and  put  him  in  a  quiet  place. 
Apply  hot  poultices— half  raeal  and  half  bran.  Change  every  3 
hours,  and  each  time  before  a  new  one  is  applied,  bathe  the  part 
with  hot  vinegar,  or  with  the  Lead  and  Znic  lotion  recomnieiuled 
for  Foul  in  the  I'oot.  Witeh  Hazel  extract  is  also  good  to  bathe 
with.     Also  give  the  animal  the  following  drench: 

Epsom  S.ilts 4  ounces. 

I-"hii(l  ];>.lract  lielladutiiia 30  ilrops. 

SiiUpetcr I  small  teii!>iK)onful. 

Water Vi  l'i"t- 

Repeat  thuv  times  a  day,  omitting  the  Salts  aftel 
the  first  iloso. 

Wash  the  scrotum  with  Carbolic  Acid  solution: 

Carbolic  Acid 'A  ounce. 

Water I  pi"t. 

In  case  the  bag  festers,  lance  when  ready  and  let  the  matter 
come  away,  and  wash  out  with  Carbolic  Acid  water.  Continue 
poulticing  until  all  the  matter  is  drawn  out  and  the  ram  is  better, 
but  after  the  inflammation  is  well  reduced,  poultice  oidy  about 
one-half  the  time. 

CASTRATING  RAMS.— Throw  the  ram  and  have  him 
held  firmly;  take  a  sharp  knife  and  make  an  incision  lengthwise 
of  the  scrotum,  on  what  would  be  the  rear  surface  when  ram  is 
standing,  near  the  bottom  so  that  no  pocket  will  form.  Cut  the 
hole  large  enough  so  that  the  testicle  will  slip  out  easily,  and 
when  out  the  place  where  the  covering  is  attached  to^ the  testicle 
will  be  seen.  Cut  this  attachment  with  the  knife,  pull  the 
testicle  up  3  or  4  inches  and  tie  a  pretty  strong  string  around 
the  cord,  tying  it  tight  enough  to  stop  the  blood,  leaving  the  ends 
of  the  string  4  or  5  inches  long  so  they  will  hang  out  of  the 
incision,  and  not  heal  up  in  the  scrotum.  They  will  come  away 
after  a  few  days  without  assistance.     As  soon  as  this  is  done,  cut 


;^**^p-t 


DISlvASKS  Ol-  SHIiKP 


567 


the  cord  off  Ji  inch  below  the  string;  then  operate  on  the  other 
testicle  in  the  same  maimer.  Pour  into  the  wound  a  little  of  the 
Carbolic  Acid  solution: 

Carbolic  Acid ^  o"nce. 

Water '  P'"'' 

Have  a  dish  of  Carbolic  solution  to  put  the  knife  in  before 
using  and  when  not  using  it  during  operation;  also  for  string. 

If  there  is  swelling,  open  the  incisions  and  flush  out  daily 
with  the  Carbolic  solution.     Do  not  allow  the  animal  to  get  wet. 

CASTRATING  LAMBS.— Lambs  should  be  castrated 
at  from  2  to  10  days  of  age.  An  assistant  should  hold  the 
lamb  turning  him  on  his  back,  holding  rump  between  his 
knees  with  head  toward  himself,  taking  the  fore  and  hind  legs 
in  each  hand  with  fore  legs  outside  of  hind,  and  holding 
them  firmly  just  above  the  knee  joints.  Take  hold  the  pouch 
and  pull  gently  so  to  get  as  much  as  possible  of  it.  and  then  with 
a  sharp  knife  and  a  single  stroke,  or  better,  with  a  pair  of  strong 
shears  take  off  the  pouch  close  to  the  testicle.  Then  take  firm 
hold  of  each  testicle,  .separately,  between  thumb  and  finger  and 
pull  it  out  with  all  the  cord  that  adheres  to  it,  or  pull  out  a  ways 
and  cut  cord  off.  Perform  in  the  morning  so  that  lambs  can  go 
about,  and  this  will  in  great  measure  prevent  any  disposition  to 
swelling,  which  would  be  the  case  if  allowed  to  lie  around  for  a 
time  afterward.  Use  the  Carbolic  Acid  solution  the  same  as  with 
the  ram. 

DOCKING.— Docking,  like  castration,  should  be  performed 
when  lambs  are  a  few  days  old.  Perform  with  a  single  stroke  ot 
a  sharp  knife  and  in  the  evening,  being  careful  to  sever  the  tail 
at  a  joint,  the  assistant  drawing  the  skin  of  the  tail  to  the  body 
so  that  the  end  will  cover  the  stub.  Then  allow  the  flock  to  he 
down  and  keep  quiet  so  that  they  may  lose  the  least  possible 
amount  of  blood.  By  morning  the  wound  will  have  dried  suffi- 
ciently that  there  will  be  little  danger  of  bleeding.  Never  exert 
after  docking.  If  much  bleeding  ensues  apply  a  little  Monsel's 
solution,  or  touch  Ughtly  with  a  hot  iron. 


*^    IS 


fc»Li.»va;  A-.-^ 


'■-1^* 


:  f 


Hf 


568 


THK  PRACTICAI,  vSToCK   DOCTOR 


LAMBING.— The  twe  goes  with  young  from  145  to  162 
days,  Kt^nerally  stated  as  five  uiuuths.     I'avcs  arc  usually  toui-kd 
in  the  month  of  N'ovcmber  in  the  tiorth,  hut  this  is  varied  some- 
what by  circumstance  and  j)Ur{K)Se.     A  good  way  to  tell  whether 
a  ewe  has  been  served  is  to  hhake  dry  paint  on  the  ram's  breast, 
and  when  he  has  served  llie  ewe  the  paint  will  be  on  her  back. 
After  about  the  third  tiiouth  in  youug  ewes  and  fourth  in  old 
ones,  the  udder  will  begin  to  enlarge,  and  will  continue  to  Rrow 
larger  until  a  few  days  before  she  drops  the  lamb.   The  predisi^s- 
ing  signs  are,  when  the  ewe  stretches  herself  frequently;  separating 
herself  from  the  rest;  showing  restlessness  by  not  remaining  in 
any  one  place  long;  lying  down  and  then  getting  up  again;  paw- 
ing ground  with  the  foot;  bleating  as  if  in  quest  of  a  lamb,  and 
appearing  fond  of  the  lambs  i>f  other  ewes.    Very  soon  after  these 
symptoms  is  the  innnediate  one  of  the  expulsion  of  the  water  bag. 
When  this  is  observed  the  ewe  should  be  watched,  for  labor  pains 
may  be  expected  to  come  on  at  once.     When  these  are  felt  by 
her  the  ewe  presses  or  forces  with  earnestness,  changing  from 
one  position  to  another  as  if  desiring  relief. 

TROUBLES  MET  WITH  IN  LAMBING.-The  ewe 

does  not  often  re(iuire  assistance.  Her  labors  will  sometimes  be 
protracted,  and  her  moaning  evince  the  extent  of  pain.  In  some 
cases  will  even  go  about  several  hours,  and  resume  her  grazing 
with  the  fore  feet  and  nose  of  lamb  protruding.  If  left  alone, 
however,  nature  will  generally  relieve  her.  The  objection  to 
interfering,  except  in  necessity,  is  that  the  ewe  is  frightened 
when  caught,  and  her  efforts  to  expel  the  lamb  cease. 

Sometimes  wrong  presentations  are  made,  and  the  attendant 
should  be  ready  with  Carboli/ed  Lard,  clean  hand,  oiled  and 
warmed  in  warm  water  to  render  assistance,  inserting  his  hand, 
pushing  back,  and  changing  as  case  requires.  Sometimes  the 
lamb  comes  with  feet  out  but  head  turned  back,  in  v  hich  ca.se 
the  head  must  be  brought  forward  after  pushing  lamb  back;  then 
draw  on  head  and  legs  and  it  will  come  right.  If  coming  with 
only  head  and  neck  out  and  front  legs  turned  back,  push  lamb 
back  into  womb,  straighten  the  legs,  drawing  gently  on  them  and 
the  head.     If  coming  with  only  ^ead  and  one  front  leg  out,  push 


'  jLfiiissm7^^tMsmssK^smag¥Mm:^r'^>:MC^-^'..'ifi^sim^iKe^        S:9S^.M!^rw.sj!K^iim^^tmmmM^!ma 


DISKASI'S  01'  SIIKKP 5«9 

back  into  womb  atid  straJRlUcn  the  other  front  leg;  bring  front 

k'^;s  and  hi'ad  gently  forward.     Sometimes  there  arc  twnis  and  a 

le.r  „f  each  will  cotue  forward;  in  which  case  in  straightening,  be 

sure  the  two  legs  of  otie  of  the  lambs  are  straightened  out  before 

assisting  presentation,  or  injury  may  result.     A  case  of  l.reedi 

presentation  may  occur,  wlurc  the  ewe  will  labor  and  notlung  is 

iccotnnlishcd-the  tail  and  rump  only  are  felt  in  passage,  and  the 

lr.,id  lei;s  are  tunud  forward  along  the  lamb's  body.     Push  lamb 

Lack  into  womb  and  hook  a  fm-er  around  one  of  the  hnid  legs 

and  brin-  it  backward  toward  you  until  straight  out  in  passage; 

tben  do  the  same  with  the  other;  then  draw  out  backward.  Don't 

try  to  turn  a  lamb.     Be  gentle  and  careful  not  to  u.jure  womb. 

In  chse  of  trouble  from  neck  of  womb  remaining  closed  give; 

l-lui.l  I'xtra.t  ]',clla(l.mna 15  drops. 

Tepid  Water '^  P'"'- 

Repeating  every  two  hours  until  the  neck  re- 
laxes, and  smoar  nioiilh  of  womb  with  a  little 
r.ellailonna  in  I.ard. 
If  a  lamb  is  dropi>ed  at  aight  and  gets  chilled,  put  it  in  a 
warm  bath,  dry  thoroughly  after,  and  give  it  a  few  spoonfuls  of 
,„ilk,  diluted  a  little  and  sweetened,  with  a  speck  of  Red  Pepper 
in  it. 

THE  Cl-EANING,  OR  PLACENTA,  NOT  COMING 
AWAY  —The  cleaning,  or  placenta,  generally  drops  from  the 
ewe  in  the  course  of  a  very  short  time-sometimes  m  a  few 
minutes-after  lambing.  In  case  it  does  not,  give  the  ewe  a 
warm  drink,  at.d  leave  her  alone;  then  if  it  does  not  come  away 
after  a  time,  give  a  drench  as  follows: 

Kpsom  Salts 4  ounces. 

Sweet  S'.irit- of  Nilor V  ""n«. 

Muid  Kxlracl  I'.ella.lcmna 15  drops. 

Mix  and  Kivc  in  a  i.iut  of  Upi'l  water. 
The  protruding  mass  may  be  gently  pulled  ui^.n. 

EVERSION  OF  THE  WOMB,  OR  LAMB  BED 
TURNED  OUT.— It  sometimes  happens  that  by  reason  of 
violent  after-pnins  llu-  womb  is  forced  right  out  through  the 
vagina,  and  is  tttrned  inside  out. 


iS!^aMSi^lKSJSSMai:SC<l3SF^^n.lMl^.L.  T 


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-fi  iiS  ' 


*i|  I 


570  THK  rRACTlCAT,  STOCK  DOCTOR 

As  soon  as  this  is  known,  if  there  is  any  ckaniiii;  attached 
to  the  bntton-like  processes,  remove,  then  bathe  with  coM  water, 
havinR  placed  the  womb  on  a  sheet  to  keep  it  clean.  When 
thoroughly  cleaned,  pour  over  it  a  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid: 

CarlM>licAci.l «  t»Msi)oonful. 

Water '  1""'- 

Have  the  hind  part  of  the  ewe  elevated,  and,  having  the 
hands  well  oiled,  start  returniiiK  by  begiiniin^  at  the  vulva  and 
keep  working  until  all  is  in  the  passage;  then  push  it  back  into 
normal  p<isilion.  Put  three  good,  deep  stitches  in  the  vulva,  to 
prevent  eversion  again,  l.ut  leave  suft'icieiit  space  for  animal  to 
make  water.     Leave  stitches  in  for  from  four  days  to  a  week. 

In  case  straining  is  severe  and  continues,  give  internally: 

Laudammi 'i  "»"<■«•• 

1-Uiiil  l-:xtra.l  lUUailoiin.i 2<^'  ''foi'S- 

Water ^  V"^^- 

Give  4  ounces  I-psom  Salts  as  a  laxative;  feed  very  lightly. 
Do  not  let  lamb  suck  if  he  butts. 

Also  give: 

Fluid  Kxtr.ict  Aconite ^  drops. 

Fluid  Kxtract  lielladonna 20       " 

Saltpeter '^  teasiVH.nful 

Water "^  I""'' 

Jl/i.r  ami  ^\\e  three  tiuies  a  ilay  for  four  o' 
five  day 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  UDDER  (GARGET.)- 

This  is  an  inflammation  of  the  -.idder,  somtimes  known  as  "caked 
bag,"  with  or  without  general  inflammation. 

'  Gi?««— Generally  from  too  great  an  accunuilation  of  milk 
prior  to  lambing,  but  may  be  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  the 
lamb,  or  from  a  cold. 

Tkkatment.—  ,  ,      ,       n 

Draw  the  milk  from  the  udder  so  that  the  hungry  lam.j  will 
butt  and  work  at  it  an  unusual  time  in  pursuit  of  food,  and  bathe 
it  a  few  times  with  hot  water.  This  will  usually  suiTice.  If  the 
lamb  is  dead,  the  milk  should  be  drawn  a  few  times  at  increasing 
intervals,  bathing  the  udder  for  some  time  with  hot  water  after 
each  milking.    In  severe  cases  the  udder  should  be  anointed  with: 

Stronir  SDirits  Caniplior 3  pa^s. 

Turpentine '  V^^ 


IViSKASKS  OK  SHIUvP 


57« 


Witch  Tla/cl  is  K.K).l  or  Camplu.raU.l  Oil.     i  ..vc  4  ounces 
Ivpsotn  Salts,  also  '.<  IcasiKx.nful  Saltpeter  two  -  r  three  times  a 

llllV 

Should  there  Ije   suppura  .on,  the  atTected   part   shonUl    J* 
opened  aii.l  washed  out  with  a  Carl^lic  Acid  solution. 


DISEASES  OF  YOUNQ  LAMBS 

WEAKNESS.- 

Trt/zi/ 5.  -Sometimes  where  the  ewe  is  not  properly  fed  and 
taken  care  oi;  or  where  there  are  twins;  or  from  coming  on  a 
cold  night  and  getting  a  chill,  the  lai.  bs  are  weak  and  unable  to 
stand. 

Trkatmknt.—  , ,      ,. 

If  from  a  chill,  put  it  in  a  warm  bath,  dry  thoroughly  after- 
ward by  warmth  and  rubbing;  then  give  in  a  tabksi^onful  of  the 
ewe's  milk,  a  teaspoonful  of  Whi^-key  and  rei>eat  every  hour  imtil 
strong  enough  to  take  the  teit. 

CONSTIPATION.— 

Causes.— I'Tom  being  fed  with  cow's  milk,  especially  when 
not  diluted  with  water  and  sweetened,  and  from  causes  imknown. 

Symptoms  -  The  lamb  is  dull,  and  there  is  some  distension  of 
the  sides;  there  is  straining  to  move  the  bowels,  but  no  passage. 

Tkkatment. — 

Very  young  lambs  are  subject  to  a  disease  that  is  ■■ometimes 
called  '  •pinning,"  the  first  passages  being  so  adhesive  and  tenacious 
in  their  nature  that  the  orifice  to  the  anus  is  closed  and  subse- 
cnieut  evacuations  prevented .  In  such  cases  remove  the  adhering 
matter,  rubbing  with  a  little  dr>-  clay  to  prevent  further  trouble. 
If  from  food  or  other  causes,  give  Linseed  Oil  in  teaspoon  to 
tablespoonful  doses  two  or  three  times  a  day  until  bowels  are 
in  condition.  Rpsom  Salts  in  '<  to  i  drachm  doses  may  also  be 
given.  Injections  of  soapy,  lukewarm  water  may  also  Ix?  given 
in  Vi  teacupful  quantities  one  or  more  times  a  day. 


ii 


\ 


11 


ir  .• 


57» 


Tin:  ru ACTicAi,  stock  doctor 


DIARRHEA  IN  LAMBS. 


11     flolM 


hill. 


("iiiisis.      Immiu  luiik  nut  .ij;r<-i  iiir. 

Ti:i:\T'.i;:n  r. — 

I'm  .1  ica.sp..);iful  of  Whiskey  and  ntie  of  Castor  Oil  in  a 
tal)U-iK..)iift!l  of  thciwi's  milk  and  ^ive  it  fioin  a  small  spoon, 
li'  uvj;  caixfitl  in  ailinini>ilrati<)n.  In  fonr  honrs  it  not  better,  Ki\<-' 
5  'Irops  I.aiidaninii  in  a  tva^poonfnl  of  Whiskey,  together  with  a 
t  i1)lL-|)oo!ifnl  of  ihiMiiotlKi'smilk.  Kcjieat  every  Innr  hours  until 
relieved.  Ktt  p  lanil)  wnni  aiul  coi'ifortaMe,  and  see  that  the 
ewe  is  kept  nn'Iked  out,  'o  privent  i;ari;et.  See  nlso  "Diarrhea" 
in  other  part  of  this  department,  wliieh  niav  he  adapted  to  con- 
ditions. I'art  of  a  t.as]K.nnfnl  of  I'.lood  I'l.'Ur  in  a  little  water  is 
^^;ood.      Part  of  a  teaspoonfid  of  eookini;  soda  is  also  ^ood. 


Note. -Sheep  may  he  affected  with  other  diseases  not  mcn- 
tionid  here  hut  (Kserihed  in  the  HoKSi:  or  Catti.k  Dki'AkTMKNT. 
In  siioh  casus  they  woidd  he  treated  the  same  as  there,  except 
that  the  doses  .if  mech\  ine  would  he  ahout  i  f>  that  for  cattle  and 
1-3  Uiut  for  hursc. 


SWINE 

DISEASES  AND  THEIR   I  REAIMEN T 


WAYS   OF   GIVING    MEDICINE  TO   SWINE.  -A 

common  ^^^y  \^  to  put  a  noose  on  tlu-  upi-r  j;iw  mid  draw  ui.  the 
head.  Use  horn  or  ls,itle  in  giving  li-iuid-.  Son..Umc|,  the 
struRgles  do  harm,  and  care  must  be  used  to  nut  .strangle  by 
pouring  t.Kj  fast  -take  time.  Am.ther  way  which  h.is  high 
recommendation  is:  I'nll  the  cheek  away  from  the  teeth  so  aj.  to 
form  a  ponch,  and  i-onr  tlie  medicine  into  this  slouly;  tl.c  anisnal 
will  quit  sqnealini;  when  he  Ihids  ont  what  it  is.  a.id  will  hegn,  to 
.wallow.  Put  the  hog  in  a  chute  wh.re  he  cannot  turn  aroiind. 
and  give  him  a  shoe  whi.h  has  a  h-.le  in  the  toe  to  bile  on.  The 
raedicme  i.s  Ikhu.  d  in  the  rliwc  an.l  taken  while  he  is  biting  ..n  it; 
or  a  short  i.i.ve  of  ho>e  w.lii  a  fnnnel  attached  to  one  end.  ^till 
another  plan  is  to  take  a  bo.nd  S'j  ituhe.,  wide  by  luto  i-  -nches 
lone,   which   ineliKks  handle  cut   dov.n   at   on.-   ^nd.      .\i   nit    3 


inches  from  one  end  cut  a  notch 


I  ,'4   inche.-. 


and  ,^  inches 
wide.  OpiH.site  the  middle  and  on  the  other  edg.-,  cut  another 
notch  an  inch  s-inare;  then  cut  away  for  a  handle.  Let  one  hold 
while  another  drenches;  catch  by  ears  and  set  back  on  hind- 
(inarters,  place  the  board  in  mouth  with  su^l  notch  down,  pour 
from  a  strong  bottle,  in  the  front  of  m<«Ri,  on  the  end  .if  the 
tongue.     Vary  si/e  of  board  ti>  animal. 

"^  Medicine  in  the  form  of  small  pc.wder.s,  pills,  or  paste,  may 
be  placed  well  back  on  the  root  of  the  tongue. 

DISIN'^ECTION  AND  DISINFECTANTS.  The  dis- 
infection of  places  where  animals  li.n-ing  malignant  or  contagious 
diseases  have  been  kept  should  l>c  rigorously  carried  out.  !■  very 
part  should  be  stopped  ti,L',ht.  ;ukI  Sulphur  and  WockI  Tar,  in  the 
pn.i>ortion  of  i  of  Sulphur  to  2  quarts  of  Tar,  mixed  with  tow, 
should  be  burned  and  allowed  to  smoke  thoroughly  until  the 
building  is  thick  with  the  t^iuoke.      Places  where   sick  animaLs 

573 


574 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


iM^^ 


KT-: 


'1 


m 


■  { 


i 


\ii 


\m  i  f 


are  should  be  fuinigati.d  two  or  three  times  a  week,  but  not  so 
much  as  to  set  sick  animals  to  couching.  All  parts  ot  the  build- 
ing should  Ik-  wet  with  Carbolic  solution,  cither  oy  sprinkling  or 
washing,  using  in  proixjrtion  of  loo  parts  of  soft  water  to  3  parts 
of  Carbolic  Acid.  Discharges  should  be  treated  with  Chloride  of 
Zinc,  using  in  the  proportion  of  i  ounce  of  Chloride  of  Zinc  to  i 
to  2  gallons  of  water.  Chloralum  is  a  disinfectant  that  is  not 
poisonous  and  has  no  odor.  It  is  made  by  dissolving  3  pounds 
Chloride  of  Aluminum  in  2  gallons  of  water.  A  cheap  and  jxjw- 
erful  disinfectant  that  is  non-poisonous  is  made  by  dissolving  8 
ounces  Chloride  of  Zinc  and  16  ounces  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  in  one 
gallon  of  water.  Add  1  pint  of  this  liquid  to  i  gallon  of  water. 
Another  cheap  and  very  powerful  disinfectant  is  Corrosive  Subh- 
mate,  one  part  to  one-thousand  parts  of  water,  i  drachm  of  Cor- 
rosive Sublimate  to  i  galh)n  of  water.  It  cornjdes  metals  and  so 
must  be  made  and  used  from  wooden  vessels.  It  is  poisonous 
and  must  be  used  with  due  care. 

HOG    CHOLERA    AND    SWINE    PLAGUE.— These 

two  diseases— which  have  caused  such  widespread  devastation 
among  the  swine  all  over  the  country— resemble  each  other  very 
closely  Iwth  in  their  symptoms  and  in  their  effect  on  the  bodies 
of  animals;  so  much  so  in  most  cases  ihat  an  after-death  examina- 
tion by  experts  would  be  necessary  to  clearly  distinguish  them. 
The  difficulty  of  distinguishing  between  the  two  diseases  is  of  no 
great  consequence  from  a  practical  standpoint,  as  in  either  case 
they  must  be  combatted  by  measures  to  prevent  exposure,  or  to 
destroy  them  when  introduced,  and  sick  animals  must  be  treated 
by  remedies  that  will  reduce  fever,  stop  multiplication  of  germs, 
and  assist  the  afTected  organs  in  resuming  their  normal  functions. 
Sjw/Aw/.v.— The  symptoms  of  the  serious  diseases  of  swine 
are  not  so  characteristic  as  in  larger  animals.  Animals  often  die 
before  sickness  has  been  observed,  or  after  a  few  hour's  illness. 
Such  cases  are  most  freciuent  at  tlie  first  appearance  of  the 
diseases,  but  in  many  cases  the  progress  of  disease  is  slower  and 
ample  opportunities  are  allowed  for  studying  the  symptoms. 
There  are  first  seen  signs  of  fever,  shivering,  unwillingness  to 
move,  more  or   less  loss  of  appetite,  elevation  of   temperature 


•if.t 


DISlvASKS  OF  SWINE 


575 


which  may  reach  105  to  106  F.;  th     xiimals  api^ar  stupid  and 
dull   and  have  a  tendeucy  to  hide  i..    '  <5  litter  or  bedding  or  to 
remain  covered  by  it.     The  bowels  1  ..   be  normal  or  constipated 
at  first    but  later  there  is  generally  ii(iuid  and  fetid  diarrhea, 
abundalit  and  exhausting,  that  persists  to  the  end.    Theeyes  art 
at  first  congested  and  watery,  but  soon  the  secretion  thickens,  be- 
comes yellowish,  accumulates  in  the  angles  and  gums  the  lids  to- 
cether      The  breathing  is  more  rapid  than  usual  and  may  be  op- 
pressed and  labored  in  the  later  stages.    There  is  a  cough,  which 
however  is  not  very  frequent  and   is  generally  heard  w-lien  the 
-tmimals  are  driven  from  their  bed;  it  maybe  single  and  it  may 
be  paroxysmal.     The  skin  is  often  congested  and  red  over  the 
abdomen,  inner  surface  of  the  limbs,  under  surf  ace  of  the  neck 
and  on  the  ears.     The  color  varies  from  a  pinkish  red  to  dark 
red  or   purple.      An  eruption  is  sometimes  seen,  which  leaves 
crusts  or  scabs  of  various  si/.es  over  the  skin.     There  is  rapid 
loss  of  flesh;  the  animal  grows  weak;  stands  with  an  arched  back 
and  the  abdomen  drawn  up,  and  walks  with  a  totteruig,  uncer- 
tain gait;  there  is  loss  and  less  inclination  or  ability  to  move,  and 
the  weakness  and  exhaustion  increases  until  death  results. 

The  symptoms  of  swine  plague  in  many  instances  are 
not  noticeably  different  from  those  of  liog  cholera.  Frequently 
the  lungs  arc  extensively  inflamed  in  swine  plague,  and  in  that 
condition  the  breathing  is  more  labored  and  the  cough  more 
frequent  and  painful. 

The  course  of  these  diseases  varies  from  one  or  two  days  to 
two  or  three  weeks. 

Treatment.— 

When  the  hogs  are  first  found  to  be  infected  with  either  hog 
cholera  or  swine  plague,  the  lots  or  pens  where  they  have  been 
confined  should  be  disinfected  by  dusting  plentifully  with  dry 
air  .slaked  lime  or  by  sprinkling  with  a  5  per  cent,  solution  of 
crude  Carbolic  Acid.  The  animals  should  Ix.  moved  into  new 
nuarters  If  possible,  the  sick  and  well  should  be  separated  and 
put  into  different  lots.  They  should  be  put  into  dry,  clean  places 
where  there  is  no  mud,  and  above  all,  no  stagnant  water  Keep 
well  disinfected  by  the  use  of  air-slaked  Lime  or  Carbolic  Acid. 


■^rC' 


THI",   i'RACTlCAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


^, 


+ 


Give 

\V(«iil  CIi  ircoal i   ].oimcl. 

iiulplnir I        •' 

Sdcliiiiii  t'liloriile 2  j'l.uiiils 

Sodium  I'.icarbuuale .  -•         " 

Sodium  Ilyposuljihatc 2         " 

Sodium  Su!])iiatc 1    [x'Uiid. 

Anliinony  Suli)hidf(niack  Autiiuonj  J  i        " 

riilvuri/.e  and  mix  tlKiroui;hl\ . 

In  case  there-  is  jirofuso  diarrhea  tho  Sodium 
Sulphate  may  be  oiuiltid. 

fi'ii':  I  hirt;o  lahlcspoonful  fur  i.uh  200 
pounds  weight  to  he  treatf'l,  .iiu:ea  day. 

IIoir:i  affected  witli  tliese  diseases  shotild  bo  fed  at  least 
ntice  a  day  witli  soft  feed,  such  as  bran  an<l  middlings,  middlings 
and  corn  meal,  or  grontid,  soft  oats  and  corn,  or  groinid  oats 
and  corn,  or  crushed  wheat  with  hot  water,  and  tlien  stir- 
ring in  projKT  amonnt  of  medicine.  If  unable  to  eat,  drench 
by  pulling  the  cheek  awa\-  from  tin.  teeth  .so  as  to  foini  a  pouch, 
into  which  the  remedy  may  be  slowly  I'ouied.  It  will  flow  into 
the  mouth,  and  wlun  the  hog  finds  what  it  i>,  it  \  ill  stoj) squealing. 
A])i>.irently  this  leniedy  has  been  moie  etiicacious  in  cholera 
than  in  plague.  The  best  of  care  must  be  given  in  adilition  to 
this  in  order  to  .secure  the  best  results.  As  .i  jiieveiitive,  put  the 
remedy  into  the  leed  of  the  herd  and  see  that  each  one  gets  his 
share. 

Notes.— Both  bog  chnlera  aiid  s\vii!>'  ]il  'Uc  are  caused  b\ 
bacteria,  the  hog  choleia  gerais  In  itig  .•-1:  !;  larger  and  v.uin: 
elongated  than  those  of  swine  plague.  Tliev  are-  providefi  will: 
long  thread-like  appendages,  which  ew  ...e  tliem  10  move  rapidly 
through  li(|uids,  while  bacteria  of  tlie  -anie  r.iague  lune  no 
-iich  organs,  and  are  unable  to  move  cxcejit  a.s  carried  by  the 
li([uid  in  which  they  float.  Tie  germs  of  cholera  gain  entrance 
throtigh  food  and  drink  and  tlic  air  as  well,  while  those  of  ihe 
plague  gain  entrance  through  the  lungs.  Cb  let.!  germs  are 
hardy  and  vigorous,  living  and  tnnltiplying  for  a  long  tiirie  in 
water  or  soil,  while  those  of  the  i>lague  are  dclic.Ui  and  easily 
destroyed. 


t  I 

mi 


DISKASIvS  OF  SWINK 


57? 


When  several  animals  are  aiTectcd  willi  the  symptoms  in  the 
neighborhood ,  we  may  decide  that  one  or  both  diseases  are  pres- 
tnt.     Iv  button-like  iilcer;5  are  found  on  the  intestines,  the  disease 
is  no  doubt  cholera,  though  in  acute  cases  they  will  not  be  pres- 
ent.    If  there  Ije  inflamraatioa  of  the  lungs,  and  particularly  if 
chuese-like  masses  be  found  in  the  substance  of  these  organs,  the 
ilisease  is  probably  swine  plague.    Small  blood  spots  in  the  tissues 
or  scattered  over  the  internal  orga:iS  indicates  hog  cholera,  while 
inflannuatiua  of  tlie  serous  membranes— the  membrares  lining  the 
dosed  cavities  of    the   body  — intlicates  swine  plague.     In  hog 
diolera  there  are  hemorrhages  in  the  tissues,  in  the  lymphatic 
■Tlands,  and  in  tlie  ^•arious  organs  of  the  body;  ulceration  of  the 
arge  iutes   nes,  collapse  of  the  lung  ti.ssue,  and  less  frequently 
proncho-pnennumia.     In  swine  jilague  there  is  inflammation  of 
the  lun^^s,  numerous  small  necrotic  points  in  these  organs,  or  a 
ew  larger  cheesy  masses;  inflammation  of  the  serous  membranes 
vith  fibrinous  deposits;  congestion  of  the  nuicous  membrane  of 
•he  intestims,  or  inllammationof  the  same  with  fibrinous  deposits. 
In  times  of  plague  or  cholera  remember  that  non-intercourse 
•"s  the  >afest  rule.     A  jiartiele  of  dirt  carried  on  a  shoe,  by  a  dog 
•  !  (jlher  animal,  or  on  the  wheel  of  a  wagon,  will  be  sufficient  to 
:.'art  an  outbreak. 

When  there  is  reason  to  fear  an  ontl)reak,  hogs  should  be 
•ciuit  in  a  small  enclosure,  kept  as  dry  as  possible-  -for  it  is  certain 
ill  -t  if  filth  is  iiiit  tlie  cause,  it  will  greatly  facilitate  it— .and  dis- 
..1  feet  at  least  once  a  week  as  directed.  Three  to  15  drops  of 
<■  .f.  t"jlic  Acid,  according  to  age,  in  the  drinking  water  will  tend  to 
i>revent  infection.  Also  keep  hogs  thrifty  and  vigorous  by  using 
till  prescription  recommeiukti  for  Chronic  Indigestion. 

Measures  of  Prevention. —  Promptly  destroy  and  bury 
.•e-p  all  aunnals  that  are  known  lo  be  sick  of  the  plague, 
.ii'd  disinfect  the  premises,  or  if  impracticable,  remove  other 
anT'.als  to  high  diy  ground  -  if  fresh  plowed  so  much  the  better. 
Cive  clean  food  and  freshly  (ir.iwn  well  water,  and  as  a  preven- 
tive give  in  the  drinking  walei-  three  times  a  day  10  drops  Carbolic 
\ud  for  every  150  ixnnuls  live  v  eight;  or  instead,  i  teaspoonful 
u>  iicsulphite  of  Soda  for  every  ux3  pounds  live  weight  ^i'l  danger 


s   M 


!  I 


I    •, 


.S7» 


THlv  IRACTICAI,  STOCK   DuCTOR 


is  past,  bcpamte  healthy,  ^ict  and  Mispccts,  ami  treat  accoid 
ing  to  class,  allowing  nu  cuuiuitinicalioii  iu  any  way  betwceu  the 
lots.  It"  unc  person  aiujuds  all,  he  should  attend  tlie  well  ones 
first  in  every  case.  Buckcis  ii.-cd  tor  the  sick  should  not  be  used 
for  the  well.  Dogs  may  carry  conta-iu;i  from  one  pen  to  another. 
The  lot  in  which  the  healthy  ho^s  are  placed  sliould  never  be  on 
ground  capable  of  taking  drairage  from  the  others,  and  contanii 
nation  by  running  streams  must  be  scrupulously  looked  after  in 
such  times.  Ojxrations  sucli  as  ringing,  cutting  ears  and  tails, 
spaying,  castrating  and  the  like  .-should  Ik.-  delayed  till  epidcniic 
Is  past,  but  if  necessary,  dress  the  wound  daily  with  an  effective 
disinfectant,  as  u  solution  of  Carbolic  Add.— From  C/.  6",  Bulletin 


COMMON  DISEASES  OF  SWINE 


INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LUNGS;  PNEUMONIA. 
LUNG  FEVER.  - 

Si»i/'/t>ms.  —  Breathing  is  rapni  and  labored;  theie  is  shiver- 
ing of  l)ody  and  limbs,  more  or  kss  severe  cough,  no  appetite, 
elevation  of  temperature. 

TkEAT.Mi;.N"r. — 

Put  the  animal  in  a  (jaiet,  comfortable  and  well-ventilated 
place,  free  from  drafts.  Put  a  yireparatinn  of  Mustard  and  water 
on  the  chest  and  >ide  and  give  the  following: 

I'luid  Kxtract  .\c..nile lf>  'hops. 

1-luid  l-Atnat  Ik-Il.iiloiiiKi I  toa-poouful. 

SaUpitiT 2  drachms. 

Alcohol i.'i  ounces. 

Water  to  make '-j   ]iint. 

Civc  one  ounce  nf  tlu'  solution  four  or  llvu 
tinu  s  a  ilav. 

Give  nourishing  food  such  a-  the  hog  will  eat  and  Aeep  it 
covered  with  a  l/ianket.  and  this  with  good  nursin^^  will  probably 
efiect  a  curt- 


m 


iM 


DlSUASl,::  ui'   SWlNJv  579 

QUINSY,  OR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  TON- 
SILS. — 'I'll is  is  .1  common  and  often  fatal  disease  if  prompt  re- 
lief is  not  j;ivtn. 

Symplonis. — IIol;  lias  diiriciilty  in  s\vall(nving;  there  is  slav- 
ering and  the  tonkin-'  sticks  out;  there  is  swelling  antl  soreness 
under  the  lower  jaw  and  neck. 

Tkkatmkn'T. — 

Apply  to  the  swelling  cloths  wrung  out  in  hot  wnter,  chang- 
ing them  frequently  to  reduce  the  iiillainnuition.  As  soon  as  pos- 
sible use  the  following; 

Su'phatL"  5I:i,t;ncsia 4  ounces. 

Oil  "f  Turpentine 2  drachms. 

Soap  S;iils ,!.'  pint. 

J//r  and   inject   iiilo   the    rectum    with    a 
syringe. 

If  the  anin..d  eats  give,  nii.Ked  in  a  little  gruel: 

Tur[Rinine 2  tt-aslKxmful-. 

I. aril  Oil 4  labiespooiifuls. 

It  he  docs  not  eat,  swali  tlic  tcjiisil-^  often  with  the  mixture  liy 
iir^ans  of  a  swah  fastened  on  a  small  rod.     hollowing  is  also  good: 

l-hiiil  lUtr.ict  IklLidonna I  teasi><)<)nful. 

Chlorate  of  rota.sh i  " 

Camphor I  " 

Saltpeter 2  teaspooiifuls. 

iV/.r  into  paste  with  molasses  ami  Hour  and 
pl;ue  ,'j  as  a  di>se  on  back  of  tim^;ne  with  a  • 

-small  jiaddle,  three  or  four  limes  a  day. 

SORE  THROAT.-  Common  among  pigs,  but  may  occur 
at  any  age. 

Causes.  -(K-iK-r.illy  from  catching  cold,  changing  pens,  or 
getting  wet. 

Sv»:p!oiiis. — There  is  sneezing  and  coughing;  water  will  run 
tliioii-li  the  nose  when  drinking;  throat  will  K-  swuilen  and  sore 
to  press  upon;  much  like  quinsy  only  no  extenud  swelling. 
It  is  liable  to  extend  through  the  litter  from  common  cause 


Sk 


.^mi£sii- 


sSo  THlv  PRACTICAL  SToCK   DoCToR 

Tkkatmi:n  1'.  — 

Have  good  dry  (luarters,  with  ainpk  licddiiiK-  I'eed  soft, 
warm  food,  with  a  large  tabk'Si«ionfnl  Suli-hur  for  cadi  six  pigs. 
twice  a  day.  Whuu  they  will  not  eat,  take  .;  ..uucls  each  of  Sul- 
phur aii.i  Saltpeter,  powder  and  mix,  and  throw  a  half  teaspoon- 
ful  back  on  the  tongue  three  times  a  day.   Rub  stiumbliugliuiment 

ou  the  throat:  »  good  one  is: 

SoapI.iiii!iuriit  1  ounces, 

A'l'ia  Aiiiiiioni;i ^ 

Turiicnune ^ 

In  severe  cases  use  the  hot  cloths  e.\lernally  and  the  paste  on 
the  tongue  as  iu  Oiiinsy. 

APOPLEXY,  OR  CONGESTION  OF  THE  BRAIN 
(STAGGERS;  BLIND  STAGGERS). 

C„,/,e,—U  UMi.illy  fdthy,  ill-veiitilalcd  ;'.!id  poorly-drained 
(luarlers,  w  liber. d  feeding.  Dir-ea^e  is  n;ost  common  among 
o\.r-fat  at-    ..als. 

Sj/>i/  "IS."  Vnimal  wid  be  stupid:  stands  in  a  corner  with 
eai  loppt  ov  will  not  (it.  As  di.sease  advances,  becomes 
partly  or  vh<.  I'li'id,  going  in  a  circle  and  striking  against 
objects;  lb  :-c  and  about  the  head  becomes  purple,  and 

•  ^   '^i^i  it  I.    nsfious.     Sometimes  til'. re  is  an  cffn.sion  on 

the    brain,  at    othe!     symptoms    beiu;.',    especially    niaiked: 

tlu  animal     ill         idenly    limb.  btilTen,  fioths  at  the  mouth,  and 
Y,y       i,i:i.^        1.  with    -  snorting  sound.     ConiuS  on  sometime- 

wl^cn  con!   .en.         '■'  cai 

•'"','  ',ie„!  air  cold  u.Uer  f;:!l  from   a  h.eight  <.n   the 

h^.^^^l  ,ply         .-,.  in  a  doth  sack  to  the  head       Prepare 

and   gr...    the  ^   i"  '•Quinsy"  to   move  the   bowels. 

Where  not  cor   •  .  -  give  inicctLm,  the  following  »  recom- 

mended-    I'or    .  pi  uonths  ol.l,  1  tablesiK,onful  b.p.som  Salts: 

f„r  one  from  ,  U-  ^  months  old.  2  tablespoonftd.  Kp<on,  Salts 
and  for  from  (.  to  i2  months  old,  3  to  4  tablespoonful.  b,p>om 
^dt-;-  ;idd  according    to  age    to  S:dts  : 

Sweet  SpiriN  of  Nitrr Ho  2  t;.1.1e>i.o,m!u!s. 

(.iiik'cr ;■;■■;  , 

Dissolve  in  :i  \v<\i  (<:;.  up  ot  lukrxv.inM  wat.i 
and  i>f>ur  down  the  pi-  alter  it  l.econics  con- 
scious. 


niSKASKS  OP  SWINE 


5S1 


Feed  sparingly  for  a  few  days,  Rive  exercise  and  clean  quar- 
ters, and  ^i\x-  in  feed  the  jxjwder  recommended  for  Indigestion. 

COLDS.— 

Siifip/oms.— Those  commonly  attendant  on  catchinR  cold. 

TrKATMI'.NT. — 

Keep  animal  warm  and  quiet;  feed  well  with  food  easy  to 
digest;  rub  Vinegar  and  Mustard  on  the  chest.  Should  disease 
not  yield  readily  to  treatment,  give  the  .solution  recommended  for 
Pneumonia. 

SNUFFLES.— This  is  a  connnon  disease  that  usually  pives 
way  with  warmth,  good  care  and  light,  digestible  food.  Some- 
times it  assumes  a  chronic  form,  as  nasal  gleet.  In  such  cases 
the  animal  had  better  be  killed  at  once  and  buried.  Give  solu- 
tion recommended  for  Pneumonia.     Cruise  pig  to  inhale  steam. 

CHOKING.— This  soinetimcs  occurs  by  the  animal  trying 
to  swallow  something  hard  ami  too  large  f')r  tlie  throat. 

SvinploMS.-  Animal  conidis  ami  srdiva  rims  from  its  month. 
V  b-:,  it  tries  to  eat  or  drink,  the  food  or  water  will  run  b.ack  out 
i  its  mouth. 

Pkratmunt. — 

Pour  down  a  tablcsponnful  or  two  of  melted  Inrd  with  10 
drops  Helladoiina,  ami  then  if  you  can  feel  the  f)l):stnKtion  in  the 
lieck  passage,  try  and  work  it  around  so  that  it  will  go  down. 
If  in  the  back  part  ot  the  mouth,  op<  n  with  a  slick  and  remove 
obstruction  witli  another  .stick  or  a  pair  of  pincers.  If  these 
means  do  not  succeed,  use  the  probang  as  in  cattle,  pushing  the 
obstruction  down  into  the  stomacli.  First  tie  a  rojH;  around  the 
upper  jaw  and  have  the  he.ad  held  up;  then  place  gag  -across  the 
mouth,  using  as  for  cattle,  but  use  a  smaller  probang. 

ACUTE  INDIGESTION.— 

ra?^s«.--T'sually  from  a  change  of  food  A  pig  that  is 
IKwrly  fed,  gets  into  a  field  of  peas  or  grain  and  ov.rf.-e.''-  or  it 
may  occur  from  too  sudden  a  change  in  shutting  up  a  pig  to  fatten. 


11: 


\.     51 


m  iiiif^ 


^-^! 


I 


5«2 THr;  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

5)7;//>/<7;«5.— Animal  refuses  to  cat;  seems  bloated;  very  uneasy 
and  in  pain.  If  from  causes  as  enumerated,  the  trouble  is  pretty 
sure  to  he  indijjestiou. 

Treatment. — 

For  a  six  mouths  old  pig  to  a  yearling,  give  the  following: 

Epsom  Siilts 3  lahlchpoonfuls 

HyiHJSulphitc  of  Soda i  t.asiK)onfiil. 

Ginger ,  tal.lc-poouful. 

Aromatic  Spirits  of  Atnuioiiia i  '■ 

Fluid  Extract  of  I'eilaiioiitia to  drops. 

yZ/j-  in  a  }i  pint  of  luki-  wariii  -.vatir  and 
pour  it  doun  tlie  pi^;,  Give  every  thrtv  or  four 
hours  until  animit  is  relieved. 

Follow  for  a  few  days  with  ]K)wdcr  reconimcndcd  for 
Chronic  Indigestion.  In  giving  drench  do  not  pour  down  too  fast 
for  fear  of  choking  the  aiinial.  Death  may  result  at  any  time 
from  rupture  of  the  stuniaeh. 

STUNTED,  OR  CHRONIC  INDIGESTION. -A  com- 
mon trouble  with  pigs  tha«  have  been  put  to  solid  food  too  soon 
after  weaning:  or  poorly  kept  animals  of  any  age.  Is  apt  to 
follow  preceding  disease.     May  be  also  caused  by  worms. 

Sy»ipto?)ts. — Good  appetite,  but  no  corresjiouding  results  in 
growth. 

Treatment. — 

If  caused  by  worms,  treat  as  under  that  heading.  If  th^ 
trouble  be  from  feeding,  change  back  to  simpler  and  more  liquid 
food,  and  let  the  cliange  to  heavy  food  be  more  gradual.  Give 
with  the  soft  food: 

tit'ntiaii 1^  pound. 

liicarlionate  of  S<Kla l.^        " 

Kux  Vomica i_^       " 

Arsenic i  dr.ael.ni. 

>!//<■  tborouf.;hly.     Do.se:     One  tablespoonful 
to  each  6  to  12  pii's,  nccordinij  to  a^c. 

V,\\'^  i'..  fjed  two  or  three  times  a  day  until  they  begin  to 
thrive;  also  give  twice  a  v.-n  k  a  liaiidfnl  of  Iianlwood  ashes, 
charcoal  and  salt,  in  their  fi  ■.  d. 


J!'.»K39I  m:M  :  IS  ' --  ;.'ift 


DISKASES  OF  SWINR 5^,^ 

CONSTIPATION.— This  is  liable  to  aflect  swine  of  any 
a^e,  but  more  often  those  of  the  stunted  class. 

r.ntses.— In  old  ho^s  from  having  too  much  foo<l,  and  bcinR 
penned  up  too  closely.  In  young  pigs  from  indigestion  and 
worms. 

Tkkatmhnt.— 

I'or  young  pigs  give  the  following: 

I'.yKuui  S.iUs a  t.-aspoonfuls. 

Cinj-.r >'  li-aspoouful. 

liicavliotiatoof  Soila ^ 

Dissolve  in  a  '/i  <"P  <'f  I'll^t-W.iriti  writer;  give 
every  d.iy  until  the  1).)welR  xet  in  goo.1  condi- 
tion. 
For  yearlings  the  amount  can  be  doubled,  and  proportionately 
more  for  older  and  larger  hog>.     Mo<lify  amount  and  repetition 
according  to  condition.     I-rom  i  to  4  ounces  of  raw  Linseed  Oil 
or  Castor  Oil  may  also  be  given.  In  bad  cases  give  the  follo%ving: 
Aromatic  Spirits  of  Annnonia,  1  tca- 

spoonful  to     I  fciWcspoonful. 

riuid  KxtractNux  Vomica 5  to  lo  drops. 

Walir '/'  ti-acnpfnl. 

Mix  and  give,  rciK-atinj,'  dose  three  times  a 
day. 

DIARRHEA.— 

r««.sw. --Sudden  change  in  kind  of  food;  eating  something 
■'rozcn;  excitement  from  being  cbiscd;  >t,  in  case  of  sucking  pigs, 
from  food  or  some  .li-^ability  in  the  '^nw. 

Symphyins.     Watery  disch.u  ges:  no  appetite,  but  great  thirst. 

rKKATMKNT.— 

In  the  case  of  -^uckim:  i>igs,  .c-'''  f'"'  ^<^<'- 

HUmr '  it'i--»rf»l- 

I!icai1>onateofS..la I    U  Msp...mful. 

Oiiii;er ' 

T„w1.nunii I  »'■>     2  tcaspoonfuN. 

I.uVcw.irmWiter I  'pirirt. 

AFi.v  and  give.     Re;'C.it  thrct-  fimi-s  .-i  dav. 
Also  give  the  pigs  a  few  teasixMmfuls<.f  tin  ■^ame  three  times 
a  day.    If  this  does  not  eoiitn.l,  give  each  pn;  a  .ittle  Blood  Flour 
in  a  little  water. 


;( 


V 


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ii 

if- 


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%   3 


m 


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laiiMiittJ'.fet 


5R4       THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

In  ordinary  cases— not  sucking  pi^s— chanjje  fo<Ml  and  j,Mve: 

''"l"ur I  teacupful. 

nirarlM.n.iteiif  ,S<Mlii ,  t..i^i«i<.iiful. 

'^•'"K'''' 3  tcaspoi  111  fills. 

I^flUilamim 1  ti'as]xwnfiil. 

Wntcr ,  ,j„art. 

Afix  aiiil;;i\e  its  a  drink  tluii-  tiriu  -.  a  day. 

Also  pivc  a  teaspoonful  of  Blood  I-lour  in  a  little  water  to 
each  piR  three  times  a  day.  Have  a  mixture  of  charcoal,  har.I- 
wcxxl  ashes  and  salt  when'  the  animals  can  >,'el    ,t  it. 

TURNING  OUT  OF  THE  RECTUM  OR  BACK 
BOWEL.- 

Ca7tsrs. — Gencrall\  caused  in  younp  swine  hy  Rettinp  too 
much  dry  food.  The  bowels  become  costive,  and  while  straining' 
to  pass  manure  the  bowel  is  turned  out.  Or  where  pij^s  rise  on 
their  hind  feet  in  the  jkii  when  fed;  by  beinj;  cau^^ht  while  trying 
to  jump  s<tme  low  fejic  •  the  same  results  follow. 

Synif'fom!;  -The  hack  bovve!  hnl^jes  out  in  size  from  a  hall 
hen's  egg  to  doul)le  or  more  that  diitieusioii. 

Trr.vtmknt. — 

Syringe  the  protruding  [  .irt  with  hikewann  water,  ^ith  i 
ounce  Alum  or  Copperas  in  each  i|nan  Thoi  Highly  clean,  then 
oil  the  bulging  j)art  with; 

Molted  Lard 2  ])irls. 

i.audanuin i  jurt. 

And  push  it  back  to  its  normal  place.     If  a  small  pig  give  U  a 
drench  of: 

Kpsnin  Salts ?  U-a.spootfful.s. 

Lukewarm  Wattr ',  teaciiiil'iil 

And  give: 

I'luid  I'^xtiart  N'lix  Vomica y  to  5  drop.s. 

Castor  Oil 1  to  ^  .miircs. 

Three  times  a  ilay  for  a  few  days. 

Fasten  the  pig  so  that  it  cannot  get  Tip  on  it?  hind  feet. 
Watch  and  oil  and  push  back  each  time  as  soon  as  expelled.  In 
.'a5e  the  bowel  becomes  blackened  and  will  not  rem  ;iti  in,  let  it 


i)isi':asi:s  of  swink  5»5 

aloiii.  and  the  piece  of  dead  lw)wel  will  drop  off  of  its  own  accord, 
and  the  pig  may  be  all  right  in  a  week  or  so,  but  keep  the  bowels 
moving  freely  as  directed. 

WORMS.  -  Mostly  seen  in  young  swine. 
Symptoms. — The  animal  eats  plenty  but  does  not  thrive  well; 
sometimes  small  or  very  large  worms  may  be  seen  in  the  manure 

tlutt  passes. 

Tkkatmknt.— 

Give  a  handful  of  charcoal  and  hardwood  ashes  in  the  food 
twice  a  week.  Give  twice  a  day  to  each  6  to  8  pigs;  one  tea- 
spoonful  of  Copperas  in  their  food.     The  following  is  also  good; 

Turpentine %  tcaspoonfnl. 

Raw  I.iii:.ee<l  Oil  a  ounces. 

J/,'  t  . 

For  Tapeworni.s,  add  to  the  oil  and  Turpentine: 

Oil  Male  I'liii 15  to  30  drops. 

Arccii  N'ut  Towlor 1  teasixxinful. 

These  are  rarely  present  however. 

FITS  IN  YOUNG  PIGS  FROM  WORMS — 

Cause. — As  stated  in  title. 

Symptoms.— Ax.  first  pig  will  probably  be  noticed  as  not 
(hrivins.  After  a  time  it  h.'s  fits.  The  le>,'S  begin  jerking,  the 
JK-.ul  and  neck  bend  back,  and  it  champs  its  teeth,  and  after  a 
lime,  falls  over  as  if  dead.  In  a  short  time  it  gets  up  and  seems 
well  for  a  time,  and  then  another  fit  ensues,  until  finally  if  not 
relieved  it  dies. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

For  a  pig  two  months  old,  mix  and  pour  down  the  following 

drench: 

Turpentine Vt  teaspoonful. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil 'A  teacupful. 

Rejx'at  once  a  day  until  bowels  move  and  pig  is  relieved, 
after  which  feed  once  a  day  powder  as  recommended  in  treatment 
of  "Stunted  Pigs,"  and  once  a  day  Copperas  as  recommended 
for  Worms. 


i 


:a«i 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  cir.d  ISO  lESI    CHARI    N^     2 


1.0 


I.I 


m 

m 

m 


1.25    III  1.4 


1 2.5 
I  2.2 

12.0 
1.8 

1.6 


^     APPLIED  IM^GE     Inc 


I    r 
r 


f; 


&! 


5S6 


Till':  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


MANGE,  OR  SCAB. -Is  the  prodmt  of  a  parasite  (Sar- 
copeks  sitis)  and  should  not  be  tolerated  any  more  than  the  itch 
on  mankhid. 

Syinpfi'ins. — Itcliiny,  with  a  scurvy  condition  of  the  skin 

Tkkatmknt. — 

Give  at  once  and  thereafter,  once  a  day  for  two  weeks,  the 

(following: 

Suljihui  '2  ounce. 

Xitnilc  of  I'utish I  (Ir.ichiii. 

Mix  '.111(1  give  as  one  dose  in  the  fo..<l. 

Wash  the  animals  with  same  prLparation  as  recommended 
for  Scab  in  sheep;  e.sjjecially  the  Co:d  Tar  products.  Remo\e  to 
clean  (juarters,  with  new  bcddin;.;.  iJurn  olil  bedding  and  wliitc- 
wash  with  Ouicklime,  slakeil  with  water  iu  which  Carbolic  Acid 
has  been  added  in  the  proportion  of: 

Carbolic  Acid 3  parts. 

Water 100       " 

Paint  the  floor  cracks  and  all  surfaces  outside  and  in.  Do 
the  job  well. 

LICE. — Swine  that  are  infested  with  lice  will  not  do  well; 
and  there  should  be  nc  reason  for  their  having  them. 

Tre.\tmknt. — 

Put  2  teaspoonfuls  Creolin  isi  a  pint  of  water,  and  with  this 
solution  go  over  the  pig  carefully  with  a  brush,  rubbing  it  well 
over  him.  Make  a  second  ap-plication  in  about  one  week,  and  the 
cure  is  usually  complete.  Clean  pen  thoroughly  and  sprinkle 
Linie  on  the  floor.  Give  them  new  and  clean  bedding.  Wash 
pigs  with  some  of  the  Coal  Tar  products  or  with  Kerosene 
Emulsion: 

Kerosene  oil I  ;,'allon. 

Soft  Water i 

I lanl  Soaj) '1  ] )ouiiil. 

Cut  the  Sixip  into  shavings  and  dissolve  in  the  water  by 
boiling;  remove'  front  the  stove  atid  add  the  oil  while  the  suds  is 
hot,  and  churn  with  a  force  pump  until  a  thickish  white  cream  is 
formed:  then  add  about  12  gallons  more  of  soft  water  rtid 
thoroughly  mix,  and  the  ICmulsiot.  i^  ready  for  ^se.    Apply  wa^m. 


DlSHASi;S  01'   SWINJv 58? 

FOUNDER,  OR  SORE  FEET.-Tbis  is  not  an  un- 
common trouble  in  pigs  th^t  arc  fattcnniK.  when  shut  up  in  close 
(uuirters,  with  hard  lloors.  Driving  on  hard  roads,  or  givmg  .') 
feed  of  wheat  uhen  not  used  to  it,  will  also  cause  the  trouble. 

Vjv/.'/'.V,7/i.-  -The  actions  of  the  animal  in  trying  to  favor 
liis  front  feel  arc  obvious  indications  of  this  complauit;  front 
feet  kept  uut  in  front  of  him. 

^  ''""if  'in  sununer,  turn  the  alTccted  aninmls  out  where  they  can 
have  access  to  the  .utt  gro.md.  Pour  water  in  the  place  where 
they  lie  every  day,  as  tlie  ^^et  ground  will  be  healing  to  the  feet. 
Prepare  the  following: 

Sulvhur '^i  V^'lf- 

Salti^Llcr '■2 

J/i.r  aii.l  K'vo  I  tcaspooiiful  to  each,  twice  a 
(lav  ill  soft  or  litjui'l  fooJ. 
In  winter  keep  in  dry,  warm  place,  and  keep  bowels  active 
with  ICpsom  Salts,  and  give  Saltpeter  as  above;  feed  light,  s  oppy 
food.     In  bad  cases  i>oultice  the  sore  feet,  and  the  animal  will 
soon  be  well. 

WOUNDS.— Wounds  may  arise  from  various  sources- 
the  bite  of  a  dog,  or  of  other  hogs;  from  a  barbed  wire  fence,  from 
nails  or  from  other  causes. 

If  cerious  it  imv  be  best  to  sew  it  up.  using  needle  and 
thread  as  .lirected  in  H-usK  Di-rAUTMKNT;  put  in  stitche^  ibout 
34  of  an  inch  apart;  but  iirst  wash  out  with  warm  water  and 
apply  freely  Carb-uii.-  Acid  lotiu^n: 

Carln-lic  Acid 'A  °""«- 

WaUr '   l""^- 

A.ul  dress  ead,  dav  afierwa,<l  with  the  same  solution  by  inject- 
i„j,  ii   into  the  wound.      If  wouad    swells  and  looks  rea  inject 

daily  with:  „^^„^,e 

Acet.ite  ol  l.c.ii. ^^ 

Siili>li.ile  of /.iiic '^ 

CarlH'HcAcia >»     ." 

Water '  I""'- 


-it  |: 

'4:i 


f  tij 


•  '.t-J 


s^,/-*'.- 

^'^.;- 


•'•'..J 


58S 


TIIK  PKACTICAI,  STOCK  DoCToK 


CASTRATION.  ri;4S  should  be  eaitr.ilt.-.  1  ,it  from  two  tc 
three  wcl'kS  old;  never  delay  loii,i;er  than  the  nge  ct"  four  weeks, 
since  it  recjuires  about  three  weeks  to  recover  from  its  elTects 
before  bein^;  weaned. 

In   this  operation   with   all  animals    use    the    Carlwlic    Acid 

solution  freely: 

C.ul"-Iic  Aci.! '::    ..um:e. 

Water >   l'i"t. 

Ilavo  a  dish  of  it,  into  which  tlie  knife  and  anythinjr  else  to 
be  u>ed  durin-  the  operatiuu  are  placed  a  f  w  nimute^  befu.e 
conunencin-  to  operate,  an.l  when  the  knife  is  nut  bein«  u.ed 
during  the  operation,  place  il  back  in  the  solution,  a.r  not  down 
on  s..nie  dirty  board.  liefore  niakin;;  the  incision  into  the 
scrotum,  dash  a  little  of  the  st-hilion  onto  it  an.l  wa.sh  it  oil;  and 
after  finishing  the  operation,  just  before  letting  the  animal  up, 
dash  a  little  of  the  solution  into  each  wound.  If  there  is  any 
undue  swelling  after  a  day  or  two,  separate  the  edges  of  the 
wound  and  syringe  out  freely  with  this  soUui.ju.     Kepeat  daily 

if  necessary. 

The  operation  with  young  pigs  is  very  simple.  Let  an  assist- 
ant hold  the  pig  on  its  back,  witii  it>  head  ar.d.  .shoulders  between 
his  knees  and  the  legs  spread  apart.  With  a  sharp  knife  cuf 
down  into  the  scrotum,  and  onto  the  te:,ticle;  press  it  out  Ironi 
the  scrotum  and  cut  the  thin  attachment  holding  the  tesiicle  tc 
front  of  >crotum,  and  with  a  jerk  break  the  cord;  or  the  cord  may 
be  -ut  with  a  dull  pair  of  shears  to  prevent  bleeding  l)a.sh  into 
the  wounds  a  little  of  the  C^irbolic  suhiliuu.  If  there  is  .welling 
the  second  dav,  inject  with  the  Carbolic  solution. 

To  castrate  a  boar,  catch  and  turn  liiin  on  his  b.i.  k  and  tie 
him  securely.  Place  the  right  liand  under  the  testicle  and  press 
it  up  to  what  is  the  top  of  the  scrotum  as  the  hog  lies  on  \m 
back;  then  take  hold  of  the  testicle  with  the  left  hand,  and  with 
a  sharp  knife  in  the  right,  make  an  incision  in  the  scrotum  large 
enough  to  allow  the  testicle  to  come  out  easily;  commence  the  cut 
at  the  upper  part  so  that  there  will  be  no  pocket  after  hog  is  up 
As  soon  as  testicle  is  out,  separate  the  covering  from  the  testicle. 
where  it  is  attached  on  the  front  >ide,  by  cutting  the  thin  attach- 
ment     Pull  the  testicle  and  cord  out  three  or  four  inches  and  tie 


h'  ■  \ 


DISKASF.S  Ol'   TAVINI', 


5S9 


I  ! 


1  ,iM,ilv  -iroiuHl  th3  cord  to  prevent  bleulinK';  l^^'ve 

■,::;:;"  t: :.. ,'  ;,::"i.' i.^»..  =,.....  ..,00  ofE^,..n..cu 

hie     can  be  reCKni.ed  by  the  fact  that  on  rre.snrc  th.y  .dl  ,u  . 
svhit.i  can  ne  re     «  pressure  is  removed 

„.ill  «..  »ck  to  1<1  -    <■-     ■     "     ;^,,   ,„  „„;,„  u,d;.  n,„l  tl.cy 
will  ,.f  tliu  p.s  tvdl  tip  "I"'':  >""  .        ,       „,„^s.  iN.Mit 

„,„ .,,  ,„„. .,.,..  «i-«  : ;;  t ::,:,;«.' .......  .„„ ,.. 

covermg  next  to  tUe  itsiiei-,  ,,,    .^,.- ...  jr-.w  iV.eni  down 

covering  an.l  pr.ss  it  -'^;f-f  ^  ^  T^  ^^:;w  the  cord  and 
^-'^r^^^'-^'^rt'ai  ^tu;  t^tld^  antl  covering  one  inch 
rTTSe  1^^  ^^e.uard  against  the  bowel  connn.  ont. 

.r  \fs   Tn.^  shps  off,  the  incision  in  the  scrotnm  catr  be 
,n  case  tne  st r  n     ^hi  ,  .^  ^^^^_  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^         , 

T:;;'  ^  on' 0  ^iUdi  and  syringe  ont  the  .ound  wUh  the 
cXl"  ^u  sohUion.  If  rnptnred  on  one  side  on,>  re.ncn-e 
.y        Lr  testicle  first.     If  a  snmll  pi,,^  let  him  ru,i  with  others, 

lightly  for  a  i'ew  days. 

PARALYSIS.-Sometimes  a  pig  will  beeome  paralysed  in 
its  rear  liu.b.  beiu.^  nnable  to  use  these  members. 

r«.5...-Sotnetimes  obscure,  at  other  times  per'aaps  due  to  a 
blow  or  other  injury  to  the  back. 

<;.mMnms  -The  animal  has  lost  all  trse  of  the  rear  limbs, 

animal  may  appear  quite  normal. 


;:1 ! 
'•I  i 


■*■''( 


I  f 


i  \ 


i 


590 


THI':  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Tkkatmknt. — 

Rallicr  unsatisfactory:  feed  on  laxativ'-  food  and  pive  thi-o 
times  a  da\'  in  tlie  feed  5  to  10  drojm  of  I-'Iird  Mxtraet  of  Nun 
Vomica.  Apply  to  the  loins  once  a  da\  with  lilieral  nibbing  ■■ 
goodliuimcnt,  as: 

Str'iiig  Aqua  Aimiionin 2  (inticcs. 

Tiiipc-iititie 3         " 

R.iw  l.iii'-cf'l  < 'il 4        " 

RHEUMATISM.— I'iRS  sometimes  seem  to  lie  affected 
with  this  trouble^.  While  the  exact  eau>t,>  is  not  known,  animals 
kept  in  <lark,  damp  (piarteis  without  opijjortunity  for  exercise  aie 
most  subject  to  disorder. 

5>'w/'/fW/5.-" These  vary  somewhat-  tlic  animal  may  be  dtdl, 
partially  otT  feed,  and  wlun  it  moves  does  so  as  if  sore  and  still 
all  over;  in  a  mure  se\ere  ca>t-,  animal  n\fty  refuse  to  yfii  lip,  and 
cries  with  pain  when  forced  to  inuve;  liuilvi  uuiy  be  swelled. 

TkKATMHXT. — 

Place  in  a  warm,  dry  place,  well  littered,  and  feed  sloppy 
food.  P"or  medium  sized  animal  vjw  3  ounces  of  Kpsom  Salts. 
Also  tile  foUowini;: 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter I,'i  ounces. 

I'hiid  Kxlrut  Cok-liiomii  St  I'll }i  ilr.irhni. 

riuid  I'xtract  IU.lI,\<U>ii:ia I         " 

Water S  or. noes. 

Dose:     1  ounce  four  titnos  a  day. 

Also  <::;ive  li  drachm  of  Salicylic  Acid  in  a  little  inillc  three 
or  f(nir  times  a  day.  Keep  ccjvered  with  wrxjleii  blankets. 
Bottles  of  lujt  water  placed  anjund  the  aiiitual  under  the  blanket 
would  he  ^ood. 

BLACK  TEETH  IN  YOUNG  PIGS. -These  arc  small, 
black  teeth  that  arc  found  in  the  mouth  of  younp:,  new  born  ])ii:;s 
and  which  continue  to  t,aow  for  some  time  after:  but  after  a  time 
they  may  drop  out  of  their  own  accord.  Sometimes,  liowevcr, 
they  grow  in  such  a  manner  as  to  cut  the  tongue  or  cheek,  and 
unless  attended  to  cause  the  pig  considerable  annoyance. 


tl 


DISEASES  OV  SWINE 


!;9i 


unthriftiness. 

,„„,  n;;;;;;,7a  wu  i" ....  «-■. .--  --^^  -'* » ^'°-  "■■" 

the  like. 

once.     If  .  valuable  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^t  ^^  U.  trial  of 

::-- j::^;ta:.;in^ioti..  -^v  i^,--- ir:^  'r^  ^ 

,,„pe  .vitu  .,  knife  to  ,et  out  a  V^^^  ^ ^^  j,,,dle.  Set 
,.y  duicker,  then  roll  U  up  ^ '^ .^^ ^f;  ^^/^o,,  n^oderately 
the  broken  bone  in  V^^  ^^^^^^^Za^^  straight  until 
ti.ht.  After  ,t  ,s  on  '^-Pj'-J'^!;,^,^^,  ,i,,,  ,.edins  it  so  it 
the  ban.la-e  hardens,     keep  the  anun  ^^^^ 

will  not  have  to  stir  around.     In  three  or  f  '"^  ^^^^f '  ^^  -^ 

.,  .  hea.d,  remove  band^  ^/C^,:,   Lf  ^^^  c.uiet 

;:r:;d:i~---b^^^^  --^ 

Sicle  in  HuKSK  DEPAkt^u.xT  for  fuller  detads. 

FARROWING,  OR  PIGGING. -The  average  time  of 
,e.t^;^f^  is  -ree  ninths,  U,ree  ^^  a.1  three  ^ 
^here  is.  ^^ .,  a^natu.  of     ro. J^ent.^  .^^  ^_J^^  ^^^^ 

Young  and  weak  ^o^^^  -">    ^^       ^^^^'^^^  ^,,  ,  ^alf  the  sow 
older  an<?  stronger  ones.     In  ai^ou    a  farrowing  time. 


1:' 

■n  i! 

■  '4 


,*-'ik 


it 


i.4 


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'  -•■ '; 


-  A, 


^02 


THI'   PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


teat  is  taken:  then  n  teniperriture  of  tiot  under  50  fin  \vciiil(l  tm 
better — is  iiccL>sary  for  tlieir  doini;  well.  Just  bcfure  the  time 
approaches,  the  sow  beconies  uneasy  and  starts  to  make  her  lied. 
If  disturbed  she  makes  a  fuss  and  stems  excited.  Wh.en  the  bed 
is  made  she  seems  sick  and  lies  down;  the  labor  pains  coine  on; 
she  will  strain  and  the  water  baj;  will  appear  and  break.  If  all  is 
riRlit  she  will  .soon  be  delivered  of  one;  the  front  feet  and  head 
should  come  first,  but  sometimes  the  hin<l  feet  come  first.  In  a 
few  minutes  she  will  strain  as^ain  ami  atiother  will  soon  bj  tleliv- 
ered,  and  soon  until  the  litter  is  comjilete.  After  this  tli-.re  is 
usually  no  trouble,  u.nless  there  is  too  much  bedding  and  she 
smothers  or  lies  on  the  pi^s.  Sometimes  in  farrowing  a  pi.t;  will 
come  crooked  and  KCt  Iodi;ed  in  the  passa.i::c,  in  which  c;!Se  the 
sow  must  be  assisted.  The  pij;  may  be  eoniini,^  head  first  w  ith  the 
front  feet  turned  back,  or  comin;^  breech  first  with  the  le,t;s  turn.'ti 
in  imder  it,  and  in  examination  all  you  can  feel  is  the  tail  and 
rump.  If  the  sow  is  large  enough,  oil  with  Carbolizcd  Lard  and 
pass  your  hand  into  the  passage;  if  the  front  legs  are  turned 
l)ack,  shove  it  back  into  the  womb;  catch  the  legs  with  yoiu' 
finger  and  bring  tliem  up  even  with  the  liead,  then  pcill  legs  and 
it  will  come  right.  If  coming  backward  and  the  hind  legs  are 
turned  under,  shove  the  pig  back  into  the  womb  and  straighten 
out  the  legs  so  that  the  hind  feet  will  come  first.  In  doing  this 
kind  of  work  always  have  the  hand  well  oiled  and  try  and  not 
bruise  the  passage,  for  it  will  swell  and  make  the  work  still 
more  difficult.  If  the  pig  is  crowded  well  back  in  the  passage- 
way with  the  front  feet  bent  back,  it  may  be  possible  to  extract 
it  without  correcting  the  position  by  catching  hold  of  the  head 
witli  a  pair  of  pig  forceps,  or  by  slipj)ing  a  looped  string  into  the 
mouth  and  slipping  it  down  tight  onto  one  of  the  j^nvs,  or  by 
crowding  the  looped  end  beyond  the  head  and  twisting  down 
tight.  A  hooked  wire  may  be  used  to  advantage  at  times, 
especially  if  the  pig  is  dead.  A  pig  should  not  be  allowed  to 
block  the  passageway  for  any  great  length  of  time,  as  tliose  un- 
born are  apt  to  die  if  the  straining  is  kept  up.  Gentleness  is 
required  in  all  this  work,  and  everything  used  should  be  clean 
and  well  oiled.  Read  discussion  of  subject  in  Horse  and  Cattlb 
Dbpartments. 


i)i^i:.\si:s  OF  SWIM'.     593 

FEVER  IN  sows.— This  disease  is  occasionally  met 
Willi  in  sows,  from  xaryin,:;  caii.-cs. 

Sj'ii/f'/,w!s. —Whvu  the  pi-s  are  f.irrowcl  and  ko  to  tl'.e  teat 
they  can '-;ct  no  lailk,  and  ..n  cxaniination  it  will  he  found  that 
Uic' teats  are  soft  instead  of  heir.K  fnll  ^md  ha:d,  showing  that  nr 
milk  is  heit;-  secreted.  The  sow  seems  sick  and  is  fevensh; 
tikes  hut  liltl-  (.r  no  notice  of  the  little  ones;  will  not  eat,  hut  is 
v.'ry  thirstv  and  will  drink  a  svreat  deal  if  whe:-e  she  can  get  it. 

'r,<l' ATMI-.NT.— 

To  a  Kood  sized  sow  give  4  ounces  of  l-.psom  Salt&     Also 

'^'^'^'  SwcL-t  Spirits  of  Niter '2  -iin're. 

Fluid  ]-:xlr.ict  of  ItelUidMiiti.i 5  t'>  10  drops. 

riiiid  I'.xlractof  Nu-^  Vonii.-.i 10 

^Valcr 4  f'linces. 

Repeat  four  tunes  a  d  ly. 
Give  soft  feed,  bathe  milk  .glands  three  times  a  day  with  hot 
water,  rubbing  dry  after  each  bathing  and  rubbing  freely  with: 

Spirits  of  Camphor 3  p.irts. 

Tu.pentine ir"-t- 

Wipe  off  anv  excess  of  liniment  so  it  will  not  irritate  the  pig's 
mouth.  Keep  'the  pi^'s  sucking  to  eticourage  a  flow  of  milk. 
Feed  the  pii;s  milk  from  a  new  milch  cow,  reducing  the  milk 
one-third  with  water  and  sweetening  it  with  sugar.  Feed  with 
a  spoon  or  let  them  stick  from  a  bottle.  By  keeping  up  treatment, 
not  forgetting  to  keep  pigs  at  the  teat  as  much  as  possible  for  a 
few  days,  the  sow  will  probably  come  round  to  normal  condition. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  MILK  GLANDS  IN  A 

Causes.— Catching  cold;  losing  part  of  the  litter,  and  not 
having  enough  pigs  to  keep  the  milk  glands  properly  drained 
out,  for  which  reason  they  get  so  full  of  milk  as  to  swell,  become 
sore  and  inflamed. 

Sy»f/>foms.—Sow  is  dull,  feverish,  may  refuse  to  eat;  when 
pigs  suck  it  causes  pain,  and  they  do  not  get  much  milk;  milk 
Plands  are  found  on  examination  to  be  swollen,  hard  and  tender 
ta  touch. 


I 


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f .( 


'J:'' 


594 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Give  the  S..W  ^  ounces  of  Epsom  Salts.     Also  .uive  the  f..l- 
lowiuK'  ,     , 

S:,UiHler 3  .lr:ich.n.. 

inuid  I'Mr.'.l.  r.c!'Ma..nn,. I  .Inclim. 

..•  ,^,j.  S  iiuiULS. 

/>,,sf;     I  ..iincf  of  Ihi;  Mihilioii  three  tiiiiis  a 

Bathe  tin-  •■lands   for  an  hour   thrcL-  tinio^  a  ,1:,y  with  hot 

water,  rnh  dry  after  tach  bathing-,  an.i  a^'U  with  liberal  ruM.inK' 
Camphorateil  Oil,  or: 

Spirits  CaiMphor... i  ">'y- 

Witch  Ha/il > 

Turpc-ntiiic •   "^"';  *•• 

I'hiiill'.xtrai-t  I'.cll.Ml-ni- ■ i 

Tf  any  al.see^SLS  form  o],mi  iuul  v.ish  out  with  a  Carbolic 
Acid  sohitinn.      In  severe  cas<;s  wean  tlu:  in-s. 

EVERSION   OF    THE    WOMB,    OR    PIG    BED 

TURNED  OUT.  — This  is  sometimes  a  reMiU  of  farrownii.' 
where  th.e  sow  lies  in  ,i  place  where  her  hind  <inarters  are  lower 
than  the  front;  the  womb  works  b.-ick  in  tlie  pas.saj;e,  causmg  hei 
pain;  .she  strains  and  forces  the  womb  inside  out. 

Sm/'/o,>,s.—Arc  obvious.  The  ^vomb,  or  pi^  bed,  which  i- 
turned  out  behind,  is  larger  than  a  man'.s  head,  and  in  a  short 
time  becomes  very  red  and  .swollen. 

Tri-,.\tmknT.—  .  ,,       . 

As  «oon  as  seen,  bathe  the  womb  by  potirm?;  cold  water  over 
it  to  red;.ee  swelling,  and  cleanse  it.  Apply  the  water  for  fifteen 
,0  thirtv  minutes,  and  then  pottr  over  it  a  h.ttle  Carl,ohe  Aad 
..  ,lntion'-Carbolic  Acid,  2  teaspoonfuls;  water,  i  pmt.  Have  a 
couple  of  men  raise  the  sow's  hind  parts  straight  up  while  yoo 
retirn  the  wontb.  beginning  at  the  passage.  Keep  tunung  in 
until  all  is  in  the  passage.  Now  oil  hand  and  wrist  with  Carbol- 
i-/ed  Lard -CarbV-ic  Acid,  i  teasponnful;  Melted  Lard,  4  ounces- 
n..<i  ^^...  hand  intV  passage.  T.nshin-  the  womb  back  into  place, 


DISEASES  OF  SWHCK 595 

As  soon  as  do.K..  sew  u{.  th.  vulva,  or  ctUrnucc  to  passage,  rul- 
,i„e  two  or  three  .kep  stitches  across  it,  ju.t  leaving  ..^1..,,:, 
.„,!;,Kl.  at  the  botton>  tor  sow  to  urinate.  Leave  M.telu  s  n.  fn  m 
two  to  four  day.  until  she  stops  straining  t^-»  cut  an.  pul 
them  out.     If  she  keeps  straining'  ..fter  won.l.  is  replaced,  ;;ivc  as 

a  drench:  ,,  „„„,.^. 

LaiKliiium * 

l.-Iui.l  I'.xtract  IVll;;.l<mn,-i ■"  'l'-"I«- 

In  a  littU- \v;Uer, 
Repeat  in  two  hours  if  not  relieved,  ar.d  conti.n.e  to  .lo  so 
o,.ce  in  three  or  f-ur  hours  until  stiainiu^^  stops,  and  apply  to  the 
loins  lar^^e  cloth-,  wrun^  out  from  hot  water.  Cne  llu-  m.w  3 
ounces  I'psom  Sails  and  fee-l  li^'htly  upon  5h>ppy  food  lor  f.,ur  or 
five  days.      A!-o  Kive  the  following: 

^w.-.t  Spitil'^  of  Niter ^  uuncv^. 

I.-lui.l  Extract  lU-n.»Umn, I  <hacln... 

inui.l  r.xtract  Aconite >,i  <^^"V- 

,,,  .  H  ounces. 

Water 

/J,>s, :    I  ounce  ihr^ •■  li'ius  .i  i!:iy. 

INFLAMMATION    OF    THE    WOMB.      This    is  an 

inflamed  condition  of  the  wotub  which  sometimes  f-^''--^^^^; 
rowine-  it  is  apt  to  result  where  the  wo.nl.  h:is  hecn  everted,  it 
^o  :t:tdts  froL  r„u«h  a:>d  carcU-.s  assistance  at  farrown.g  .. 
from  farrowinu  in  a  fdlhy,  -la.np  place;  and  agau.  ,t  occurs  when 
there  seems  to  have  been  no  cause. 

5,7«/./.^'/>-.-It  comes  on  from  one  to  five  or  six  days  after 
farrowing;  at  first  aninud  nu.y  appear  to  be  dou>g  tncely  but 
r^r  slu^;  dullnos.  refuses  feed,  des.res  to  he  down,  gues  httle 
or  no  milk,  apt  to  show  great  thirst,  n>ay  evn,ce  pam  when  Hank 
H       ."ed  against,  vulva  is  apt   t<,  be  swelled  wUh  a  chscharge 

ron,  it;  the'udn>al  has  a  fever,  the  ten.pcratt.re  bemg  from  ton 
to  .iK  degrees  above  normal  (norn;al  temperature  of  pig  about 

102  degrees). 

'^""'^GW^^rsarue  treatment  as  rcconunended  for  the  after- 
treatment  in  throwing  -mt  of  the  won,!.,  giving  about  hvetnnesa 
!iav  mstead  of  three.     The  Laudanum  and  Belladonna  given  for 


l< 


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1 


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,,/>  Till-,  I'KACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTUR _^ 

the  >tiaiiiiiH',  n.ay  "f  coitr-u  li^-  oiuilkil.     Apply  l.laiil.:<.ts  wruii^j 
fn.mliol  w.ittt  to  ilic  loins,  cliam;iiiu  lrt-|UciUly.     Al><)  %\vll  fo 
flusii  out  llie  wniiib  twice  a  <lay  with  the  tullowitijij: 
Warm  W  itiT  ItctniH-ratiirc   li.S    !•■       i  i|U:iil. 

C.irliohc  Aci.l •'*   It-.i-l "'^'f "'■''• 

Alum  h  i.'»iKe. 

To  tiRc  take  a  piece  cf  rubber  tiibiiiK  with  ftinnel  in  om-  end, 
oil  the  other  end,  insert  gently  into  the  viiIv.t,  elevate  the  lunn.-l 
and  pour  the  solution  into  it  Wateh  for  a  little  time  to  sec  th;it 
any  straining  which  may  follow  does  not  throw  out  llu-  womb 
r.ive  but  little  sloppy  fno<l  if  sow  desires  to  eat;  fied  piRS  as  in 
"  Farrowing;  Feve.-." 

THUMPS.  -This  is  a  disease  which  attacks  small  pigs 
generally  before  weaning. 

Ciusrs.—The  disease  is  a  result  of  a  spasmodic  contraction  <  f 
the  diaphrau"b  the  exact  cause  of  which  is  unknown.  Seen  most 
often  in  overfat  pi^S,  which  do  not  have  sufficient  exercise. 
Before  the  disease  attacks  them  they  are  l)eautiful  lookinij 
little  fellows. 

Svw/>f<mis.—Thc  animal  is  afTected  with  a  sort  of  hiccoug^  , 
which  is  more  or  less  continuous;  this  causes  a  jerking  of  tl.e 
both-,  a  sort  of  thumping,  and  hence  the  name.  May  also  get  a 
heavy  beating  of  the  heart.  The  little  fellow  refuses  to  eat,  is 
nnich  depressed  and  unless  relieved  will  die. 

Trkatmknt. — 

Prevention  is  better  than  cure;  with  heavy,  milking  sows, 
where  the  pig>  are  apt  to  bccotnc  ninluly  fat,  see  to  it  that  both 
mother  and  pigs  take  a  good  nmount  of  exercise;  also  keep 
the  bowels  of  mother  active  by  tise  of  laxative  food.  To  pigs 
which  are  afTected  with  the  disease,  give  from  a  teaspoonful  to  a 
tablespoonful  of  Ivpsom  Salts,  and  i  to  3  tablesiwontuls  of  Castor 
Oil.     Also  give  the  following: 

Aromatic  Spirits  of  A.iinionia...     2  tcaspoonfuls. 

TiiH-turc  Ditiitalis %  tcaspouuful. 

Lau'luium I 

Tincture  r.enaiionna I  " 

Water 4  ounces. 

Dose:  Teaspoonful  to  small  piji  before  wean- 
inK;  repeat  every  two  to  four  hours. 


I)1Si.;asi;s  oi-  swinic 


597 


If  on.  pi«  of  the  UttcT  shows  trouhlo.  k^c  the  r.-nainacr  a 
,as.uve.-.'i  more  exercise;  aud  also  «uc  the  mother  4  ounce. 
uf  lCl»om  Salts. 

HOW  TO  RING  A  PIG.-Thcre  are  many  who  do  not 

iHjie^^he  practice  oi  rn..n„  swine,  .xccpt  h-r  .t^k  tha    u. 

!^^  nefa.  cncl    or  fcl   in  the  felds  with  that  end  n.  v.ew.  Mnce  U 

,        ''1  from  uettin«  fo.xl  in  the  natural  way-hy  nK,t.nR. 

i;;r  :;^    :  '       ;. ':"d  of  a  sn.all  n...  slip  it  into  the  .nin.aVs 

on  h  and  draw  it  ti.ht  over  the  upper  jaw.  and  have  the  n.I. 

overahcun   to  draw  the  he:ul   np  tight:  1-- I— ^^ ';^^,^. 

rllv    -md  while  the  ho,  pulls  back,  close  the  r,..g -n  its  nose 

:^:r;.:c;uchnotover.;ofaninchonthe.ristl.tl^.sc^^ 

,.y  pressiu,  on  an.l  closing  pincers  over  the  m.^.  bee  that  nuKS 
Ire  not  ru.ty.  and  put  n.  frou>  one  to  three  ru.gs.  according  to 
age  and  si/.e. 

Note.  -Swi..e  are  st:bject  to  n,any  other  .lisorders  the  sarne 
•  s  o-lr  aniuKds.and   need   the   same  treatn.ent   for  these   d.s- 
:  rdl  as  Iscr-bed  in  the  other  departments,  dosing  accoratng  .0 
ze. 


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POULTRY 

DISEASES  AND  THEIR  TREATx'VlENT 


APOPLEXY.— 

rrt.viw.  -The  cause  of  this  disease  is  over-feeding  and  con- 
fiiieineiit  in  close  quarters;  with  hens,  perliaps  the  straining  in 
layhig  the  egg. 

Symphnis. — In  mild  cases  the  fowl  may  be  moping  for  several 
days,  but  usually  the  trouble  is  not  noticed  until  it  falls  and  dies 
with  hardly  a  struggle. 

Treatmknt. — 

There  is  generally  no  opportunity  for  treatment;  in  a  mild 
case  the  same  treatment  as  for  vertigo  would  be  indicated.  The 
prevention  lies  in  pleiUy  of  exercise  and  abstinence  from  over- 
stinuilating  food  and  well  ventilated  quarters. 

VERTIGO;  CONGESTION  OF  THE  BRAIN.— 

Crt-«t.?.— Usually  c.iused  by  strong  feeding  and  lack  of  room 
for  exercise;  worms  in  Uie  digestive  tract;  exposure  to  hot  sun. 

Symptoms. — The  fowl  runs  in  a  circle  with  but  little  control 
of  its  legs,  or  runs  Ijackward  with  head  thrown  up,  and  in  some 
cases  falls;   has  convul-ive  movements  and  may  die. 

Trk.vtmknt. — 

As  soon  as  noticed  hold  the  head  of  the  fowl  tnider  a  stream 
of  cold  water,  which  will  soon  give  'elief.  About  ro  gr.iins 
Jalap  may  be  uiveu  after  the  water  treatment,  or  a  laxative  in  the 
form  of  about  'j  drachm  of  I'.psom  Salts  or  a  tablespoonful  of 
Castor  Oil.  If  due  to  worms,  treat  to  remove  these.  Keep  on  a 
low  diet  and  in  a  cool  place. 

CATARRrI,  OR  COLD.- 

Caiiscs.—th^  causes  are  damp  iwultry  houses,  and  roosting 
in  exposed  situations  or  in  drafts. 

59S 


DISEASHS_0F^P0UL1'^ ^ 

Sympionts.-lr.  simple  catarrh  cr  eld  there  vvill  ^'^  «^^";"f 
of  the  eyelids,  a  watery  or  other  discharge  fro,n  the  nostnls,  and 
the  face  n.ay  be  more  or  less  swollen  at  the  sides.  In  very  bad 
casel^he  breathing  may  be  interfered  wHh  and  the  fowls  appear 

dull. 

'^''"'R™rt7dry  and  better  charters.  Give  warm  food  liber^ 
ally  du'ed  with  rapper.  In  had  cases,  wash  n.outh.  nostrds  and 
eyes  with  an  astringent  wash,  as: 

Alum,  orBoracic  A.i.I '^  °"'«=«- 

Water • '  l'"^'" 

Let  the  bird  inhale  steam  from  water  into  which  has  been 
put  a  little  Camphor  and  M  teasp.on.nl  Muul  lixtract  Belladonna. 

BRONCHITIS  (Sometimes  Called  Croup). - 

Ca«5«.-  Results  when  the  effects  of  a  co..;  extend  into  the 

air  passages  of  the  lungs.  .      .  *^ 

Sympfnns.  -There  will  be  a  cough.  raisn>K  of  the  head  to 
breatt  a  more  or  less  offensive  su^ell,  dullnes..,  and  upon 
l"e,tg  to  the  breathing,  a  blowing  or  whee.u.g  sound  may  be 
heard  at  the  base  of  the  neck. 

''^'''mJ^^'^'^irly  warm,  clean,  light,  well-ventilated  quarters. 

lu   severe  cases  mix  and  give: 

Calomel _^>^™"- 

Tartar  Emetic -' 

Let  the  fowls  drink  the  following  solution: 

Clilorate   of  r»tassium )i  "'""^f- 

,       -ii-.  t .  2  (luarls. 

Stean.  the  head  as  in  Catarrh.  Some  recommend  lo  drops 
of  TuriKntineinatea.p.nnfnlof  Castor  Od  ^vv|ce  a  day  As  a 
prevention  have  proper  car.,  cleanliness  and  good  ventdat:on. 

ROUP     CONTAGIOUS  CATARRH.- 

Causes.   -Roup  is  a  highly  contagious  disease,  and  o..e  of  the 
principal  ones  thai  affl.ct  poultry.    While  x.eglected  colds,  or  coU, 


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THli  I'KACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


damp  cuiiditujiis  may  prcdispo-c  Ui  it,  the  real  cause  is  a  micro- 
organism— hence  its  cunlagious  naliire. 

Symploms. — Are  at  first  Hke  lliose  of  Catarrh  of  a  severe  type; 
but  it  terminates  in  a  thick;  ojiacjne  and  offensive  discharj,'e  from 
'he  nostrils.  Froth  appears  at  the  inner  corners  of  the  eyes;  the 
lids  swell  and  often  eyes  are  entirely  closed;  sides  of  the  face  are 
swollen,  and  l)ird  rapidly  loses  strenLrth.  presents  a  very  dejected 
appearance,  and  if  not  relieved  soon  dies. 

Tkkatmknt. — 

The  first  thint,'-  to  do  is  to  separate  all  afTccted  fowls  from  the 
well  ones.  The  separation  must  be  complete,  otherwise  all  will 
contract  the  disc.i^e.  Remove  the  healthy  to  new  (luarters,  as 
the  quarters  of  the  sick  are  infested  with  micro-organisms  of 
the  disease.  The  sick  may  be  left  where  they  are  if  quarters  are 
desirable. 

With  common  fowls  it  may  be  as  well  to  kill  and  burn  as  soon 
as  the  true  nature  of  the  disease  is  determined,  as  time  required 
for  treatment  makes  it  expensive. 

Have  dry,  warm  quarters,  free  from  drafts,  and  give  soft  anil 
stimulating  food.  Give  as  soon  as  possible,  for  a  small  fowl,  i 
teasp(K)nful,  or  for  a  lar.t;e  fowl,  i  tablespoonful.  Castor  Oil. 
Syringe  out  the  nostrils  with  a  small  syringe  inserted  in  the  slit 
of  the  roof  of  the  mouth:  also  the  eyes  with: 

Boracic  Aciil '•  ounce. 

Carbolic  Acid i  leaspjonful, 

Water i  pint. 

Three  or  fdur  hours  after  giving  oil,  give  the  following: 

Halsam  Copahia 'j  (luiice. 

Licorice  I\)wilcr '4 

Piperine %  1  Irachiii. 

Afix  anil  make  into  30  closes,  M\A  ),'i\e  i  two 
'ir  three  times  a  ilay.  Steam  head  as  in 
Catarrh. 

If  affected  fowls  continue  to  grow  worse,  kill  and  l)urn  them. 
Kerosene  Oil  is  also  reconnnonded,  injected  into  the  nostrils,  as 
is  Camphorated  Sweet  Oil:   and  alsc    Sulphate  of  Copper,    i  to 


>^?:"W!^f->  >:'Bi  " 


DISEASES  OF  POULTRY f>o^ 

z  teaspoonfuls  to  a  pint  of  water.  All  dishe.  used  should  be  disin- 
f..clcd  with  a  solution  of  Carbolic  Acid  or  some  e<inally  good  dis- 
infcclin<'  ilr.id.  The  house  where  the  sick  fowls  have  been  kept 
must  also  be  thoroughly  disinfected  and  not  used  for  other  poul- 
try for  a  time.     (See  "Disinfection"  under  Hoc  Di:i'Aktmknt.) 

DIPHTHERIA. -This  disease  by  some  is  considered  the 
same  as  R.,upor  Conta.^nous  Catarrh;  by  othe.s  it  is  considered 
to  be  a  dilTerent  disea-.-.  It  is  a  contagious  disease  and  is  intro- 
duced and  spread  the  same  as  other  contagious  disorders. 

<;y,„piom^  —The  svmptomsare  very  similar  to  those  of  Roup, 
about' the  only  difference  being  tlu.t  in  this  disease  there  form  on 
the  ton-ue,  in  the  mouLh,  throat,  and  perhaps  m  the  windpipe 
what  ar^e  called  false  membranes,  a  grayish  or  yellow  colored 
layer.  I  f  removed  the  tissues  underneath  are  left  raw  and  bleed- 
ing.    For  other  symptoms  see  "Roup." 

'The  treatment  is  about  the  same  as  Roup,  especially  the 
washing  of  the  affected  parts  with  Carbolic  Acid,  2  teaspoonfuls; 
Water,  i  pint.  Paint  tin-  false  membranes  with  Tincture  of 
Iodine      Glycerine  is  al-^o  good  to  apply  to  them. 

As  some  cases  are  recorded  where  children  seem  to  have  con- 
tracted this  <lisease  from  poultry,  keep  them  away  from  the 
atTected  fowls.  It  is  not.  however,  the  same  as  the  ordinary 
diphtheria  affecting  people. 

DIARRHEA.- 

r„vvv  --Inadequate  shelter;  cold,  wet  weather;  filth,  or 
from  reaction  after  constipation  caused  by  too  little  green  food; 
also  accompanies  various  diseases. 

5)'w/)/<'WJ.  —  Are  obvious. 

Tkkatmknt.— 

Remove  the  cause  ns  far  as  possible,  and  feed  on  warm 
harley  meal  liberally  sprinkled  with  powdered  chalk:  and   give 

four  times  a  day: 

Spirits  of  Camph-r 3  'I";?''- 

I,aii<!aiimu ■'' 

Tinrtiire  Catechu 5 


1      ! 


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fi02 


THR  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


In  a  pill  of  meal,  or  a  little  water.  It  is  sometimes  well  to  give  a 
tca^poonfiil  of  Ca?lor  Oil  at  first.  Give  from  i  to  2  teaspooniuls 
CopiK-rns  in  carh  pial  of  <lrinking  water.  One  dmHnn  Sul.nitrate 
of  Bismulh  in  a  lilile  I.iiisced  Meal  gruel,  divide,  iuto  30  doses, 
is  oftentimes  valuable. 

CHICKEN  CHOLERA.— 

Ov/^rs.  A  ccntagions  disease  canned  by  a  micro-organism, 
predisposed  by  overcrowded,  dirty  (lUarlers,  uuwhoksome  foo-l 
and  the  like. 

Sj»!/>f'.',>!s.-'Po\v\  has  a  slctpy,  droopy  look:  the  feathers 
roughen,  wings  droop,  liead  drawn  toward  the  body,  giving  the 
fowl  a  b.all-shaped  form;  is  very  tliirsty  and  has  slow  gait;  some- 
times sta-gering  and  falls  from  weakness.  Comb  and  wattles 
lose  their 'norn!:il  color,  generally  turning  pa'.c,  though  sometimes 
dark.  The  crop  fills  with  gas  and  mucus,  and  at  the  last  food  is 
not  digested.  There  is  diarrhea  with  greenish,  or  sulphurdike 
discharge;  passages  fre'iuent;  breathing  heavy  and  fast,  eyes 
close,  and  after  a  few  hours  the  fowl  dies. 

Tkkatment.^- 

First  separate  healthy  from  diseased  and  renovate  the  coops 
thoroughly;  saturating  the  roosts,  nt>or  and  sides  with  a  so- 
lution of: 

Carbolic  Aci.l '2   cunce. 

Wattr '  I""t- 

While  different  remedies  have  been  recommended  from  time  to 
time  in  the  treatment  of  this  disease,  it  is  doubtful  if  any  ot  them 
has  much  value.  Isokition  and  careful  di.Miifeclion  will  have  to 
be  relied  on  to  check  the  spread  of  the  disease.  It  is  often  best 
to  kill  and  burn  the  first  affected.  All  the  droppings  about  the 
yard  having  the  characteristic  color  of  the  disease  should  be 
gathered  and  burned  and  the  -rouiul  wot  wUh  the  Carbolic  Acid 
solution.     The  followiii;.;  solution  is  -onietiines  used- 


CatlHilic  .'\ciil 

Wattr 

Give  t  ttaspoonful  of  tilt: 


,.  .        I   U  uj-l'iooiifiil 

1   (|iiart. 

nlutioTi  llireetinies 


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DISIvASIvS  OF  POULTRY 603 

A  solution  of  Hyposulphite  of  Soda  is  also  used;  a  tea- 
spoonful  three  o.  four  times  a  day  of  the  solution  made  by 
dissolving  I  to  2  ounces  in  a  quart  of  water.  One  teaspoonfu  of 
Copperas  dissolved  in  ^i  pint  water,  and  a  teaspoonful  of  the 
solution  eiven  twice  a  day,  may  be  of  value. 

As  a  preventive  with  the  unaffected,  keep  them  strong  and 
viiiorous  by  the  use  of  good  feed  and  the  following  tonic- 

Gentian ^  o""=*=*- 

Cookini^  Soda 

Nux  Vomica '  """«-<^- 

Charcoal »  """^■«- 

Give  a  tablespoonful  in  the  feed  twice  a  day 
for  each  40  to  60  fowls. 
Thorough  and  continuous  disinfection,  and  the  isolation  of 
the  sick  as  soon  as  they  show  symptoms  of  sickness,  must  be  the 
principal  reliance  in  fighting  this  disease. 

PIP  -It  is  not  a  disease,  but  rather  the  result  of  one.  A 
scale  ot  crust  forms  on  the  tip  of  the  tongue,  as  the  result  of 
inflammation  of  the  mouth  from  various  causes,  perhaps  breath- 
ing through  the  mouth  when  nostrils  are  closed. 

Treatment  — 

•  Do  not  tear  the  scale  off,  but  rather  soften  it  and  thus  hasten 
its  coming  off.  If  result  of  breathing  through  the  mouth,  remove 
this  cause.  Moisten  the  tongue  with  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of 
Glycerine  and  Witch  Hazel.  Syringe  out  mouth  with  the  fol- 
lowing: . 

Chlorate  of  rot;.sh ^^  """«• 

Water '  1''"^- 

Or  with  Boracic  Acid  sa.ne  strength.     Give  teaspoonful  Casto; 

Oil  and  feed  on  soft  lood. 

GAPES.— 

Causes  —The  cause  is  a  parasitic  worm,  and  occurs  usually 
in  chickens  from  two  to  four  months  of  age.  The  worms  are 
found  in  the  win.ipipe  attached  to  its  hning.  The  fenjale  -.s 
about  one-half  inch  in  length;  the  male  only  about  one-half  t\u> 
length;  they  are  frequently  attarhod  to  each  other. 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


tfii?-  I 


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^jm/'/oms. — The  aflected  birds  are  seen  to  .c;ape  freqtuntly, 
hence  the  name.  In  bad  cases,  bctoiiie  weak,  uin^s  droop,  ccjiij^li, 
and  if  one  of  iht^  alTccted  is  destroyed  and  windpipe  opened  ana 
examined,  the  worms  may  be  seen. 

Tkhatmext. — 

To  cure  the  gapes  strip  a  stiff  feather  almost  to  the  .  p, 
dip  this  in  Spirits  of  Turpentine,  and  insert  it  into  the  o]K'!iin.i; 
to  the  windpipe  at  the  base  of  the  tongue;  turn  it  around  oiice 
or  twice  and  withdraw;  be  gentle  in  this  or  it  may  kill  the  chick. 
In.sert  feather  when  entrance  to  windjiipe  (tpc-ns  in  1)rentliing. 
Give  warm,  dry  shelter,  good,  soft  food  well  mixed  with  black 
pepper,  with  skim  milk  to  drink.  A  bit  of  Camphor  the  size  of 
a  grain  of  wheat,  daily,  is  recommended;  also  5  grain  doses  of 
Asafetida. 

In  the  case  of  very  you:ig  chicks,  who  suffer  most,  the  only 
remedial  treatment  that  seems  to  he  succts-ful  i:>  rtibbing  the 
neck  from  time  to  time  with  Lard  or  \'aseline.  thoroughly  mixed 
wit'i  a  little  Turpentine  C3  parts  of  the  Lard  or  \'aseline  to  i 
part  of  Turpentine).  This  treatment  shnr.ld  b'.'gin  licfore  the 
disease  makes  its  appearance.  It  will  not  help  a  chick  in  the  last 
stages  of  the  disease.  Pure  Turpentine  will  very  quickly  kill  a 
chick  when  rubbed  on  the  neck  over  th.c  trachea. 

All  the  healthy  should  be  separated  at  once  from  the  diseased 
and  put  where  the  diseased  have  not  been.  Tlioroughly  disinfect 
the  houses,  runs  and  coops  of  those  affecti'd  (see  under  "Roup") 
to  destroy  worms  or  eggs  whjch  may  be  in  these  places.  The 
birds  become  affected  by  taking  thewiinisor  eggs  witli  tlieir 
food. 

CROP-BOUND.— 

Causes. — Usually  irregular  feeding.  The  hungry  bird  stuffs 
his  crop  to  such  a  degree  that  the  whole  when  moistened  becomes 
a  hard,  compact  ma.ss.  Sometimes  a  bone  will  serve  as  a  nucleus 
for  other  material  to  gather  round. 

.SVw//('/;;5.— The  bird  is  dull,  refuses  feed,  appears  drowsy, 
atifi  ibi'  cror)  is  eidan.red  and  h.irdx 


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V   ■<i 


MMami^mmt^^.  ''i:'ii££*i^mA^^i<s^i^i»ak 


III 


DISEASEB  OF  POULTRY 


6(15 


Tkeatmknt.—  .  . 

Give  a  little  Castor  OU.  i  ter.spoonful.  After  giving  the  0.1 
nork  the  end  of  the  crop  nearest  the  throat  an.l  try  and  break  up 
;  rjniss  and  ...k  ,t  back  out  of  the  mouth  hold  the  head  down 
as  .t  ,s  worked  out.  By  a  little  patience  and  the  ---«":'^  ^^^ 
of  Oil  Uie  mass  can  get>erally  be  removed;  afterward  feed  lightly 
on  soft  feed  for  a  few  days. 

CANKER.—  ,   , 

Ca;.« 5.- Unsanitary  .luarters   and  musty   or   unwholesome 

food. 

S-,..A/c.«5.-Running  sores  on  the  head  and  in  the  mouth  or 
throai,  accompanied  with  a  watery  discharge  from  the  eyes 

Trkatment.— 

Wash  head  and  swab  out  the  mouth  and  throat  with: 

lioracic  Aci.l >^  ounce. 

Water '  P^°^- 

Swab  ulcers  with: 

,<    ._   1-     A„:,i  'A  ounce. 

C.'irbohc  Acid '^ 

Water '  P'"'" 

^rd  then  apply  a  little  burnt  Alum.     Feed  on  soft  food. 


RHEUMATISM.— 


G««...-Danip,  unwholesome  premises,  and  from  chickens 
rrmnins  about  in  the  dew  or  wet  in  early  season.  Cramp  is  pro- 
duced Ijy  the  same  causes. 

<,>;;,/>/cv«..-Most  apt  to  affect  feet  or  joint  above  swell  and 
and  become  painful;  bird  is  lame,  dislikes  to  stand  and  may  re- 
fuse  to  walk. 

Tkeatmicnt. — 

Prevention  is  very  important.  Good,  clean,  dry  quarters, 
with  plenty  of  nutritious  food,  varied  as  much  as  i>ossible,  is  neces- 
sary in  the  treatment.     The  affected  bird  may  also  be  given  a 


s 


pr 


1  I 


n 


M  I 


.^l-i 


fi^ 


iiiiili' 


! 


6t>A  Tin;  ruAcricAi,  SPuCK  doctor 

lax.!ti\c;    I'.psoin  .Salts,  Jj    tcaspooiiliil.     Al>u  yi\c  three  timus 
a  day  a  iuliiliuii  of: 

Salic>l!c  Aii'l I  drirhni. 

Water 1  iiuiices. 

Di'sc:  I  tcasi/oonful. 

Apply  Spirits  Camphor  and  Laudanum,  0(iual  parts,  tc  the 
s\vcllinj,'S. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  EGG  PASSAGE.-The 

disea^e  is  rare,  but  somclinios  occurs. 

Sy)iip/oiiis. — If  the  innamiiiatiou  is  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
passage,  the  e^R  is  without  shell;  if  at  the  middle  portion,  the 
membrane  is  mis>hapen  or  iiioinpletc:  if  the  whole  passage  is  in- 
fiamed,  the  j-olk  is  j'assed  out  without  any  covering;  also  get 
ijiisshaiiened  c;^i;s  ami  e<;^'S  without  yolk,  or  eggs  with  more  or 
Ic^s  blood.  The  laying  of  soft  shelled  eggs  is  not  an  evidence  of 
itillammation;  it  may  l)e  fr<;m  btiiig  driven  about,  or  from  lack 
of  lime  material.  In*  inlhiinniaiiou  there  will  Ix;  fever,  and  the 
fdtluTS,  <)\er  the  b.ick  es])ccially.  will  be  ruttled,  the  heu  moping 
.iiid  at  tiuie.^  tiyiiig  to  dischari^e  contents  of  the  passage. 

TkI'.x  r.Mi;.\T.  — 

The  following  is  good: 

Caloiiitl r  f»rain. 

Tartar  ICmetic ,'3       " 

(iive  ill  a  littk-  (jclatine. 
Or:    F.psom   Salts,    ]{:    teaspoonfnl;    nive   in   a   little  watei , 
Keep   the    hen    on    nourishing    but    in-t    ■.liuiulating    food,   and 
give  1  tea.si)oonful  of  the  f<jllo\vin:.;  lliree  times  a  day: 

Co()l;ini;  Soila i  tcaspoonful. 

Tinrture  of  Aconite 10  ilrojis. 

'i  inciuro  of  KcUadDiina 20      " 

W.itvr 3  ounces. 

If  the  fov.l  is  not  a  \ahiable  one,  the  best  thing  is  to  kill   it. 

LICE.  -  There  are  two  varieties,  one  the  common  hen  louse 
diid  tile  * '  hen  soider  ''  the  latter  bein^i  tilnio'^t  microscor)^^ 


Di.sicAShs  oi'  ruui;rRY 


(v-7 


1  I    t 


Tkicatm;;nt.— 

I-.jr  the  Hrsl,  t^colcli  ?milT  or  th.-  l-lnwers  <>f  vS.ilpl-.ur  is  ^;lid 
to  be  eOkaeious,  iisiti«  it  to  spriukK-  b-th  the  breeders  and  nests. 
The  little  licv  are  I'cnI  LxleriiiinatLd  by  fumigation  p.nd  insecti- 
cides.    A  good  plan  is  to  drive  the  fowls  from  the  hen  house, 
and  elose  it  tight,  then  r^  a  \Mmd  or  more  of  Snlplinr  in  a  {xit, 
and   .set  it  on  fire   v.ith  coals,    and  keep  it  burning  for   several 
hours.     P.e  careful  about  inhaling  the  fumes.     Then  open  doors 
and  clean  the  place  thoroughly,  for  no  half  way  measures  will 
coni't.     Put  in  plenty  of  hardwood  ashes  and  coal  dust  for  the 
hens  to  roll  in.     Cover  tho  floor  and  roosts  and  sprinkle  into  all 
cracks  ro:id  .lust.     This  v,  ill  kill  the  lice.     After  a!«ut  a  week 
repeat  the  fumigation  and  the  ashes  and  coal  dust.     Whitewa.sh 
evervthing  in  the  hen  house,  and  cl.ange  the  straw  in  the  nests. 
If  yo-ir  building  cannot  be  closed  tight  enough  to  fumiRate,  then 
clean  and  scrub  every  part   of    the  building,    and  cover  every 
surface  ;ind   fill  every  crack  with  whitewash,  to  which  a  little 
Carbolic  .\cid,  3  ounces  to  a  gallon,  has  been  added.     Wash  the 
P'Tches,  nests,  etc.,  with  a  solution  made  by  adding   i   pound  of 
Potash  to  a  .luart   of    water;    or  spray   house   thoroughly    with 
Kerosene   (^il.      Make  an  application  of    h'lowers  of  Sulphur  or 
Pyrethru.a  Powd'^r  to  the  fowls  themselves.     The  fowls  them- 
selves may  be  dipped  in: 

Creolin ^Vi  <»i>>ce.';. 

Water I  ga""n. 

Or  seme  of  the  Cr.d  Tar  products  may  be  used  for  dipping,  as 

Zenokum  or  Kreso.     la  case  of  small  chicks  grease  with  pure 

"nrd. 

WORMS.— Poultry,  like  other  animals,  are  apt  to  be 
raT-ctcd  with  worms  in  the  intestines,  both  the  round  worms  and 
tapeworms;  especially  is  this  tru.e  where  they  are  kept  upon  the 
'Same,  and  rather  small,  runs  ye:u-  after  year. 

5iwA/,>;w,s-.— There  is  nothing  very  characteristic  about  the 
symptOms;  the  birds  appear  dull,  are  poor,  may  have  diarrhea; 
.''Ut  upon  openii-.g  ti;e  iiacstines  of  one  which  had  died  or  becu 
■;nllea,  the  worm  will  be  found. 


m  ii 


I     M 


1.    if 


•"F s*##  V -..iA  '^ 


I   ■ 


mt. 


E    f. 


60S  Tin',  i'RACTICAL  ST(K'K  DOCTOR 

TkI'ATMKNT. — 

I"()r  tlic  riiiind  worms  TiirpLiiiMiL-  is  good,  m  to  15  c'rops  1:1 
a  U:isiK)otifulof  Cantor  Oil.  Suliduilc  (jf  Ir(.ii  'jiwn  in  th'i  fci;-.! 
is  v;'""!,  jj  tca^poonful  for  60  birds.  Sanluiiiii.  i  di.ulim  tu  each 
20  fuwls,  is  also  j;0(<d.      I"or  ta[n.\Vonils; 

Art-t-a  Nut 3<>  y.'-.ihv^. 

Oil  M.ik-  IVru  .s  I''  1"  iln.ps, 

TiirpciitinL- 10 

Castor  Oil '  U.isi«>.,ntiil. 

(■,i\e   ;ifU'r   kLi-jjinK   I'ir'l    away    from    fuoil 

eighltLii  hours. 

LEG  WEAKNESS.— 

(c:;/.v-.?.  — A  disLasf  of  youiiR  fowls,  and  more  ptiicrally  01 
yoiiiii;  males.  Il  soiiiotimc-s  arises  from  inhreedin^',  or  l)reedi!i>; 
the  same  strain  of  fowls  loo  long.  The  lar;jer  hreetls  are  most 
subject  to  it;   also  imjiroper  feeding  and  too  close  toniinenient. 

.SV«//'/('W-''-.  — The  bird  is  unable  to  st:;nd,  and  walk>,  if  at  all, 
with  great  diiricidty.  Upon  exaniinaliun,  legs  are  found  to  be 
free  from  swellingr-  or  .soreness. 

TklCATMICNT. — 

The  remedy  is  :i  nourishing  diet,  with  a  due  proportioi.  of 
insect  or  animal  food.  From  ;,  to  .s  graiu.^of  Citrate  of  Iron  may 
be  giveu  daily  as  a  tunic.     A  mixture  composed  of; 

vSulpliatc  or  Iron 2  ounccb. 

riiO'iihutu  <jf  I.imc 2 

May  be  used  as  a  tonic,  dive  an  amomit  as  lar^',c  as  two  j.casou 
the  tongue  twice  a  day,  or  un\  in  the  feed.  Give  an  opportunity 
for  exercise. 

SCALY  LEGS. 

Causts.  —  A  co!il.i>;ious  disease  which  is  caused  by  a  small 
parasite  that  burrowb  under  the  skin. 

Tkh.vtmknt. — 

The  most  effective  remedy  is  to  dip  tiie  fowl's  Kgs  up  to  the 
feathers  in  Kerosene  Oil.  This  is  said  by  authority  to  be  very 
effective  and  nut  harsh.     Or.  clean   the  houses  thoroughly  and 


*T' 


'y^% 


i\<. 


I.ISKASKS  (>1-   Pon.TRY 


(>o9 


especially  usc>  Ke.(.>cuo  freely  on  the  ro.,sis,  and  also  pa.nt  the 
K.^„f  the  fowl  Willi  Kcro^c.,c■(>il  three  tunc.,  a  week  unti  the 
scak-  drop  off;  then  scrub  the  le!;s  with  soap  and  water  and  rub 
every  other  day  with  Vaselit.e.     Tins  will  cure  the  trouble  if  it  is 

not  too  had.  ,    , 

The  diseased  should  be  separated  from  the  healthy  and  the 

house  thoroURhlv  treated,  as  reomnnended  with  "Lice." 

Ikfore  applyiu.^'  treatim  ut  soak  the  legs  ui  warm  water  and 

remove  all  louse  scales.  . 

Dip  or  soak    kKs  in  Crcolin   Solution,  as  recommended   ni 

treatment  for  "Lice." 

BLACK  HEAD;  CONTAGIOUS  INFLAMMATION 
OF  INTESTINE  AND  LIVER.  This  is  a  disease  which  has 
been  reported  from  various  parts  of  ihe  country  for  the  pa>t 
twelve  to  fifteen  years.  It  is  especially  prevale.it  ui  ^ew 
iMiKland.  The  disease  affects  turkeys.  It  is  caused  by  a  imcro 
nr^anisra  belonging-  to  a  class  known  as  the  Proto/.oi..  These 
parasites  are  taken  alon.^^  with  the  food  or  drink,  and  up  -  reach- 
in-  the  caeca,  the  two  bliml  ix)rtions  of  the  intestmal  ,  they 


nniltij 


)ly,    set    up    inflammation,    enlarging    these 


ol 


and 


thickening  tl>eir  walls.  They  also  pass  to  the  liver  and  prwluce 
i,i  this  organ  discolore.l  spots  of  a  grayish  or  a  yellowish  color; 
the  liver  is  also  very  much  enlarged. 

Sy»,pto,Hs.  The  dis^a.-e  generally  runs  a  slow  course,  and  at 
f.r^t  the  svmptoms  are  hardly  noticeable:  a  hltle  dullness,  hanging 
behind  the  flock  or  not  going  with  them,  an.l  sooner  or  later 
diarrhea  and  unthriftine>s.  Very  often  the  comb,  wattles  and 
perhaps  the  skin  about  the  head  becomes  black  or  dark  colored; 
hence  the  common  name.  The  post  mortem  shows  the  internal 
symptoms  already  given.  Young  fowls  are  more  apt  to  contract 
the  disea.se.  but  it  often  runs  a  lingering  course,  so  that  death 
may  not  occur  until  fall  On  the  other  hand,  they  may  die  in  a 
few  weeks. 

Treatment. — 

Medicinal  treatment  is  entirely  unsatisfactory,  except,  per- 
ils viuoious  by  the  use  of  the  tomes  as 


. 

wA 

m 

■ 

i; 

ffi'j 

: 

|i 

1^ 

tlffe 


lit.    i 


hups,  icecp' 


th.e  turkeys 


ii 


^jeMSLfj:it.\m^mBmL 


^^^.^'R'-'wgj^'^'^T  '^'  •?'■ 


ftio 


'riii,  i'K.\crio\i,  STOCK  ikktok 


riioninicndcil  for     Chiok.  i»  ChoUia         Tlic  CopiH-ras  t>r  Hypo 
^ulpliiu-  of  S<K!ii  may  :il>o  U-  a<liKc!  to  tin-  iltiiikin^  water. 

'I'lit:  (lisi.isi-  biviiif;  oiKc  iiiadf  its  apiiLaraiicf,  all  the  flock 
wliich  survive  slioiiM  Ik-  la'.kl  au'l  tli-  r.ii-in;  of  turkeys  'iiw.»n- 
timiid  for  a  \  i  ar  oi  tv.oal  l.a.-t.  All  i  i.iis  aiil  h-usis  thoroiiRhly 
disinfected,  aii.l  when  the  raisiny  of  tiirr^cv;.  i>  a.;aiii  tried,  start 
by  K<-'ttiiiK  ^KH^.  "'i''  '■"'^■p  *''^'  Liir*^^  "Ut  of  the  old  huubcs  aud  oP 
Ihc  old  runs  if  jxjssilile. 


POULTRY  HOUSES 


r..|:| 


i'lg.  1— A  l.cau  to  I'l  uitrj-  liuuse 


iLl 


;.»r 


mSI'ASKS  OF  Prill.TRY 


6i: 


POULTRY  HOUSES.  -Il  i.  very  disiiiMc  that  iK.ullty 
luiiiM  1>'  piu\iili<i  uitli  a  lioiir-c  s<jiiicvvhat  scjiirati-il  from  llu 
.jtlur  farm  l>iiililiii«v,  but  luar  enough  to  the  barnyanl  >o  that 
liny  I  an  IH.111I  a  [.art  of  their  tiiiK'  in  scratching  f'-r,  aii<l  Katlur- 
111).^  ii]),  the  many  sicdsand  j:raiiH  whirh  othcrwist-  v.oiiM  not 
l>f  iitih/iil.  Oil  farui^  whuc  110  paiUiy  lioiisv  i>  j.n.vnlid  the 
hiiis  are  o)uijh11<i1  to  sixk  loostinj;  i)laci,>A  whcri  \  i  r  they  ran 
tiud  them— M)i:ii  times  in    fruit    trees,  Mjmetimcs  <ii   feed  racks, 


I  '< 


(■.tfunil  rinn  of  sntipic 
1  i-titi  iif  rouUry  House 


somriimes  -  n  tlie  farm  marhimty,  oriNrii  the  wagons  ami  car- 
nages. The  result  is  not  .mly  uuuaine^-,  hut  .rnit,  feed,  imple- 
iMenls  and  u  i^-ons  aiv  s(nle<l  and  injured  l.y  the  droppings,  and 
-,>nictimer.  vermin  swarm  in  the  roosting  places  to  such  a  degree 
mat  the  hens  are  voud  a  nui'^ance  rather  than  a  desirahle  part 
of  a  farm  stock.      If  lli'.c  vermin-infested  places  arc  near  the 


dPuvri       FIA\ 


■^'Wmm, 


I'iH-  4    Poiilln-  IIri\i?e  with 
hirati  liing  >lw d 


In:.   ■;  Crunn.l  Plan  of  Poultry 
liouHi-  Willi  ScratcliiuK  Shed 


horse  slalile,  the  miles  may  attack  the  horses,  causing  itching 
and  a  mangy  condition  of  the  skin,  the  origin  of  which  is  not 
always  suspected. 

PREFERABLE  CONDITIONS.  -Poultry   houses   need 
not  be  elaborate  iu  liieir  nxings  nur  cxpciisive  in  construction. 


ill 


!;■     ! 


m  i 


fill 


if  I 


..Is    |1 


•ll^ll1ft^f  I'l'fl 


E\ 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


There  are  certain  conditions,  howevtr,  which  i^honkl  be  insisted 
upon  in  all  ca^es.  In  the  fi^^L  place,  Llie  house  should  be  located 
upon  soil  which  is  well  drained  and  dry.  A  gravelly  knoll  is 
best,  but  failing  this,  the  site  should  be  raised  by  the  use  of  the 
plow  or  scraper  untU  there  is  a  gentle  slop-j  in  all  directions 
sufficient  to  prevent  any  standino;  water  even  at  the  wettest  times 


I'iC   f'    Ciilistniction  of  K  hi>Is 

A  few  mchi<  of  san.i  or  Krav.l  ...n  th..-  Miriaa-  v.dl  be  very  useful 
inprcventiuK  tne  t<.ruuui,.n  of  mud.  If  the  Iimus^  is  sheltered 
frotn  the  north  and  nortluvot  winds  by  a  f;r(Min  of  evergreens, 
this  will  be  a  decided  advantage  in  i:;e  colder  parts  of  the 
country. 

UNUSED  BUILDINGS.     Sonictiinrs  thervis  ahcady  on 
the  farm  a  Mnall  luiKiing  which  has  bee:,  used  ;   r  implements  or 


HiR.  7     i-ctionril  View  of  ri:itft.nn  and  Nesls 


animals,  and  wnl-h  i-.  no  longer  need.ed  for  those  purpo^  ^s.    Sucha 
building  may  be  easily  fitted  for  poultry  by  cutting  a  small  door 


r<:>osl<  and  neslri  in  the  interioi. 


DISEASES  OF  I'OUU  RY 


61.-? 


INEXPENSIVE  STRUCTURES.-^Iu  case  there  is  no 
building  suitable  for  ren.odelini;  into  a  potiltry  ^^^^^'^ 
hLp.:^ive  lean-to  may  be  built  (I-'ig.  D.  or  a  new  buildmg 


f.-ig.  8 -sectional  View  of  Conceale.l  or  Uarkentd  Nest 

constructed.  A.  house  for  this  purpose  should  be  planned  with  a 
~ew  to  simplicity,  economy  and  convenience,  whde  supplying 
the  conditions  proper  for  successful  ,H,ultry  keeping.  One  of  the 
sh^plestformsof  poultry  hou.e  i.slu,.,.  in  Im,.  2.  and  the  ground 


.«.e^-'7.  _  J 


:"!! 

It      ' 

4' 


m  , 


^\ 


w  v. 


I 


•■•.B.  a-C.mcealed  or  mrkened  Vat 


:S-  'ii 


ei4 


THIi  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I  I 


I  |=i 


i*,' 


'-V\  f  '    -■ 

-  i  '  ' 


plan  of  the  same,  Fig.  3.  A  ^^cratchiiiijshc  may  be  attached  to 
the  side  of  this  house,  as  in  Figs.  4  and  5,  which,  if  desired,  may 
be  inclosed  in  front  with  poultry  wire,  so  as  to  keep  the  birdb 
confined. 

FITTINGS.— 

Roosts. — The  details  of  construction  of  roosts  are  seen  in 
Fig.  6.  The  important  points  are  nearly  flat  or  rounded  surface 
on  the  upper  side  and  as  few  cracks  and  crevices  as  possible  in 


Imr,  10  -Scr^tchins  Kimm  Udc'iim-  Poultry  House 

which  vermin  may  liide.  The  roosts  may  he  made  of  2x3  inch 
scautling,  and  should  be  put  in  so  that  they  can  l)e  easily  removed 
at  any  time  for  cleaning  and  disinfection.  A  platform  is  often 
placed  inidLr  the  roosts  to  catch  the  droppings,  and  the  nests  are 
placed  ni'dur  lli*s  platform.  In  the  house,  such  as  Fig.  7,  the 
manure  platform  may  bedisi>ensed  with  and  the  nest  boxes  placed 
along  the  front  or  -idis  of  the  building. 

Nests. — The  'simplest  form  of  nest  is  a  box  jilaced  upon  the 
door  of  the  poultry  house.  With  heavy  fov.ls,  which  are  apt  to 
break,  their  i  u-s  iu  fighting  away  other  her.-,  that  try  to  enter 


^^':tt;r^..!pyi 


DlSEASi:S  OF  POULTRY 


615 


their  nests  when  they  are  laying,  and  thu.  acquire  the  habit  of 
egg-eating,  a  more  concealed  or  dark  nest  may  \^  necessary. 
See  Figs.  8  and  9. 

Floor.— One  of  the  most  troublesome  parts  of  th  poultry 
house  to  make  satisfactory  is  the  floor.  Many  use  earth  floors, 
but  these  are  often  damp,  especially,  and  induce  rheumatism, 
cold^  roup,  digestive  disorders,  and  various  other  diseases. 
Some  have  put  in  cement  floors,  but  have  found  these  cold  and 
also  more  or  less  damp.     Probably  a  good  cement  floor  laid  on 


Fig.  ii-Double  Poultry  House  with  Scratching  Sheds 

broken  stone  and  covered  with  a  few  inclics  of  earth,  would  be 
satisfactory  if  not  too  expensive.  A  board  floor  6  or  8  mches 
above  the  earth,  with  a  good  VL-itilatin:i  niukr  it,  is  dry  bat  too 
cold  except  in  the  South.  A  good  double  flooring,  laid  tightly 
with  building  paper  bet.veeii,  or  a  good  single  flooring  covered 


encuMi    fLM 


CPCN 

SHta 


Fig.  u-Ground  Plnn  of  D.v.-.blf  ro.iUry  House  with  Scratching  Sheds 

with  a  few  inches  of  dry  earth,  is  probably  the  best.  In  all  cases 
of  board  floors  there  should  be  suiTuient  space  beneath  for  venti- 
lation ami  to  guard  against  the  IcRl-nient  of  rats. 

GOOD  PLANS.  -A  good  style  of  poultry  house,  with 
scratching  room  under  it,  is  shown  m  I'ig.  10.  In  case  more  than 
one  flock  is  to  be  kept,  the  plan  slmwn  in  I'iirs.  ir  and  12  have 
been  found  satisfactory,  and  may  be  mutiplied  to  any  extent  by 


V  i; 


1^     ! 


;i!l;   a 


;   'i^ 


%f  .■ 


iff  I 

fell  a      '. 


u 


'=^'^iA 


\     " 

'|!tit 

m 

■  t 


'I   »ll 


t, 

-.;-j 


ilil 


!     1* 


6ifi 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCIC  DOCTOR 


adding  to  the  ends.  With  such  houses  there  may  be  fenced  ruus 
at  the  back  or  front,  or  on  both  sides,  so  that  vhe  birds  may  be 
kept  confined. 

SPACE  TO  BE  ALLOWED.— The  amount  of  space  to 
be  allowed  to  each  bird  depends  upon  the  si/c  of  each  bird, 
whether  a  shed  is  attached  to  the  house  or  whether  the  fowls 


Fig.  ij-Coramr,n  A-^liapeil  Coop  willi  Sliding  Slot 

have  a  free  run  of  the  open  fields.  For  birds  in  confinement  there 
should  be  from  6  to  15  square  feet  for  each  adult  bird  in  case 
there  is  no  shed  attached  to  the  house,  and  with  a  shed  this  space 
may  be  reduced  about  one-half.  The  yards  .should  be  large 
enough  to  allow  exercise  in  the  open  air,  and  to  furnish  more 
grass  than  the  birds  will  eat.  This  will  vary  from  60  to  150 
square  feet  per  adult  fowl.  Tlie  open  shed  facing  the  south, 
where  the  birds  can  be  mduced  to  hunt  for  their  food  and  take 


ing.  14  -Cliickeu  Coop  with  Inclosed  Run 

exercise  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  where  they  can  enjoy  the 
pleasure  of  scratching  and  dusting  themselves  in  the  sunshine, 
even  ia  winter  months,  is  of  great  =-a-.tr,,vp  \v.  maintainiui/  the 


w 


DISKASI-S  OF  POULTRY 


617 


health  OAi  productiveness  of  the  flock.  The  roosting  space 
allowed  should  be  6  to  8  inches  for  the  smaller  breeds,  8  to  10 
inches  for  the  medium  breeds,  and  10  to  1 2  inches  for  the  larger 
breeds. 


— ---^-;=r^» 


ri-,  .  ,    I.  Incken  Coop  will  Large  and  Inclosed  Hawk-proof  and  Cat-nroof  Kun 

VENTILATION.  -Poultry  houses  should  be  well  ven- 
tilated, but  so  arranged  that  drafts  will  not  strike  the  birds. 
Windows  and  doors  should  be  provided  in  such  locations  that  the 
sun  may  shine  into  the  building  a  considerable  part  of  the  day. 
Sunshine  is  required  both  to  keep  the  house  dry  and  to  destroy 
the  various  forms  of  infection. 


Fig.  if^— Coop  with  r.lgss-covered  Run 

POULTRY  COOPS.— A  liberal  supply  of  coops  should  be 
provided  for  the  confinement  of  hens  with  broods  of  small  chicks, 
and  for  those  hens  which  insist  upon  setting  at  inconvenient 
times.  A  few  days  in  solitary  retirement  will  usually  break  up 
the  desire  to  set,  and  the  hens  will  soon  after  resume  laying. 


^^ 


ri'i     .^^-^F"™-"    t^^.vr:.;if 


6i8 


THlv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


A  common  A-slia{>ed  cuop  is  one  of  the  easily  constnicted 
and  convenient  forms  in  use.  The  one  disadvantage  connected 
with  it  is  tlie  difficulty  of  removing  tlie  f'.eding  and  drinking 
vessels  for  cleaunig,  or  of  calchiiig  a  bird  in  it  without  danger  of 
some  other  hird  escaping  To  obviate  this,  one  of  tno  '^Ints  may 
be  made  to  slide,  as  in  Fig.  13.  The  opcniii^'  made  hy  sHding 
this  slat  is  sufficient  to  admit  the  hand  and  arm  so  that  any  part 
of  the  coop  may  be  reached  without  leaving  an  avenue  of  escape 
unguarded.  Other  forms  of  coops  for  the  same  pnrj)ose  are  shown 
atFigs.  i4and  15.  Forearly  hatched  chicks,  which  conic  out  when 
the  atmospheric  temperature  is  so  low  as  to  be  injurious  to  them, 
a  combination  of  coop  and  glass-covered  run,  as  shown  in  Fig  16, 
has  been  found  very  n.seful 

FEED  TROUGHS  AND  DRINKING  I-OUNT AINS.- 

Two  forms  of  feed  troughs  are  represented  in  Fig.  17.     For  the 
small  chicks  the  troughs  must  be  very  shallow,  or  for  the  /ew 


P     i! 

""fnl™ 

1'      !1 

I'i 

=— »— iik:J 

Fig   17 

Two  Forms  of  Teed  Trough* 


Fig.  IS 
A  Oiitiking  Fountain  Made  of  o  Can 


days  the  feed  may  be  placed  upon  a  square  piece  of  board. 
Numerous  forms  of  drinkiiit;  fountains  have  been  devised.  A 
good  fountain  is  easily  made  by  cutting  a  small  hole  in  a  tin  can, 
as  shown  in  Fig.  18,  filling  the  can  with  water,  covermg  with  a 
shallow  pan  or  vessel  of  any  kind,  and  then  inverting  the  whole. 
The  shallow  vessel  will  remain  filled  with  water  as  high  as  the 
top  of  the  aperture  until  the  can  is  t  hausted.     It  is  important 


DISEASES  OF  POULTRY 


619 


that  fresh,  pure  water  should  always  he  accessible  to  fowls,  and 
the  driiikiiii;  foinitaiiis  should  be  cleaned  and  filled  two  or  three 
times  a  day,  if  possible,  and  under  no  circumstances  less  frequently 
than  once  a  day. 

RANGING  OF  FOWLS— Poultry  may  be  raised  with 
the  greatest  economy  on  the  large  farms  of  the  country,  where 
there  is  unlimited  range,  and  exhaustless  supply  of  insects  and 
worms,  and  an  abundance  of   seeds  and  grains  going  to  waste 


if 


l-ig.  1;^ — Colony  House 

which  poultry  alone  can  utilize.  Under  such  circinr,3tances  fowls 
take  care  of  themselves  so  well  and  are  so  energetic  in  seeking 
their  food  that  they  are  either  forgotten  and  allowed  to  "hif c  for 
themselves  when  they  really  need  attention  and  assistance,  or 
they  are  regarded  as  a  nuisance  because  they  do  a  little  damage 


m  il 


i 


"I  if  il.i 


5   I 


n20 


THIC  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


r-'ii;  20--  Colony  House 


Fig.  SI— Colony  House 


1 


{g1 


fpl 


DISEASES  OF  POULTRY 


5::x 


When  fenced  away  from  the  gardens  and  flower  beds,  fowls  do 
little  d.iiiiage  and  cause  scarcely  any  annoyance  on  a  farm.  On 
the  other  hand  they  do  an  immense  amount  of  good  in  the 
protection  of  crops  by  the  destruction  of  injurious  insects,  larvae 
and  worms. 

COLONIES.— Sometimes  it  is  advisable  to  divide  the  farm 
flock  into  colonics,  and  place  these  at  different  points  on  the  farm, 
in  order  to  secure  additional  range;  to  remove  the  birds  tem- 
porarily to  a  distance  from  certain  crops,  or  for  other  purj  oses. 
In  this  case  cheap,  li};ht  and  easily  handled  colony  houses  ( I'igs. 
19,  20  and  21)  may  be  constructed  and  placed  where  the  fowls 
are  desired  to  range.  After  being  confined  in  these  houses  a  few 
nights  the  birds  will  adopt  them  as  their  habitations  and  return 
to  them. —  C/^  S.  Utdlet'ui 


A  TEN  DOLLAR  POULTRY  HOUSE.— A  cheap  and 

at  tlie  same  time  substantial  poultry  house,  containing  kk)  square 
feet  of  floor  space,  can  be  built  for  ten  dollars  by  any  man  or  boy 
of  ordinary  ingenuity.  All  the  tools  needed  are  a  saw,  hatchet, 
square  and  screw  driver.  These  are  usually  the  property  of  aiy 
householder.     The  materials  used  are: 

200  feet  of  S-foot  fencing,  ;•*.  5'4.5o f  3  4^ 

200  feet  of  lo-foot  llooriug  (2cl  (lu.ility),  J16 2  96 

4  ten-foot  boards,  12  inches  wide,  at  $tS 7^ 

3  two-by-four  scantling,  10  feet  long 21 

2  bundl'es  lulh 7,"^ 

2  second-hand  sas'ies '  "*' 

20  pounds  tar  Jiaper,  at  3c "" 

I  pair  half-strap  hinges '5 

Nails,  etc.,  and  paint S'^ 

Total f>"  '^ 

The  fencing  comes  6  inches  wide  and  the  flooring  about  the 
same  width.  No  posts  are  used  in  this  plan,  and  the  house  is 
none  the  less  strong.  To  constr.ict  it,  first  saw  twenty  of  the 
fencing  boards  to  6  feet  long  for  the  back  of  the  house,  and  saw 
the  waste  ends  of  these  to  2  feet  long.  Rip  one  of  the  12  inch 
boards  iiiio  two  6  inch  boards,  one  of  which  \i  for  the  base  of  t^.e 


ill. 

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633 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


back  of  house,  and  the  other  is  to  be  again  ripped  itito  two  3  inch 
strips,  upon  which  nail  the  2  feet  fencing  pieces,  leaving  two 
pieces  loose  near  each  end  of  the  doors      This  forms  the  base  of 


/ 

r- 

.'<»■,      r 

( 

\ 

1  IK    ' 

the  front.     The  base  of  the  whole  house  can  now  be  nailed  to- 
gether, using  two  of  the  wide  boards  for  the  ides. 

The  front  ba.sc  slants  outward  (see  I'ig.  i  ).  The  frame  is 
(lien  constructed  l>y  erecting  a  long  feiu  ing  board  at  three  feet 
fr(jm  the  front  eiui  of  each  side  base  and  a  sliorttr  one  at  rear 
end  of  each,  as  I'ig.  i,  which  shows  these  boaitis  Iriuiuicd  to  fit 


l-i).-.  3 


tiwler  the  roof.  These  two  sets  of  uprights  are  then  connected 
by  scantling  for  the  roof:  inider  the  ends  of  these  scantling  fenc- 
ing boards  are  nailed,  which  hold  the  third  scantling  in  place  to 
support  the  center  of  the  roof.     The  tup  of  the  loiigest  board  is 


i 

I 


DISKAHES  OF  rOUU'RY 


8aS 


then  connected  with  the  front  base  by  a  ff-nclng  board,  and  two 
boards  nailed  across  the  front  to  support  the  -^ash  The  whole 
{rame  is  then  compk-te. 

IMRS,  I  and  2  show  the  full  details  of  the  frame.  Tne  1x)ard8 
for  hack,  sides  and  r.wf  can  then  Ik;  nailed  on,  flooring  boards 
being  used  .or  roof.  When  tue  saslus  are  adjusted  in  their 
proper  places  r)n  the  front,  with  strips  of  tin  alK)ve  them  to  turn 
water,  flooring  Ixwrds  are  sawed  to  proper  length  and  fitted  on. 
The  ventilator  is  made  witli  four  flooring  boards-  its  lower  end  is 
near  the  floor  at  center  of  house. 

The  remaining  12  inch  board  is  for  base  of  the  partition,  a 
c.-..rower  board  for  top  and  lath  nailed  on  close,  divides  the  house 
into  two  compartments  for  two  pens  for  fowls,  or  a  pen  of  fowls 
and  room  for  young  chicks,  or  two  rooms  for  young  chicks  of 


U 


different  ages,  The  cracks  on  sides  and  back  of  house  are  stripped 
with  lath;  the  inside  of  housg  is  lined  with  tar  paper,  and  the 
roof  and  front  painted  with  a  cheap  mineral  paint,  which  renders 
the  house  waterproof,  as  the  boards  are  tongued  and  grooved. 
This  makes  it  warm  enough  for  almost  any  latitude.  For  t^e 
south  the  strips  and  tar  paper  might  be  dispensed  with.  The 
slant  of  sash  is  sufficient  to  shut  out  the  perpendicular  rays 
of  the  sun  in  summer  and  flood  the  whole  floor  with  warmth  m 

^  ""  An  outside  door  and  a  gate  in  the  partition  makes  the  whole 
house  of  easy  access.  The  small  doors  for  fowls  are  made  on  the 
tr-T.  dnor  nriuciole.  and  open  and  close  by  a  cord  attached  to 


♦t«ii 


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M^  lift"  2:^ 


634 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


the  fasteiiinR  bolt,  which  is  heavy  enough  to  fall  into  place  wlicn 
the  cord  is  slack.Micil .  Sufficient  scrap  pieces  will  he  left  to  make 
feed,  dust  and  nest  boxes,  rmd  the  iusid-  arrnuKcnients  can  be 
made  to  suit  the  owner.  The  tloor  is  earth,  packed  hard  and 
covered  with  gravel;  on  top  of  which  for  young  chicles  scatter 

grass. 

It  will  readily  be  seen  this  plan  can  be  extended  an  indefinite 
length  by  the  addition  of  tlirce  posts  very  lo  feet  to  supi>ort  the 
rool.— American  Poultry-  Journal. 

POULTRY  POINTERS.— A  successful  raiser  of  poultry 
gives  the  following  pointers  in  the  StanJanl  American  Poultry 

Book: 

In  raising  poultry  or  stock  of  any  kind  it  should  be  the  aim 
of  everyone  to  keep  it  healthy  and  improve  it.  You  can  do  it 
very  easily  by  adopting  some  systematic  rules.  These  may  be 
summed  up  as  follows: 

I. Construct  your  house  good  and  warm,  so  as  to  avoid 

damp  floors  and  afford  a  flood  of  sunshine.  Suushine  is  better 
than  medicine. 

2.  — Provide  a  dusting  and  scratching  place  where  you  can 
bury  wheat  and  corn,  and  thus  induce  the  'ov'  *o  take  0  needful 
exercise. 

3. —Provide  yourself  with  some  good  healthy  chickens,  never 
to  be  over  three  or  four  years  old,  giving  one  cock  to  every 
twelve  hen9. 

4.— Give  plenty  of  fresh  air  at  all  times,  especially  in  summer. 

5.— Give  plenty  of  water  daily,  and  never  allow  the  fowls  to 
go  thirsty. 

6.— Feed  them  systematically  two  or  three  times  a  day. 
Scatter  the  food  so  they  can't  eat  it  too  fast  or  without  proper 
exercise.  Do  not  feed  more  than  they  will  eat  up  clean,  or  they 
will  get  tired  of  that  kind  of  feed. 

7. —Give  them  a  variety  of  both  dry  and  cooked  feed.  A 
mixture  of  cooked  meat  and  vegetables  Is  an  excellent  thing  for 
their  morning  meal. 


ft  M 


DISEASES  OF  POULTRY 


f'25 


8  —Give  soft  feed  in  the  morning  and  the  whole  grain  at 
nlRlit,  except  a  little  wheat  :-'  1  cracked  corn  placed  iu  the 
scratching  places  to  giw:  them  exercise  during  the  day. 


latcd. 


Above  all  things,  keep  the  house  clean  and  well  vetiti- 


lo.— Do  not  crowd  too  many  into  one  house;  if  you  do,  look 
out  for  disease. 

,,  _Use  Carbolic  Powder  ocxasionally  in  the  dusting  bins 
to  destroy  lice. 

,2 —Wash  your  roosts  and  bottom  of  laying  nests,  and 
whitewash  once  a  week  in  summer  and  once  a  month  in  winter. 

13.— Let  the  old  and  young  have  as  large  a  range  as  possible, 
the  larger  the  better. 

14  -Don't  breed  too  many  kinds  of  fowls  at  the  9»me  time, 
unless  you  are  going  into  the  business.  Three  or  four  kinds  will 
more  than  keep  your  hands  full 

15  —Introduce  new  blotxl  into  your  stock  every  year  or  so, 
by  either  buying  a  cockerel  or  a  setting  of  eggs  from  some  reliable 
breeder. 

16— In  buying  birds  or  cages,  go  to  some  reliable  breeder 
who  has  his  reputation  at  stake.  Vou  may  have  to  pay  a  little 
more  for  birds,  but  you  can  depe:  -"  ■  1  what  you  get.  Culls  are 
not  cheap  at  any  price. 

17  —Save  the  best  birds  for  next  year's  brec^.  and  send  the 
others  to  market.  In  shipping  fancy  poultry  to  market  send  it 
dressed. 

ARTICLES    OF    POULTRY     DIET.  —  Potatoes    are 

rather  poor  food  used  alone,  contributing  almost  nothing  to  the 
fatty  tissues,  and  very  little,  if  anything,  to  the  growth  of  bone. 
They  are  however,  quite  useful,  if  boiled  and  mashed  up  with 
other  things  which  can  supply  that  which  they  lack.  Indian 
com  or  oatmeal  are  good  things  to  mix  with  them. 

Broom-corn  seed  is  sometimes  fed.     It  will  not  be  eaten 
wholp   at  least  not  with  great  relish,  but  must  be  ground. 


i'*'i 


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626 


THIi  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i 

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Green-cut  bone  is  excellent  for  the  fowls,  as  they  enjoy  it, 
but  care  should  he  taken  to  see  that  the  bones  are  fresh. 

Scaldwl  curd  may  sometimes  make  up  a  part  of  the  poultry 
bill  of  fare. 

Brewers'  grains,  if  fed  alone,  cause  diarrhea.  If  kept  on 
hand  they  are  liable  to  ferment.  To  prevent  this,  put  them  into 
a  hogshead  two-thirds  full,  a'.id  fill  up  with  cold  water.  The 
grain  was  waterlogged  before,  aiid  a  little  more  water  does  I'o 
harm. 

Fine  hay,  or  rowen,  or  clover,  or  alfalfa  chopped,  and  then 
soaked  or  scalded,  is  excellent  for  winter  use. 

Cocoanut  meats — namely,  the  outer  part  of  the  kernel— dried 
(ground),  are  prepared  at  the  factories,  and  sold  at  a  rate  not 
much  higher  per  pound  than  pork  scraps.  Fowls  are  said  to 
relish  them  highly. 

Hemp  seed,  in  limited  quantities,  is  used  to  give  a  gloss  to 
the  plumage.  It  makes  the  plumage  of  quails  black.  If  fed 
daily  it  is  injurious  to  piiultry. 

Millet  is  excellent  for  small  chickens,  being  easily  swallowed 
by  them.  Sunflower  seed  may  be  fed  freely.  It  promotes  laying, 
increases  the  gloss  of  the  plumage,  and  the  general  health. 

Charcoal  tnust  be  furnished  in  small  pieces.  In  some  cir- 
cumstances fowls  crave  it  and  will  devour  it  with  avidity.  Fowls 
enjoying  a  free  range  seldom  care  for  it,  however,  which  indicates 
of  course  that  they  do  not  need  it,— Poultry  World. 


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THE    CHILDRKN'8    FRIBNt>— A     OOOD    DOO. 


m 


THE  DOG 

DISEASES  AND  THEIR  TREATMENT 


Much  of  the  sickness  occurring  among  doRS  is  due  to 
ignorance  as  to  cleanliness  and  the  proper  method  of  feeding. 

One  of  the  most  important  things  to  be  considered  it.  .he 
care  of  a  dog  is  his  feeding.  The  same  general  rule  may  be 
observed  in  the  feeding  of  dogs,  no  matter  wha'  breed  they  may 
belong  to  though  the  character  and  quantity  of  the  food  should 
differ  somewhat,  according  to  the  breed  of  the  dog  and  the  use  to 
which  he  is  put. 

Small  house  or  pet  dogs  certainly  do  not  require  the  same 
amount  of  nutritioti  that  h.mling  dogs  do.  as  in  the  former  ther. 
is  little  waste  of  tissue,  while  in  the  latter,  frr.m  the  violent 
character  of  the  exercise  he  undergoes  while  at  work  there  is 
great  waste  of  tissue,  which  nuist  necessarily  be  supplied  through 

the  diet. 

One  general  rule  may  he  observed   in   the  feeding  of  al 
puppies,  no  matter  what  may  be  their  breed,  from  the  time  of 
their  weaning  until  they  reach  the  age  of  maturity,  which  vanes 
somewhat  accordnig  to  breed.     For  instance,  the  smaller  breeds 
.uch  as  toy  terriers  and  pet  dogs,  mature  at  the  age  of  abou 
fifteen  months,  whereas  the  larger  breeds,  such  as  mastiffs  and 
St.    Bernards,   are   hardly   thoroughly   matured   at   the   age  of 
two  years. 

THE  PROPER  FOOD  FOR  PUPPIES.-Puppies  are 
usually  weaned  at  the  age  of  five  or  six  weeks.  For  about  tnree 
weeks  after  that  time  it  is  advisable  to  keep  them  almost  ex- 
cln^^ively  on  a  milk  diet,  allowing  a  little  stale  bread  which  may  be 
broken  in  the  milk,  which  .honld  always  be  we  1  boiled,  as  sweet 
milk  unboiled  not  only  engenders  worms,  but  also  is  liable  to 
cause   serious   looseness    in    the   bowels,  owing    to   the  marked 

627 


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628 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTO^' 


i 


11 
1, 
ii 


difference  between  the  cow's  milk  and  tliat  fui  ..e.l  by  the 
pnppy's  mother.  The  furi;iLr  Incks  the  sugar  uf  nilll;  which 
strongly  predominates  in  the  'nothci's  milk. 

After  the  third  week  soup  may  be  allowed,  .ilso  a  small 
quantity  of  well  cooked  meat,  chopped  fine.  As  the  character  of 
the  puppy's  stomach  changes,  so  must  his  food.  The  best  soup 
is  beef  or  mutton  broth.  I'rom  this  time  on  vegetable  diet  may 
be  gradually  introduced. 

The  old,  fallacious  idea  of  feeding  puppies  on  milk  and  meal 
has  long  since  been  abandoned  by  the  best  informed  breeders. 

For  as  the  dog  is  by  nature  carniverous  I  consider  he  requires 
some  meat  diet  to  enable  him  to  enjoy  perfect  health  and  strength, 
and  it  is  especially  requisite  that  while  a  puppy  is  growing  he 
should  be  provided  with  such  food  as  will  make  bone  and  muscle. 
We  fre(piently  find  defective  nutrition  in  the  bone  structure, 
causing  what  is  generally  termed  Rickets,  which  is  made  evident 
by  crooked  limbs  and  enlarged  joints.  This  malady  may  be  pre- 
vented by  giving  in  the  food  Carbonate  and  Phosphate  of  Lime, 
which  are  bone  making  materials. 

From  the  age  of  si.x  months  to  one  year  puppies  should  be 
fed  not  less  than  tb.ree  times  daily.  Thereafter  twice  a  day  is 
sufTicient,  feeding  lightly  in  the  morning  and  making  their  even- 
ing meal  the  chief  one,  as  digestion  goes  on  much  better  in  a  dog 
while  at  rest  than  in  aclioft. 

FOOD  FOR  GROWN  DOGS.— No  dog  in  health  can  be 
fed  better  than  from  the  scrapings  from  the  table,  whereby  he 
gets  a  variety  of  diet,  consisting  of  meat,  bread  and  well  cooked 
vegetables  of  all  kinds.  Potatoes  are  not  so  easily  digested  by 
dogs  as  other  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  consequently  should  be 
well  mashed.  From  the  fact  that  a  dog's  stomach  closely 
approaches  in  character  that  of  a  human  being,  one  may  say 
that  what  is  good  for  a  man  is  good  for  a  dog. 

The  old  idea  of  keeping  dogs  on  corn  meal  to  a  great  extent 
is  a  very  erroneous  one.  as  it  not  only  is  deficient  in  nutrition, 
but  is  also  very  heating  to  the  blood. 

Dogs  require  some  cioling  food,  which  is  only  obtained 
through  a  vegetable  diet. 


I)ISi:asi:s  oi-  thk  i>(»o 


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A  t,el  doK  of  course  requires  a  small  amouut  of  food  com- 
pared with  that  needed  In-  a  luuU.ng  dog.  The  latter  may  be 
allowe.1  all  the  meat  they  can  consume  while  they  are  a  work, 
for  in  no  animal  is  the  waste  c,f  tissue  so  rapid  as  m  this  dog. 

A  dog  taken  into  the  field  in  the  morning  comparatively  fat 
will  return  at  night  after  a  hard  day's  work  showing  a  loss  in 
weight  of  between  th.cc  and  five  pounds,  enough  to  make  the 
animal  appear  thin. 

HINTS  ABOUT  KENNELS.-To  begin  with,  kennels 
should  be  kept  scrupulously  clean  and  disinfected  as  tre-iuent  y 
as  IS  neees^arv  which  i^  probably  cmce  or  twice  a  week  I  con- 
s  dcr  the  most  elective  germicide  to  be  a  solution  of  Bichlorule  of 
M  rcury--Ihchloride  of  Mercury,  .  p.rt;  Water.  :..>.>.>  parts; 
ule  with  au.non  .  or  Creolin---suOicient  ,s  used  to  turn  water 
white  The  Creoliu  .solution  is  non-poisonous  and  is  very  good. 
Kennel-,  should  be  located  on  high,  dry  ground  having  proper 
drainage,  as  dampness  is  apt  to  cause  rheumatism. 

Dogs  should  at  all  times  have  access  to  tr.sh,  cool  water. 
As  a  stmimer  bedding,  nothing  is  better  than  cedar  or  pine 
shavings,  as  fleas  do  not  take  kindly  to  the  odors  ot  these  woods. 
RcLUilar  exercise  of  at  least  two  hours  a  day  is  almost  im- 
pera^e  t:  ^og's  well-being.  Few  if  any  dog.  ^^ept  i.  Uie  city 
get  this  amount  of  exercise,  and  are  m  --->"-.'-  "^^J'^^^ 
to  sickness  than  dogs  kept  in  the  country,  especially  those  that 

aro  nt  libertv  at  all  limes. 

"  No  d^^hould  have  a  chain  put  on  him  before  he  .s  one  year 
of  age  except  sufticieiUly  to  chain-break  hun.  A  '^-^  J^'^'f 
from  PMnpyhood  on  the  chah..  wh--oh  is  a  direct  contradiction  to 
^rr^J^n,  by  pulling  on  the  ^^^- ^^.^n^a^^J^^ 
exercise,  become  ill-shapen  in  limbs  and  body.  It  is  exercise  ana 
good  feeding  which  develop  our  most  perfect  specimens. 

EXERCISE  AND  GROOMING.-Once  a  week  is  (luite 
often  enough  for  a  dog  to  be  washed,  first  using  tepid  and  nnsu.g 
wth  cold  water.  He'should  then  be  rubbed  as  dry  as  pc^sible 
Vni  encouraged  to  play  or  exercise  until  he  is  thoroughly  dr, .   _ 


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THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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In  order  to  keep  a  doj^'s  coat  in  nice  condition  he  should  be 
groouiLMl  daily,  using  a  still  bristle  brush,  which  is  far  preferable 
to  the  wire  brushes  sometimes  used  for  that  purjKjse,  as  it  does 
not  irritate  the  skiu,  but  improves  the  capillary  or  surface  circu- 
lation. 

The  above  rules  apply  generally  to  all  dogs. 

//.  Clay  Clover,  D.  V.  S. 

DISTEMPER.— This  is  the  bane  of  the  canine.  It  is  very 
common  in  dogs  from  three  to  six  months  of  age,  but  afflicts  them 
at  all  ages,  especially  during  the  fall,  winter  and  spring  months. 
It  is  contagious. 

Causes. — It  is  caused  by  a  parasite  or  germ  getting  into  the 
blood. 

Symptoms. — Th'?re  is  langor,  loss  of  appttite  and  redness  of 
eyes;  nose  hot  and  dry;  urine  high  colored;  bowels  sometimes 
constipated  and  sometimes  loose,  but  discharges  always  offensive; 
there  is  much  disinclination  to  move.  In  a  few  days  hair  becomes 
dry;  there  is  discharge  from  nose,  eyes,  and  sometimes  from 
penis.  Symptoms  become  more  aggravated.  If  bowels  are  the 
seat  of  complications  there  will  be  black,  oITeiisive  feces,  streaked 
with  mucus.  If  skin  is  affected  there  will  be  pustules  inside  the 
thighs,  arms  and  along  the  belly;  these  fill  and  discharge  a  dark 
watery  matter.  If  in  the  brain,  there  is  great  heat;  a  desire  to 
raise  head  up  against  hand  when  stroking,  and  fits  usually  follow. 

Treatment. — 

The  treatment  is  simple.  Isolate  dog  from  all  companions 
in  a  dry,  warm  room  with  good  ventilation,  and  encourage  api>e- 
tite  by  nourishing  foods,  such  as  broths,  new  milk,  etc.  At  the 
outset  of  the  disease  give  a  teaspoonful  of  the  following  mixture; 

Tincliire  of  Aconite i'^  drachms. 

Spirits  of  Niter 2      ounces. 

Muriate  of  .\mmonia i?^  drachtus. 

Chlorate  of  Potash 3  " 

Syrup  of  Orange  \Vater  to  make.  4      ounces. 
Give  as  above  every  two  hours  until  6  doses 

have  been  given ;  then  foiu  times  a  d«y  until 

fever  subsides. 


DISEASES  OF  THE  DOG     ^3\ 

Follow  this  with  equal  parts  Saltpeter,  Sulphur  and  Powdered 
Gentian,  by  weight;  mix  thoroughly;  give  a  large  dog  ■..  tea.sp,,on- 
ful  three  limes  a  day  in  milk  or  on  tongue,  and  allow  him  plenty 
of  fresh  water  to  drink;  wash  discharges  from  his  nose  and  eyes 
and  afterward  dry  them  with  a  soft  cloth.  If  bowels  are  costive, 
give  from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  tal)lespoonful  of  the  S>rup  of  Buck- 
thorn, according  to  size,  once  a  day  until  the  bowels  move  'reely; 
then  once  or  twice  a  week  to  keep  them  in  condition,  but  never 
use  drastic  purgatives.  Treat  complications  which  may  arise,  as 
Chorea,  Fits,  or  Lung  troubles,  as  directed  under  those  headings. 

COLDS,   COUGHS   AND   LUNG  DISEASES.— Dogs 

often  catch  cold,  cough,  run  at  the  nose,  sneeze  and  have  consid- 
erable fever,  which  condition,  if  neglected,  may  run  into  pneu- 
monia.    If  taken  at  the  start,  give: 

Tincture  of  Aconite  Rcxit 'i  drachm. 

Water 4  ounces. 

Mix  and  give  l  teaspoonful  toKCtlur  with  2 

or  3  grains  of  Quinine  three  times  a  day. 

If  the  affection  has  run  on  into  a  cough  and  discharge  from 
the  aose,  rub  Mustard  paste  well  into  the  throat  and  give; 

Tincture  of  Aconite  Root ,'2  drachm. 

tjyrup  'f  Squills ' 

Syrup  uf  fpecac 2  drachms. 

Spirits  of  Xittr 3 

■»,Vaterto  make 4  ounces. 

Mix  and  i^'wc  i  teaspiKniful  three  times  a  day. 
If  the  lungs  are  affected  and  there  is  a  short,  distressing 
cough  and  rapid,  painful  breaJu-.g,  accompanied  with  a  slight 
grunt  at  each  expiration,  apply  Mustard  paste  to  the  sides,  rub- 
bing it  well  into  the  hair  and  covering  to  retain  the  fumes.  After 
£,1  nour  sponge  it  ofi  with  tepid  water  and  repeat  the  application, 
oive  the  following  until  the  fever  is  broken: 

Tincture  of  Aconite  Root 3"  drops. 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter }i  ounce. 

Tincture  of  Gentian Vi 

Syrup  of  Tolu 2  ounces. 

Water  to  make 4 

Mix  and  give  i  teaspoonful  every  t^o  hours. 

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THE  PRACTICAL  .SToCK   DOCTOR 


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When  fever  is  gone,  give; 

F.lixir  of  Calisaya,  Irciii  atnl  I'.isimiUi  2  mui'-es. 

S'-nip  ..f  To!u 2 

Clilor.iteof  Potash 3  iJnuhtns. 

Water  to  make 6  uutiics. 

Mix  and   give  i  tablespoonful  every  three 
or  four  hours. 

Contintie  the  Qninine  riglit  tIiron;;h.      T'\ed  li-htly  an'  •  ee 
that  there  is  good  ventilation,  but  avui'l  drafts  and   have  a  Inn 
peratnre  of  abont  fio  to  62. 

FITS. — This  is  a  coinmon   ailment   in   a  dop,  owing  to  a 
highly  developed  nervous  system. 

Causes. — Worms;  indigestion,  overeating,  etc. 

5vw/i/(7W.';.  "There  is  champing  of  jaws;  frothing  at  the 
mouth;  delirium;  the  dog  falls,  works  his  le^s  violently,  and  after 
a  miinite  or  so  gets  quiet;  very  soon  j;ets  np,  shakes  himselt, 
Iouks  around  rather  wildly  as  though  bewildered  for  the  moment, 
and  in  a  few  moments  is  as  well  as  ever  until  another  comes  on 
Each  fit  weakens  him  more  and  more,  and  he  may  finally  die  from 
exhaustion. 

TkI'AT.MENT. — 

Xiiiliing  can  be  done  until  the  fit  is  over.     Then  gi\e  a  dose 
of   Castor  Oil      i  t(j  .^  tablespoon fuls,  acconUng  to  size  of  dog 
and  inject  into  rectum  the  following: 

Sulphuric  ICtlicr i  oiince, 

I.aulanuin ■     I       " 

Water 2  (i\itires. 

Mix  and  injrct  l  teaspoonfu!  ir'i  the  rectum 
occa.sionally. 

After  one-half  hour  begin  on  the  following: 

Broniide  of  Potiish 2  dr.ichms. 

Water ^ 

J/ix  and  give  I  tablespoonful  initil  the  Oil 
ojierates. 
Should  there  be  more  fits,  continue  for  twelve  hours  longer. 
If  fits  do  not  return,  give  three  times  a  day  for  a  couple  of  days. 
If  worms  are  suspected  treat  for  them , 


1  i 


DISKASI'S  OF  THE  DOG 


^33 


GOITRE,  OR  SWELLED  NECK.— This  is  an  enlarge- 
ment «f  the  thyroitl  gland,  situated  at  the  >ide  of  the  neck,  two 
or  tliree  inches  from  the  throat.  It  has  been  known  to  grow  as 
large  as  the  fist,  and  frc(iiiently  interferes  with  the  breathing  by 
pressing  on  the  windpipe.     May  be  on  both  sides. 

Tkicatmi.n'T. — 

Faint  it  once  a  day  with  the  Tincture  of  Iodine,  or  instead 

of  that: 

Iodide  of  Potash 2  drachms. 

Lard 2  ounces. 

^fix  and  rill)  it  on  once  a  day. 

Will  usually  yield  to  treatment  in  a  few  weeks. 

DIARRHEA.— This  is  not  a  very  common  disease  in  dogs, 
but  is  sometimes  produced  by  a  change  of  food. 

Treatment.— 

Keep  the  dog  quiet  and  give  him  boiled  milk  with  a  little 
dry  flour  in  it,  and  in  many  cases  this  will  be  sufficient.  If  this 
is  not  sufficient  give  a  large  dog: 

Laudanum 'i  diachm. 

Whiskey '  tablespoonful. 

Boiled  Milk  and  riour Vi  cup. 

Repeat  three  times  a  day  until  well. 
Sometimes  a  dose  of  Castor  Oil  at  the  outset  will  be  effectual 
without  treatment.     Proper  care  and  surroundings  should  sup- 
plement til      veatment. 

CONSTIPATION.— This  is  quite  a  common  disease  among 
logs. 

5)'w/)for?5.— There  is  little  or  no  action  of  the  bowels;  dog 
strains,  and  what  little  is  passed  is  he'd  and  dry.  Is  dull  and 
will  not  eat. 

Treatment. — 

Give  a  large  dog  a  dose  of  Castor  Oil,  ^  ounce,  repeating 
in  ten  hours  if  bowels  do  not  move.     Soapy  water  injections  may 

^^    J_g    ygg^J    ^o     ^=='-=*     -^r-ilnry  Or     OrivP  tO  a  lafPC  dop    li    OUUfC 


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ssist  action.     Or,  give  to  a  large  dng  V, 


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6,^4  Till.  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Syrup  Buckthorn,  niKht  and  morning,  until  bowels  move,     t'ue 
new  milk  for  foo<l  and  sec  that  he  has  moderate  exercise.     1." 
courage  dog  to  eat  Oat  Meal,  well  cooked,  and  vegetables;    well 
cooked  Liver  is  also  l)eneficial. 

INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  BOWELS.- 

rrt//.<«.— Eating  caustic  subs  uices;  from  poisons,  or  from 
lying  too  long  on  cold,  icy  ground. 

.SVw/'Ajwc.— There  will  be  whining;  uneasiness;  frequent 
getting  up  and  down;  |  lir.  on  pressure  of  the  belly;  high  fever; 
rapid  pulse;  hurried  breathing  and  constipation. 

Trk.\tmknt. — 

First,  give  'j  otnice  Castor  Oil  with  a  tablespoonful  Olive 
Oil  in  it  to  a  large  dng.      In  a  half  luuir  give  the  following: 

Tincture  .VoniU- R<K)t )4  <irai;liin. 

Water J  ounces 

A/i.v,   KJve   I   talilfspounful   iif   mixture  and 
repeat  every  half  hour. 

Give  s'i.  to  ]{  grain  of  Morphine  every  three  to  four  hours  to 
allay  pain,  and  apply  a  Linseed  Meal  poultice,  with  a  table- 
spoonful  of  Mil -lard  in  it,  wet  up  with  hot  water,  to  the  bowels. 
Injections  of  warm  water  are  helpful. 

WORMS.  -The  two  principal  kinds  of  worms  that  trouble 
the  dog  are  tapeworms  and  round  worms,  and  we  give  treatment 
for  those. 

Sym/'foms.—Thii  general  symptoms  of  worms  are:  Generally 
a  good  appetite,  but  does  not  thrive;  dry,  staring  coat;  cfmgh; 
with  a  desire  to  vomit;  sometimes  vomit  worms;  diarrhea  or 
constipation;  sometimes  worms  seen  in  manure;  if  badly  affected 
or  reduced,  fits  are  apt  to  follow.  In  some  instances  there  may 
be  bloody  passages  and  a  pot-bellied  look. 

Trh.\tment.— 

P"or  round  worms  give  every  morning  for  a  week  before 
feeding  the  following: 

Santonine 4  grains. 

Sulphurct  of  Iron 2       " 

Sugar  of  Milk 9o      " 

Powder  and  tnix  and  give  as  one  dose. 


.!■' 


DISIvASKS  OF  THE  DOG 


635 


Follow  the  last  dose  with  a  dose  f)f  Castor  Oil,  2  tablespoon- 
fuls,  with  10  drops  TurpciUiiie  in  it.  KiiHiit  the  trcatiiieiit  at 
the  end  of  three  weeks.  Or,  ^ive  ,'j  drachm  Oil  ot  Male  Sl'.ield 
Fern  in  4  tahkspoonfuls  Milk  every  third  day  until  bowels  move 
well  and  animal  is  free  of  worms.  Tat  well  back  in  his  mouth 
and  hold  his  head  until  swallowed. 

For  Tapeworm  have  the  dog  fast  for  24  honrs,  and  then 
give  him  i  driclim  Areca  N'ut,  coarsely  l>owdercd,  and  made 
into  a  pill  with  syrnp.  In  four  or  five  hours  give  2  lablesixjon- 
fuls  Castor  Oil,  and  when  it  has  operated  give: 

Male  Shidd  I'ern 20  drops. 

Olive  Oil •  tablespoonful. 

Jlixol  tojjtthcr. 
F.xamine  passa^'es  carefully  to  find  head  of  tapeworm,  and  if 
this  does  not  come  away,  rej)eat  after  two  weeks.     Thi.s  dose  is 
for  large  dogs;    give  small  or  young  dogs  pn] crlionalely  less. 

MANGE.-  Mange  is  caused  by  a  niite-like  organism  that 
Durrows  into  the  skin.  It  spreads  all  over  the  body,  but  mostly 
affects  the  skin  on  the  back,  head  and  neck.  It  will  spread  by 
contagion,  even  to  human  beings. 

Svmpfom'^. -There  is  intense  itching,  and  the  dog  will  scratch, 
rub  and  bite  himself  until  the  hair  falls  off,  and  in  some  cases 
the  skin  gets  so  sore  and  irritated  that  it  will  bleed.  It  usually 
appears  first  on  elbows,  fore  legs,  around  eyes,  on  belly,  in  the 
flanks,  and  down  inside  the  thighs,  but  soon  spreads  to  c\\  parts 
of  the  body,  lieing  characterized  by  a  reddish,  pimply  eruption, 
with  scaly  patches  between  pimples,  and  by  loss  of  hair.  There 
is  also  a  disagreeable  odor. 


the  skin   all  over 


Treatment.— 

cup  off  hair  and  wash  thoroughly  with  soapy  water;  rub  dry 
and  apply  the  following  wash,  rnlibing   itilt 

the  body: 

Creoliu 2  tablespoonfuls. 

Water '  pin^- 

Repeat  once  a  day  until  the  dog  stops  scratcli- 

iu^  lulll^t.il,  .^Wia  iu -.:  ^  :::'.■!  :::i:r  Starts  Otlt 


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THF.  PRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


III  additiDii  give  ;»  lar^c  du^  '  KasjKJonfiil  of  Sull'linr  in  mil'c 
twice  a  day.     Or,  iiihUa<l  of  Crc"!iii,  make  an  oiiiuuciit  of: 


Sviliiliiir . 
Lar.l 


J    DlllU'l'.'i. 

2 


Afit  ami  apply  oni  f  a  'lay;  Imt  washing; 
nct'il  not  lie  rf]Hitcil  unless  more  than  lour 
api)lii-.iti'>ns  an-  rfq\iirci|. 

In  case  of  i)r()loiigcd  trtatniciit.  wash  cvcry  fourth  day.  Use 
discretion  alx.nt  w.asliinK'  and  clipping  when  weather  is  cold. 
The  kcn!iel  nnist  l>e  thi)ruu<hly  niiovated  and  disinfected,  usinj; 
iKjilinj;  w.itir  and  soap,  and  solntir.n  of  Carbolic  Acid,  or 
one  part  Corro.sivc  Snbiiinate  to  i.-ah)  parts  water,  to  dtslioy 
germs. 

RINGWORM.— 

Cause —A  parasite  that  causes  considerable  local  irritation. 

6)7///i/()w?.— Tlie  elevation  of  the  skin  in  the  form  i.f  a  rin^, 
which  spreads  by  the  linp  increasing  in  size,  »he  skin  becoming 
scaly  and  routjli,  and  soon  the  hair  drops  of!. 

Treatmknt.— 

Wash  with  soapy  water  and  apply  the  following: 

Oil  of  Tar 1  '""»e 

Whale  t)il so  oiinies. 

flfix  and  rul>  in  well. 

This  remedy  is  also  ^ood  for  Mange. 

FLEAS.— These  are  very  troublesome  to  dogs,  and  occasion 
him  a>iJ  olkcrs  a  great  deal  of  regret. 

Tkkatmhnt. — 

Clean  the  kennel  and  put  m  dean  bedding.  U.se  Persian 
Insect  Powder  liberally,  dnsting  down  into  the  roots  of  the  hair, 
around  on  carpets  if  dog  is  kept  in  the  house,  and  on  places  where 
he  is  accustomed  to  lie.  Or  use  the  Creolin  wash,  as  in  Mange— 
2  tablespoonfulf  Creolin  in  a  pint  of  water,  repeating  every  three 
or  four  days.     The  following  ointment  is  also  recommended: 

Oil  of  Anise '  ounce. 

Olive  Oil lo  ounces. 

Mix  and  rub  well  into  the  hair,  washing  oZ 
after  .SIS  hours. 


I)ISKASi:S_01-  Till.  l>o(V ^37 

LICE.     There  are  two  kinds  of  lice  that  sometimes  trouble 
dogs-  the  blcMKl-sucking  and  the  bird  hoc. 

Tri'.atment.—  •»..„„ 

These  may  be  eradicated  with  the  Creohn  wash,  as  in  Matvge 
uui  1-leas.  ,.r  by  sifting  wood  ashes  into  the  hair;  by  oding  the 
doK  with  Whale  Oil  and  wa^hiuK  it  of!  a  few  hours  afterward,  or 
washing  hini  in  an  infnslon  of  tol)acco. 

SORE  EYES. -This  is  an   inflammation  of  the  eye  and 

its  covering. 

Causes.  -From  something  petting  into  eyes;  or  from  a  bUe 
or  scratch,  or  any  other  irritant. 

5,..;,/.r^;«.v.-b:yesare  red  and  inflamed,  and  after  a  tmie  a 
fdm  will  come  over  the  sij^ht;  sometimes  the  eyelids  are  swollen 
and  tears  rnii  irom  the  corners. 

'^"'' I'xamineTye  for  the  presence  of  foreii-,n  matter  an.l  remove 
it  if  fonn.l;  then  apply  the  following  eye  water: 

Boracic  Ao.l '"  «^''""- 

Distillcl  Water a  ounces. 

.)/(,•  .ilia  .-irr'-y  ''"»  t"  ''y*-'  t*'"  '^^'^^  ''*^' 

aftiT  KilhinK  with  hot  water. 

°'"  Sulpha!.-.. f/i"c U<lraeh,n 

Su^ar  of  I.ia.l '■»    ^ 

Mai.l  I':\tr,ict  of  lAlla.l.)iina IS  ''"'V' 

Water  "♦ 

A/,.r   aiMl    ai.i.ly    to    the    eye;,   after  bathuiK 
with  new  tnilk. 

CANKER  OF  THE  EAR.-This  is  a  common  disease  of 

dogs. 

^'„«,,,._lmpropcr  and  hifih  feeding  and  also  said  to  be 
commrn  in  dogs  that  run  thro«<,'h  long,  wet  grass. 

5>';;,/^/.;«5.-Shaking  the  head  and  scratchinR  the  ear;  there 
is  a  discharge  from  the  ear  that  has  a  bad  odor;  dog  holds  his 
head  xr.  one  f:-::e. 


^^'  'Wr  r  *rvlt5MKiA««i«i.-jdfc^ 


"^ 


!<•    '^  .> 


638  THE  PRACTICAT.  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Treatment. — 

Give  a  vegetable  diet  tor  a  time.  Thorotij;hly  syringe  ear 
with  warm  water  and  apply  Oxide  of  Zinc  OinttiiLiil,  or  apply  a 
lotion  of: 

Sugar  of  Lead i  part. 

Water 16  jiarts. 

L,et  one  hold  the  dog's  head  in  one  hand,  having  the  root  of 
the  car  between  the  thumb  and  first  finger  of  the  other  hand. 
Pour  Ji  teaspoonful  into  ear  and  close  it,  working  it  with  fingers 
.so  that  the  litpiid  penetrates  thoroughly.     It  gives  no  pain. 

DEAFNESS. — A  common  trouble  with  old  dogs,  but  may 
occur  from  accumulation  of  wax. 

Treatment. — 

If  an  old  dog,  little  can  be  done,  but  if  it  he  a  young  one, 
syringe  out  the  ear  with  soapy  water  and  drop  into  tlie  ear  a  few 
drops  of  Olive  Oil.     Repeat  every  other  day  for  a  few  days. 

CHOREA.  -  This  is  a  disease  of  the  nervous  system. 

Causis.  At  may  follow  an  attack  of  Distemper  or  arise  fron* 
an  injury. 

Svwp/oina. --There  is  a  (juick,  nervous  jerking  cf  the  affected 
pai  t,  which  is  most  commonly  the  iieaii,  neck  and  fore  parts.  It 
may  be  so  bad  as  to  make  the  animal  utterly  useless. 

Treat.ment. — 

When  once  seated  it  is  incurable,  but  if  taken  in  time 
Bromide  of  Potash  in  l{  to  li  drachm  doses,  twice  a  day  in  milk, 
or  on  the  tongue  with  a  spoon,  will  be  found  a  good  remedy. 
Or  gire; 

Sulphate  of  Iron 3  grains. 

Salfpi'tcr 4       " 

nrown  Sii.k'ai^ 'j   ilraclim. 

PowiliTi'd  and  mixed. 

Repeat  night  and  morning  for  a  couple  of  weeks. 

RHEUMATISM. — This  disease  occurs  in  the  dog  in  both 
the  acute  and  chronic  form. 


tlLt* 


^m:vsi'jL''jmiii' 


'    3 


of 
id. 

ers 


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ew 


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It 


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)th 


DISEASES  OF  THE  DOG 


''39 


Causts. — Exposure  to  bad  weather;  remaining  idle  and  wet 
after  being  in  the  water:  damp  kennels;  high  living,  etc. 

Symptoms. — The  attack  comes  on  rather  suddenly,  the  joints 
swell,  the  pulse  becomes  full  and  tense,  the  eyes  blood-shot, 
stomach  deranged  and  bowels  costive.  Severe  pains  run  through 
the  joints,  tongue  is  coated,  the  mu/./.le  hot  and  dry,  and  animal 
whines  or  howls  from  pain. 

Chronic  rheumatism  is  known  as  gout.  There  is  pain  in  the 
parts,  the  muscles  are  ♦ender  and  joints  stiff,  with  but  little 
inflammation.     Pain  seems  to  be  eased  by  exercise. 

Treatment. — 

For  acute  forms  give  the  following: 

Extract  of  Colocy nth i  scruple. 

Calomel lo  Kr.iins. 

Powdered  (iaiiiboge 2 

Aloes lo 

Mix  AwX  make  into  four  (lills  and  .i;ive  two 
at  night  and  two  in  the  moniini,'. 

The  dog  should  be  wrapped  in  warm  blankets,  and  a  warm 
bath  may  be  used.  Keep  the  bf)wels  in  condition  by  using  purga- 
tives.    Plasters  may  be  applied  to  the  spine. 

The  treatment  for  the  chronic  form  is  similar  to  the  acute. 
It  consists  of  warm  baths,  warm,  dry  quarters,  strict  attention  to 
food  and  in  keeping  the  l)owels  in  proi)er  condition.  Stimulants 
may  be  applied  to  parts.  Spirits  of  Camphor  is  excellent,  but 
other  stimulating  liniments  may  be  used  instead. 

PARALYSIS.— This  disease  is  rather  common,  but  yields 
to  treatment. 

Catt5f5.— Generally  as  a  sequel  to  distemper,  but  may  follow 

a  bad  cold. 

Symptoms. -'th'sxe.  is  at  first  a  staggering  gait  in  the  hind 
parts,  which  grows  rapitlly  worse  until  dog  has  no  power  over 
them. 

Treatment.— 

Clip  the  hair  off  over  the  loins  and  apply  the  following  to 

back  alon^  the  spine: 

Lunar  Caustic. i  stick. 

Water I  tea.spoonful. 

Mix  and  apply  with  a  camel's  hair  pencil 


ill  1 

5  i 


'    !'; 


It 


f\\o 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


'His 


iil'iifli 


Prepare  the  following: 

Nux  Voinita i  <Iiaclini. 

Gentian 2  drachms. 

Iodide  of  I'otaNh 2 

Simple  Syniii q-  s. 

Mix  and  make  into  30  pills. 

Give  ].{  of  a  pill  night  and  morning  for  three  days,  then  in- 
crease to  ;.'  pill  for  three  days,  then  to  :^i  of  a  pill  for  three  days, 
and  finally  a  whole  pill.  If  dog  is  young  give  until  an  effect  is 
noticed  in  rigid  muscks  and  stiff  legs,  in  one-half  to  i  hour  after 
taking.  If  an  old  or  large  dog  continue  to  increase  dose  up  to 
2  pills;  then  keep  on  till  symptoms  are  noted.  When  giving 
larger  doses,  don't  omit,  or  the  next  might  kill  the  dog.  Repeat 
blister  if  needed.  I-'eed  nourishing  food,  keep  clean,  and  keep 
bowels  open  with  occasional  doses  Castor  Oil. 

RABIES,  OR  HYDROPHOBIA.— This  disease  is  the 
effect  of  a  specific  blood  poison  introduced  by  innoculation  in 
some  way.  It  is  also  thought  to  arise  spontaneously  in  hot 
weather  among  some  animals.  The  bite  of  another  dog  is  the 
common  means  of  conveying  the  disease. 

Syinf^hms.     It  comes  on  gradually.     .'\t  f^rst  a  nervous  un- 
easiness, a  melancholy  look,  an  unusual  fondness  for  the  master, 
and  a  quiet,  subdued  manner  in  actions  with  a  loss  of  playfulness. 
This  changes  to  a  wild  expre.ssion  of  cotmtenance,  and  an  inclina- 
tion to  hide;  may  be   called   out,  but   will  seem  scared  and  run 
back;  if  poked  with  a  stick,  will  snap;  appears  very  thirsty,  but 
cannot  swallow,  cannot  eat.    In  a  few  days  symptoms  will  develop 
and  he  will  become  a  tramp.     If  shut  in,    will  go   round   and 
round  as  if  wanting  to  get  out.     If  out  he  will  walk  off,  snapping 
and   biting   at  everything  that  comes  in  the  way-  injuring  his 
mouth  so  that  the  froth  that  hangs  from  the  jaws  is  streaked 
with  blood.     He  howls  dismally  once  in  a  while.     The  tongue 
gets  black,  the  lower  jaw  often  drops  and  tongue  protrudes,  and 
though  in  his  paroxysms  he  will  close  his  jaws  enough  to  bite,  he 
cannot  howl.     Symptoms  grow  worse  till  death. 


m 


Ao^'/. 


i 


DISEASES  OF  THIv  DOG 


641 


Treatment. — 

Kill  the  dog.  In  case  a  valuable  dog  is  known  to  have  been 
bitten,  cut  out  a  piece  where  bitten  and  cauterize  the  wound  .ith 
Caustic  Potash,  Nitrate  of  Silver,  or  a  red-hot  iron.  The  animal 
shou»'l  be  kept  chained  till  all  danger  of  madness  is  past— not  less 
thap  six  weeks. 

SURFEIT.— Dogs  that  are  kept  in  close  confinement  and 
yvi^f-fed  are  subject  to  surfeit,  as  shown  by  plethora,  pimples  on 
the  akin,  and  sometimes  in  a  mild  form  of  fits  or  vertigo. 

Treatment.— 

Reduce  feed,  give  more  exercise  and  give  1  drachm  doses  of 

Jalap  made  into  pills  with  Syrup. 

ABSCESSES  AND  TUMORS.— These  frequently  occur 
in  weakly  dogs  that  have  been  run  down  by  disease,  and  from 
impure  blood.     Tumors  are  common  in  puppyhood. 

Treatment. — 

Poultice,  and  when  ready  to  open  lance  and  let  out  contents.^ 

Inject  this  lotii  i  three  times  a  day: 

CarlHjlic  Acid 2  drachms. 

Water '  Pi"!*. 

Mix. 

11  animal  is  run  down  in  condition  give: 

Sulphate  of  Iron 3  grains. 

Saltpeter 4 

Brown  Sugar %  drachm. 

flfix.    Repeat  night  and  morning  for  a  week. 

If  dog  is  in  good  condition  give  instead: 

Cream  Tartar i  tablespoonful. 

Water 'A  P>nt. 

jrix  and  give  2  tablespoonf  uls  every  morning. 

FRACTURES  AND  WOUNDS.— Dogs  often  get  bones 
fractured  in  various  ways- as  a  kick  from  a  horse,  or  by  being 
struck  with  something. 

If  the  back  is  broken  nothing  can  be  doir  but  kill  the 
animal  to  get  him  out  of  pain.     If  a  hip  or  shoulder  bone  is 


I* 


ii' 


ii 


lie 


I 


pi      M 


11 


i  i^   « 


If 


642 


THl'   rKACTlCAL,  STUCK.  DOCTOR 


fractured  and  the  dog  is  young,  keej)  him  ipiiet  and  the  bones 
will  knit  together,  but  tliere  is  not  much  chance  for  an  old  one. 
If  in  the  leg,  set  sinuglit  as  possible,  and  do  up  with  splints  and 
a  starch  banthige  (a  long  strip  of  cloth  soaked  in  starch  water 
and  wrung  out  as  dry  as  jwssible),  rolling  it  around  the  fractured 
leg  so  it  will  go  above  and  below  the  break,  moderately  tight, 
and  holding  leg  till  it  dries  or  hardens.  Keep  dog  quiet  and 
keep  the  bandage  on  for  three  or  four  weeks,  or  until  healed. 

In  case  of  wounds  or  cuts,  attend  at  once.  If  sore  footed 
from  thorns  or  long  exposure  to  cold  water  examine,  and  if  there 
are  slivers  or  thorns  remove  them;  and  if  needed,  apply  a  poultice 
until  inflammation  subsides;  then  apply  the  following — bandaging 
feet  loosely  to  prevent  licking: 

Sui;;ir  of  I, Lid I  ounce. 

Water I  pint. 

Mix  iiiiil  li.ith'.-  l!io  jinU  twico  a  (lay. 

If  wound  is  torn  much,  sectir.-  the  dog's  mouth  and  tie  his 
limbs,  then  ^litch  up  the  wound  as  directed  ui  the  HoRSB 
Department.  There  are  some  that  sav  that  there  is  no  need  to 
apply  lotions  after  ilressing  a  wound  such  as  this,  but  just  leave 
the  dog  in  a  quiet,  dark  place  and  allow  him  to  lick  the  wound,  it 
having  great  healing  power.  If  where  he  cannot  lick  it,  or  yoti 
do  not  wish  him  to,  use  the  following: 

Carlidlic  Aiiii 2  <liaclinis. 

Water I  lint. 

Jt/ix  iind  apply. 

BREEDING  AND  LITTERING.— Bitches  usually  come 
in  heat  about  twice  a  year,  but  .some  of  them  oftener.  There  is 
a  period  of  nine  days  coming  and  the  same  going  off.  During 
that  time  she  will  take  the  dog  about  half  the  time.  The  time 
of  gestation  is  nine  weeks.  At  the  end  of  that  time  she  will 
go  by  herself  and  make  a  nest.  As  a  rule,  after  the  first  pup 
comes  the  rest  of  litter  comes  soon  after.  The  front  feet  and 
head  should  come  together,  or  it  should  come  hind  feet  first. 
Should  there  be  a  devi;ition,  push  pup  back  and  with  oiled  finger 
bring  forward  lacking  member  or  members  so  tha*  it  can  come 
right      Don't  meddle  too  much  if  matters  go  fairly  wdl.    In  ctse 


DISKAvSKS  Ol'   THK  DOG 


643 


.-  pup  remains  in  pas.^aj;(j  tor  a  half  hour  or  more,  assist,  but  do 
so  gcutly  or  you  will  injure  one  or  the  other,  or  both.  Keep 
mother  warm  aud  feed  easily  digested  food  for  a  few  days;  then 
if  there  are  no  signs  of  fever,  her  feed  may  be  more  abundant  and 
hearty.  If  appetite  fails  and  she  runs  down,  feed  pups  on  boiled 
milk  and  give  the  mother  the  Sulphate  of  Iron  to:iic  mentioned 
in  Chorea.  Put  pups  to  bitch  three  times  a  day,  but  only  for  a 
lew  minutes  to  avoid  wfjrrying  her.  In  case  of  a  swollen  and 
sore  teat,  or  part  of  the  udder,  wash  with  warm  water,  dry  and 
bathe  with: 

Gum  Camphor I  ounce. 

Olive  Oil 4  ounces. 

Mix. 

If  pups  die,  milk  bitch  two  or  three  times  a  day  to  keep 
down  inflanmiatiou.  Pups  should  be  weaned  in  from  four  to  six 
weeks. 


HOW  TO  CUT  PUPPIES'  TAILS.— Is  usually  done 
when  about  one  month  old.  The  length  of  tail  varic-s  with  the 
breed.  Decide  on  length  wanted  and  tlien  find  a  joint  in  the  tail. 
Cut  it  through  with  one  stroke  of  a  sharp  knife.  Usually  tiiere 
is  not  much  bleeding,  but  should  there  be,  touch  the  wound  with 
Monsel's  Solution  of  Iron,  or  touch  it  with  a  hot  iron  to  sear  it 
over.     In  most  ciscs  it  will  be  all  right  without  treatment. 

GONORRHEA. — This  is  not  an  uncommon  disease  in  the 
dog  and  frequently  comes  on  without  any  assignable  cause. 

Symploin^.  Will  be  kn',)wii  i)y  the  matter  seen  dripping  from 
the  end  of  tlie  sheath,  or  clinging  to  it. 

TK}.;.\T:MrNT. — 

Syringe  out  the  parts  with  tepid  water,  and  afterward  with 
the  following  lotion: 

SuKar  of  Lead 2  drachms. 

Water I    pint. 

,1/.'j-  .inil  in;.-,:'-  -3  '.\\.oz-  iwicc  a  day. 

POISONS  AND  ANTIDOTES.-  When  a  dog  has  Ixjen 
poisoned  the  first  'hing  to  do  is  to  give  an  emetic— a  teaspoouf  u! 


r,44 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


each  of  Mustard  and  salt,  in  a  lilll  warm  water-just  lukewarm. 
If  this  does  not  vomit  him  in  a  minute,  repeat  it,  and  if  it  still 
does  not  act,  give  a  half  teaspoon  Blut=  Vitriol  in  a  little  warm 
water  or  the  same  ciuantily  of  the  Sulphate  of  Zinc;  then  give  a 
few  swallows  of  milk,  or  a  raw  egg.  or  a  little  Olive  Oil.  A 
tablespoonful  of  the  last  named  may  be  given  every  five  minutes 
for  a  half  hour:  also  a  few  raw  eggs.  These  are  to  moderate  the 
corrosive  or  otherwise  destructive  action  of  the  poison  upon  the 
tissues  that  line  the  stomach  and  bowels.  For  chemical  antidotes 
(to  counteract  the  effect  on  the  blood,  nervous  system,  etc.),  refer 
to  Poisons  in  the  Diseases  of  the  Horse,  regulating  the  do=e  to 
suit  the  animal.  A  dog  of  averag*  size  requires  about  the 
same  dose  as  a  man,  or  about  one-twelfth  of  thedose  for  the  horse. 


■!1H 


n. 
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in 
a 
A 
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be 
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to 
he 
se. 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT 


INSTRUMENTS 


See  passes  6jg,  650,  6£i,  ft~,2  for  Iti'itrumcnU  tircceded  by  *. 

*Bistoury.— Kor  makiiij;;  incisions.  It  consists  of  a  handle 
to  which  is  attached  a  blade,  \ariousl3-  shajK'il,  according  to  exact 
use  for  whicn  it  is  to  l)e  put,  t-itht-r  fixed  or  movable. 

Catheter. — For  drawing  off  the  contents  of  the  bladder  when 
animal  canncjt  make  water.  Is  also  used  in  treating  deep  ulcers, 
liquid  being  injected  through  it  by  means  of  a  syringe.  It  is 
a  round  gutta-percha  tube,  of  which  one  end  is  open,  the  other 
e!id  being  rounded,  with  two  small  holes  at  the  side  near  by.  It 
should  always  be  oiled  and  introduced  carefully. 

Firing-Iron.— For  actual  cautery— burning  with  a  red-hot 
iron  -which  though  not  used  as  much  as  formerly,  is  still  useful 
in  some  classes  of  cases. 

■-'■Forceps. — For  extracting  splinters,  pieces  of  Iwne,  teeth, 
and  the  like;  also  for  seizing  arteries  to  tie  them.  They  are 
pincers  with  l(Mig  jaws.     Those  with  a  .spring  are  preferred. 

*Needles.—  For  sewing  ui>  wounds,  etc.  They  are  of  differ- 
ent shapes  as  well  as  different  sizes. 

Probang. — .\  straight,  flexible  tube,  with  rounded  eud,  for 
pushing  substances  down  the  throat  in  cases  of  choking. 

Probe,  -h'or  exploring  wounds.  They  are  made  of  silver 
wire,  with  one  end  slightly  knoljbed,  and  are  of  different  sizes. 

Scalpel.—  A  surgeon's  knife,  str.aight  and  keen-edged.  For 
veterinary  pur|K)ses,  it  shouUl  l)e  broad  and  strong. 

Scissors.-  -Straight  or  curved,  and  are  necessary  for  trim- 
ming i-dges  of  woimds,  for  clipping  off  the  hair,  etc 

645 


ril 


t 


6)6 


THH  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


*Seton  Needles.  -These  are  for  drawing'  setons  under  the 
^kin.  Their  blades  arc  broad  and  ci:rved,  with  a  round  shank 
twelve  inches  lonj^,  antl  with  eye  at  tlie  I)lnnt  end. 

Shoeing    Knife— Frog    Knife-    Drawing    Knife.— Used 

for  cnttin.i;  into  and  paring  the  hoof,  as  in  horseshoein<^.  It  is  a 
tliin  blade  with  a  sharply-curved  end,  fixed  on  a  handle,  and  i; 
useful  in  caring  for  a  horse's  feet. 

"•' Syringe. — There  are  regnlar  horse  atid  cattle  syringes  now 
in  niarke'  I'or  gi\int;  small  doses  of  licjnid  medicines,  one  that 
can  be  n-.  .1  with  one  hand  is  very  nsefnl.  The  India-rnbber  pii>e 
and  fmniel  is  a  good  Nnbstitnte  in  giving  injections.  A  bulb 
syringe  for  injecting  abscesses  and  eleaning  wounds  is  verj-  desira- 
able.      (b'or  (kscrijUion  of  the  Hypodermic  Syringe,  see  page  335.) 

^^Trocar. — This  is  a  simple  instrument  resembling  an  awl. 
It  is  generally  provided  with  a  hollow  tube  that  encloses  it, 
c:dled  a  canula.  It  is  u-ed  for  ptmcturing  the  abdomen,  chest, 
etc.,  the  cannl.i  being  allowed  to  rer.iain  in  until  the  water, 
serum,  or  gas  has  escaped. 

"■•Repeller.— A  rod  with  a  short,  slightly-curved  cross-bar  at 
one  end  for  repelling  a  iiLtU'^,  in  order  to  make  a  correction 
when  the  f(etns  is  crowfkd  too  far  back  in  the  pehis. 


A  CHEAP  AND  PRACTICABLE  INSTRUMENT 
OUTFIT  FOR  THE  STOCKMAN.  -The  following  outfit 
will  serve  the  ]Mir])oses  of  most  stockmen,  and  all  can  ]k-  selected 
at  a  moderate  cost  throue,h  any  dru'jgist.  They  should  all  be 
kijit  clean,  in  {vrfert  order,  and  together  in  a  neaf  case,  or 
wooden  box: 

■'',\  clinical  thern'.onuter. 
'A  pair  of  spring  art(  ry  fore  ip'-. 
A  silver  jirolx-. 

A  frog,  or  shoeing  knife. 
.\  pair  of  tur\-{<l  si.is-^ors, 

blado! 


.\  ''rfxid  scalpel.      .X  sin;.' 
inaki-.  -.1  ^(l(l(l  SuiiStilUit  . 


medium  si'/ed   iack-knife 


[ 


INSTRUMENTS  AND  APPARATUS 


647 


A  few  surgical  needles,  of  clifTereiit  sizes  and  shapes;  some 
silk  thread,  and  a  little  catgut.  These  should  be  kept  in  a  leather 
rase  or  roll. 

''A  horse  trocar  and  canula. 
*A  milking  tube. 
A   two-ounce   hard    rubber   syringe,    for   giving   medicine, 
injecting  small  abscesses,  etc. 

A  plain  bulb  syringe,  for  syringing  out  alwcesses  and  wounds. 
A  horse  catheter  is  often  of  great  value  if  one  is  a  long  way 
from  a  veterinarian. 

*A  graduate  for  measuring  li(iuid  metlicines. 


APPARATUS 


The  following  are  the  apparatus  and  appliances  which  the 
stock  owner  will  find  useful  to  have  on.  hand : 

Drenching  Bottle.— This  is  now  generally  used  instead  of 
the  drenching  horn  of  older  days.  It  should  have  a  long  neck, 
and  be  good  and  strong.  A  champagne  or  ale  lx)ttle  is  good. 
Have  one  holding  a  pint  and  another  holding  a  quart;  also  several 
olive  oil  bottles  for  drenching  sheep  and  calves. 

*Hobbles.— For  use  in  casting,  or  to  prevent  kicking.  They 
Are  usually  two  strong  ropes  25  feet  long;  also  two  strong  leather 
:<tt  aps,  doubled  and  sewed,  with  a  strong  buckle  and  a  ring,  or  D, 
for  each.  The  straps  are  Imokled  to  the  hind  pastern'^,  and  the 
ropes  are  pas,>^ed  from  tlie  rings,  or  D's,  forward  through  a  kwse 
collar  on  the  horse's  neck.     (See  "Casting"  in  Opkkations,  and 

in  C.XSTKATION.) 

Slings.— Tiicy  are  not  difTicult  to  make.  T.ake  for  the  belly 
supixjrt  two  or  three  thicknesses  of  very  stonl  canvas,  about  2S 
inches  wide  and  alwut  7  feet  long;  fasten  the  ends  l)y  sewing  them 
around  ami  lacking  to  smooth  sticks,  which  are  a  little  longer 
than  canvas  is  vide,  to  which  fasten  very  strotig  loops  of  rope. 


\     I 


It! 


J 


648 


THR  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Hook  the  Iwps  into  the  hooks  of  rxwhiflktR-e  turncl  nijside  down; 
fasten  th.  liftlUR  rojK'  to  the  riiiK  on  the  ni)iKT  side  of  the  whiffle- 
tree  and  pass  the  other  end  tliron^h  a  fixed  pnlley  overhead. 
ThcRirdle  is  kept  in  jxjsilion  hy  hreecliiiiK  and  breast  straps. 

To  nsc  the  shn^,  pkice  it  nnder  llie  animal's  lielly  and  draw 
it  up  snu«ly  against  it— ahout  tii^ht  enoni;h  to  take  olT  the  stretch 
of  the  roiK'S.     A  sHnj;  camiot  he  ii^d  iitdess  a  horse  can  sni)jK)rt 
nearly  three- fourths  of  his  weight;  it  is  intended  for  a  horse  to 
settle  into  and  rest  himself.     It  is  also  a  Kfeat  help  in  usin,^'  the 
slinks  to  surround  the  horse  witli  a  frame.      I'laee  him  with  one 
side  a^aiust  a  stroni;     irtilion;  alon^  the  opposite  side,  some  six 
or  eiKht  inches  from  the  horse,  securely  fasten  a  strong  stick— a 
'our  by  four  or  a  {lole:   fasten   the  front   end  to  the  manger,  the 
back  end  to  something  solid  behind;  have  it  pass  along  alxmt  the 
middle  of  the   side;   across   from   the  side  piece  to  the  partition, 
some  six    inches   in  front  of  his  breast,  securely  fasten  a  two  by 
four,  and  the  same  across  just  back  of  the  thiglis;  pad  these  with 
some  old  cloth.     The  frame  preveuU  the  in.ssibility  of  the  animal 
falling  out  of   the  sling,  either  forward  or  backward,  as  he  will 
sometimes  do  if  it  is  not  used,  and  it  also  furnishes  a  supi-«ort  fur  him 
to  lean  against.     If  possible  a  sling  should  be  lowerol  away  fiom 
the  animal  for  a  little  time  each  day  to  dry  off  the  belly.     (See 
cut,  in  IIoKsic  Di.i'.\ktmi;nt.) 

Sponges.— Two  or  three  of  these  should  Inr  kept  by  the 
stockman,  the  smallest  of  which  slu.tdd  be  fine;  the  others  should 
be  larger. 

A  Twist.--I'or  controlling  the  horse;  to  m.ake  and  apply, 
see  Oi'i-.KATiONS,  IIoksi-  Di'.I'Aktmknt. 

Probang.  -  A  piece  of  soft,  one-half  Inch  rubber  g.arden 
hose,  to  be  used  as  a  probang  in  choking,  for  giving  injections 
per  rectum,  and  for  fiushing  out  the  vagina  and  womb.  Also 
a  piece  of  small  rubber  tubing,  two  or  three  feel  long,  and  a  small 
funnel  to  use  in  milk  f.ver,  inflammation  of  the  udder,  etc. 

A  Spring-Ring  "Bull  Dog"  to  snap  in  the  nose  of  cattle  for 
holding  them. 


■iM' 


'i:   -:'  h- 


mry.wvamrT' 


INriTKllMi;NTS  ANl;  APPARATUS 


64.) 


Clinicai,  Thkrmdmktb*. 

J-'ordi-SLrip/imi,  srrfiagf  7'i. 


HvpoDKRMic  Syrinoe  and  Aspirator. 

Fordtictipttun  anduito/ Syii'igt,^" P't'  H^- 


Cradh  AlK. 


■Ml 


RKPELLER. 


I   It 

i 


&C2fci       __ 

i  W     '':■' 

T 

11  jf  * ' ' 

I'i'  '^ 

i!    j 

'  ■ 

650 


Till-;  FKACTICAI.  STOCK   DOC'l'ok 


N'BliDI.ES 


iJhiO.N  Sllhui.- 


i'AHTUiUXlON  IIOUK. 


Tig  FoKcai-s. 


ARTRUV  FORCRI'S. 


MlI.KINC.  Tl  UK. 
f\i>  usf.  s,e  -lousing  tilt  Milkinx  Tubr."  pjgf  i  <■ 


-^ 


jj»i#-yLiiii'iWjv^ 


Tbat  Si.ittkr,  or  Bistoury. 

As  an  example  u/ use,  see  in  ■■Stm lutr  of  Du.  t  at  Bate  of  Teat: 
page  ItU. 


j:a'  -ill 


INSTKI   \li;'.l:<    Wli   Al'l'AKATUS 


t>5i 


Skuk-Rktaimng  Tk^vcueotomv  Tuhe. 


OvAi,  Tkachua  Tlhk. 


H.'iKsiJ  Trocar  and 
Canula. 


I;     i 


M    R^ 


;: 


f    I 


Ilf  !|| « 


652  TH1<:  PRACTICAK  vSToCK  DOCTOR 


11' 


'1<      ill 


F.^tASCl;r,ATOR. 

For  deicfiption  and  uzt',  see  page  ir. 


ECRASETTl. 
Fm  otu  of  iu  ims,  of/  page  17i. 


'yiJ.  i^^BTWWB.^JW^-'y  y^V^^BtJiTir 


•^..''  ^i: »  r^-«i 


}jm^J:^Ji^>Ma 


MEDICINES— ACTION  AND  DOSE 


653 


MEDICINES-ACTION  AND  DOSE 


It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  in  the  brief  space  allowed  in  a 
section  of  this  kind  that  much  can  be  said  that  will  take  the  place 
of  experience,  but  at  the  same  time  something  may  be  given  that 
will  enable  one  with  good  judgment  to  arrive  at  safe  conclusions 
in  the  treatment  of  at  least  the  more  common  diseases  to  which 
domestic  animals  are  subject.  Where  one  is  not  familiar  with 
the  action  of  a  drug,  it  is  best  to  err  on  the  safe  side  and  to  give 
in  small  doses,  repeating  until  the  desired  effect  is  produced.^  In 
all  cases  where  a  doubt  exists,  consult  a  veterinarian,  for  if  an 
animal  is  worth  saving  at  all,  it  is  worth  the  advice  of  a  man  of 
skill  and  experience. 

The  doses  descrilied  in  this  section  are  for  adult  animals  of 
medium  size  of  their  class,  unless  otherwise  mentioned,  or  where 
the  d  ise  being  treated  is  peculiar  to  a  certain  age.  The  age, 
tempe.a.nent,  and  size  of  the  animal  must  always  be  taken  into 
consideration.  Animals  with  comixinnd  stomachs— those  that 
chew  the  cud— as  cattle  and  .sheep,  can  take  much  more  medicine 
in  proportion  to  their  size  than  animals  with  simple  stomachs. 
As  a  rule,  a  cow  will  take  1 14  to  2  times  as  much  as  a  horse. 
Sheep  will  take  about  'i  as  nuich  as  a  horse;  hogs,  >B  to  i-io  as 
nnich  as  a  horse.  Dogs  require  about  the  same  dose  as  a 
man.  The  proportionate  dose  for  each  animal,  as  to  age,  is  about 
as  ir.  the  following  table: 


HORSK. 
4  years, 
3     " 

2       " 

I  year, 
6  months, 
At  birth. 


ox. 

3  years, 
2     " 
I  year, 
9  months, 
6       " 
at  birth. 


SHSEP. 

I  }-i  years, 
I  year, 
9  months, 
6 

3       " 

at  birth. 


SWINB. 

1  •/!  years, 
I  year, 
9  months, 
6     " 

3    " 

at  birth, 


DOGS. 

1%  jearE, 
I  year, 
9  months, 
6     " 

3     " 
at  birth. 


DOSK. 

full  dose. 
H       " 

'A  " 

X  " 

4  " 

tW.  " 


Allowance  must  also  be  made,  in  case  of  continued  use,  for 
decrease  in  effect,  as  the  tendency  is  for  remedies  to  "wear 
out,"  and  have  less  and  less  effect ;  for  effect  on  the  individual, 


'!    i 

■i    ', 


ii 


r 


iM 


l-iil! 


I' 


i 


Hf 


''>54 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ns  may  be  noticed  Ijy  observing  action  on  the  particular  subject  ; 
and  also  for  the  influence  of  the  disease  when  it  is  likely  to  affect 
the  action.  For  example,  in  most  diseases  of  the  brain  and 
spinal  cord,  and  in  some  impactions  of  the  stomach,  double  the 
nsurd  quantities  of  purj^'ative  medicines  are  necessary,  while  in 
influenza  and  other  low  levers,  half  the  usual  dose  may  prove 
fatal.  In  acute  conj^estion  of  the  brain,  narcotics,  such  as  Opium, 
would  ag^^ravate  the  .symplimis. 

HOW  OFTEN  TO  GIVE  MEDICINES.— See  IIokss 

De1'.\ktme.nT  (pa.ue  73). 

SOME  OF  THE  FORMS  IN  WHICH  MEDICINES 
ARE  DISPENSED.— 

Powders.  A  great  many  medicines  are  in  powdered  form; 
they  can  be  given  this  way,  if  finely  ptdverized,  in  moistened 
feed;  they  can  be  dissolved  in  water,  if  soluble,  and  given  as  a 
drench;  or,  if  not  .soluble,  mi.\ed  witli  thin  gruel  aud  given  as  a 
drench. 

Fluid  Extracts.— .-V  fluid  extract  is  a  liquid  preparation  of 
a  vegetable  pviduct,  which  is  of  the  same  strength  as  the  crude 
drug  itself.  The\  arc  made  by  dissolving  the  active  principles 
of  the  drug  in  Alcohol,  Kthcr,  or  some  solvent,  and  then  evapor- 
ating until  of  the  strength  of  the  crude  drug.  The  dose  of  a  fluid 
extract  ar.<l  the  crude  drug  are  the  same.  The  fluid  extracts  are 
largely  u.'^ed  for  the  lower  animals. 

Tinctures.  -Tinctures  are  .Mcoholic  solutions  of  the  variotis 
drugs.  The  strength,  vaiies  with  the  different  drugs,  generally 
one-third  to  one-fifth  as  strong  as  the  fluid  extract. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES.— In  compounding  some 
medicines  it  is  necessary  to  be  verj-  exact  as  to  weight  and 
measure.  It  is  best  in  most  ca.scs  to  liave  formulas  put  up  by 
competent  druggists,  but  where  it  is  not  convenient  to  do  so,  the 
farmer  and  stockman  should  have  liis  own  scales  and  measuring 
glasses,  and  use  care  in  compounding.  The  following  are  the 
two  tables  of  weights  and  measures  used  : 


km 


k-MA,:::. 


MEDICINES— ACTION  AND  DOSE 


655 


Table  of  Apothecaries'  Weight. 

20  grains  make i  scruple. 

3  scruples  "     I  drachm. 

8  drachms"     ••  1  ounce. 

12  ounces    "     i  pound. 

While  the  above  table  is  used  by  the  druggist  in  filling 
prescriptions,  when  he  sells  drugs  in  bulk  he  gives  16  ounces  for 
a  pound,  instead  of  12  ounces.  In  tliis  work,  where  the  pound  is 
used,  16  ounces  is  intended.  In  referring  to  weights,  the  scruple 
is  rarely  ever  used,  but  instead,  60  grains,  i  drachm. 

Table  of  Apothecaries'  Liquid  Measure. 

60  minims   make i  fluid  drachm. 

8  fl.  drachms  make 1      "    ounce. 

16  fl.  ounces  "     l      "     pi"t- 

2  pints  make i      "    quart. 

4  quarts    "     i  gallon. 

Where  remedies  are  not  of  a  violent  nature,  the  following 
comparative  table  may  be  made  use  of,  though  not  so  accurate  as 
above  methods : 

Comparative  Table  of  Weight  and  Measure. 

I  drop  equals  about i  minim. 

60  drops  equal i  drachm,  or  I  level  leaspoonful. 

3  teaspoonfuls  equal i  tablesixwiiful. 

8  tea-  or  3  tahlespoonfuls  equal...  i  ounce. 

I  teacupful  equ.ils 6  ounces. 

I  coffeecup  or  tumblerful  equals...    8  ounces  or  yi  pint. 


Acetanilid.— A  white  crystalline  substance  used  to  lower 
temperature  in  cases  of  high  fever.  It  has  a  depressing  action 
on  the  heart  and  should  not  l)e  used  too  frequently  ;  should 
always  be  given  with  a  full  dose  of  alcohol  as  a  stimulant.  Dose: 
Horse,  i  to  2  drachms ;  cattle,  2  to  3  drachms ;  sheep,  20  <.o  40 
grains 

Acetic  Acid.— Is  the  sour  principle  of  \'inegar,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  common  vegetable  acids.  Pure  Ac-etic  Acid  is  used  to 
remove  warts.     Soak  the  warts  well  In  it. 


'■1 


iir•^€^«p^ 


im^ 


656 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Aconite.— Is  derived  from  the  root  of  the  Aconite  plant, 
also  known  as  wolfsbane,  monkshood,  etc.  It  .slows  the  action  of 
the  heart.  Good  for  the  early  stages  of  fevers  and  inflammations, 
but  should  not  be  given  when  the  action  of  the  heart  is  weak. 
Applied  externally  it  relieves  pain,  but  should  only  be  used  in 
small  quantities.  Poisonous.  /)(?.>.•«•  of  Fluid  Extract :  For  horse, 
10 to  15  drops;  cattle,  15  to  30 drops  ;  sheep,  3  to  5  drops  ;  swine, 
I  to  2  drops  ;  dogs,  -,',  to  i  drop.. 

Alcohol,  Whiskey,  Brandy. — Good  for  chills,  depression 
and  collapse,  or  when  animal  is  very  weak.  Dose  of  Alcohol : 
For  horse,  i  to  2  ounces  ;  cattle,  2  to  3  oujices  ;  sheep,  j/i  ounce; 
swine  and  dogs,  i  to  2  taI)lespoonfuls.  Dose  of  the  others:  Twioi 
as  much  as  the  dose  of  Alcohol. 

Ale  and  Beer — Stinmlant.  Dose:  Horse,  ^  to  i  pint ; 
cattle,  I  pint ;  .Vueep,  )i  to  %  pint ;  swine  and  dogs,  i  wine- 
glassful. 

Aloes. — Act  as  a  purgative,  and  in  small  doses  as  a  bitter 
tonic.  The  kind  known  as  Barbadoes  Aloes  is  generally  used 
for  stock.  Dose  as  a  physic  :  Horse,  6  drachms  to  i  ounce. 
Not  used  much,  except  with  the  horse;  best  purgative  for  him. 
As  a  tonic  for  horses,  give  in  do.ses  of  1  drachm.  Operates  in 
from  24  to  36  hours. 

Alum. — Is  an  astringent  that  is  used  mostly  as  washes  for 
wounds.  Is  also  r:sed  dry,  in  the  form  of  powder  to  dust 
wounds,  it  being  very  drying  and  healing.  Is  also  used  in  gar- 
gles for  sore  throat,  uifluenza,  and  aphtha  or  sore  mouth.  For  a 
wash,  use  i  ounce  of  Alum  to  i  pint  of  water.  Dose  internally  . 
Horses,  i  to  2  drachms,  cattle,  3  drachms ;  sheep,  j4  drachm  , 
pigs,  '/^  drachm.     Used  in  diarrhea. 

Alum,  Burnt. — U.sed  on  old  sores  and  proud  flesh  in  the 
forir  of  powder. 

Ammonia  Water.— Is  a  stimulant,  and  is  good  in  indiges- 
tion, colic,  and  bloating.  Dose:  Horse,  l4  ounce;  cattle,  i 
ounce;  sheep,  2  drachms;  dogs  and  swine,  >^  to  i  drachm.  Dilute 
well  with  water.     Externally  it  is  used  for  liuimeuts. 


5;?.'"rf«^);,^K.<'X^:  '*ji^.:mk 


1 


Aqua  Ammonia  Fortier. — Strong  Ammonia  water, 
one-fourtli  the  Ammonia  water.     Used  in  liniments. 


Dose: 


Ammonia,  Carbonate  of. — Is  a  stimulant,  prevents  or 
allays  cramjjs,  is  an  antidote  for  acids,  good  in  colics  and  indiges- 
tion. Dose:  Horse,  i  to  2  drachm.-;;  cattle,  2  to  4  drachms; 
sheep,  'A  to  I  drachm.  Give  in  oil  or  thin  gruel,  as  it  is  very 
irritating. 

Ammonia,  Aromatic  Spirits  of. — A  flavored  preparation  of 
Ammonia  Carbonate,  Alcohol,  and  Aqua  Ammonia.  One  of  the 
best  Ammonia  preparations  for  internal  use;  good  in  colics,  indi- 
gestions, impactions,  etc.  Dose:  Horse,  }4  to  1  ounce:  cattle,  i 
to  2  ounces;  sheep,  2  drachms;  hogs,  i  drachm.  Dilute  with  at 
least  sixteen  times  its  amount  of  water. 

Ammonium  Chloride — Sal  Ammoniac— A  mild  stimulant, 
especially  to  raucous  membranes.  Very  valuable  in  case  oi  coughs. 
Dose:  Horse,  2  to  3  drachms;  cattle,  3  to  4  drachms;  sheep  l4 
to  I  drachm. 

Anise  Seed. — Stimulates  indigestion,  sweetens  the  stomach. 
Is  also  recommended  as  a  tonic  when  recovering  from  weakening 
diseases.     Dose:     Horse,  i  ounce;  cattle,  i  to  2  ounces;  sheep,  2 

to  4  drachms;  dogs  and  swine,  i  to  2  drachnis. 

• 

Areca  Nut. — The  ground  seed  of  a  palm;  a  drug  used  very 
largely  to  destroy  tapeworms;  generally  given  in  combination 
with  Oil  of  Male  Fern.  Dose:  Horse,  ^i  to  i  ounce;  sheep,  l4 
ounce;  lambs,  2  drachms;  dogs,  the  dose  is  2  grains  for  each 
pound  of  dog's  weight. 

Arnica,  Tincture  of. — Causes  sweating  and  lessens  fever. 
Dose:  Horse,  i4  to  i  ounce;  cattle,  i  ounce;  sheep,  2  drachms; 
swine,  'A  drachm.  Externally,  it  is  mildly  stimulating  to  the 
skin,  and  is  used  in  liniments. 

Arsenic. — White  Arsenic  is  a  heavy,  white  powder,  very 
poisonous.  In  medicines  it  is  used  for  chronic  indigestion,  chronic 
lung  disorders,  as  heaves,  and  skin  disorders,  for  all  of  which 
it  is  very  good.  Dose:   Horse,  2  to  5  grains;  cattle,  4  to  7  grains; 


M'^^m.k.^msun^^mr 


ililfrtl  : 


lii 


h\ 


65H 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


for  smaller  animals,  best  to  use  it  in  the  form  of  Fowler's  h  )lu- 
tioii.  Always  commence  with  small  close,  and  increase  if 
desired. 

Arsenic  (Fowler's  Solution).-  Is  given  as  a  touic  iu 
chronic  diseases  and  in  heaves,  and  as  a  tonic  after  weakening 
diseases,  snch  as  distemper:  it  will  often  start  animals  thriving 
when  other  remedies  fail.  /h'M-:  Horse,  ^  to  i  omice;  cattle,  yi 
to  I  onnce;  sheep,  '_•  to  i  drailur.;  swine,  5  to  20  drops;  dogs,  I 
to  5  ilrops.     (live  in  food  after  eating. 

Asafetida,  Gum. — Cood  in  colic,  indigestion,  constipation 
and  worms.  /h<f:  Horse,  2  to  4.  drachms;  cattle,  4  drachms; 
sheep,  I  drachm.  Give  in  a  ball,  or  dissolved  ni  Alcohol,  dilnted 
with  water. 

Asafetida,  Tincture  of.  D,\<t .-  Horse,  2  (mnces;  cattle,  3 
to  4  ounces;  sheep,  H  oinice;  swine  and  ilogs,  i  to  2  drachms. 

Belladonna,  Fluid  Extract  of. — Good  in  fevers,  cramp 
colic,  tetanus  and  caked  bag.  I'nll  iloses  .shoidd  not  be  re- 
peated oftener  than  three  or  four  times  a  day.  Pose:  Horse, 
5^  to  I  drachm;  cattle,  i  drachm;  sheep,  20  drops;  swine,  3  to  8 
drops;  dogs,  ].i  to  3  drops. 

Benzoin,  Compound   Tincture  of  (Friar's  Balsam).— 

Chief  tise  is  for  healing  wounds,  by  painting  over  with  a  feather, 
twice  a  day.     Good   lo  add   t<>  lard  or   Vaseline  in  making  oint- 
ments    I   part  to  4  or  5  parts  of  the  lard  or  Vaseline.     Is  not 
used  nuich  intern.dly. 

Biniodide  of  Mercury. — Is  chiefly  used  for  blistering  bony 
enlargements,  such  as  sjiavins,  ring-bones,  side  bones,  splints,  etc. 
The  proportions  in  which  it  is  used  is  i  to  2  drachms  to  the  ounce 
of  l.ird  or  Vaseline. 

Boric  Acid. — Is  a  non-poisonous  antiseptic.  Used  for  sore 
mouth,  sore  eyes,  roup,  and  also  fur  an  injection  into  the  udder. 
U.sed  in  solution,  i  ounce  to  the  pint  of  water. 

Bromide  of  Potash. — Chief  use  is  to  quiet  the  nerves  in 
diseases  of  the  character  of  lock-jaw,  convtdsions,  chorea,  and 
other  painful  diseases.  Dose:  Horse,  )/>  to  i  ounce;  cattle,  i 
Wimce;  sheep,  i  drachm;  swine  and  do'..;>,   U  draelin*. 


MEDICINES-ACTION  AND  DOSE 


f59 


Buckthorn— Casca-a  Sagrada.— Used  mostly  as  a  physic 
for  doRS  and  cats.  Do^.c  Of  Fluid  Extract  of  Cascara  Saprada, 
horse,  i  to  2  ounces;  dcgs,  V2  to  2  drachms;  cats,  ]i  to  M  drachm. 
Give  ni«ht  a-.id  morning  ur.til  results  are  obtained. 

Butter  of  Antimony.— Use  pure,  on  a  swab,  as  a  caustic  to 
burn  out  proud  flesh,  old  sores  and  fistidte.  Is  very  powerful, 
and  mu-^t  be  applied  to  diseased  tissue  only.  Part  must  be  dry 
when  it  is  applied.     Not  used  internally. 

Calibar  Bean,  Fluid  Extract.— Obtained  from  the  seed  of 
a  plant:  it  stimulates  the  activity  of  the  bowels.  Good  for  colic, 
impaction,  etc.;  },renerally  combined  with  Jaborandi.  Dose-  Horse, 
\i  to  I  drachm;  cattle,  i  to  2  drachms;  sheep,  20  to  30  droi>s. 

Calomel.— Internally  its  chief  use  is  as  a  physic  and  to 
expel  worms.  Ivxternally,  it  is  dusted  on  old  sores  to  dry  them 
up  and  heal  them.  Dose:  Horse,  \2  to  i  drachm;  cattle,  i  to 
2  uracnm^.:  sheep  and  swnie,  5  to  20  grains. 

Camphor,  Gum.— Good  in  colic,  diarrhea,  coughs,  and  to 
lessen  pain.  Checks  secretion  of  milk.  Dose:  Horse,  i  to  2 
drachms;  cattle,  2  to  4  drachms;  sheep,  Yi  drachm. 

Camphor,  Spirits  of.— Camphor,  i  part;  alcohol,  10  parts 
Dosr:  Horse,   Vi  to   i  ounce;  cattle,    i    to    2    ounces;    sheep,    2 
drachms;  sv.ine  and  do^s,  10  droi«  to  %    drachm.     Give   with 
water.     Externally,  good  to  relieve  pain  and  sprains. 
Cantharides.— See  vSpanish  Flies. 

Carbolic  Acid.— As  sold  by  druggists  is  a  colorless,  oily 
liquid;  turns  pink  on  exposure  to  light.  Used  mainly  as  an 
antiseptic  and  disinfectant.  It  is  a  valuable  medium  in  the  treat- 
ing of  wounds.  Used  as  a  3  per  cent,  solution— i  ounce  Carbolic 
Acid  to  I  quart  of  water.  Poisonous.  Wlien  used  internally, 
Dose:  Horse,  10  to  30  drops;  hogs,  3  to  10  drops;  well  diluted. 

Castor  Oil.— A  most  excellent  purgative,  and  can  be  used 
where  harsher  ones  cannot.  Dose:  Horse,  i  to  2  pints;  calves, 
2  to  4  ounces;  sheep,  4  ounces;  swine,  2  ounces.  In  small  doses, 
combined  with  laudanum,  it  is  a  most  excellent  remedy  for 
scours. 


I     1 
I 


66o 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


m 

a 

1 
1 

i1^  , 

! 

1 

i 

li': 

Caustic  Potash.— Its  principal  use  is  to  burn  out  warts 
.111(1  i^rowtlis  and  cauterize  poisonous  wounds,  as  the  bite  of  a 
mad  di>^;  also  for  dehorning  calves.  Sticks  must  be  kept  in  well- 
corked  bottles,  as  air  dissolves  them.  When  used  must  be  held 
in  pajKr  to  prevent  burning  the  fingers.  Wet  the  sticks  before 
applying. 

Charcoal. — Fineh-  powdered,  is  used  in  condition  powders, 
and  also  for  dusting  on  wounds.     Hogs  like  charcoal  to  eat. 

Chloral  Hydrate.  —  .\  drug  used  to  allay  pain  and  to  lessen 
irrigated  condition  of  the  iiervcnis  system.  Good  to  allay  throes 
in  making  corrections  in  difhcnlt  parturitions;  good  to  give  for 
after-pains,  for  hysteria,  etc.     Dosr:  Horse,  ^  to  i  ounce;  cattle, 

1  to  2  ounces;  sheep,  i  to  2  drachms;  hogs,  ^  to  i  drachm. 

Chloroform.  — Is  given  by  inhalation  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
ducing aiKestliesia  (insensibility).  Must  be  given  carefully, 
esjK-cially  to  dogs,  who  are  very  susceptible,  or  it  will  cause 
death.  For  colic  in  hor.ses,  i  drachm  given  with  laudanum  is 
excellent. 

Chlorate  of  Potash. — Is  used  internally  foi  sore  throat; 
when  animal  cannot  swallow,  a  solution  is  .sprayed  into  throat 
with  a  syringe,  or  put  on  the  tongue,  as  a  paste,  with  flour  and 
niolas-ses.  Dose:  Horse,  i  to  2  drachms ;  cattle,  2  to  4  drachms; 
sheep,  }2  drachm;  swine  and  dogs,  l4  drachm. 

Copperas — Sulphate  of  Iron. — One  of  the  best  mineral 
tonics,  also  a  good  astringent,  in  solution  of  i  ounce  to  a  pint  of 
water,  for  wounds  Excellent  internally  for  diarrhea.  A  leading 
ingredient  in  condition  powders.     Dose:  Horse,  i  drachm;  cattle, 

2  drachms;  sheep,  20  grains;  swine,  10  grains. 

Corrosive    Sublimate — E'chloride   of    Mercury.— Used 

externally  as  an  antiseptic  and  aisinfectant.  Is  one  of  the  most 
powerful  in  both  lines.  The  proportions  generally  used  is  i 
part  to  1,000  parts  of  water.  Tablets  can  be  bought  that  will 
enable  one  to  mix  properly  to  get  right  solution,  or  if  these  can- 
not be  gf '  I  drachm  of  Corrosive  Sublimate  to  i  gallon  of  water 
espials  I  to  1,000.     Cheapest  and  liest  for  disinfecting  stables, 


-g-g«r-CT>y.-— Ma».t---^ir  -r 


MKDICINKS     ACTION  AND  DOSS 


661 


etc.  The  drug  is  very  poisoaous,  and  is  not  used  internally, 
except  for  diarrhea.  DoiC  of  the  i  to  1,000  solution:  Horse,  >i 
to  I  ounce;  calves,  i  to  3  teaspoonfuls. 

Creolin.— Used  in  the  form  of  lotion  for  wounds,  scratches, 
grease,  ami  diseases  of  like  character,  as  an  antiseptic  and  as  a 
disinfectant.  It  is  also  valuable  to  destroy  parasites  of  all  kinds. 
The  i)roi)orti(jns  to  use  are  from  i  to  3  parts  Creolin  to  100  parts 
of  water.     Should  be  bought  pure  and  only  mixed  as  needed. 

Croton  Oil.— A  drastic  and  powerful  purgative  that  is  only 
used  when  milder  means  fail,  as  in  impaction  of  tlj^  rumen,  and 
diseases  of  that  character.  Post-:  Horse,  151030  drops;  cattle, 
i,^  to  I  dracluii,  slieep,  5  to  10  drojjs;  swine  and  dogs,  2  to  3 
'Irops.  For  horses  and  cattle,  give  in  a  pint  of  Linseed  Oil;  for 
sheep,  give  ni  \-  iiint  of  oil  ,  and  for  swine  and  dogs,  give  in  2 
tablespoonfuls  of  Castor  Oil. 

Crude  Petroleum.  —  Used  in  making  hoof  oils,  and  as  a 
remedy  for  ring-worm  on  all  domestic  animals.  Is  a  cheap  and 
effective  remedy. 

Digitalis,  Fluid  Extract  of.— A  powerful  heart  and  lung 
tonic.  Used  in  weakening  diseases,  such  as  influenza,  distemper, 
and  luyg  troubles,  whenever  the  heart  is  weak.  It  is  sometimes 
given  for  heaves.  Dose:  Horse,  20  drops  to  yl  drachm;  cattle, 
li  to  I  drachm;  sheep,  5  to  15  drops;  swine  i  to  3  drops;  dogs, 
}^  to  2  drops. 

Epsom  Salts.— Used  mainly  as  a  purgative  for  cattle  and 
sheep.  Dose:  Cattle,  i  to  ij^  pounds;  sheep,  2  to  4  ounces; 
horse,  >4  to  Vx  pound;  hogsri  to  2  ounces.  Dissolve  in  warm 
water.  Acts  in  24  hours. 

Ether,  Sulphuric. — Given  by  inhalation  to  produce  anse- 
thesia  (insensibility).  Internally  as  a  stimulant  in  colic,  indi- 
gestion, etc.  Dose:  Internally,  horse,  ^  to  i  ounce;  cattle,  i  to 
I  Yi  ounces;  sheep,  2  to  4  drachms;  hogs,  1  to  2  drachms. 

Ergot.— Checks  bleeding  and  is  used  in  parturition  and 
internal  bleeding,  Dose:  Horse,  Vz  to  i  ounce;  cattle,  i  to  2 
ounces;  sheep,  I  to  2  drachms. 


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THlv  I'K ACTICAI^  .-.TOCK  IXJCTOR 


B 


T^owlcr's  Solutioa.    See  Arsenic. 

Gamboge. -I  ^  a  jKjwcrful  physic,   mostly  used  for  cattlb 

wliLic  milder  rL!in.cliL>,  .-iich  a>  Sails  atul  Castor  Oil,  fail.  It  is 
<4ciicraUy  cuiiibiucJ  wilii  other  iin.'Jii.iiics,  as  lic-rc  ;^ivcn; 

ICl'^  nil  SaiU I  pound. 

Coiiiuw'U  S.iit 2  tah!fs]M><)tifuls 

Caiii'Kijjc 2  i.n  4  (Iraclims. 

I!;<-arlj<)n>itc(if  S'l.la.inl  r.iti;.,ir,  <,k1i  I  Uiblespoonfiil. 

.1// r  in  a  'iiMrt  of  lukiv.'.'inn  \v  lUr. 

\'cr\-  i.iT(.ctivL'  ill  had  cases  )f  coiiNtipation  and  iiiipaclioiis  of 
tile  stomach.  • 

Gentian,  Fluid  Extract.— Used  after  debilitating  disea.ses. 
/?(>si\     Same  as  uf  the  powder. 

Gentian  Root,  Powdered.— .\  hitter  tonic  t!iat  is  nuK-'.i 
iihid  ill  Condition  Powders,  gi\eii  to  animals  that  are  weak  and 
rundown,  /hsc:  Ihjrse,  2  drachms;  cattle,  4  dracluns;  sheep, 
I  drachm;  swine  and  dogs,  }i  drachm. 

Ginger.  A  stimulant;  neutralizes  gases,  and  sweetens 
stomach;  is  used  in  physic  drenches  to  prevent  griping;  and  is 
good  in  colic,  iiuligestion,  and  many  other  affections.  /)osr: 
Horse,  ).•  to  i  ounce;  cattle,  i  to  2  ounces;  sheep,  2  drachms; 
pigs,  I  drachm. 

Glauber's  Salts  (Sulphate  of  Soda). — An  excellent  pur- 
gative for  anil  ,als  that  chew  the  t lid— ruminants.    Dose:    Cattle, 

1  to  1J2  jTouua.';  sheep,  2  to  4  ounces,  pissolve  in  water  and 
give  as  a  drench.  Action  same  as  Epsom  Salts,  only  not  quite  as 
certain. 

Glycerine.— Two  to  4  ounces  in  watm  water  makes  an  excel- 
;eiu  injectiou.  H.Ktenially  applied,  it  softens  and  soothes  irritated 
parts. 

Hyposulphite  of  Soda.— One  of  the  most  valuable  drugs  to 
check  bloating,  esjxjcially  if  the  gas  forms  in  the  stomach;  also 
given  in  various  blood  disorders;  a  solution  of  it  is  good  to  apply 
*<o  mucous  surfaces  which  are  inflamed.  Dose  lor  bloating:  Horse, 

2  to  4  ounces;  cattle,  4  to  6  ounces;  sii^cp,  >i  lu  i  ounce.  When 


Itt 


Ml.DICINi;:      ACTION  AM)  l>(f^li 


60T, 


\\--cd  for  1)I(J<)<1  disorders,  oiiL-ltiirth  lo  onc-ludf  the  foreRoin.; 
dose  -^  used,  reiK.ali.d  thrLC  times  ;i  day  For  a  wash,  use  2  to  4 
omiees  to  a  pint  of  water. 

Iodine,  Tincture  of.  It  is  not  often  used  iuterually,  hut 
for  i..-tenial  application  is  iiuicli  used  for  a  sweat  l)lister  for 
enlarged  glands,  wind  pi-.ffs,  iie.,  l>y  painting  j>arts  once  a  day 
until  it  Misters;  then  yn-:  e  parts  , aid  let  heal  then  wash  with 
soapy  w:Uer  .lud  rep<  *  l)h-;terin>j;  until  cured.  Inject  into  old 
sores  and  fistuhe,  once  iii  two  or  three  da>s.  I'sed  also  in  destr  jy- 
in^T  rinK-w'ortns. 

Iodide  of  Potash. —  Its  chief  action,  when  given  internally, 
is  as  an  al»'rbent — as  in  dropsy  of  the  lielly  or  chest,  to  ahsorb 
the  fluids.  It  's  also  used  where  there  is  .1  thickening;  about  the 
throat,  legs,  or  milk  glamls.  Il>s,-:  Ilorsf.  'j  Lo  i  drachm, 
twice  a  day;  cattle,  i  to  2  ilrachms.  If  given  too  loi\;  iodism 
ensues;  uiimal  g<'  s  off  feed,  e.\  is  and  nose  discharge,  hair  rough, 
skin  har^h  and  wrinkled,  dandruff  in  hair;  if  we  geV  these  symp- 
toms, stop  giving  for  a  time. 

Jaborandi,  Fluid  Extract.-  Obtained  fr.  a  a  p'ant;  it 
stimulates  the  secretions  of  glands;  good  f(jr  colic  .aid  imp;  lions, 
etc.  A'.sv.-  Horse,  2  to  4  drachms;  cattle,  Ji  to  i  ounce;  sheep, 
}4  to  I  drachm. 

Kerosene.  —  Internally,  good  for  stomach  wor.  s.  Give 
,.aml)S  I  to  2  drachms  in  4  ounces  of  oil  or  milk.  Ivxternally,  it 
is  a  mild  irritant.     Rub  it  in  w-;ll. 

Lard. — When  used  fresh  on  irritated  skin  it  s-  ftcns  and 
soothes.  Internally,  given  as  a  purgative  to  smah  animals. 
Melt  and  give  from  i  to  8  ounces,  acctirding  to  size. 

Laudanum — ,Tincture  of  Oi  ium. — Kxtemally  used  to 
/elieve  pain.  It  is  used  internally  in  almost  every  disease  that  is 
attended  with  pain,  as  colic,  diarrhea,  etc.  Dose:  Horse,  i 
ounce;  cattle,  i  to  2  ounces;  sheep,  2  drachms;  swine  and  dogs, 
5  to  20  ilrops. 

Lime  Water.— Is  made  by  ^.acking  fresh  V  le  and  using 
as  much  as  the  water  will  take  up  in  solution.     Allow  to  settle 


1.1 


f.f.., 


Tlllv   I'kACTIi  AI,  STOCK    DOCToK 


r^  1 


ami  [Hiur  olT  the  clear  liquid.     This  is  useful  iu  diarrhea  iii  youug 
aiiiiii.ils.      Dirsr:  Calves,  i  to  6  ounces. 

Lime.— l*'iiKl\-  i)ulvcri/.eil,  air-slaked  lime  is  pood  to  <lry  tip 
soresliy  Ix-iiig dusted  (jU  them.  Unslaked  lime  is  valual)le  for  disin- 
fecting slaliles  and  huildinj^s  that  animals  are  kept  in,  l»y  dusting 
it  in  dry  form  around  on  the  lloor.  It  is  esi)ecially  j;ood  in  the 
lX)ultr\'  houses  to  keep  away  lice  and  other  vermin;  also  ^ood  to 
use  in  form  of  whitewash. 

Linseed  Oil,  Raw.  —Acts  as  a  very  mild  physic,  or  what 
i.scalle<l  a  laxative.  It  is  at  oui'e  pur>^ati\e  and  S(M)lliinj;.  Doac: 
Horse,  I  to  2  pints;  cattle,  2  to  ,^  pints;  sheep,  ,'4  pini;  calves,  4 
to  S  ounces;  lamhs,  2  oinices;  do,i;s,  '<  to  2  oiuices.  I-'xternally 
a]>plii.d,  I  ])art  CarlK)lic  Acid  and  25  parts  IJusod  ()il  is  ;;o<xl 
for  scratches. 

Mercury. — See  Calomel  and  Corrosive  Suhlimate. 

Monsel's  Solution  of  Iron. -Used  for  stopping  flow  of 
blood.      Is  very  astringent.      Is  used  in  leaking  of  the  navel. 

Morphine,  Sulphate  of.— A  drug  made  frotn  opium,  having 
its  actions,  only  nuich  more  powerful;  not  so  constipating  as 
opium,  and  so  belter  to  use  to  allay  pain  in  colics;  a  convenient 
form  to  use  hyiKjdermically.  Dose,  by  the  mouth:  Horse,  3  to 
10  grains;  cattle,  6  to  10  grains;  sheep,  J3  to  2  grains. 

Mustard. — Used  chiefly  for  plasters  on  various  parts  of  the 
body  of  animals,  as  in  severe  cases  of  colic,  or  inflannnation  of 
the  bowels;  in  diseases  of  the  chest  and  throat,  and  over  the  loins 
in  kidney  afTections.  When  mixed  with  warm  water  to  a  paste 
and  applied  to  the  skin,  it  blisters.  For  a  plaster  of  ordinary 
strength  for  a  thin-skinned  horse,  take  \i  pound  of  mustard,  2 
tablespoonf uls  of  flour,  and  tepid  water  or  vinegar  to  make  a  paste. 
In  severe  cases  use  onl)-  mustard  and  vinegar,  or  water.  Apply 
by  rubbing  into  the  hair  over  part  on  which  a  blister  is  desired. 
A  heaping  teaspoonful  in  4  to  6  ounces  of  warm  water  Ls  an 
excellent  emetic  for  swine  and  dogs. 

Niter. — See  Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter. 


MKDICINi:S— ACTION  AND  DOSE 


665 


Nltro-Hydrochloric  Acid.— A  mixture  of  Nitric  and  Hy.lro- 
chloric  Aculs;  il  stimulates  the  sccrtliuus  of  the  glands  of  the 
inlestuial tract;  very  vahuihle  in  certain  kinds  of  uuliKcstion  witl. 
torpiility  of  the  liver.  Do$e  of  the  medicinal  acid:  Horse,  i  to  2 
drachms;  cattle.  2  to  4  drachms;  sheep,  20  to  40  drops;  hogs,  10 
to  20  drops;  dogs.  3  to  10  drops. 

Nux  Vomica -(Powdered  Seed.)— Is  used  in  paralysis, 
and  in  weak,  del  .dilated  conditions.  A  K'rcat  nerve  t<mic.  Useful 
in  condition  ix>\v(lers.  The  active  principle  is  strychnine,  an.l 
when  twitchini?  of  the  nmscles  occurs  the  medicine  should  he 
stopped.  Poisonous.  Dose:  Horse,  ■<  to  i  drachm;  cattle.  2 
drachms;  sheep,  20  grains;  swine,  10  grains. 

Nux  Vomica,  Fluid  Extract  of.— Used  after  debilitating 
disea.ses  with  Gentian;  also  used  in  impactions,  mnstipations, 
etc.     Awe-  Same  as  the  imwdi  r. 

Nitrate  of  Silver— (Lunar  Caustic.)— A  pencil  form  of 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  used  for  cauterizing  warts,  growths,  venom- 
ous bites,  proud  flesh,  etc.  Sticks  must  Ix;  kept  in  tightly-corketl 
lK)ttles  to  prevent  dissolving.  To  use,  simply  wet  and  apply. 
A  solution  of  2  to  5  grains  to  the  ounce  of  water  is  usetl  for 
inflammation  of  the  eye. 

Nitrate  of  Potash— Saltpeter.  -Chief  action  is  on  the 
blood  and  kidneys,  cau.sing  the  latter  to  secrete  a  large  amount 
of   urine.     It    reducx-s    fevers   and    dropsical    swellings.     Dose 
Horse,   I  to  4  drachms:  cattle,   y,   to  i  ounce;    sheep,  |<    to    i 
drachm. 

Oak-Bark  Decoction,  or  Tea.— Good  for  diarrhea.  Ex- 
ternally it  dries  up  sores  and  toughens  the  skin.  Dose:  Colts  aud 
calves,  I  to  2  ounces;  lambs,  V-,  ounce.  Give  in  milk.  Dose 
canbe'.loubled,  if  necessary.  To  make:  Boil  i  ounce  of  oak 
hark  iu  i  pint  of  water. 

Oil  of  Tar.  -  Usexl  chiefly  in  cases  of  chronic  cough,  and  for 
such  is  an  effectual  remedy.  Dose:  For  horse,  i  teaspoonfnl 
three  ilmes  a  ilay  ni  teed,  or  on  iiie  loiigue  with  a  :^poun. 


i     I 


I 


'i3tff 


666 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


OU  Male  Shield  Fern.— A  most  effectual  remedy  for  worms, 
especially  tapeworms.  Dosr:  Hnrsc,  3  to  4  drachms  in  a  pint 
of  raw  Linseed  Oil;  cattle,  same  as  horse;  sheep  and  sw.ne,  i  to 
2  drachms  in  V:  pint  Oil;  dogs,  Ji  to  i  drachm  in  a  half  teaciipful 
of  new  milk. 

Olive  Oil.— Laxative.  n«c-  Hnrsc,  i  to  2  pints;  cattle,  2 
to  3  pints;  sheep,  3  to  6onnces.  Internally  it  is  used  for  healing 
anil  soothing  irritated  vvonnds;  for  this,  may  be  used  in  the  pure 
stale  or  with  Carbolic  Acid— i  drachm  of  Acid  to  4  ounces  of  Oil. 

Opium.— The  dried  juice  of  the  poppy;  apix>ars  in  the  form 
of  a  gum,  and  a  jiowdcr.  It  is  used  to  allay  pain;  it  stoics  the 
activity  of  the  bowels,  and  so  is  not  good  to  use  in  colic,  but  is 
very  valuable  in  diarrhea.  Laudanum,  which  is  an  alcoholic 
soluti(m  of  Opium,  is  a  convenient  form  in  wh.ich  louse  the  drug. 
Dose  of  Opium.-  Horse,  !<  to  i  drachm;  calUe,  i  to  2  drachms; 
sheep  5  to  20  grains;  hogs,  3  to  10  grains. 

Pepper,  Black.- -T'sed  in  a  groimd  form  to  warm  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  ami  in  this  way  relieve  jviin  in  colio,  indi- 
gestion, etc.  Dofe:  Horse,  i  tablespoon ful;  cattle,  i  tablesixx)n- 
?ul;  sheep  :ind  swnie,  i  teaspoonful;  dogs,  '/•  teaspoouful.  If 
combined  with  Whiskey  in  a  drench,  it  is  excellent. 

Peppermint,  Essence.— Ooo.'  in  indigestion  and  colic. 
Hive  in  sweetened  water.  Posr:  Horse,  40  drops  to  i  drachm, 
cattle,  I  to  2  drachms;   slieep,  10  drops:  dogs,  2  to  5  droj^;. 

Pumpkin  Seeds.  \  crmifuge,  and  tapeworm  remedy.  Dose: 
Horse,  I  pint. 

Quinine,  Sulphate  of.  -Reduces  fever,  stimulates,  and  in 
small  df.ses  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Do^r:  Horse.  •<  to  i  drachm; 
cattle,  2  to  4  drachms;  sheep,  y<-  drachm,  pigs,  10  grains;  dogs, 
I  to  5  giains. 

Salol.  -A  drug  made  from  Salicylic  Acid  and  CarViolic  Acid; 
very  largdv  used  for  rheumatism.  A'w  .■  Horse,  1  to  3  drachms; 
cattle,  3  to  5  .Ir.iclnns;  shee]).  ]',  to  i  drachm;  hogs.  20  to  40 
grains:  dogs,  2  to  15  grams. 

Salt?.      Sii-  I'.p-oiii  :i!id  Cdaul..  r'-   Salts. 


'i   '     ': 


MKDICINRS-ACTiON  AND  DOSE 


66- 


Salt         .Timon.— Useful  as  ffxxl  ni  small  amounts.  All  ani- 
,r.als  ^lioulu  he  fiiven  a  little  salt  in  food.     A  solution  of  i  ounce 
salt  in  a  ri"t  of  water  is  good  as  a  wash  for  sores  and  woundr.. 
Saltpeter.  -  Sec  Nitrate  of  Potash. 

Soda,  Bicarbonate  of  ( Baking  Soda).-TTseful  in  indiges- 
tion Give  iK-fore  fee<Un«.  D.'sr:  Horse,  2  drachms  to  i 
ouncx>-  cattle,  '<  to  I'A  """'-^es;  sheep,  i  drachm  to  ;.•  ounce; 
swine,  2  drachms..  Wet  vsith  water  is  good  to  apply  to  stuips  of 
bees  and  other  insects. 

Spanish  Fly  (Cantharides).— Not  siven  internally.  Is 
used  in  making  blisters  for  reducing  enlargements,  such  as  curbs, 
tumors,  and  thickenings,  after  wounds  have  healed.  Is  used  ni 
proi^ortion  of  i  to  ^  <lrachtns  Cantharides  to  an  ounce  of  iard  or 
Vaseline,  as  the  case  may  require.  For  cattle,  the  blisters  may 
be  made  a  little  stronger  than  for  the  horse. 

Strychnine.-A  powerful  drug,  made  from  Nux  Vomica; 
vcrv  poi.s<Mious;  has  the  same  action  as  Xux  Vomica:  is  a  pnver- 
fulnerve  tonic.  Dos'-.  Horse,  i  to  2  grains;  cattle.  2  to  3 
grains:  sheep,  !/  to  'A  grain;  dogs.  1-60  to  1-30  grain.  If  the 
drug  IS  useil  hypodermically,  the  dose  is  one-half  the  alwve. 

Sugar  of  Lead  (Acetate  of  Lead).-Is  used  oxtcmally 
to  heal  sores  and  wounds.  As  a  plain  lolion.  dissolve  i  ounce  in 
I . ;  pints  uf  water,  I'sed  m  White  I.otiou  (see  PrescripTION.s). 
Sulphate  of  Copper-Blue  Vitriol  -Blue  Stone.— Is  an 
antiseptic  astringent  and  a  mild  caustic.  Internally,  it  is  used 
for  clucking  discharges,  as  nasal  gleet  or  chronic  catarrh,  and 
k-ucorrhea.  I-xtenially.  it  is  used  to  burn  out  proud  flesh,  by 
dusting  it  on,  every  two  or  three  davs,  according  to  how  much 
it  burns.  Is  also  used  in  solution  of  i  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water, 
or  stronger,  if  nece»ary.  /V.^r  inlernallv.  Hor-^e,  ,'<  to  i  drachm, 
cattle,  I  drachm;  sheep,  10  to  .^o  gr.iins 

Sulphate  of  Zinc -White  Vitriol.-.A^lringent  and  toni.-, 
'h.r-  llorM-,  '<  drncbin,  cattle  i  to  2  drachms;  sheep,  i,S  to  30 
grains-  l.^'teinallv  it  is  use«l  in  healing  lotiyns,  a.s  While 
I.otiun  and  ev  washes.  i'Kternally  it  is  .also  giwl  to  destroy 
proud  flesh  bv  (lulling  it  on  tbe  part  once  in  two  or  three  days. 


668 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i 


Sulphur. — When  given  internally,  it  acts  on  the  blood,  and 
also  on  the  skin,  helping  to  destroy  parasites  and  germs.  Dose: 
Horses  and  cattle,  %  onnce;  sheep,  i  drachm,  swine,  20  grains. 
An  omtment  made  ot: 

Sulphur 1  ounce. 

Lard , bounces. 

Is  good  for  lice.  Snlphnr  is  a  fine  disinfectant,  by  being 
burned  m  empty,  closed  rooms  ni  an  iron  vessel.  A  larger  dish 
containing  water  should  hold  the  one  with  Sulphur  to  prevent 
file. 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Niter— Spirits  of  Nitrous  Ether. — In 
small  doses  it  acts  on  kuhieys  and  skin  and  reduces  fever.  In 
large  d(j.ses  it  acts  on  the  sl(iiiiach  and  bowels,  relieving  pain  and 
neutralizing  gases.  Good  in  difTcnnt  forms  of  indige.Uion  and 
cc;iic.  Dose:  Horse,  i  to  2  ounces;  cattle  2  to  3  ounces;  slieep, 
3  to  6  drachms;  swine  and  dogs,  i  to  2  drachms. 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron— Muriate  of  Iron.--ls  used 
as  a  tonic,  to  slop  bleeding,  and  as  an  ajiplication  or  wash  in  sore 
mntiili,  sole  throat,  aiul  .skin  diseases.  Dose  Horse.  V^  to  i 
ounce;  cattle,  i  ounce;  sheep,  J'  to  i  dnu  Imr  swine  10  to  30 
(lr<>i>s,  dogs,  2  to  10  drops.  As  an  ajiplication,  use  ^/z  ounce  ot 
llie  tincture  to  S  ounces  of  watei 

Liquid  Chloride  of  Iron.  Strong. -A?>r-  ("hie-fourth  as 
much  as  Tincture. 

Turpentine  "Spirits  of  Turpentine  Oil  ol  Turpen- 
tine.-dood  ft)r  colic,  bloating,  and  iiite>liiial  »vorms.  Also 
stiimilales  thu  kidneys.  (ii\c  in  nil,  -^ruel,  or  milk  Dose: 
Horse,  Ij  to  I  ounce;  rattle,  i  to  _'  (Jiiiues;  slu'Cp,  i  to  3 
drathiiis-  swiiK',  i  flracluii  ilo.<;:-,  ,s  to  30  drops.  Kxtirnally,  it 
is  an  irritant,  and  i--  used  in  ~timii]atin<  or  blistering  liniments. 
It  is  also  added  to  I.iiiseed  nil  in  t'  jirojxijtinn  of  2  ounces  of 
Tiir]K'ntine  10  6  oiincis  (,f  oil  a^  .1  ■  Imuilatitii;  injection. 

Vaseline."-Sf>ftelis  ami  soollu'^  ])arts  applieil  to  Is  also 
much  used  as  a  base  for  ointments  a!id  hli>ters. 

Vinegar. — Is  used  extimally  as  a  cooling,  stimulating 
/otion.  Can  be  used  liol.  Intel iially,  m  small  doses,  and  diluted 
with  water,  it  ni^y  t  e  given  for  crx^ling  fevers 


XAil. 


MKniCINKS-ACTION  AND  DOSE  669 

Whiskey.-  See  Alcohol. 

Wood  Alcohol-Methylated  Spirit.-Is  not  used  as  an 
interual  remedy.     Externally,  it  is  used  in  liniments. 

THE  STOCKMAN'S  MEDICINE  CASE.-The  import- 
ance of  the  stockman  keeping  on  hand  a  few  medicmes  and 
ZTJJ^'^  will  depend  ,>ix,n  his  distance  from  a  v.ternmnan 
nnd  a  d  u^Kist.  aL  things  should  always  be  kep.  however 
as  when  they  are  wanted,  they  are  wanted  at  once.  atKl  if  not  at 
haiTd  th  iruse  is  often  neglected.  All  medicines  and  prepara- 
Uons' should  be  plainly  labeled;  should  be  kept  ^^^^J^'^^ 
place;  all  liquid  in  well-corked  tettles.  powders  m  covered  cans. 

Two  or  more  colic  mixtures. 

One  pound  of  the  digestive  tonic. 

One-fourth  pound  of  Salti)eter. 

One-half  pound  of  Sulphate  of  Iron  (Copperas). 

Three  to  five  pounds  of  Iqwom  Salts. 

Two  quarts  of  raw  Linseed  Oil. 

Four  ounces  pure  Carlx)lic  Acid. 

One  quart  of  a  3  per  cent,  solution  of  Carbohc  Acd.  ready 

for  use. 
Two  ounces  of  Lysol. 

One-half  p^und  or  Acetate  oi  Lead  (Sugar  of  Lead). 
One-half  ix)und  of  Sidphale  of  Zinc. 
One  pint  of  White  Lotion,  ready  for  use. 
One-half  pint  of  Alcohol.  ifi»a  White 

One-half  pint  of  some  good  strong  hnnnent  (Modified  White 

Liniment). 

One-halt  pint  of  mild,  soothing  liniment. 

One-hali  ounce  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Aconite. 

One  ounce  of  Fluid"  Extract  of  Belladonna. 

One  ounce  of  Fluid  Extract  of  Nux  Vomica. 

Four  ounces  of  Laudanum. 

One  ounce  of  Monsc-l's  solution  for  stoppmg  oleeding. 

Th-  *-=-oIng  list  will  meet  nearly  all  emergencies,  and  other 
thing^  ;an  b^sent  for  if  :.oeded.  In  the  list,  where  a  preparation 
is  mentioned,  sec  unaer  prescru'TIONS. 


I 


fS' 


li^i 


570 


Tin-;  1  kAcricAj.  stvick  doctor 


PkUSCRIPTlONS 


Soothing:  Lotion.— 

I'luid  Kxlract  ot  lklia<louna I  ounce. 

Liud-iniim ,  ounce. 

Tincture  of  Aconite i  ounce, 

i:o:ip  I/niinent 5  ounces. 

iV.'j-.  This  liniment  will  rilieve  p.iin  and  soreness  where  there  is  r:r.c.*i 
innanniiation.  hi  aUo  goo  1  for  siraius,  in  connection  wiUi  fomentiilio;i^,. 
Will  nut  blister.  A  fnvrt  of  the  soap  liaimeiit  in  the  above  lotiou  can  be 
repl.ictd  by  Witch  Hazel. 

White  Lo;:ion.— 

Suv-arof  I.ckI i  ounce. 

vSulp.hatc  of  Zinc g  drachms. 

^^■•''i'-'' I  pint. 

.Sh.ikeu.]!  lHf..ieii-iiiL;.     Thi>  is  extensively  used  for  wounds,  sores 
>ci,itclRS,  !,ii!ni:iLr  sores,  au-l  iistiil.L.     U  lan  le  lined  three  limes  a  day. 

Modified  White  Lotion.  - 

M:^.,rcf  lA.id ,  „;,!ice. 

Miiphaleof  /.rr: 6  dnichnis. 

Ciiti.olic  Acid 

W:it<  r,  t.>  niriVc 


;>z  ouuce. 

!  Iiint. 

Nes,    same  .-is   White   J.'Ainii,  but  .is  it    contain;    Oarliclic 
Acid,  Is  antiseptic,  and  hence  more  eifcclual  iu  many  p:aceu. 


Shake.       r 


White  Liniment.— 

Aqua  Ammonia -  onnce,^. 

Turpentine ounces. 


Linseed  Oil. 


Afi.r,  .-ind  ap;.ly  by  ru'ibin.?.  B..ttle  must  be  kept  •■veil  rorkci!,  I:  a 
stronger  liniment  is  wished,  add  more  .•\inmonia  nn<i  Turiientine;  if  a  weaker 
i-.  desired,  add  U  ss  TuqHiitine  and  Aimnonia.  This  will  blister  if  used  freely 
and  well  rubbed  in,  esf,eii  dly,  if  part  fs  covered  to  j.rcvent  evafxiration. 

Modified  White  Liniment.— 

Aqua  Anmionia  (stronu) 7  ounces 

Turpentine 2  ounces. 

Soap  l.ininunt 4  ounces. 

Shake  Anion  .same  as  Wbiti  Liniment;  wdl  not  dirty  parts  sn 
badly.  Good  for  all  .son,--  of  strains,  or  ulierever  liniment  is  desired.  Cnu 
make  it  weaker  or  St  roi.^,er  l.>  eliaiuniig  tlie  amoimc  of  Aumiouia  an(?  Tur- 
pentine.     An  excellent  liniment. 


liSft 


II 


n 


II 


m 


k 


m 


St 


rUliSCRIl'TlONS 


671 


AcJd  I.tniment. — 

I'irst   put  into  a  (jUiirt  iK.ttle,  ?  ovinces  of  Turpentine:  tlien  .\<\'\  »■' 
thi'.  very  sh.wly,  H  ounci;  of  bulphuric  Aci.l,  allowing  it  to  run  down  on 
inside  of  bottle,  which  is  turn.:fl  partly  oil  side.    Take  live  minutes  to  add  it 
Then  pour  into  bottle  2  ounces  Wo<jd  Alcohol,  adding  slowly;  add  to  this 
Cider  Vinegar  enough  to  make  i  (luart;  shake  well,  and  it  is  ready  for  use. 

This  is  !i  l>listering  liniment,  and  is  effective  in  removing  pufly  enlorge- 
ments.  as  bog  sp.uin,  wind-g.dls,  tlioroughpins  and  other  puffy  swellings 
around  Uv^  legs.  It  is  also  good  in  «iweeiiy,  ctirbs,  etc.,  where  horse  is  needed 
for  work.  For  rbe"niatisni,  rub  affected  joints  every  third  day.  This  had 
better  be  put  up  by  a  (Iruggist.  as  Sulphuric  Acid  i.s  raUiar  dangeious  for  the 
inexperienced  to  compound. 

Cantharides,  or  Fly  Bligter.— 

Powdered  Cantharides 2  dr*diins. 

Lard,  or  Vaseline '  ounce. 

il/j^.  and  apply  as  directed  in  "BUstering"  in  HuuSB  Department 
Diige  258. 

Red  Mercurial  Blister.— 

Biniudide  of  Mercury I  drachm. 

Lard,  or  Vaseline I  ounce. 

ft/ix.  and  use  hs  dincted  lu  ■bli:,lerm>;  "  in  UoRSK  Depaktmknt, 
page.  258. 

Combination  Blister. 

Powdered  Cantharides 2  drachms 

Biuiodideof   Mercury '  drachm. 

Lard,  or  V.iseHue 2  ounces 

Mix,  and  use  as  above.     C.ikkI  for  sjuvins,  rimf4jopes,  etc. 

Drying  and  Healing  Powder.— 

Oxide  of  Zinc 2  ouaces. 

Calomel aounces. 

Boracic  Acid 2  ounces. 

Air-slaked  Lime aounces. 

m.r.     Dust  on  woun.l      Good  ftw  Kail'*  an<l  sores  where  a  dry  drpssin? 
IS  desire.l.     By  adding  Lard  or  Vaseline,  it  can  W  made  into  aa  ointment. 

Carbolated  Oil.  - 

Olive,  orSwc'.l  Oil 4  ounces 

Carbolic  Acid >  drachm. 

Shake  well  together.     An  exi client  remedy  for  healing  wounds. 


67a THK  FRACTICAI.  STC"CK  DOCTOR 

Carbolic  Lotion  (3  per  cent.).— 

Carbolic  Acid  ...  , ^  ounce. 

WatM I  pint 

Mix.     An  excellent  antiseptic  wash  for  all  kinds  of  wounds. 

Creo'.in  Lotion.— 

Creoliu ..     i  ounce 

Water i  quart. 

This  makes  an  excellent  healing  lotion  for  wounds,  and  it  also  makes 
an  excellent  wash  for  destroying  parasites,  lice,  or  ticks  on  all  anitwH 

I  to  1000  Corrosive  Sublimate  Solution- 
Corrosive  Sublimate ,..  15  grains. 

Water i  quart. 

Shake.  An  excellent  and  cheap  antiseptic  for  woviids;  cannot  be  used 
on  instrtmieuts. 

Oxide  of  Zinc  Ointment,  Benzoated.— 

Oxide  of  Z'uc !  ounce. 

Benzoated  lard 4  ounces 

Mux  well  toj^cther.  This  is  un  excellent  healing  ointment  for  dxy, 
angry  looking  sores. 

Iodine  Ointment— Absorbing  Ointment.— 

Iodine  Crystii's 2  dtachms. 

Biniodide  of  Mercury so  grains. 

Iodide  of  Potash I  drachin. 

Lard,  or  Vaseline •. a  ounces. 

Mix.  Apply  twice  a  day  uatil  part  is  slightly  sore,  and  then  cnce  > 
day,  or  once  in  two  days,  to  ktep  it  slightly  irritated. 

1.  Eye  Lotion.— 

Sulphateof  Zinc j^  drachm 

Fluid  Extract  Belladonna j-i  ounce. 

Water,  to  make Bounces. 

Mix.  Shake  thoroughly,  and  it  is  ready  for  use.  A  good  Iction  for 
sore  eyes,  or  for  sores  in  the  region  of  the  e\es.  Apply  twice  a  day,  after 
bathing  the  eyes  with  warm  water  or  freshly  .drawn  milk 


:".'i'/"'»'.t'';.  '  t^r" 


I'Kl'SCRirTIONS 


673 


lakeg 


uaed 


dxy. 


ce  • 


for 
liter 


2.  Eve  Lotion.— 

Nitrate  of  Silver 5  Rrams. 

Morphine  Sulphate 5  K'ains- 

Atropine  Sulphate 2  Krains. 

Water,    o  make .ounces 

Sltake.    Drop  ,0  to  .5  drops  into  the  eye,  three  times  a  day  with  a 
caedicine  dropper.     Keep  in  the  dark. 

1.  Cough  Mixture.— 

Fluid  ExtT'>ctHelladonna I  ounce. 

.       .     .  ,     .     ,  %  ounce. 

Pulveruxd  Opium ^ 

„        .  1  ounce. 

Gum  Camphor 

Ammonium  Chloride jounces. 

Add  uiolasse.  and  flour,  enough  to  make  %  pint  of  paste.  With  a  small, 
w^xHl""  plllt  daub  a  ..blespoonful  on  the  back  teeth,  three  to  five  Umes 
i  day. 

2.  Cough  Mixture.— 

inui.l  Extract  of  Belladonna jounces. 

,,,  ,„^,i„  3  ounces. 

Ammonium  Chloriae... ■> 

.. .     <  T.  .   .V.  I  ounce. 

lodiileof  Potash 

\  ounces. 

Saltpcttr 

Water,  to  make >  l"^'*-       ^        ^ 

Shake.     Pose:     2  ounces  three  times  a  day.  in  grain,  or  as  a  drench. 

i.  Colic  Mixture.— 

*  ,  4  ounces 

Laiul.mum 

.\r.miatic  SpiriU  of  Ammonia jouuces. 

Sulphuric  Klhcr toun:es. 

E'^senccof  Tam.ma Ginger 4ouuLes. 

Water,  t'>  i\K\ke 1  p»n  . 

G.ve  from  ^  .0  j  ounces  of  this  in  a  half  pint  of  hot  water.  A  second 
ice  n  be  given  in  one-half  to  one  hour,  and  1«  repcaU-d  an  hour  later. 
Mways  dilute  with  hot  water,  but  not  hot  enough  .0  scald  the  animal 

?..  Colic  Mixture.— 

Aromatic  Suinls  of  Ammonia A  ounce. 

,:.,  w  ounce 

Sulphuric  hthcr  ^ 

Fluid  Extract  IWlladonna '  drachm. 

Fhiid  Extract  ]..borand, ^  drachms. 

Fluid  nxtr.icl  C.ilibar  Bean H  dracUm. 

Hyposulphite  of  Soda  1  ouncea. 

Water,  to  make X  ?"» 

.Shake     Give  as  one  dose;  repeat  in  one-half  to  one  hour  if  necessary 


674 


Tin:  I'UACTICAI.  .STt)CK  DdCTOR 


r< 


Physic  Drench  or  Ball  for  Horses. 

U.'ir1);ili)c^   \l(ics  ..     '>  to  8  (Inn  hins 

KakinKSi"li i  drachm. 

Giiiji;iT I  to  4  dr.ii  Imi.s 

Water  (lukcwariii)    nr   tlim    I.niMnl   iinal 

gruel I  iiint. 

Alix,  and  nive  as  a  driiu  li,  allowing  lioi       In  slaml  in  tile  stable  a  day 

Hfter  nivi">? 't-     .\  k""'  r"''K''-'\  •-''"'■'''"■ ''"'  I'""    '■*.  Or,  l)y  niixinjj  v.itb 
•nola.sses  to  make  a  sti'i  'lou^li,  may  In-  >;iven  .is  a  l>.ill. 

Physic  Drench  for  Cattle. ~ 

ICpwiiii  Sail,-. I  !'»  Ijj  IKJUiuls. 

Ginger i  oinue. 

Syrup 4  uuiiees. 

Water,  to  mike a  quarts. 

Mi  1  ,  anil  ^;ive  as  one  ilose. 

Cough  Mixture  for  Cattle. - 

ftinii  Caiii].!!  .r jiIikUiiis. 

Siilti-.ttr 5  iliailuns 

Spirits  iif  Niti  r 1  ounce. 

Watir    ■rCinicl I  pint. 

Mix,  by  ilissoh  niK  (.  ituplior  in  the  Spint.s  of  Niter,  ami  aiM  the  watel 
(Oi  gruel)  and  S.ill])eler,  and  ^;ive  n  one  (!"-e.  May  be  rei)eateil  two  oi 
Uiree  times    i  day. 

General  Condition  Powders. - 

Gentian    I'ouikr ,li  pound 

CcKjkiiiK  Ho'la Ji  pound 

Nux  Vomica,  ))owdor... '4  pound. 

Arsenic i  drachm. 

l\fi.\  .  Do^e-  Tahlc-jKHiii  levi'  full  iiinruinj,'  and  nr,i;1it  in  moistened 
jrain.     At  noon  ;;ive  1  !ie  following: 

Sulphate  of  Iron  4  ounces. 

Sidtpeter 4ounces. 

Mix.     Hose:    Tablespoon  level  full. 

PROUD   FLESH— To  Destroy — 

.\l)])Iy  Sulplntr  f  /inr  ;  dn-l  i'  mii  full  -;re!ii;lli,  I'in.liii'j;  il  .aiif  nci'- 
C'.-nr.v.  I  his  will  <li-ltoy  nil  ■■ir  mIc-  layer.  .Al'ler  twi  or  tlinc  days  tlie 
sc.ib  «'an  be  scril.fil  ..ti.  'riic;!  ais'lv  iiMn-  ..f  tlie  /iiu:.  r.;ul  (..iitiiuic  until 
Proud  I'Icsh  is  all  ikslnned  Then  lual  wound  ly  ii-i^iy  ".Modllad  White 
Lotion,"  page  (!70. 


MICROCOPY    RESOtUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  and  ISO  'FST   i' MART  N,,    ; 


1.0 


I.I 


•-la 

■  32 


.:  m 


[175 
2.2 

ZO 
1.8 


1.25 


1-4     11.6 


^     APPLIED   l^yVlGE 


« 


it  *-i 


■1  ^  ;' 


mm ; 


5      |i 


111? 


NM 


H 
X 

Ok 

I/I 


PRACIICAL  REMEDIES  AND  RECIPES 

...FROM  PRACTICAL    . 

FARMERS  AND  STOCK  OWNERS 


npHE  aim  lias  been  to  make  tl.is  hook  one  of  ^reat  value 
from  a  f^ractnal  as  well  as  from  a  scientific  standpoint, 
fivcry  successful  farmer  has  a  few  favorite  remedies  that  he  has 
tried  and  tested  and  that  he  knows  to  be  valuable.  To  gather 
these  reinedier,  has  been  a  long  and  difficult  undertaking,  but 
-ve  have  succeeded,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  following,  gathered 
trom  all  sections  of  the  comitry  and  from  the  most  reliable 
sources,  will  be  found  the  most  valuable  collection  of  sure  and 
simple  remedies  ever  gathered  for  the  home  use  of  the  farmer 
and  stock  owner. 

PUBLISHURS 


REMEDIES  FOR  HORSES 

TO  KEEP  HOR  SES  IN  HEALTH.  -  Give  leaf  tobacco 
hiiclv  pulveiizcd,  one  talik-si>oonfnl  once  a  week  in  wheat  bran 
rolls,  one  teaspoonfu!  once  a  week. 

Robert  F.    Chambers,  Spaiecr,  Indiana,  R.  F.  D.  i. 

BLOATING— If  bloated  from  wind,  give  injection  of 
\.-arni  soapy  water-  if  animal  shows  signs  of  inflammation,  give 
liliout  15  drops  of  Tnicture  of  Aconite. 

John  OatTiuy.,  Green  R!dge,  Manitoba,  Canada. 

BLOOD  PURIFIER. - 

Sulpli'T 7  ouiice.s 

Creair  of  Tartar 2        " 

Sassafras 2        " 

Mandrake,  powflcrof 2        " 

Mix  and  give  one  tablespouiiful  -jiice  a  day 
in  grain. 

Walter  Whitfield,  Sr. ,  Pontiac,  Michigan,  R.  F.  D,  6 

=75 


.:rl 


i. 


f.76  Tin-    PRACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR^ 

ROG-SPAVIN    AND    THOROUGH-PIN.- -Keep  the 

horse  r.s  (juict  a=  possible  in  a  box-stall  atid  blisttr  once  every 
month  as  long  as  necessary  willi  the  foHownig: 

I'.iniodidc  of  Mercury I'j  iltHchms 

CanlharMcs '  J4 

Vaseline ••       '  ouncet; 

Aft.x  well  icgethtT 

Chp  all  the  hair  oil  and  ml.  the  ol'stc'  («ne  .)bo\e  ointment) 
well  in.     Be  snrt  to  tie  him  up  so  that  he  cannot  bite  tlic  parts 
In  twenty-four  hours  n:b  well  again,  and  it:  twcnt'-four  hourr- 
longer  wash  off  and  apply  sweet  oil  every  day.     It  is  sometimes 
necessary  tc  blister  several  times  to  efiect  a  thorough  cure. 

/.  h'carns-  Paliiurston .  Ontatio,  Canada. 

BOTS.— Drench  with   i    pint   ot   Indigo  water  reasonably 
strong  I-  -S"  Harper,  Noietty,  A/isiOii/i. 

BCWELS»  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE.  I  treat  about 
the  same  as  in  colic.  I  always  en:pluy  tlic  best  veterinarian  I 
can,  when  I  have  a  case  of  this  kind,  and  they  often  fail  to  do 
much.  My  experience  is  that  much  can  be  accomplished  by 
treating  the  same  as  colic  and  applying  lots  of  heat  to  the  body 
in  the  form  of  woolen  blankets  wrung  out  in  liot  water,  and  held 
up  to  the  belly;  also  heal  the  back  if  you  do  not  use  the  blajiket 
and  hot  water.     Have  found  it  good  to  use- 

Spirits  of  Turpentiiu i  ounce. 

Mustard ii  pound. 

Vinegar 'A  gahon 

Mi.r  tojTether  and  rub  on  tlip  Ixlly  and  .'itran 
b  blanki-t  on  the  horse;  also  ajjply  some  on  the 
iKjck  of  the  animal. 

I  am  a  faimei  60  jears  of  age  and  have  farmed  all  my  life. 
Have  used  all  the  recipes  I  am  sending  you,  for  over  35  years, 
and  found  them  to  be  of  great  success  with  my  own  slock,  as 
well  as  tc  ths  neighborhood  in  which  I  live.  I  believe  I  could 
sell  e  number  of  your  books  here,  as  the  farmers  around  would 
5ke  to  gtt  hold  of  somfc.  ot  the  recipes  I  am  sending  you. 


PRACTICAL  RF.CII'i: S jr<OM_FARMERS 677 


The  recipes  I  am  sen<lin«  you  arc  intended  f..r  animals  that 
have  co.ne  to  matnrity.  and  v.honld  be  reduced  aca.rdnn;  to  the 
age  and  streuKth  of  the  animal. 

I  wish  yuu  success  with  your  hook. 

GiV>:Kr,.  Campbdl,  Ci/./uiJ.  Simvc  Co.,  Ontafto. 

BREAST  BRUISED  FROM  EATING  OUT  OF  A 
HIGH  MANGER.  Put  in  a  rowel  nmde  of  leather  or  k 
thread.  Keep  moving  it  every  day  tn.tU  U  ,s  rmmm«  ^vell  lun 
remove  the  string  an.l  keep  .ore  washed  well  w.th  warm  water. 

/.  P.   lloodard,  Nfu-  Comers/own,  Ohw. 

CASTRATION,  BLEEDING  FROM. -Rub  back  with 

salt  water  and  apply  vinegar  to  sore.  ,  -    j   ,,■  ,„ 

Alm-sr  L.  Maland,  Kushford,  Minnesota. 

CATARRH  IN  THE  HEAD,  OR  THE  HEAVES.- 

Feed  western  prairie  hay.   This  hay  has  plenty  of  resm  plant  ni  it. 
ieeuwt.ie      p  j)^  r.  Pike,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 

COLIC.-Sulphuric  Ether,  given  in  i  ounce  doses,  r.ixed 
.ith  twice  the  quantity  of  warm  water  or  milk-dose  repea^d  m 
,5  minutes  if  not  easier-will  i>ositively  cure  any  caseof  aeu  e  c. 
spasmodic  colic.  This  ^^f^^^^P^IlZ::^ 
I  ^:-;r  sT;"  S::d  h.:ity  are  too  far  gon.  "Lamb 
ChoLra- ■  "nothing  btU  colic  produced  by  sickness  or  changes  m 
the  dam's  milk.  ^^^    .^^    ^^.^^^^^^  MarysviUe,  Ohio. 

2     Colic-Have  found  whiskey  and  soda  the  safest  remedy 

Give  \  pint  whiskey  and  a  tablespoonful  of  soda  mixed.    Repeat 

the  dose  if  not  relieved  in  thirty  minutes.  ^    „    ,    , 

tne  aose  ^^^  ^^    Laiigford,  Richmond,  Kentucky. 

-x  Colic -Take  iH  pints  of  lard,  heat  quite  warm  place 
in  a  bottle  and  drench  the  horse  with  it.  This  can  be  used  when 
other  remedies  cannot  be  had.^^^^^^   ^^^^^^^  ^^^^^.^^^_  ^^^.^^ 


'^i^»;" 


■A 


11 


r,78      THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

4.  Colic— 20  drops  Wild  Yam  in  ■;  pint  warm  water  every 
fifteen  to  thirty  minutes  will  cure  colic. 

/['.  /.  Ktyiiolds,  Pit^rslouc  Miytnesota. 

5.  Colic— Make   i   quart  of   strong   hop   tea,   drench    the 
horse,  then  move  him  briskly  for  half  <iuartcr  and  back. 

My  remedies  for  IJots  and  Colic  I  Kot  from  my  father,  who 
was  a  veterinary.     I  never  knew  him  to  lose  a  horse,  and  he 

traveled  all  over  this  country.  ^r     ,.      nt- 

I.  S.  Harper,  Novelty,  Missouri. 

6.  Colic— In  early  .stage. 

Aqua -Vminoiii.-i '  tc.aspoonful. 

SweetMilk i  I'i"t. 

Shake  well  and  ^ive  in  one  ilose. 

7.  Colic- 

Spirits  of  Turpentine '  ounce. 

Lau.l.mum ^  ounces. 

WarmW-iter ■  pi"^' 

Mix  and  give  in  one  dose. 
Colic  is  about  the  only  thing  that  ever  ails  my  horses,  and  if 
I  fail  to  have  the  above  on  hand,    I  give  ]i  p)nnd  of  common 
baking  soda  itt  a  <inart  of  water  and  repeat  in  half  an  hour  if 
necessary.     This  has  never  failed  me  yet. 

W.  A.  Eastu-ood,  Cfusaning,  Michigan ,  R.  h .  D .  2 . 

8.  Colic— A  horse's  stomach  holds  but  four  quarts.  If 
watered  after  feeding  it  will  force  all  feed  into  the  large 
intestines,  where  it  will  ferment  and  cause  colic. 

Laudanum. 

Sulphuric  Kther. 

Spirits  of  Nitre— equal  parts  of  each. 

Give  2  tablespoonfuls  every  half  hour   in 
pint  of  water. 

Jacob  Shear/ey,  FraJiMn,  Pennsylvania. 

9  Colic— Give  one  heaping  tablesix)onful  of  soda  in  one 
quart  of  buttermilk.  Tut  the  soda  into  the  buttermilk  just 
when  ready  to  give.     Repeat  in  half  an  hour,  if  necessary. 

Robert  H.  Chambers,  Hprmrr,  Indiana,  A'.  F.  D.  1. 


PRACTICAL  UKCIPl'.S  I'ROM  FARMERS  f'7-0 

10    Colic  or  Pain  Cure.— 

Laudamim '  "'";;«■ 

Spirits  of  Camphor » 

Tincture  <  if  Kluibarb ' 

Oil  of  IVin>crmint ^  .kachms. 

Oil  of  Cinnanum ^ 

Oosc  for  ;i  liorse,  30  to  40  'Irop^  in   ■,    pint 
■wririn  water. 
Excellent  f.r  persons  also,  ,iven,  of  course,  -;;^;];^'J;^- 

P.  If.  CliJIov.,  DeChff,  Ohw. 

II*    Colic.-One-half  cnpful  of  Spirits  of  Turpentine  in  one 
quart  of  warm  water.  Riven  as  a  drench. 

haac  SalkelJ,  Coderich,  Ontario,  Canada. 

12.    No.  I.— For  Colic— 

Sweut  Spirits  of  Nitre i'^  ounces. 

Tincture  of  Opium '      ounce. 

Kxtractof  Cin^'er V2 

Water ^^  P*°»- 

/^"'•^-  anil  give  as  one  ilose. 

XX.    No.  a.- -For  Wind  Colic— 

vViiOoform |^  ounce. 

UlUfeced  Oil,  raw '  '!"»". 

H^/ix  awl  K'ive  as  one  dose. 

Win.  A.  Hale,  Anamosa,  Iowa. 

14.    Colic. — 

Wonnwoo-l,  Oil  of '{  ""««. 

Origanum,  Oil  of ': 

Laudanum •» 

Cum  Camphor ,'•» 

Capsicum,  pulvuri/eil ^ 

Alcohol y^  P'"*- 

Dose.—VoT  a  horse,  one  tablespoonful  in  one- 
half  teacupfiil  of  lukewarm  water.     Repeat  in 
■alf  an  hour.  r>    t    r>  a 

Valter  Whitjield,  Sf.,  Pontiac,  Michigan,  R.  t.D.6. 


i. 


6Ho  Tiir:  rkAcr.uwi.  stock  doctor 

15.  Colic.  - 

ClKiinoiiiile  Tf.i  (warm) i  pint. 

Spirits  of  Xitre i  niince, 

Saleratus  (or  Soda) i        " 

flfi.v  and  jjive  to  liorrt-  out  of  l(iii).;-iUMked 
bottle,  as  one  dose.  Uuh  liorse's  (links  and 
small-of  back  ami  keep  fairly  warm  with  a 
blanket. 

Exust  Ihiiir,  I'.lloiiUil,  ,  North  Hakota. 

16.  Colic. - 

Chloroform  i  teaspoonful. 

Cayenne  I'cpjM-r i  " 

(finjjer i  taldespnonfHl. 

Give  in  one  pint  warm  water,  then  follow  in 
fifteen  minutes  with  from  one  to  one-half  pints 
raw  Linseeil  Oil. 

The  above,  so  far  as  I  have  tried  or  li;ive  seen  tried,  lias 
proved  entirely  snccessful. 

//.  M.  Ilanir,  SJit-pherd,  Michigan. 

COLIC,  CRAMP. 

Sulphurii-    Kther 2  ounces. 

I.and.mum 2       " 

("live  in  \  pint  Linseed  Oil  raw. 

<7.  D.  Foster,  A'iftgftsfier,  Oklahoma. 

COLIC,  SPASMODIC.  - 

Tincture  of  Asafetida 4  ounces. 

Sulphuric   ICther \\^  ounce. 

Mi.y,  and  give  '4  of  contents  in  i  pint  of 
warm  water  every  ten  minutes  until  relief. 

Gilbert  Holmes,  Hillsboro,  Ohio.  J^.  F  D.  6. 

2.    Colic,  Spasmodic  — 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Kitre 1^  ounce. 

Tincture  of  Opium i  ounce. 

Extract  of  Cinj,'er 1^       " 

Water y^  pint. 

Ali.r  and  j^ive  as  one  dose.     When  pos- 
sible, j;ive  w.irm  water  injections. 

Have  used  this  remedy  for  twenty-five  years  with  verj'  good 
results  in  nearly  every  case. 

John  Gairthrcp,  Milford,  Indiana. 


PRACTICAL  RICCIPKS  I'ROM   FARMKRS fi8i 

3.     Colic,  Spasmodic-  -My  favorite  remedy  for  this  is: 

Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre i  ounce. 

Tincture  Laudaniuij i       " 

Ginger '  tMblcspoonful. 

Common  Soda i       " 

Lukewanu  Water i  pint. 

Mir  uml  give  as  one  dose.  Rfpe:it  every 
four  hours  until  bctUr.  In  bad  cases  »pply 
hot  cloths  to  the  holly. 

(fcorgc  Campbell,  Cilclirist,  Simcoc  Co.,  On/ario. 

COLIC,  WIND  OR  FLATULENT.— I  treat  the  same 
as  in  Spasmodic  Colic,  given  over  my  name,  only  I  give  aa 
occasional  drench  of: 

C;)mnioa  S<)<la.  3  tahlespoonfuls. 

Ginger I  tablc-ipoonful. 

This  i.s  to  talsc  the  wind  away 
Gjorge  Campbell,  Gilchrist,  Simcoe  Co.,  Ontario 

COLLAR  GALLS.- 

Vaseline.. 4  ounces. 

Tannin 2  tlrachm-S. 

Apply  cnoniinj.;  iind  evening;. 

^lliiier  L.  Afalaiid,  Rushford,  Minnesota. 

COLLAR,  SCALD  UNDER.— Bathe  In  cold  water. 

W.  S.  Starchcr,  Berlin,   Wisconsin. 

CONDITION,  TO.— When  a  horse  is  sick  and  does  not 
eat  well,  feed  him  a  hot  mash  and  some  spples. 

/.  P.  Woodard,  New  Comerstown ,  Ohio. 

CONDITION  POWDER.-  -The  following  is  a  recipe 
which  I  know  to  be  very  good,  in  fact,  the  best  I  ever  used,  and 
I  have  used  quite  a  number  of  the  different  powders. 

Ginger 6  ounces. 

Elecampane 6        " 

Juniper  Berries 4        " 

Fenugreek 6        " 

Bpsom  Salts- 4        " 

Gentian  Root 4        " 

Tartar  Emetic a        " 

Powder  all  well  together  and  give  one  table- 
epoonf ul  in  soft  feed  twice  a  day. 

Valentitie  Tkoeny,  Tell,  Buffalo  County,  Wisconsin. 


Till'   TRACTICAL  ST(X'K  DOCTOR 


V    , 


J  a    "'ft  s 


Condition  Powder. — 

Ro!)in  

Sulphur. 

Ginger ».. 

Saltpeter ~ 

Cream  of  Tartar 

Copperas 

Poplar  Bark 

Fenugreek 

Blood  Root.. 

Buchu 

Senna 


part. 


Pulverize  an-l  mix. 
feed  or  bran  uiasli. 


Pose,  I  tablespoon ful  in 


I  have  used  this  condition  powder  for  thirty-five  years  and 
have  found  it  the  best  thing  ever  trieti  for  conditioning  horses. 
It  cleanses  the  stomach  and  jovvels,  removes  worms  and  purifies 
the  blood.     It  is  highly  praised  by  liverymen  who  have  used  it. 
/.  F.  R.  IMmes,  Hilhboro,  Ohio,  R.  F.  D.3. 

3.  Condition  Powder. — For  horses  that  are  rim  down  and  do 
not  thrive.     First,  examine  the  teeth. 

Fenugreek,  Cream  of  Tartar,  Gentian,  Sulphur,  Saltpetre, 
Rosin,  Black  Antimony  and  Ginger,  equal  parts;  Cayenne 
Pepper,  one-half  part.  Thoroughly  mix  and  give  one  table- 
spoonful  in  bran  once  a  clay. 

/.  W.  Higgs,  Silver  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 

COUGH. — If  a  horse  has  a  cough  following  distemper,  or 
any  disease  of  tlte  respiratory  organs,  or  in  neaves,  give  the 
following: 

Oil  Tar 4  ounces. 

Oil  Amber 4      " 

Coal  Oil  (Kerosine) 4      " 

Spirits  of  Turpentine 4      " 

Mix  Oil  Tarand  Oil  Amber  in  one  bottle  and 
tlie  Coal  Oil  and  Turpentine  in  another.  To 
give:  Put  one  tablespoonful  of  the  latter  in 
the  drench  bottle,  and  shake  so  the  Tar  and 
Amber  Oils  will  not  stick;  then  add  one  table- 
spoonful  of  the  Oils  of  Tar  and  Amber.  Shake 
and  give  as  a  drench,  repeating  every  night 
•fter  feeding  until  the  coMgh  <itop#. 


i'RACTlCAL  Ri:CII'i:S  I'ROM  FARMERS ^'^.1 

Also  give  a  teacupful  of  Raw  Linseed  Oil  every  morning. 
This  will  cure  heaves  or  any  othtr  lotiKh  if  \>T(>i>erly  used.  It  is 
the  best  throat  and  Iniig  medicine  in  use. 

(I'rorgf  Cu/iiph//,  (li/thriil,  Simcoe  Co.,  Ontario. 

CUTS.— I'or  cuts  of  any  kind  apply  Turpentine  as  soon  s« 
possible,  then  follow  with  liljcral  applications  of  Sweet  Oil. 

//.  M.  /huicr,  Shepherd,   Michigan. 

CUTS  AND  WOUNDS. 

I<insct(l  <  111 H  ounces. 

Carbolic .\citl i  oiiiac. 

lodiifonu I  ilr.uliin. 

OxMc  of  Ziiu- 1         " 

Mix  thorounlily  ii'nl  'ipiily  twice  a  il.\y. 

luirt/ev J<>>t,  Alma,    ll'i.sionsin. 

FRESH  CUTS,  SALVE  FOR     CALLED  "BISHOP'S 

SALVE."   - 

Red  Ixad I   pouml. 

UnscfilOil I   I'liit- 

Roil  toj^'etber.     Care  iiiu^t  lie  taken   in   tioil- 
iiiR  or  it  will  burn  or  get  loo  b  ird  to  use 

/).  //.   (7i/i,>//,  Ik'Cnjf.   Ohio. 

CRACKED  HEELS,  SCRATCHES,  OLD  SORES, 
OPEN  JOINT.  Is  excellent  for  all  enumerated,  uud  will  stop 
the  oil  from  running  out  uf  the  joints. 

SuK'ir  of  Lead I    tablespoonful. 

Alum ' 

liluestone  (Sulphate  of  Copper)     i  " 

Best  Vinegar i  t  acupful 

Mix.     For  fresh  wouiuU  a(l<l  more  vinegar. 

I  paid  $5.00  for  this  reciix;  and  it  is  the  best  money  I  ever 

invested.     If  a  horse  gets  kicked  on  the  stifle  joint,  bathe  with 

hot  water  with  a  little  salt  in  it.     Have  water  as  hot  as  your  hand 

will  bear,  and  continue  applying  for  twenty  minutes.      Wipe  dry 

and  apply  the  above  liniment  freely.     Ha\-e  saved  many  a  good 

horse  with  this  liniment.     I  never  poultice  a  horse  when  kicked 

on  the  stifle  joint;  think  it  is  a  great  mistake  to  do  .so.     If  you 

have  to  use  a  syringe  with  this  liniment  use  a  glass  one,  as  it  will 

stjoil  any  other  kind. 

George  Campbell i  dickrisi,  Simcot  Co..  Ontario, 


j^^t 


v.^> 


(•M   •  I'll;  rUACTICAI,  ST(X'K   DOCTOR 

DIARRHOEA  IN  YOUNG  F-OALS.     In  inil.l  ns.s  >;ive 
the  following  ; 

V'l.iiir a  inM<-Ni><ii>iifiits. 

C..I.1   W.iUT    I  Uainjifiil. 

.1/;  1   .in. I  ilriiu-h  twice  .1  diy. 

If  tlif  oilt  is  in  imiti  ^\\x-  tl'c  following: 

Tnntiiri-  I  nuliiiuiii lulu  is  ilrops. 

Ci-t^r  Oil '  I'liMii'. 

Wlii-kcy  IT  Ilraiily z  trtl.Ii  s],o.viifuls. 

.^/i  \  .iii'l  <hiiu  li.  Al  '>  ;i].plv  iiiiisl.iril  ].l.is- 
t.  I  iipi-.l.inl  .mil  Hour  in  I'lirtl  ji.irts  ti>  llif 
liclly,  .iiiil  Uii  p  till-  iii'l  w.irin 

(,'<»pxf  (-'lUiipl'J!,  Cilihiisl,  Siiiuoi-  Co  .  thitario. 

DIS  TEMPER,  OR  STRANGLES. 

UlMII    '    l'"lltlil. 

Alum ' 

Oinv^tT ' 

lUtiL-  Vitriol ,'i 

I'owiliT,  mix  all  tDiullK-r  -.WX'X  Kivi-  I  talilc 
s|«>uiifn!  luite  jkt  iliy  in  fcnl. 

I  iRvcT  kiKW  it  to  fail,  lli'l  nine  lii-ad  of  my  own  with  it 
(iiie  f.ill  nn<l  tiny  got  alon^;  fuKly  luuKr  lliiA  tn  itui'-iit. 

/('////  Jh  Alli'ii,    W'oitli'ui^ton,  hidiana. 

2.  Distemper.  Kctii  howcls  oimi  with  ]'•  pint  Castor  Oil 
and  ,'_■  I'inl  Salt--  dissolved  in  warm  \v:;ter.  C.ivc  warm.  If  the 
throat  is  badly  swollen,  take  i  j;alIon  .sluUed  f)ats,  \^<.)\\x  hoilinj,' 
water  on  them,  and  when  eool  enough  put  them  in  a  sack  and 
bind  under  jaw  and  throat.  Rnb  the  throat  with  the  following 
liniment: 

Olive  Oil 4  <'imccs. 

Spirit.-;  of  Turinnlim; I  otitice. 

Spirits  of  Campbor i         " 

.^qu.a  Ammonia ^Yi  ounces. 

This  liniment  is  good  for  sprains,  bruibes,  sore  shoulders, 
stiff  joints  and  pains  j^enerally,  in  man  or  beast. 

Robcit  E.  Chambers,  Spencer,  Iridiaita,  /•'.  r .  Z-.  /. 


PRACTICAw  «i:CIPF,S  FROM   lARMKRS 6^% 

3.  Distemper.— 

Common  Black  Ounpowiler...  1  i.it.l<H]>..iiii(ul. 

Lnr<l ' 

l^<Xlp^uds  (stilT  i I 

I'iiic  Tar *  tabk'sj><M>nfuls. 

Ginii  Myrrh 1  liWcHiimmful. 

Mix-  Hill  put  <"ie  tcasiioniiful  of  the  mixture 
on  Iwirsf's  t"iiH;m'  twice  a  day. 

Hathe  thniat  with  To'iacco  tea.  as  follows;  To  one  quart  of 
water  add  one  ounce  of  clieaj-  Tobacco  and  let  water  lK>il  up. 
Apply  as  hot  as  lujrso  can  bear  it. 

lirnest  lltinc,  Ellcndalr,  North  Diikola. 

4.  Distemper,  or  Strangles,  A  Good  Remedy  for.  Will 
prevent  >;atlierin^  or  breaking'  if  ti'^ed  at  the  outset. 

Sl«inish  riits  (powdered  ) I  o  nco. 

While  Wiiif  Vinonar I  Kallon. 

Mix.      Clip  off  the  hair  from  the  throat  and 
apply  the  reiiiefly  twice  a  day.    Do  not  Kt  the 
mixture  free/c.     Keep  in  a  warm  place  in  the 
winter. 
This  is  also  a  good  remedy  for  laryuRitis  or  inflammation  of 
the  throat,  and  .should  l)e  applied  in  the  same  way  as  for  distemper. 
I"(jr  internal  use  take  : 

Saltpeter  V  pound 

Chlorate  of  Potash \     " 

Mi  V  and  yS\c  one  teasj)<M)nfid  on  the  ton>;ue 
three  times  a  day. 

Cvri^c  CavihMl,  Cikfiti^t,  Simcoe  Co.,  Ontario. 

5.  Distemper,  or  Strangles,  Bastard.— For  this  disease  I 
mix  nuistard  and  cayeiuie  pepixr  in  equal  parts  with  water  to  a 
thin  paste  and  apply  to  the  throat  arid  windpipe,  down  on  the 
chest,  and  also  apply  some  to  the  abscesses  to  bring  them  "to  a 
head."  WTien  ready  to  open,  lance  abcesses  on  the  lower  part,  to 
favor  escape  of  matter,  and  press  it  out. 

George  Campbell,   Gihhrisl,  Simcor  Co.,  0>itario. 


:M.A2t 


ailiN^'il^ 


n  ■    y- 


686 TIIE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

EYES,  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE-  Use  Extract  of 
'AMtch  Ha/el  freely  to  bathe  the  ej-es.     Very  good. 

Alini)  I..  A/a/and,  Rus/i/oni,  Minvesota. 
2.   Eyes,  Inflammation  of. 

Siilpli;itcof  zinc i  draclim. 

CarbdHc  Aciil ^         " 

Clvccrine i  ounce. 

'\\"''>'<''' 4  outues. 

Get  thi?  lotion  prepared  by  a  druggist  and  put  four  or  five 
drops  into  tlic  afTeeted  eyes  nKjniing  and  evening. 

W'alht    Wliitihid,  S,:,  Pontiac,  Michigan,  R.  F.  D.  6. 

FARCY.— 

-NitratL-  >>{  IVitash,  powdered  finely.     4  ounces. 

lilaok  Autiuionj' 2       " 

Sulphite  of  S'lda,  jxiwdorcd i  ounce. 

Elicain|iane,  powdered 2  ounces. 

Miv  and  give  I  talilespoonful  once  or  twice 
a  d.y. 

This  remedy  I  liave  tried  a  good  many  times  in  tlie  last  thirty 
years  and  it  has  ne\er  failed  to  do  the  desired  work. 

Tilnitt'i    Wilkin,  SpciurrviHr    Ohio. 

2.    Farcy.-    Or  swelling  al.tng  tlie  al)donien  caused  by  iudi- 
K'estion  from  lieavy  feeding  and  run  down  oondilioii. 

■'■•'"r'-'cr 3  ouncs. 

Sulphur ^         " 

Cream  of  Tart  1 ^ 

Anise  Seeil ^ 

Mix  and  duiile  into  four  jiowdeiv.  Give 
one  powder  in  f.cd  the  first  meal,  one  the 
second,  ini-.s  the  third,  gi-e  I'ue  fourth,  miss 
the  fifth  and  };ive  the  sixth.  lietlertohe  given 
in  soft  feed.     .\  sure  .  iire. 

John  Oahvay,  ( in  en  Ridg<\  Manitoba,  Canada. 
FISTULA,  OR  POLL  EVIL.— 

Alcohol r,  ounces 

OilofSpike 2 

Oil  of  Sassafras 2       " 

Cai:i])hor  Cum 4       " 

Ox  or  Beef  Call ^ 

Oil  of  Tansy 2 

Apply  once  per  day  before  pus  has  fc.nned. 
It  is  a  sure  cure. 

John  D.  Allen,   IVntiUini^ton,  indiana. 


PRACTICAL  RECIPKS  FROM  FARMERS 687 

FOUNDER.— The  following  receipt  is  a  sure  and  speedy 

remedy:     Take  a  tablespoonful  of  pulverized  Alum,   pull  the 

horse's  tongue  out  of  his  mouth  as  far  as  possible  and  throw  the 

Alum  down  his  throat.     Let  go  of  his  tongue  and  hold  up  his 

head  until  he  swallows.     In  six  hours  time,  no  matter  how  bad 

the  founder,  he  will  be  fit  for  moderate  service.     I  have  seen  this 

remedy  tested  so  often  with  perfect  success  that  I  would  not  make 

five  dollars  difference  in  a  horse  foundered  (if  done  recently")  and 

one  that  was  not. 

CUbert  I/olmes,  Ihlhboro,  Ohio,  A\  P.  D.  6. 

2.  Founder.— Founder  is  produced  by  three  different  causes: 
over-feeding,  watering  when  too  warm,  or  by  driving  a  horse 
until  he  is  very  warm  and  letting  him  stand  in  a  cold,  raw  wind 
without  blanket.     The  last  case  is  very  severe  and  is  difficult  to 

cure. 

For  Founder  of  short  standing,  take  the  small  blade  of  a  pen- 
knife, one-half  inch  from  the  point,  and  bleed  in  the  wart  of  the 
feltlock  of  each  fore  leg,  takir  g  one  teaspoonful  of  blood  from 
each,  and  cause  him  to  swallow  a  teas]X)onful  of  dry  Alum.  If 
he  has  been  foundered  for  any  length  of  time,  treat  as  above  and 
bathe  the  legs  thoroughly  with  the  following: 

Beef  s  O.1II,  fluid  contents  of 6  ounces. 

Alcohol  ^ 

Ammonia,  Spirits  of 3 

Shake  well  ami  bathe  twice  a  day. 

/".  K.  Battle,  Palis,  Texas. 

3.  Founder.— A  good  remedy  if  the  trouble  is  caused  by  too 
nmeh  grain.  Keep  the  animal  from  water  for  twelve  hours.  As 
soon  as  you  can,  draw  one  gallon  of  blood  from  the  horse's  neck, 
then  drench  with  one  quart  Linseed  Oil  and  rub  the  fore  legs  long 
and  well  with  very  hot  water. 

/.   \V.  Ifiggs,  Silver  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 

4.  Founder,  From  Grain.— Drench  with  one  pint  Linseed 

Oil.     Stand  his  front  feet  in  a  tub  of  hot  water.     In  one  hour,  if 

he  has  not  had  a  passage,  rei^eat  the  dose.     Give  him  exercise 

and  some  water. 

/   p    Woodarij .  Ae?,'  Comers  town.  Onto. 


iji:' 


688      THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

5.  Founder,  To  Prevent. — For  a  horse  that  has  been  over- 
fed grain,  if  taken  immediately  ^ive  one  tablespoonful  of  powdered 
Alum  by  drawing  out  tongtie,  jilacing  thereon  and  letting  go  at 
once.  Follow  with  i  ^^  (jiiart!?  raw  Linseed  Oil.  Bleeding  in  feet 
will  also  help  if  the  person  is  competent  to  use  the  knife. 

]V»i.  A.  Hale,  Afiamosa,  lou'a. 

FROST'S  CELEBRATED  BLACK  OIL  FOR  MAN 
OR  BEAST.— 

Neat's  Foot  Oil I  pint. 

Sliinls  of  Turpentine  I     " 

Oil  of  Spike 2  ounces. 

Oil  of  Origanum 2       " 

Oil  of  Vitriol i  ounce. 

This  liniment  viust  be  properly  mixed  to  be  of  value,  as  fol- 
lows: Secure  a  half  gallon  jug,  put  the  fir'-t  four  ingredients  in 
and  stir  them  thoroughly  together,  after  which  add  a  little 
of  the  Vitriol  and  continue  stirring  for  a  few  minutes,  then 
add  a  little  more  Vitriol  and  repeat  the  stirring,  continuing  this 
until  the  Vitriol  is  all  used.  //  rcqnins  about  ti^o  hours  to  get  the 
Vitriol  in  without  burning  the  liniment.  Then  let  the  whole  mix- 
ture stand  a  few  hours  and  it  is  ready  for  use. 

This  liniment  should  be  applied  externally  and  is  the  best 
and  cheapest  all-around  stock  liniment  I  ever  saw.  It  is  especially 
valuable  for  cuts,  bruises,  rheumatism  and  stiff  joints.  It  is  strong 
enough  to  kill  bone  spavin,  and  will  not  produce  anymore  sensa- 
tion in  a  fresh  cut  than  so  much  water  //;/  i%  properly  mixed.  If 
it  is  not  properly  mixed,  it  produces  a  burning  sensation  and  is 
valueless.  If  used  on  animals,  it  should  be  washed  out  of  the 
hair  every  other  day  as  it  m;iy  cause  tlie  hair  to  slip;  otherwise  it 
will  not  do  any  damage.  It  is  the  best  wire-cut  remedy  I  ever 
saw  as  it  leaves  the  least  scars. 

This  recipe  has  been  in  use  in  our  family  for  fifty  years  and 
is  the  most  \alued  one  we  have. 

L.  L.  Frofl,  Mirabilc,  Mi<Mmri. 

GALLS  ON  HORSES.— White  Lead  moistened  with  Sweet 
Oil  or  sweet  milk.  Cover  the  galled  si>ots  twice  a  day.  Wash 
before  each  application. 

/.  P.   Woodatd,  Neil'  Comersto-un,  Ohio. 


PRACTICAL  RKCTPKS  FROM  FARMERS  689 

GREASE  HEEL.— Give  Sulphite  of  Soda,  Vi  ounce  three 
times  per  day,  and  also  give  Cantharides,  5  grains  once  per  day. 
Joseph  //.  Ki-cJ,  Ca>hy>isbu>g,  Pc)iiisjha>iia,  R.  F.  D.  jS. 

2.   Grease  Heel,  Scratches  and  Old  Sores,  Good  Lini- 
ment For.— 

Linseed  Oil i  quart. 

Turpentine }4  pint. 

OilofVitriol 2  ounces 

Put  the  I.inseed  Oil  an<l  Turpentine  into  a 
glass  j.-ir  or  earthern  \  esstl  and  drop  the  I'ltiiol 
in  slowly,  stirring  until  cool. 
Joseph  //.  Reed,  Canonshurg,  Penmylvaiiia,  R.  F.  D.  38. 

Grease   Leg. — Prepare  horse   for  phytic   by  giving  bran 
mash  diet  for  twenty-four  hours,  then  gi\'e  the  fallowing: 

Barbadoes  .Uoes 6  drachms. 

Ginger,  ground 2        " 

Oil,  raw 1  pint. 

Next  dissolve  two  ounces  of  Saltpeter,  put  into  one-half  pail 
of  cold  water  and  bathe  the  leg  thoroughly  for  thirty  minutes; 
then  spread  a  poultice  of  boiled  flaxseed  on  a  cloth  large  enough 
to  cover  leg  from  back  to  fetlock,  sprinkle  poultice  freely  with 
Carbolic  Acid,  place  poultice  on  leg  and  bandage  well  with  flan- 
•jel  to  retain  heat.  Renew  poultice  on  leg  several  times  for  a 
couple  of  days  until  grease  is  well  drawn  out  or  scab  is  formed  on 
leg,  then  remove  poultice  and  wash  leg  regularly  with  the  follow- 
ing: 

Wa'er,  soft Yz  pailful. 

Creolin 2  tablespoonfuls. 

Also  use  Castile  soap  and  continue  the  washings  until  all 
.scurf  is  removed.  Keep  leg  baiidac^ed  while  operating,  gradually 
changing  to  lighter  bandages  initil  finished. 

The  above  is  a  sure  cure  for  grease  or  swelled  leg .  I  have 
used  it  on  several  of  my  own  horses  during  the  past  ten  or  fifteen 
years  and  have  given  it  to  many  of  my  neighbors,  and  have  never 
known  it  to  fail  when  taken  in  the  early  stage  of  the  disease  and 
properly  and  carefully  applied.  I  first  got  the  remedy  from  a 
clergyman  from  the  Highlands  of  Scotland. 

J.  D.  Baikeriille,  fioinimon  Ciiy,  Manitoba,  Canada. 
44 


IV'         »         :  I        ill         '-^ 


■'    il- 


690 THIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

Grease,  Ointment  For. — 

Honey ^  pound. 

I.arci i^        •• 

Tar >^ 

White  \itru)l i  ounce 

Suj;ar  of  Lead i       " 

Aliiiii  3^'  pound. 

Melt  together  the  first  three  ingredients,  pulverize  the  bal- 
ance and  mix  in  by  stirring  initil  cold.  Put  on  lint  cloth,  bind 
on  and  keep  on  for  40  houns.  Repeat  as  needed.  Give  purif}*- 
ing  powders. 

I  have  tried  and  seen  the  above  tried  in  several  cases  and 
never  knew  it  to  fail.  Tliis  receipt  is  worth  as  much  as  the 
horse,  for  it  will  cure  the  grease,  and  a  horse  with  grease  heel  is 
worthless. 

^J.  B.  Dickersou,  Lakevicw,  Michigan. 

HEAVES.—  I  have  known  horses  to  have  the  heaves  so  bad 
that  they  were  entirely  useless,  and  cured  them  completely  by 
feeding  nothing  but  ear  corn  for  six  to  eight  months. 

^.   W.  Pozcell.  Polo,  niinois. 

2.  Heaves,  or  Broken  Wind.  —  Gi\'e  eight  or  ten  drops 
Tincttire  of  Phosphoru.s  in  the  drink  several  times  a  day  for  eight 
or  ten  days. 

Bart/eyjosf,  Alma,   Wisconsin. 

HOOF  BOUND.— The  following  receipt  I  know  by  experi- 
ence to  be  r<7_r  ,i,' ('<'(/; 

Beeswax j  ounces. 

V'cnetian  Turpentine 2       " 

Burjjundy  Pitch j       " 

Rosin 2       " 

Olive  Oil ^       " 

PineTar 4      •• 

Dissolve  and  add   Spirits   of    Tur- 
pentine      2       " 

Rub  well  on  hoof  affected  once  every  d.ty  for  eight  or  ten 
days,  and  in  severe  cases  repeat  the  treatment  after  an  elap.se  of 

I'alenliuf  Thorny,  Till,  Buffalo  County,   IViscofisin. 


PRACTICAL  RECIPES  FROM  FARMERS 691 

HOOF  OINTMENT— 

Archangel  Tar i  pound. 

Tallow }i 

lUeswax 4  ounces. 

Melt  together  and  apply  twice  •  day. 

Bartli-yjost,  ^1/ma,    Wisconsin. 

2.    Hoof  Ointment. — For  crack  in  hoof  or  to  grow  on  a 
new  hoof. 

Muriatic  Ai-iil I   ounce. 

lUitlcr  of  Antinintiy I 

White  Vitriol,  pulverized i       " 

J\Hx  and  apply  to  parts. 

/('//;/  Oiil'ciuiy,  (irecn  J\idi;c,  ^fa>utoba,  Canada. 

INDIGESTION,  ACUTE.— One  quart  raw  I.inseed  Oil- 
Use  as  a  drench  and  rcixjat  if  not  relieved  soon. 

\V.  A'.  ScJbcrry,  Pittificld,  Illinois. 

2.   Indigestion,  Acute.     Fir.st  mix  .ind  give  the  following: 

Common  Soda 4  talili'spoonfuls. 

(iiuj^er I  taliU'spooiiful. 

This  will  neutr.ili/e  the  gas  in  the  stomach.     In  'j  hour  after 

I   give  the  following: 

Spirits  of  Turpentine I  ounce. 

Tmcture  Ivaudauum I       " 

Kaw  Linseed  Oil i  pint. 

Mixa.\v\  j:ive  as  a  drench,  and  repeat  every 
four  hours  initil  better.  Apply  to  the  stomach 
hot  cloths  as  directed  in  congestion  of  the 
lungs  over  my  name. 

I  treat  chronic   indigestion  the  same  as  acute  indigestion, 
only  1  use  more  dinger  and  Soda,  or  ground  Gentian  Root. 

(iivrgc  Ciriiiplhil,  (iihhrid,  Si///(Vf  Co.,  Ofiturio. 

LICE. — Insect  Powder  dusted  over  a  horse  well,  then  blank- 
eted for  an  hour,  will  kill  lice.     Repeat  in  one  wee!-. 

lihncr  C.  Wood,  Mt.  Cihad,  Ohio. 

LINIMENT  FOR  SPRAINS,  BRUISES,  ETC.— 

Liquor  .\nnnonia I  ounce. 

Tincture  of  Arnica  I        " 

Tincture  of  Opium I        " 

Oil  of  Turjientine I 

Alcohol I 

Water,  add  to  make I  pint. 

Salhe  two  or  three  times  daily,  nibbirsg  'n 
w;ll  with  the  hand. 


'•i^imL* 


2v^ 


,«ir 


i  f 


692  THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 

This  is  3  si)1etidi(l  remedy  for  sprains  or  bruises,  good  for 

man  or  beast.     One  of  my  iioiKlibors  had  a  very  sore  foot  which 

he  ctired  with  this  remedy.    Have  used  this  liniment  continuously 

for  thirty  years. 

/ohn  Cawthrop,  MUford,  Itidiana. 

2.  Liniment. — 

Oil  of  Spike 2  ounces. 

Origamim 2 

Hemlock 2 

Wormwood 2       " 

SwectOil 4       " 

Spirits  of  .\inmonia 2       " 

Cum  Cumplior 2       " 

Spirits  of  Turpentine 2       " 

Ali-oliol   (strong) I  <iuart. 

Miv  well  to),'ether  and  bottle  tight. 
An  uneqiialed  horse  liniment,  and  one  of  the  best  ever  made 
for  human  ailments,  such  as  rheumatism,  sprains,  ttc. 

Curlcy  Taylor,  BoonvUk,  Indiana. 

3.  Liniment,  Clifton's. — 

Spirits  of  Ammonia i  ounce. 

Spirits  of  C:ini]ihor 2  ounces. 

Turpentine 2       " 

SweetOil I  ounce. 

Gasoline,  sutTiricnt  to  make  i  pint. 

Keep  away  fiom  the  fire  zihen  apply ini:;  it. 

D.  //.  Oi/ton,  De  Cliff,  Ohio. 

4.  Liniment.— My  favorite,  and  an  excellent  one  for  lumps, 

cuts,  bruises,  etc. 

Tuq)cntine 4  ounces. 

Linseed  Oil 4 

Oil  of  Spike 4 

Cum  ot  Camphor 2 

Rub  on  as  often  as  the  c.vse  seems  to  require. 
James  Af.  Ross,  Fairniount,   II  est  rirginia,  R.  F.  D.j. 

5.  Liniment  for   Sprains,   Bruises,  Sores,  Lameness, 

Etc.— This  liniment  has  been  thoroughly  tested  for  years,  and 

no  one  will  lie  disappointed  in  usinj^  it. 

Olive  Oil 4  ovinces 

Turpentine 4 

Gmn  CsTTiphr.r.      5  rents  worth. 

Charles  A.  Ilayncs,  llillsboro,  Ohio. 


.-'RACTICAI,   Ul'CirUS  l-KOM  FARMERS  <^93 

6.  Liniment.  - 

Whiskey 6  ounces. 

Turi'cntine ^ 

Spiritsof  Caiiiplior 2 

Spirits  of  Soap ^ 

Apply  three  times  a  il,i.\'. 

Ihirlliyjost,  Alma,   Wisconsin, 

7.  Liniment,  Good  for  Man  or  Beast.  -  Mix  2  ounces 
Spiritsof  Turpentine  with  \i  pint  hard  water  and  shake  thor- 
oughly for  five  minutes.  Add  one  hens  crs  well  beaten 
and  shake  again  for  five  minutes.  Put  in  2  ounces  Methylated 
Spiritsof  Alcohol  (wood  aler.hol)  and  shake  five  mmutes;  add 
2  ounces  strong  Li.pior  of  Ammonia  aud  shake  five  minutes. 
Add  hard  water  enough  to  make  up  a  (piart  and  shake  agam 
thoroughly  atul  the  linimetit  is  rea.ly  for  use.  This  is  a  great 
and  effectual  remedy  for  all  kinds  of   sprains  and  bruises  when 

the  skin  is  not  brokeu.  ,   , 

/,.  D.  Arnold,  Bcrf^en,  Nnv  }orh. 

LOCKJAW,  CURE  FOR.- Bleed  the  horse  in  the  third 
bar  of  the  mouth  and  drench  with  strong,  salt  water. 

/.  P.   Woodard,  Neu'  Comerstown,  Ohio. 

LUNGS,  CONGESTION  OF  THE.     Give  the  following: 

Swc.lSiMiils  of  -Nitre I  uance. 

Laudauuiii /* 

Cold  Water «  I''"*- 

Mix  and  give  as  a  drench  in  one  d"se, 
repeating  every  two  to  three  hours.  If  the 
horse  is  in  high  condition,  add  to  the  above  lo 
to  15  drops  of  Fleming's  Tincture  of  Aconite. 

Apply  hot  cloths  to  the  chest,  that  are  wrung  out  from  the 

following: 

Mustard =  onM^s. 

Spirits  of  Turpei'tine 3 

Hot  Water >i  ^a.]MM\. 

If   the  horse  has   a  cough  afterward  give  him  the  remedy 
for  cough,  to  which  my  name  is  signed. 

George  Campbell,  UUchnst,  5imcoe  Co.,  O/ilutio. 


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594  THl';  I'RACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 

MANGE.   - 

No.  !.— Cart)o!ie  Acicl i  ounce. 

Sulphur I,'       " 

Water j  pint 

No.  2.— Sulphur li  pouii.l. 

Laril I         " 

Olive  Oil I  ounce. 

Wash  with  tar  soap  and  warm  water  ami  apply  Xo.  i;    the 

next  day  apply  Xo.  2;    the  third  day  wash  aKain  with  tar  soap 

and  warm  water  and  apply  Xo.  i,  and  so  on. 

.llnur  I..  Maland,  Rmh/ord,  Minnesota. 

2.  Mange,  or  Any  Skin  Trouble.— Also  good  for  dogs. 
—One  bottle  of  IJaljbitt's  Concentrated  Lye  dissolved  in  \'z 
gallon  of  water.  Adtl  4  pounds  of  Sulphur  and  stir  until  dis- 
solved. Put  contents  into  40  gallons  of  water  and  then  add  5 
ounces  of  Sulphuric  Acid.  Rub  animal  from  head  to  feet  with 
the  mixture.     It  will  cure  the  worst  case. 

//.  B.  CJtH/ry,  BIoo7Hington,  Indiana. 

NAIL  IN  FOOT.— Crush  j)each  leaves  and  moisten  slightly, 
pressor  inject  into  the  wound  the  juice  or  moisture  obtained, 
then  bind  on  to  wotmd  a  i^ultice  of  the  moist  crushed  leaves. 
This  is  the  be.-l  remedy  that  in  over  forty  years'  experience  as  a 
farmer  I  have  ever  known.  It  is  a  most  remarkable  remedy  for 
wounds,  swellings  and  malignant  sores  of  any  kind,  and  is  just 
as  good  for  use  on  man  as  beast.  It  is  also  a  remarkal)le  anti- 
septic. 

.S".  Alexander,  IVnmingham,  Michigan. 

NAIL  PUNCTURE.— Clean  out  the  puncture  at  once  and 
stand  the  foot  for  two  or  three  lumrs  in  a  strong  lye  made  of 
hardwood  ashes  and  hot  water.  Then  make  a  poultice  of  Indian 
meal  and  this  lye  and  apply  to  wound,  keeping  it  on  for  six  or 
eight  hours  and  changing  frequently  to  keep  poultice  as  hot  as 
possible.  The  lye  kills  the  poison  and  lockjaw  will  not  set  in. 
This  remedy  is  also  good  for  man. 

D.  //.  Clifton,  De  Cliff,  Ohio. 

NAIL  WOUNDS.— A  splendid  and  ncvey  failing  remedy 
is  a  liberal  application  of  Antiphlogistine  (found  at  any  drug 
store) .     Wash  off  and  repeat  as  the  occasion  may  demand. 

W.  A.  Langford,  Richmond,  Kentucky. 


PRACTICAL,  RKCIPES  FROM  FARMKRS      _c^ 

OVER  EATING,  WHEAT  OR  OTHER  GRAIN.- 

Olve  the  following. 

Common  or  Baking  Soda....    4  taUlespoonfuls. 

Ginger i  tablespoonful. 

Lukewarm  Water i  pint. 

Mix  and  give  as  a  drench  and  this  will 
ncutrali/.ethegas. 

Oae-half  an  hour  afterward  give: 

SaltpetL-r I  table-spoonful. 

Raw  Linseed  Oil i;i  pints. 

Dissolve  the  Saltpeter  in  hot  water,  mix  it 
with  the  oil  and  give  it  as  a  drench. 
If   the  horse   is   not   better,  treat   the   same   as  in  AcuTE 
INDIGKSTION,  only  do  not  Rive  any  water  to  drink  for  twenty 
hours.  (Jivriic  Campbell,  (Hit /nisi,  Siiiicor  Co.,  Ontario. 

PNEUMONIA,  OR  LUNG  FEVER.— Raw  whiskey 
with  soft  food  is  tht  most  effective  medicine.  If  the  horse  is 
cold,  give  him  a  quart  for  first  dose,  then  in  (juantities  to  keep 
warm.  Under  no  circumstances  feed  grain  to  a  horse  suffering 
with  this  disL'ase.  When  he  lies  tlown,  he  is  either  dead  or  im- 
proving. If  the  latter,  let  him  sleep  as  lung  as  he  will,  then  be 
very  carcfMl  about  feeding. 

W.  A.  La)igford,  Riihmcud ,  Kentucky. 

POLL  EVIL.— .^e;  remedy  for  Flsti'la  and  Pui.l  Evil. 
given  by  John  D.  Allen,   IVorthington,  Indiana. 

RINGBONE,  BUNCHES,  STIFF  JOINTS,  ETC., 
UNIMENT  TO  REMOVE.— 

Turpentine 4  ounces. 

Salt I  tablespoonful. 

Eggs,  whites  of %  ciozen. 

Shake  thoroughly  together  and  apply. 
W.  A.  East-wood,  Chesaning,  Michigan,  R.  h.  D.  2. 

SCRATCHES  — 

Vaseline i  ounce. 

Sugar  of  Lead I        " 

Carbolic  Acid 10  drops. 

Make  into  an  ointment. 
Cleanse  thoroughly  with  castile  soap  and  warm  soft  water, 
rob  gently  with  a  soft  cloth  until  dry,  then  apply  the  ointment. 

R.  H.  Rogers,  Hudson,  Michigan, 


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*>'/'  Iin;  I'RACTIC.M,  STOCK    DOCTOU 

2.  Scratches.— Give  the  liorse  each  day  enouuh  Kpsoi.i 
Salts  to  kcop  the  Ixjwcls  loose,  and  apply  the  following: 

Ni'tf'-'" 2  ounces. 

Copperas ^       •> 

Itluc  Vitriol 2       " 

Ahiui J       .1 

Ciller  Vim>;;ir ..  ^,iil,,ii 

Wanii  \iiitil  .lis>ol\tMl  ;ini|  nil>  in  well 

/./,,'/'  S/,->,ir/,y,  I'ninkliii.  /)  iiN.-j,\;i>n,i. 

3.  Scratches.  Wa-h  the  afTeetid  part  ckaii  with  slroti^' 
so.ipsuds  and  apply  fu  r!y  C.oiiibaidt  s  Caustic  iJalsain,  Have 
known  ihi.s  to  cure  when  all  oiIrt  rtiiicdu  s  liad  failt.<l. 

W.  .1.  /<!// 1,' /'(>/(/.  J\iihnh<iid,  h'ciitixkv. 

4.  Scratches.  'Hie  nt-st  r<  tnedy  I  have  found  for  Scratches 
is  to  clean  the  liorse's  Icrs  thoroughly,  ruh  dry.  tlan  apj.ly  White 
I,ea<l  softened  hy  mining  with  I.insced  Oil.  Aj.ply  each  ni-ht 
until  c'.irul. 

James  M.  Ross,  Fulrinonnt,   Wcsl  I'iri^inia,  K.  /•".  />.  ,^ 

5.  Scratches  and  Grease  Heel. 

Apple  ViiKg.ir ,  ,,„,,rt 

'-'"^■'"•Ke I  oiMUes. 

Put  in  a  pot,  simmer  tc  one  pint,  strain  and  let  cool.  Wash 
the  affected  part  with  ca.stile  soap  and  warm  water,  dry  and  apply 
the  liquid  cold,  either  with  a  soft  hrtish  or  cloth.  Keep  the 
animal  in  a  dry  place. 

Kohnt  ]■:.  Chainbcrs,  Spcncfr,  Indiana,  R.  /•".  D.  i. 

6.  Scratches,    Grease,    Wounds    and    Bruises.— The 

following  is  a  remedy  I  have  used  for  a  Ioiir  time  and  have 
found  to  be  ati  excellent  thing  for  healing  all  kinds  of  wounds 
and  bruises  where  the  skin  is  broken.  Also  where  the  skin  is 
irritated,  such  as  scratches,  grease,  etc.  The  men  working  for 
me  often  use  it  for  chapped  or  cracked  hands  in  the  fall  and 
spring. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc i  ounce. 

Sugar  of  Lead i       ■< 

Ahini,  pulveri/c(l i       •■ 

Add  enough  water  to  make  i  ^i   quarts,  shake  thoroughly, 
apply   to  parts   affected  with   a  soft   sponge  or  cloth.     If   for 


PRACTICAL   I-ti:CII'i;S  1  ROM   I  ARMKRS  ("j; 

scratches,  wash  first  with  warm  water  aiul  white  castile  soap 
ami  apply  morning  ami  niylit  till  cracks  heal  an'l  the  soniass  is 

SHOULDERS  OF  HORSES,  LUMPS  ON,  CAUSED 
BY  COLLARS.— 

Biai"diile  of  Mercury i  <lr:irliui. 

Lard i  f>iinre. 

Mix  and  nib  a  liltle  on  liard  liiiium  oiirt- 
every  ten  dR\ «!  till  they  disappcrir. 
Wxfter  WIntfieM,  Sr. ,  routine,  Midv^^an,  R.  F.  D.  6. 

Shoulders,  Sore.-  See  that  the  collar  fits  well  and  keep  it 
perfectly  clean.  Bathe  the  shoulders  three  times  a  day  with  cold 
water  and  lots  of  salt,  and  apply  to  the  raw  surface  a  lotion 
composed  of  the  following: 

Sulphate  < if  7.\nc I  oniire. 

Acetate  of  Lead i       " 

Carbolic  Acid i  dnichin, 

V.'ater,  soft i  pint. 

Shake  well  toi'ttlier. 

/.  A'liinii,  Palmnstoti,  0/  Canada. 

Shoulders,  Swelling  of.— 

Suf^ar  of  Lend  (sulution) I  pint. 

Arnica 4  ounces. 

Apply  once  a  day  for  three  days  in  succession,  then  stop  for 
three  days,  then  reix;at  the  process  again  and  so  on  until  the 
swelling  has  left.  To  obtain  the  be.st  results  the  horse  should  be 
given  an  absxjlute  rest  during  the  time  it  is  treated. 

Viilentiuf  Thoeny,  Tell,   IVisconsift. 

SORES,  OLD  OR  FISTULOUS.- Pyroligneous  Acid. 
Reduce  with  equal  parts  of  water. 

I  used  this  remedy  on  a  horse  that  had  a  bad  sore  on  his 
neck  or  .shoulder.  I  first  cleansed  it  with  Castile  soap  and  soft 
water  and  then  applied  the  remedy  as  a  wash,  using  a  syringe  so 
as  to  reach  all  parts  of  the  sore.  The  sore  finally  healed  up  in 
fine  shajie,  after  using  other  remedies  and  being  out  of  the  use  of 
the  horse  for  about  thiee  months. 

Note.— It  is  important  with  sores  like  the  above  that  they  be 
allowed  to  diai'i  well  and  not  have  a  :>ae  that  holds  the  Piuids  arid 
prevents  drainage.         A.  B.  Brmvn,  Alexandra,  South  Dakota. 


(,i,H  Till.   I'kACTFcWI,  STOCK   DoCPOR 

Sores,  on  Neck,  Back,  Shoulders,  Etc.  Seouuudy  in: 
Warl'^  K'^*-"  !'>■  ''     ''     I'^ittl' ,  Murlin,  Tcmi/.v. 

SPAVIN.  - 

Corro.sivo  Kiil)liin.itc a  ilrsi-limn. 

\^V(\  I    (illlUf. 

Tar  /i       " 

CfiiitliaHili  V  2  (Irailiiiis. 

This  l)li-tiT  sluulii  ho  thoroughly  nibhul  in  with  the  hand 
for  ah'iiit  tui  iiiiiititcs.  Twenty  four  hours  aflcrwunl  apply  a 
little  oil  or  vaseline,  ;'nd  rciH-at  night  and  moruinK  until  the 
blistiT  heals.  luirHiy Jost,  .Uiiia,   U'isrjfisin. 

2.  Spavin,  Curb,  Bunches,  Sweeny,  Lameness,  Etc.— 

Use  C.onibaull's  Caustic  I'.alsam  in  the  following  manner:  Rub 
the  flesh  bribk.y  wit'i  a  coarse  towel  to  cause  irritation,  then 
ajjjily  tlie  Caustic  IJalsam  in  small  (luantities,  rubbing  it  in  with 
the  hand  \ery  thorouglil>  until  the  llesh  l)fconies  tender.  In 
twenty-four  hours  ajiply  more  lialsam,  but  without  much 
rubbinj^.  Tbo  best  time  to  make  these  applications  is  in  the 
evening  when  a  piece  of  flannel  can  be  put  over  the  alTected 
part  and  allowed  to  remain  tuuil  morning.  After  the  second 
application  Itave  entirely  alone  for  the  next  five  days,  then 
repeat  tlie  same  Ireatuitnt  and  thereafter  at  intervals  of  five  days 
imlil  you  feel  that  the  cure  is  complete. 

Aimer  /..  Muhuid,  Rush  ford,  Minnesota. 

3.  Spavin,  Splints,  Ringbone,  Enlargement  of  Glands* 
Blister  for. 

I,ar<l I  pound. 

Turpentine 4  ounces. 

I'ow'krt-il  I'Ue^i  (Cantliarides) 3        " 

liiniix'ide  of  Mt-rriiry 6  ilraolitns. 

i1/;  r  tlu)r>)\r-;lily  together  ami  apply.     Ileal 
r.iw  s\irr;u  c  with  oil  of  vaseline. 

Jl.n/lty  Josf,  Alvia,    Wisavisi/t. 

4.  Spavin,  Ringbone,  Bog  Spavin,  Wind  Galls.— 

Cantharirl.js 2  ounces. 

M«rcurial  <  )iiiUiient 4  " 

Tinctnro  of  Iodine 3  " 

Turpentine 4  " 

Corrosive  Sublimate 5  drachms. 

I,ard   I 'j  pounds. 

Afi  <-  the  other  ingredients  thoroughly  into 
the  lard. 


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PRACTICAL  RECin-S  I'KOM  I-ARMKRS  699 

For  Riiiglxine  or  Pone  Spavin  cut  off  the  liair  from  the  part 

affected,  anoint  the  Imnp  with  the  ointment  and  rub  in  well  with 

the  hanil.     In  two  days  grease  with  lard,  and  in  two  days  wash 

off  with  soap  and  warm  water  and  again  apply  the  ointment  and 

repeat  as  lH.forc. 

G.  A'.  Paddford,  I/(t.-~/iiii;s,  Michigan. 

5.  Spavin,  Bone. — Take  soft  soap,  salt  and  Turpentine  and 
mix  together  to  make  a  soft  salve.  Apply  three  days,  then  leave 
off  three  days,  but  rub  gently  each  day;  then  apply  six  days; 
rub  gently  again  until  a  yellow  matter  oozes  out,  then  apply  once 
in  two  or  three  days  as  long  as  swelling  lasts. 

W.  .1.  r.asluood,  C/icsai:i!>^;.  !\nchi':,un,  R.  F.  D.  2. 

6.  Spavin,  Bone. — A  few  years  ago,  while  living  in  south- 
ern Minnesota,  I  became  acquainted  with  3  prominent  veterinary 
surgeon  who  was  very  successful  in  removing  spavins.  The 
remedy  became  so  popular  that  hundreds  of  farmers  paid  $2.50 
for  the  recipe.  Having  a  valual)k  horse  that  "went  lame,"  I 
called  the  doctor  and  he  informed  me  th2  trouble  was  due  to  a 
spavin.      Following  is  the  recijx.',  wliich  I  fised  with  success: 

Iodine  Crystals ...  •  ?ok1'""s. 

Iodide  of  roUish 20 

Canth.iridi-:,  ]>(>\vdfr<.Ml 4"'       " 

Corrosive  Siililiinale i  drachm. 

Red  Iodide  of  Meniiry 2  driu-hiiis. 

Vaseline,  add  to .' I  ounce. 

Dissolve  the  Iodide  of  Potash  in  a  few  drops  of  water  ( 10  ot 
.5),  add  the  Iodine  Crystals,  which  will  readily  dissolve,  and 
mix  this  with  tlie  Vaseline.  Then  add  the  Corrosive  Sublimate 
and  the  Red  Iodide  of  Mercury,  mix  thoroughly  and  add  tlie 
powdered  Cantharides.  The  prescription  should  be  prepared  in 
a  porcelain  or  glass  vessel.  The  mortar  used  by  druggists  is  con- 
venient, or  a  flat  piece  of  glass,  as  a  wiutkjw  pane,  may  be  used. 
In  the  last  case  make  a  wooden  knife  with  a  broad,  flat  blade, 
break  down  the  lumps  of  Iodide  of  Potash  in  tlie  water,  add  to 
the  \'aseline.  add  the  other  ingredients  as  descrilied  and  mix 
thoroughly.  In  mixing  in  iron  or  any  metal  the  met.al  will  unite 
wi ill  the  Iodine  Crystals,  the  Corrosive  Sublimate  and  the  Red 
Iodide  of  Mercury. 

Uuw  to  Apply. — First  wash  the  spavin  with  warm  water  and 
roap,   thoroughly,  then  clip  the  hair  close  <nei   llic  ^paviu  aud 


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700 TlIIv  PR  ACTIO  AT.  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 

api)ly  the  romeily.niliMiig  it  in  for  five  liiniitcsor  more.  Makea 
Scooiul  ai)])licalion  the  fccniul  or  third  tlay,  first  washing  the  sur- 
face perfectly  diaii  with  soap  and  warm  water.  Thr;  e  applica- 
tions are  U^nally  enough,  ahhongh  cat  li  spavin  ninst  be  treated 
according  to  its  iict-ds.  Tl:c  remedy  will  destroy  the  growth,  and 
when  it  has  all,  or  nearly  all,  disappeared,  wash  clean  and  apply 
Sweet  I )il  once  or  twice  a  day  mitil  the  surface  heals  After  the 
first  application  the  le.i,'  will  lie  quite  sore  and  it  will  require 
patience  in  the  further  treatment. 

S./.    U'llion,  M.  Z>.,  .V,V  High  St.  ff'.,  Drtroit,  Mkhi^^an. 

Dr.  WiKson  is  one  of  the  most  relinlile  plivsici.'^ns  in  Detroit.  He  sris  he  knows  of  3', 
or  .-cases  where  tlu-i  remedy  lias  ciite.l  bon.-  s,,avin,  anil  he  al.  .ohil.'lv  ruaniiitris  tlua 
recipe  if  nseil  .IS  msiructt.l      rill, lishtr>. 

SPLINTS.-  ;  have  found  that  the  Tincture  of  Iodine 
applied  daily  f.ir  f<.ui  or  six  weeks  will  in  some  cases  remove 
splints. 

Ehncr  C.   Wood,  i\[t.  Gilcad,  Ohio. 

SPRAIN.  — Bandage  with  salt  and  vinegar  as  warm  as  the 
horse  will  stand  it. 

/.    Woodard,  New  Comenloun,  Ohio. 

SWEENY,  OR  CURB.— Or  for  any  hard  lump  the  fol- 
lowing liniment  is  good; 
Sweet  Oil. 
Caiitharides. 
Hartshorn. 
OriRinuni. 
Catlipllor,  eqii.il  jiarls  <if  f^ch 

/.  Ili:  !<,  Liberty,  Indiana. 

2.  Sweeny. — 

Carhonate  Oi  .Atnmoni.T i  ounce. 

Gum  Camphor i        " 

Tiirpfiitiiie f,  pint. 

Alcohol 2j      " 

Applylhree  times iT.-iily,  nihliiii),'  thoroiiKhl;-, 
tlien  .skip  thite  days.  Repeat  'hree  times, 
aft  •  which  grease.  T'.is  is  f^'ood  liniment  for 
.sprains  or  bruises. 

A'.  //.  Rogers,  Hudson,  Michigan. 

3.  Sweeny,  Fistula,  or  any  Enlargments  or  Sprains.  — 
I  consider  Gombault's  Caustic  B.ilsain  the  best  remedy  I  have 
ever  used.  C  Ji.  Keys,  Richhmd  Center,   Wisconsin. 


I'RACTICAL   KI'.CIIM.S  J-ROM  I'ARMHRS 701 

4.   Sweeny  Liniment.— 

Spike,  Oil  of  I  ounce. 

Amber,  Oil  of ^ 

Worniwooil.  Oil  of 1 

Origanum,  f>il  of 1 

Spirits  of  Turpentine i 

Hartshorn ' 

Alcobol 'A  l''"t- 

/.  ]V.  Iliggs,  Sili-cr  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 

THOROUGH-PIN.— See  remedy  for  Bog  Spavin  given  by 
/.  Kcanis,  Palmoslon,  Outano,  Canada. 

THRUSH.— Clean  the  foot  out  clean,  then  pour  the  Kssence 
of  Salt  (Muriatic  Acid)  iu  around  the  frog  and  hold  the  foot  up 
until  it  quits  boiling.     Do  this  once  every  three  days  until  it  is 

J.  Daiis,  Liberty,  bidiana. 

2.   Thrush.— To  be  applied  externally: 

(a)  Carbolic  .Xci.l 'A  ounce. 

Spirits  of  Nitre 3  ounces. 

SweotOil 2        ' 

Verdigris 4  'Irachms. 

nritish  Oil 3  ounces. 

The  alx)ve  should  be  compounded  by  a  druggist  as  the 
combination  is  explosive. 

To  be  given  internally: 

(6)  Cream  of  TarUr 3  ounces. 

Nitrate  of  Totasb 3 

Poilopbyllin a 

Ginger ' 

Sulpbate  of  Iron. 2 

Fenugreek '  ounce. 

Apply  "a"  once  a  day  for  three  days;  give  "^"  twice  a  day 
for  three  days.     Repeat  till  cured.     I  have  found  this  good  for 

Scratches  also.  v    r;  r^    . 

D.  TerBusk,  Lcnton,  Muhigan,  R.  F.  D.  f. 

3.  Thrush  in  Horses  or  Cattle.  Use  equal  parts  of  lard, 
pine  tar  and  Blue  Vitriol.  Pulverize  the  Vitriol,  warm  the  lard 
and  mis  all  together.    Clean  out  .ill  decayed  parts  and  dirt  and 


H  w-  ■'* 


H    '      ! 


'wihi 


r^2 Tin-,   PRAC'IICAI,  STOCK-  I^OCTOR 

ipi-ly  once  a  .by  for  .1  week.  iH.lknv  with  applications  of 
common  silt.  If  „o  betUr  in  luo  ucck.,  use-  the  first  another 
week  and  fi)l!o\v  with  salt  as  l)i"fore. 

iri/f/am  .1.  Ifale^  .hiaiiiosa,  Iowa. 

THROAT,  SWELLING  IN,  TO  REDUCE.- 

I."li.lc<,f  l'..t,,.s:.iuui 4  <l'aclija3. 

Oil  of  IKmlock 2  outlets. 

TiirjKiitinc ,        o 

Oil  t^tdiie  (liijiii,]) 2 

\Vor.Tiw.,o,l ,  ,„„„,^. 

Mix  ;in  with  Aleolio'i,  Soiinc<..->;  a-l.l  Tmcturt 
of  C.in!'nrii!es,  2  oimk  e-;. 

Rub  swelhn-  thoronglily  with  this  lotion.  leave  it  on  foi 
!hrec  or  fonr  days  or  even  a  week,  then  grea.se  for  a  day  or  two. 
If  the  swelliiiK  is  n..t  reduced  snfllciemly,  wash  off  grea.se  .  ' 
*pply  the  blister  again.      Repeat  until  cured. 

D.   ."ctlittsh,  J-\i:ton.  M'uhigan,  A'.  /<".  /).  ^. 

URINE,  RETENTION  OF.-lM.r  stoppage  of  water    , 
tablesiKx.nful  of  T.iriKutine  to  6  t.ihlesp.KjnfnIsof  warm  water  on 
the  small  of  tlie  b.ick.     Tlds  remedy  has  never  failed  with  us. 
^-  ^-  "-^  C.  B.  Cook,  Cazfnovia,  jVt-j  York. 

2.  Urine,  Retention  of.  When  horse  cannot  p.-Ls.^  urine 
give  Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre,  i  ounce,  and  increase,  if  not 
relieved,  to  i  ><  ounces  mixed  with  i  drachm  Can'tharides 
(Spanisli  Fly.)  Give  every  half  liour  until  relieved.  Rub  back 
with  Camphor  or  a  mixture  of  mustard  and  ginger. 

.Umcr  /..  Mahnd,  Rw^hfard,  Minnesota. 

3-  Urine,  Retention  of.-To  relieve  a  mare  of  her  water 
insert  half  ut  an  onion,  a  small  lump  „f  salt  or  a  little  pep,ier  in 
the  vagu!.-.  at  the  ends  of  your  fingers  as  far  as  possible  Tliis 
done  at  fi.st  will  ,]raw  her  water  in  ten  minutes.  This  does  not 
cure  the  animal  but  simply  relieves  her.  Follow  with  n-ixture 
No.  i^ or  wuh  .nixture  No.  2,  if  it  is  Umught  to  be  wind  colic. 
t^eeCohc  remedies  Nos.  ,3  and  14  over  Mr.  Hales  name.) 
Blanket  well  if  cold  weather. 

lA/m.  A    Ifale,  Anamcsa,  Ig-^a. 


PRACTICAI,  RKCIPKv^  FROM  I<.\RMKRB  70.^ 

WARTS. — There  are  two  kinds  of  warts — the  cancer  or 
bloody,  and  the  dry  or  seed  wart.  Should  it  be  the  dry  or  seed 
wart,  make  the  enter  surface  raw  with  a  knife  and  then  apply 
the  following: 

Coppeias ^  ounce. 

CaloHKl Yi       " 

Alum Vt       " 

In  preparing  his,  grind  the  Calomel  and  Copperas  together, 
burn  the  Alum,  mix  all  together  and  apply  dry  to  the  raw  sur- 
face as  often  as  the  scab  sloughs  off  until  cured.  This  is  a  good 
remedy  for  sore  necks,  backs,  shoulders,  etc. ,  also  for  destroying 

proud  flesh. 

F.  E.  Battle,  Marlin,  Texas. 

WIRE  CUTS. — The  free  and  frequent  use  of  common  coai 
oil  will  heal  up  a  wire  cut  as  rapidly  and  perfectly  as  any  liniment 
I  have  ever  used  or  any  preparation  prepared  by  a  veterinary 

surgeon. 

J.  P.  Strc/e,   Win  terse/,  Iowa. 

2.  Wire  Cuts  and  Bruises,  Salve  for.— 

Lard  (fried  out  of  old  pork) '/i  pint. 

Pine  Tar 'A     " 

Mix  and  apply  freelv  to  sores.  It  will  keep 
off  the  flies,  heal  up  the  wound  ciuickly  and 
leave  no  scar. 

Rr)iest  Ihine,  F.lhndak,  North  Dakota. 

3.  Wire  Cut,  or  Any  Paw  Sore.  Take  equal  parts  of 
Ammonia,  pure  cider  vinegar,  eggs  and  Turpentine.  Shake 
well,  let  stand  twelve  hours  and  apply  with  syringe  twice  a  day. 
Will  keep  sore  clean  and  heal  it  rapidly  from  the  bottom. 

\V.  I.  Reynolds,  Pipestone,  Mifinesota. 

4.  Wire  Cuts.or  Flesh  Wounds.— Pulp  onions  and  boil  in 
clean,  sweet  lard.  Get  as  strong  of  onion  flavor  as  po.ssible. 
Strain  and  keep  clean.  Apply  on  fresh  wire  cuts  or  flesh  wounds 
once  a  day.  It  will  cleanse  the  wound  and  prevent  calloused 
edges,  which  are  so  common  in  wire  cuts.     I  have  found  this  an 

infallible  remedy. 

A.  L.  Stutztnan.  New  Sharoji,  Iowa. 


^■1 

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y..^  Tin;  rRAcricAi,  smcK  inicroR 

WORMS.  -  Mix  a  handful  of  strong  finc-cut  tobaci^i  with 
the  orits  or  brail  once  a  day  for  a  week.  Hoiiic-Ki'''wn  tohacco 
dried  and  pulverized  is  the  bcbt. 

/).  F.  Pihc,  I.iihn,  Ohio. 

2.  Worms.— 

Siillili.iteof  Iron I  driichiu. 

Tartar  Ijuctic I         " 

Linseed  Meal 2  drachms. 

Mix  ai!     tfive  as  one  dose. 

Give  this  dose  twice  ilaily  for  one  week  and  then  give  as 

follows: 

Spirits  of  TurjH-'ntine i  ounce. 

Linseed  Oil,  raw i  pint. 

Mix  and  j^ive  a.;  one  (Iksc. 

A.  li.  Ihown,  AliMindria,  South  Dukola. 

3.  Worms  in  Horses,  Long  Round.     Give: 

Spirits  of  Turpentine l  onncc 

K aw  Linseed  Oil Vi   pint. 

I  also  give  a  teaspoonful  Sulphate  of  Iron  in  the  feed  twice  a 
day.  If  a  horse  is  fed  4  (iuarts  raw  j)otatoes  twice  a  week  they 
will  kill  hots  or  worms.  vSalt  and  hardwood  ashes  mixed  in 
equal  parts,  and  about  2  tablespoonfuls  given  in  their  oats  or 
soft  feed  is  also  very  j^ooa. 

George  CamtibcU,  GilcJniit,  Simcoc  Co.,  Ontario. 

WOUNDS  OR  CUTS,  APPLICATION  FOR.— 

Alcohol I  pint. 

Cainpiior I  ounce. 

Saltpeter 1        " 

Gum  (.niacuiii i       " 

John  Oatudv,  Crcen  Ridge,  Manitoba,  Canada. 
2.  Wounds,  Fresh.— 

Lard I  pound. 

Rosin U 

Kk'Rs,  white  of r 

Heat  the  lard   and  rosin   and  when   nearly 
cold  add  the  ej;>;s. 

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RrMnD''H3  roR  cattlc 


TO  TVEF.P  CATTj-I:  in  HSAL7H.-  ;v;.e   i  ./--..r^r.^ 
t-i/.o:  •>  „j'ui  <jf  l-'ii  i.ubnci  ■> '"■•V'.'v;  a  ■•.-■'1;  vi-  ..h;.ul  ^   .iTi. 

Ai'itr.'/;.  (".:./;/. -'■.ri,  Sj^fna-r,  Indatna,  K.  /■.  I>.  i. 

'.:)./;    rC/.VLilR.— The   following    is   a   \LTy   gnod   cow 

touic:  , 

Saltpeter *  I'''"- 

Covi.Lras 3  P^-^rlS- 

R^sin -1 

Suljihui 5 

Wood  S<).)t <> 

jV;'i- thonniKWy  ami  K'-^e   i    t!iM<:--.pOL)iilul  a 
day. 

Iluam  Ctakam,  Frankii>i,  /Vtnnu'riuna.  R.i-.D.  i. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION.— When   a  cow 

<a  ;tcer  .yets  r^ick  and  b^^ins  V^  Ic-e  !l. -Ii,  L-xarnine  the  tail,  and  if 
at  the  uul  of  the  tail  l)oiie  it  sceui:-  huUow  or  llabby,  split  the 
hollow  aud  fdl  with  coiumou  salt,  tlieii  wrap  with  a  rag  saturated 
with  Turpentine.     Thi>  will  be  all  the  attention  necessary. 

If  sick  from  overeating  or  eating  frozen  corn  or  damaged 
food,  give  one  quart  Caetor  (Ml. 

\V.  A.  Langjcrd,  Kiihmoinl,  Keittmky. 

SUGGESTION  FOR  CARE  OF.     [  think  cattle  do  best 

when  turned  out  and  have  as  many  ditTercnt  kmd.s  of  rough  feed 

as  it  is  handy  to  give  them.     Keep  the  consumptives  out  of  your 

cattle,  also  the  lump  jaws. 

5.   W.  Po'dill,  Polo,  Illinois. 

ABORTION,  TO  PREVENT.  Take  i  ounce  of  piue 
Carbolic  Acid  and  mix  thoroughly  w.lh  i  gallon  of  salt.  For 
fifteen  cows  feed  this  amornt  every  <"our  weeks;  for  a  less  number, 
feed  in  proportion. 

For  Contagious  Abortion  separate  each  cow  tliat  has 
aborted  frcin  the  herd  and  treat  in  the  following  manr.er:  One 
each  cow  lo  drops  of  pure  Carbolic  Acid  diluted  in  3  pints  01  water 

48 


41 

1 

! 

1 

70'^  THr-   I  UACTICAL  ;-T()CK   iKK'TOk 

spri„kl..i  i„  KrouM.i  feci,  a  <!ay  for  two  weeks:  then  skip  a  week 
hen  rei^at  the  treatment  for  two  weeks  a.aM..  continuing  thi; 
for  two  n.onlhs  and  gradually  increasing  th.  d,..e  to  14  drops 
Also  obtain  a  Jx)ttle  of  Lysol,  an<i  for  each  cw  take  r  ounce 

U  e  solnt  '',  '  ''T"  "'"'""'  "■''"•  ""■"  "--Kl'ly  and  inject 
tJ.t  solnt  ,.n  wuh  asyrniKe  <  ' _.  pint  metal  i>  ih,  best)  into  the 
vagina  of  each,  three  tin.es  a  week  for  three  months. 

T.  M.  Scott,    While  net,  loua.  A'.  F.  D.  I. 

STR^^Ams^HAlfn^";   ''''  REMOVE-   WHEN   COW 

STRAINS  HARD.-^I.asten  annual  betueen  two  planks  or  wails 
to  prevent  jumping  sideways  and  tie  up  short.     luHer  vagina  with 
ok.d  hand,  follow  afterbirth  carefully  mto  won.b  and  lo'sen  sam 
along  the  walls  of  tlie  latter. 

to  .  L^'''  T  ''"!r  'f  ''"'"  *••'•'*'■  «'^  ^'  '  '"'^■■^  Linseed  Oil  , 
to  3  timu,  a  day  and  afterbirth  will  come  I„ose  in  a  short  time. 

Enu-st  Ildnc,  Ellcndalc,  North  Dakota 

h.r  •  ^^T'''\'  .^"'^"*'°"  °f  'he.-To  a  cow  that  does  not  clean 
he  self  after  calvmg  I  give  a  tablespoonful  of  Saltpeter  three  t.mes 
a  <iay.     1  his  is  a  certain  cure. 

/.  M.  Ifinnc,   U'illiamstoiL'n,  Keniztchy. 

BLACK  LEG.  TO  PREVENT.  -I  have  for  many  years 
"■«1  the  fn  lowing  remedy  as  a  preventive  of  P.Iack  Leg  amonK 
young  ca  tie.  and  wheal  have  used  it  regularly  have  n'^h  5 
a  case  of  the  disease.  I  am  confident  that  it  is  a  preventive  if 
tised  for  twoor  three  weeks  before  the  disease  would    n  uTallv 

Sulphur ,„  , 

,,    '  10  pounds. 

Coppera.s g 

Saltpeter 

Lime,  air-slacked ,         ., 

Puhcri/e  and  nii.K  an.l  use  in  the  salt  fro-iKh 
in  the  proportion  of  one  to  ':our,  ot  not  to  ex- 
ceed one  to  three. 

r       D      <rj.     J  T  r  .        .  . 


! 


I'UAcricAi.  Ki'Ciri'S  J-Rr..\i  l•A.^^Il;k;s        707 

2.  Black  Leg,  to  Prevent.   - 

CopiK-ras ,   ;.,.nr.l 

S-'iltixtir I  •• 

I.itiic,  nir  >l.itkiil i 

Sulphur 2  i.uhkIk.. 

/shts,  from.li;i.  '.  »oimI ^        " 

Afi X  with  21)  pounds  <if  niiiiiiMii  s.ilt  .iinl  use 

same  M  coininon  silt,  kctpiiij;  it  bcfurc   the 
cattle  fill  the  titin-. 

In  thirty  years'  use  I  Iiavo  ikvct  !iad  a  case  of  lilack  Lep. 
h'/in  .S(//<'tn/'tri;rr,  Jia:>t  I'mi,  loti-a. 

3.  Black  Leg.— Put  small  H-acniifnl  of  salts  and  Jj  teacup- 
'ti!  of  common  salt  into  a  (inartof  water.  Shake  until  thoroughly 
dissolved  and  ^i^e  to  auini.il  as  soon  as  found.  KejKat  in  about 
four  or  five  hours.  If  animal  is  still  alive  in  the  morning,  give 
tv.  ice  a  day  for  two  days. 

It  is  a  connnon  I)elief  among  people  that  there  is  no  help  for 
an  animal  that  has  an  attae!:  of  Black  Leg,  and  perhaps  that  is 
so.  I  have  lost  a  good  many  cattle  by  this  disease,  and  never 
liad  one  recover  after  it  was  attacked  until  I  ii^ed  the  above 
simple  remedy.     I  have  saved  about  fifty  per  cci.  since  using  it. 

6.  D.  Fositr,  J\i//ii/ls/r,  r,  Oklahoma. 

BLOATING.-  Use  tnicar  if  pos.si!)Ie.  If  sanie  is  not  at 
nand,  use  small-l)ladt J  knife  and  tap  the  paunch  haif  way  be- 
tween the  last  rib  and  tlie  hip  l)one.  Enter  an  oju n  j;()o.,c  quil! 
or  clean  pipe  stem  into  cut  and  kt  g.as  escaix-.  When  (Lhtii  to 
usual  .si.'e,  remove  qnill,  a,  jily  a  salve  of  Tur{)entiiie  and  lard 
(ecjual  parts}  to  wound  and  k-ave  alone. 

/■:>'!,  <l  Ifii lie,  /■'./!(  )u/aif.  No>/!i  J\ikota. 

2.  Bloating.-  When  rattle  are  sick  and  bloat,  give  Cam- 
phor, 2  tablcsiHionfnls  to  a  dose,  mixed  with  water  about  i  pint. 
Dose  may  be  repeated  in  half  liour  if  neces.sary.  Seldom  have  ta 
gi\e  more  than  two  doses.     Relieves  at  once. 

Ilannoii  Rossman,  l.akc.icic,  Michigan. 

3.  Bloating,  or  Colic— One  quart  buttermilk,  i  tablespoon 
ml  soda.  Put  soda  in  when  ready  to  drench.  Shake  the  bottle 
pull  the  cork  and  drench  at  once. 

liOucri  c.  i^namocrs ,  Sj'i  me r ,  I>iiiiaua,  A\  f.  £},  /, 


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708  Till-  T'lACTkAl,  .-iT-»CK  DOCTOR 

4.  Bluatine:.  I'lilur  fu  thr  niiitiiiil  up  or  t;ct  it  iiito  Nomc 
enclo^iuc  uliLTi;  iJ  (.aiiiu't  Ktl  .ivvav  tti  ui  \'-.i  1  hI  |i<iiii  <iiltl  VMil'.r 
oil  l>i' k  ■r  "U -,  v>lui.  b!'>:it  i.  shown.  Coiiliime  tliis  j)onri:iK 
ot  vsittr  for  lifuiii  01  iwiitt.  iiiiiiii'.es  if  luiil  li..-.  I  lia\i-  IkkI  a 
Kood  111, HIV  cM-ii-^  of  liliMtiiij4  ,ukI  never  t  iikd  with  tlii:.  i>iiu(ly 
hut  once,   tlitu  1  uv.A  .1  IrotMr. 

/',/wi/'/   Wi/kni,  Sfyc'uir ^ilii' ,  Ohio. 

5.  Bloatinpr. 

Sal  Aniiii  III  I.  1  il'.icliiu 

\Vhi^l.>  y  -  U  r-ini. 

W;:tir        .  ...     I  •  lilt. 

Crivi  :»5  <iiii.    ,'!'•■.     If  M'.l  lelii-vcd  '  -  's  II  'IB 
hour,  rtjrt-.it  the  ilo-t. 

li.i.ll.y  j:  '    .  .    ..  \    i\r"iz. ?:..;..% 

().  Bloating^  in  Cattle.  Takv  a  roi-.!!a  ;  .-;  c*  w^o'  .  ';  .- 
2]'  to  ^  111.  h'.->  ni  lii.ini' ttr.  niicl  1  .-■  i  cVer  ii  1?:  j;th.  Tut  .1"  i 
Rag  cross wi^i-:  in  tlic  .uiim.il's  nii'"i.i  ,  ni  i,.c  i'l'i  .",:;  1  iciv;  Uutii 
the  gases  cscajXi. 

Jsiii.i  \r/ii/d,  C/.i-'/\.i.,  «.. .' ;'-Vi  C^v ,  L'.I.z.'.i. 

7.  Bloating,  f.ivc  '  j>int  ar.,:;:  O'l  hcrtr".  ir.-.-r.r>.ed.  Cf 
course  I'lL  .i.iim.il  v.  li)  'lot  cm!  ihcni  ur^  1  !.:.'.'.>'  iiuvt  tD  'jt  t'zrced 
down   the  throat. 

Tuis  remtdy  was  ;^iv(  n  Tn;.'  K\- nn    lo  ;•■."-'  *""  '"■'■r  ''"V  T!':n 
callini;  nl  n'v  liUiiic.     Slmrliv  afur  I   \\:.'.  '.'W  :.r\'.\\..\  \\'.\h  u  i     I 
ca>'.' of  hloul  a'ld   trit.-d  the  aixnc   wit'.i   ^.j.-f.-l  .:uc:..-.-,  >......;'_".. 

relief  being  ii..d  in  fiftteii  luiniu-.  s. 

./.  /;    /  ■,^>  .-,    /•.•'--/.:•■,    .'%.'>..;,. 

8,  Bloatrnp'.  —  r.f'.si  wek  one  of  my  cows  pot  the  bloat  •- 
ate  too  many  c  Ad  ■not  fro-cn")  piiti  ;->!;in'^.  ]"!rentheu  sn  liard 
conW  he  Lean!  rods  nway.  T  took  2'.'  otnicesof  bnkinpj  sc-d,i  and 
■nixed  it  into  a  hall  with  wljc.it  finur  and  a  little  vnttr.  pnt  it 
.'own  her  thror:*,  nnd  m  two  hours  sh'  wa-over  it  and  €-nt''an- hay. 

D.  /'.  Pi/ie,  LtsOot!,  Ohio, 


Cf 


PRACT""AL    Ri:Ciri;S  I'UOM   ^•AkMr^RS  70Q 

9     Bloating. — For  bloatim-    u  titlli;  I  give: 

Oouiliiim  fc    1.1 J  "r  s  t.ililt  ^|«Hinfu!s. 

CiDKrr «  l.'.til.  -ii-iiiinil 

I  al-^)  put  a  wix>dcn  k^^  wilh  a  hok-  iti  flic  mit!dk'  of  it  in  the 
U-ast's  iiuiiith  .mil  Icuvt;  it  ni  f'-r  linit  an  hour.  If  the  liloatiiii; 
docs  not  subside-,  I  rcninvc  ihc  ).;a;.;  and  givt-  the  foUuuing . 

tipifits  Tiitju-'ilint;    2  oiUA-fs. 

Cdiuiiiou    t-  1 1  I         »  til)!<-.i«x>ii(u!s 

Uiw  Linsctil  Oil I  I'ii't 

/I/;  r  iin-l  .him:  as  a  ilr.-iiili,  ami  rejil.ice  the 
giij;  a>;aiu,  ri'iH-itiiii;  rtiiifly  c,  <.rythri.ch')\irs. 

If  tlu'  cast  IS  wry  hail,  1  pumturc  and  let  off  the  c,?3.  If 
cattle  bloat  fri,iu  eating  too  ninch  grain,  treat  them  I'.iv  ;ai:)c,  jr.ly 
do  nut  kl  tliein  have  \v;iicr  to  dunk  for  twenty  h<;u:.s 

(iiO.  Ciiiif'h.ll,   (lilihii^l,  Sinuoe,  (\i  ,  0:tfath> 

10.  Bloatinjr,  Clover.  -St  uul  the  1x.ast  with  front  feet  on 
higher  ground  than  hiuil  feet.  Also  tie  stick  in  mouth  and  run 
the  anin..i!. 

To  prevent  t'onbK.  ktip-alt  befoie  cattle  at  all  times  and 
have  plent\   <.f  guud  fresh  watrr. 

I/'.  A'.  Sa/l't-nj,  Pilbfufd,  Illinois. 

CAKED  UDDFR.- When  cow  raUts  and  her  udder  be- 

ronics  ciked,   tlie  fo'.l.jwii.g  i->  ,1    ...y  (inick  aiui  sure  remedy: 

Ivpial  parts  of  tuutton  tallow,  beeswa.x  and  ro>in.      M.-lt  together 

and   add  a  little  Cnrrier's  Oil  to  i-iak'.-  it  spread  on  the  udder 

better. 

Ii.nvon  /V'V.<-v',.',  /.akcvic:i\  Mulligan. 

2.    Calccd  Udder. -Rnb  wd!  with  I'laxseed  Oil   or  hog's 

,'  .'  /  /■    ]l'ooda>;i.  jV,:,'  CoDiershircn,  Ohio. 

3    Cci'.^rl  TJc'.I.:'".— F  t-t  give  !,'_•  ponnds  Epsom  Salts,  then 

l:r.".u  :u,j  u:k'.  b^ih.-  :!.''■  Uf  i-ff  with  hot  soapsuds. 

I'/:....  ^'  'cirbj^tii'ii,  .l/u'Oc>{/,  O'llini!',  (.\iuada. 

CI-"0T1I!"'^j.-  Ti  'he  r.pple,  or  whatever  it  is,  cannot  be 
-'•01  led  i^ri  ard  out,  t  ke  a  V'ieoe  of  rnbb<r  hose  and  pi'<h  it 
r'.r^T."!'"-      N.>rer  *=.!;..;  ^^  V.ilir-  .lock  or  brnom   h:indlc 

D.  P.  Pike,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 


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C.    CIi  ■>';'n,i.;.     I'.T  .1  .hokt,  use  ;\  pi(ce  of  mini  luist- to  rlis- 
ir.  .1.  /,i>!i:/.'>./,  A'ic>'/»!(<>iJ.  kcntucky. 

3.  Chckiiig.  If  I'lo  obstiuclioii  i.a-i  l.c  ftlt  from  the  out- 
side, try  to  \v:f:-  i:  >1  '>vti  with  tlio  iiaiuls,  rir>t  I'lUliiij,'  a  littk- 
l,in>cL'd  or  olh.  :  i;:uluv,u  tli'j  lluoal.  If  llils  fails  take  a  com- 
nioii  l>ug^J^■  v.liil',  \vri;>  .i  little  .oil  cloth  aruuii'l  the  Imtt  e;iil,  '.id 
after  yeeurel\-  tsiii.;  it  o:i  ^d-.-  ll'.e  ii..-;e  t(  a  level  with  the  Ix'dy, 
put  the  l."It  Uld  if  the  \'.lui)  d^uv.n  tlu  th'-.a  TUitil  the  (dv-lrtict- 
ioii  ;-■.  re.i^hed  and  gently  f'.n-e  it  into  the  -stomach.  A  clevis 
put  crosswise  iu  the  ni(»uth  will  hold  it  npcii 

C.  /'.  A'<).-,  K.ihlafa!  I'liiln,    Whionsin. 

4.  Choking.  For  ajiplc  in  the  throat  take  the  ei>w  by  the 
nose,  op.  11  t!;-  i.iomh  a!i d  hreiik  one  egg,  shell  and  all,  into  the 
lucuth,  and  the  .ipple  will  nane  out. 

I  li.ive  tried  this  -;e\eral  times. 

/>.   f '.  (_\<ok .  (\i~f/h':iu,  Af.-f  York. 

5.  Chokinsc.— Pour  down  the  throat  '.■  pint  of  lard,  or  ^^ 
pint  of  soft  'oap  n-'need  with  warm  wattr.  or  the  white  of  foui 

eggs. 

/('//'/  J'.    ll','ri/a>-(/,  A't:r  Co)>icnto:v>i,  0/iio. 

6.  Choking,  Sure  Cure.— Take  lineent  iiew  Ing  tobacco,  the 
strnni;cr  the  l^tl.  i .  enough  to  make  a  ball  tlie  si'e  of  a  hen's  egtr. 
dani;i(.n  it  with  molasses  or  any  similar  sub>tancc  so  that  it  wdl 

vHiere  closely,  raise  the  animal' ^  iiead.  pull  out  the  tongue  and 
])Ut  the  ball  <low;i  the  throat  a,s  far  as  possible.  In  a  short  time  it 
will  cause  si.knes.  and  wniiting,  whi.-h  rela.xes  the  muscles  so 
that  whatever  is  dioking  the  animal  will  he  thnnvn  up.  If  any 
person  thinks  this  will  not  woik,  just  let  him  try  it  on  himself, 
espeuallv  one  who  is  not  ustd  to  tobacco,  and  see  how  ([uickly  It 
will  work.      It  is  a  simple,  sensible  and  positive  remedy. 

F'rd.  Jf.   ]]'ir>!er. 

COLIC.     See  remedy  for  Coi.ic  ir.  .        ;£  given  by  Geo.  M. 
Wilbcr,  Afatysville,  Ohio. 


I'RACTrCAL  RKCIPKS  FROM  FARMKRS  711 

2.  Colic. —  Cattle  as  a  rule  do  not  need  much  doctoriu;:  if 
properly  fed  and  cared  for.  One  remedy  for  Colic  that  I  like  \'ery 
much  is  the  fc'lowing: 

\V;.  ^kt'V     ,'a  pi'it- 

l.ifr'k  IV  ;'n>  :     I  t.ibU'spoonfiil. 

(■.iii^;er I  " 

.1/;  r  i'l  a  jiii.l  of  lul  IV.  .inn  water  ami  ^'ive  as 

If  the  nninial  doe.s  tiot  '^ct  rvVwi,  follow  up  in  an  Iionr  with 
another  like  dw^v.  The  (Unii;eT  lA  tins  disease  is  that  it  may  ter- 
minate in  inflammation  of  the  howels. 

/..  /).  Arnold,  nere;<n,  N.  Y. 

3.  Colic.  -For  colic  in  cattle  .i;ive  the  fnllowini;: 

Spi  its  Turjx'iititie  I'j  oiiiices. 

Raw  Linr-eed  Oil i    pint. 

yi//.f  and  give  as  a  <lre'nih  f\ery  two  hours 
initil  relieved. 

Another  p^ood  remedy  is: 

Blaik    Teppcr I  t:iIilespoiMiful. 

Whiskey ]z  pint. 

I.iikewanu    Water i  pint. 

Mix  and  i;ive  as  a  drench.  If  the  beast  is 
not  h^lterin  twohonrs,  add  temlntp-.  I'leininij's 
tiiietnre  aconite  to  the  tnrpentine-oil  recipe, 
and  give  as  a  drench. 

(iion^e  CampbfU,  dihhtisi,  Sinicoc  Co.,  Onlatio. 

CORNSTALK  SICKNESS.— This  is  not  a  disease, 
b  it  a  sickness  due  to  the  farmer's  own  fault.  He  turns  cattle 
Miat  have  been  running  in  pasture,  and  perhaps  half  starved,  into 
q  stalk  field,  and  they  fdl  up  with  dry  feed  until  the  stomach  be- 
comes impact.  Let  them  into  the  stalks  by  degrees  and  see  that 
they  have  plenty  of  water  and  some  soft  feed  and  there  will  be  no 
trouble.  I  have  seen  more  cattle  lost  by  this  sickness  than  by  all 
other  diseases  put  together. 

/.   IV.  Higgs,  Silver  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 

2.  Cornstalk  Sickness.— There  is  no  cure  for  this  when 
once  the  animal  has  it,  but  there  is  a  preventive  that  has  never 
fgjigfl   fnr  me  wh.en  I  liave'  f.iUowed  it.      Feed  the  cattle  all  the 


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712  THIC  PRACTICAI.  S'HX'K  JiOCTOR 

corn  fodrlcr  with  the  com  on,  or  if  th.ere  is  no  fodder,  feed  thcfi 
all  the  corn  thf.y  will  tat  for  two  wcck-^  before  tnniiiig  them  into 
the  cornfield.  Since  following  tliis  plan  I  have  never  lost  a  hc.id, 
but  before  I  found  it  out  I  always  lost  several  head. 

Joiiph  Hynek,   Wi'.ler,  Ncbmskci. 

3.   Cornstalk  Sickness,  or  Impaction. — A  strong  infusion 

of  Tansy  given  in  frecjucnt  doses  of  a  pint  or  more  at  a  dose  will 

brin.i;  ntiont  the  desired  flTect  if  persisted  in.    I  have  never  known 

this  simple  remedy  to  fail  in  a  case  of  impaction  when  the  treat 

ment  was  thorough. 

A.  L.  Slu!:niai!,  Nr.v  Sharon,  loica. 

EYES,  SORE.— Feed  soit  feed  for  24  hours,  and  purge  with 
Epsom  Salts,  i  to  i,'j  ponuds.     Give  Vx  to  V2  amount  for  a  calf 
Keep  in  a  partly  darkeiK-d  '-lal)l(j  .and  l)athe  the  ej'es  3  times  a  day 
with  lukewarm  water,  .nui  after  bathing  put  a  few  drops  of  the 
following  lotion  into  each  eye: 

Suli-hite  of  Atropin 4  grahis. 

WattT 2  ounces. 

J.  I\a;r>ii,  Palmcrdoi,  Ontario,  Canada. 

FEET,  SORE. — I'ir-.t  clean  the  foot   well    by   drawing  a 
rope  thrmiiih  between  the  hoof,  then  apply  the  fullowing  remedy: 

Linseed  f)il 2  part,s. 

Lard 2      " 

Carbolic  .\ci.l 1   part. 

lifix  thorouL'hly  and  apply. 

(lurlrv  Taylor,  BoonviUc,  Indiana. 

2.    Feet,  Sore.— Sore  feet,  particularly  in  cattle   that  are 
being  fitted  for  show  purjxises,  can  be  cured  as  follows: 

Tie  the  animal  up  short  to  a  good  strf)ug  post.  Insert  a 
small  round  post  between  the  hind  legs,  and  with  a  man  at  each 
end  of  the  jwst  to  lift,  the  foot  can  be  raised  from  the  ground  and 
the  hoof  paired  with  a  strong,  sharp  knife.  Then  dissolve  8 
ounces  Blue  Vitriol  in  i  quart  warm  water  and  wash  the  foot. 
This  \  "ill  take  three  men — one  at  each  end  of  the  j><>le  and  one 
to  pari-  tb"  lionf 
Cm   F    '^■!,  F.iifl'f  ":    Trpeeotah  St'hk  Fai77t,  Huron,  South  Dohota. 


\, 


I'RACTICAIv  RECIPES  I'ROM  FARMERS T^ij 

FOUL  FOOT  IN  CATTLE— Caused  ly  filth,  or  injury 
and  filth,  and  prevents  growth  of  animal  until  cured. 

Tie  the  animal,  stnich  the  leg  back,  clean  betwceu  the  hoof 
by  running  wot  rag  back  and  forth,  and  apply  fine!y  pulverized 
Blue  Vitriol.  IV-   ^V-  A'lyi/ou/s,  Utica,  Ohio. 

FOOT  EVIL.  -Can  be  cured  ni  its  early  stages  by  apply- 
ing Spirits  of  Turpentine  from  one  to  three  times  freely  to  the 
aficcted  parts.  IV.  R.  Jrurl!,  A/L-hvs  Mi/h,   West  Virgiriia. 

2.  Foot  Evil.— A  sure  cure  for  the  disease.  Thoroughly 
pulveri/e  4  ounces  of  Bine  \'itriol,  add  4  ounces  of  Calomel,  then 
I  ounce  ot  Borax.  Apply  with  swal)  twice  ;  week  luitil  a  cure  is 
effected.  Cfms.  E.  JIay>ic>,  Ilillihno,  Ohio. 

3.  Foot  Evil.— Use  Butter  of  Antimony  (.r  Oil  of  Vitriol. 

vVhichever  is  used,  apply  it  directly  to  the  part  allecled.  If  the 
burn  causes  too  nuich  soreness,  apply  lard  or  some  soft  oil  to  cause 
'.r  to  heal.  If  the  first  application  does  not  effect  a  cure,  repeat 
i::  about  ten  days,  W.  S.  Slaniu-r,  Ikrlin,   West  Virginia. 

GARGET.— Give  10  drops  Tincture  of  Iodine  in  feed  once 
1  '...y  until  cured.     Have  found  this  a  positive  cure. 

D.   TcrBush,  Fenton,  .Michigan,  R.  F.  D.  /. 

IIOLLOW  HORN.  — See  Mri.K  Ff.ver  or  Hoixow 
I_;<::.  given  by /t^Z/w  V9.  Alien,    \Vorthini;ton,  Indiana. 

'\  Hollow  Horn, or  Indigestion.— Give  ;'  ound  Glauhei 
5;."..^-  -very  third  day  until  cured. 

IV.  S.  Starcher,  Be>rtn,   IV  l  Vir^i.^i.!. 

HORN  DISTEMPER.  — The  follow i.:-  i<  a  -.ernit.n 
rfir.;''  •  ..ud  one  which  I  luivi-  [oun;!  to  oe  very  -"cr..-.. ..  '.. 

Salt :  (.■",;(.s:..y.rru/;. 

lil.'ick  Icppcr .'i 

GinKf' ."■' 

Wb!teII:n  :::na:- j 

V.'oodSu.t 3 

A''-d  thrtL' ^.'!-be^',-' r.iv!  r;ix  ^■'.■' i  f.-'.r  'o 
r.:a!ci  \h-^-^  ;  -.lU.  Give  cie  \r".  ii:i'v-  i,h,.'i;- 
i'ij.'i  '..:  va-r--:-.!   .1. 

fi.rnu  C-^i'.J';,  FfjuU:;:.  r.!:n..}ija':-=a.  A',  f.  T.  g. 


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HORNS    ON    CALVES,  TO    KILL.  — A        .on   as  the 

horn  appears,  clip  olT  the  hair  around  the  button  and  rul)  with 
Caustic  Potash  until  the  horn  becomes  red  and  intlaraed. 

P.  TiiBiiJt,  Fciitoii,  Mic/iigan,  K.  F.  D.  4. 

INDIGESTION.  — See  lloi.i.ow  IIokn  ok  Lndigkstiun, 
given  by   W.  S.  SlarJu-r,  Bnlin,    Wat  I'iigima. 

2.  Indigestion  in  Dairy  Cows. — I  keep  a  herd  of  Jersey 
cows,  and  find  this  the  best  cure  for  indi,<;estiun:  Take  from  1  to 
I'j  pounds  ICpsom  salts — according  to  si/e  of  cow —and  two 
tablespooufuls  ginger.  Mi.\  with  one  half  gallon  of  water  and 
give  as  a  drench  al  one  dose 

Ginger— one  tablesix)onful  in  feed  once  or  twice  a  day — is 
almost  a  sure  preventive  of  indigestion. 

Janus  W.  A'oss,  Ftih /no/if.    II  0/  I'/n^'iiiia,  A'.  F.  D.  j. 

LICE  ON  CATTLE.  Takewliat  Calomel  can  be  held  on 
the  end  of  a  jacknife,  or  'j.'  tcaspoonful,  and  deposit  in  the  hollow 
at  the  back  of  the  head.  Lice  are  found  mostly  along  the  spine 
and  they  travel  over  the  head  to  the  nose  for  moisture.  The 
Calomel  destroys  them,  and  at  the  same  time  is  placed  where  the 
animal  cannot  lick  it  and  become  injured  by  it. 

C.  /?.  A'cvs,  Fitlihind  Center,   Wisconsih . 

2.  Lice. — Sprinkle  wood  ashes  all  over  tlie  anim.al. 

lohn  J\    Woodaid,  Xcie  Comer do:c)i,  Ohio. 

3.  Lice   on   Cattle.— Boil  one-half  bushel  of   potatoes  in 

four  gallons  of    water  imtil   the  jMitatoes  are  nearly  soft,  then 

take  the  water  the  jxjtatoes  are  boiled  in  and  wash  the  cattle  (on 

a  warm  day)  from  eyes  to  tail  and  half   way  down  each  side. 

Repeat  in  a  week. 

D.  F.  Pike,  Lisboit,  Ohio. 

4.  Lice.— To  prevent  cattle  from  getting  lousy|.take: 

Common  Salt 10  pound.s. 

Sulphur 2       " 

Saltpeter /<  ]K>UU(1. 

Mix  and  put  in  a  hox  wheru  cattle  can  have 
acces.s  to  it  at  all  times  and  you  will  have  no 
Hce  on  them, 

Gear^c  Campled!,  Gikhrid,  SimcoeCo.,  (ha'ario. 


-Is 


PRACTICAL   KI-.C!rUS  I'KOM    I'ARMHKS   _    7«-. 

LUMP  JAW.— A  local  ailmetit  peculiar  to  head  and  upper 
part  of  neck  only.  Caused  by  the  introduction  of  a  vegetable 
parasitic  t^pore  into  the  tissue  or  at  the  surface  of  bone  or  tooth, 
the  multiplication  of  which  irritates.  Ailment  shows  at  first  by 
a  small  lump,  which,  if  let  alone,  grows  for  months  or  years, 
causing  death  from  p.iin  and  emaciation.  If  in  the  bone,  it  honey- 
combs it  full  of  pus;  if  in  the  tissue,  then-  is  a  pocket  of  it.  In 
either  case  it  finally  breaks,  but  never  wo.-ks  its  own  cure.  If 
the  Rcrms  are  nut  dcstr<.>cd  or  removed,  the  animal  dies  a  linger- 
ing death.     There  is  small  chance  for  destruction  or  removal 

except  during  the  early  stage. 

7-;,</.'w<7//.^-A  destruction  of  the  germs  is  very  prob.iblc  by 
a  daily  drench  of  one  drachm  of  kxlide  of  PotasMum  ni  a  pint  of 
water' for  about  ten  days  more  or  less.  Tlie  anima!  nmII  thrive 
all  right,  but  he  must  be  watched  and  the  medicine  discontinued 
wh-n  his  nose  inflames  to  interfer.-'  with  bn.athing.  Tlieii  after 
a  few  days  rest,  repe.it  again.  The  tw.,  efforts  are  almost  certain 
in  early  stages,  and  even  in  advanced  stagrs  it  will   retard  and 

sometimes  cure. 

A  rem(n-al  of  the  germs  by  the  knife  from  tissue  and  l>y  the 
chisel   from   bone   is  positively  certain  and  the  best  means  to 

adopt. 

There  is  no  reason  except  ign. .ranee  or  ..arele.ssness  why  any 

steer  should  die  from  Lump  Jaw. 

IV.   11'.  /uj'iMs,  i'tiui,  Ohio. 

2.  Lump  Jaw.— Cut  the  enlarged  plaoj  open  and  insert  all 
the  air-sl.acked  lime  you  can  get  into  the  incision.  This  will  eat 
out  all  impurities.  W.  R.  Scdberry,  PMsfidd,  Illinois. 

3.  Lump  Jaw.—Cut  lump  open  and  cleanse  with  a  strong 
solution  of  Carbolic  Acid  and  water,  than  inject  one-half  ounce 
Tincture  of  Iodine. 

Another  treatment  for  severe  cases  or  where  lump  is  a  hard 
bony  growth:  I-or  a  1,000  pound  animal  give  one-half  drachm 
Todide  of  Potash  once  a  day  for  four  days,  then  twice  a  <lay  for 
four  days,  then  once  a  day  for  four  days.  Rest  one  week  and 
repeat  treatment.  Keep  animal  hi  barn  and  give  111  drinking 
water      These  two  treatments  are  entirely  distinct  and  separate 

_.,.  „.up.  .1   I.   Fox.  New  Sharon,  Iowa. 

iruui  eueii  uing. .  -2..  ^ 


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,-!r>  Till'.  I'KACTICAL  STi '■."K    !  mCTOR 

4.    Lump  Jaw.     Wlien  (he  lump  first  makes  its  ap{>enrauce 
bathe   it  if  .lUeiitly  with    Kerosene  or  Coal  Oil;    if  broken  or  a 
sore,  u<e  oue-third  IiKJine  and  ivvo-thirds  Ktnjsene  or  Coal  Oil. 
/•".  <!/.  Jhoun,  kit/.  K;ii^i;/i^ficy  Co.,  (KiAi/h'/iia. 

MILK  FEVER.- -The  foIlo-.vinK'  is  the  only  remedy  I  liave 
c.cr  I.iis.-./::  t  -  cure  this  dreaded  disease.  I  have  seen  it  used 
V.  !t':i  i".ioo.-' after  a  cow  was  down  and,  as  I  snpposud,  beyond 
h' Ip  ''"i'!;ile  it  is  best  always  to  s^ive  treatment  at  earliest  pos- 
ti'j'.c  U':nient,  I  would  try  it  e\en  in  later  stages  of  ili.^ease. 

xS'o.  I. — iCpsom  J'alts iN   ;  uuiiils 

Giiiui-r,  [lowdereil i       ounce. 

/l/ir  tov:ethtT,  llis^olvl•  in  luktvvartii  water 
ami  give  in  one  du^e. 

No.  2, — .\rotnatic  Si)ints  t  f  Ainiudina.  .   lo  oiiiuxs. 

Sp'.rils  iif   .Nitiiai.-.  IUHli j' 

/l//.r  to:;i'ther,  rind  iiinneiliatcly  ;iftcr  ."^ivini; 
No.  I  l>e^in  wiUi  .N'n.  2  bj-  giving  three  ounces 
of  the  luixlure  in  ,1  jiinl  ^f  cold  w.iter  every 
tialf  hiiur  until  five  <iii-<es  are  gi\en;  then  every 
hour  until  the  thirty  ounces  have  been  given. 

No.  3.— .1/m'  one  jK-iund  of  groniid  Mustird  with 
hill  water  and  nib  ill  well  along  the 
back  from  hips  forw.anl. 

Keep  cow  well  blanketed 

/i>/t'/  S/iiV//:/a>/if,  Brooklyn,  Ohio. 

NoTH. — Wl'.ile  tv.icl'.iiig  district  svh..c.l  near  Cleveland,  Chio,  se-.cral 
years  a,'  1,  tlie  farmer  wiili  who'u  I  wis  bo.irdini,'  had  a  r^iw  .show  symptoms 
of  milk  f'-'\er.  1  drove  several  miles  to  a  cirug  store,  .-ecured  the  above 
ii;e  iicin.  s;  .and  returned  in  tiiiu  to  save  the  co-v.  The  anim  il  was  down  a'd 
we  supposed  it  was  too  late.  It  L'le.aat  at  least  J50  to  tiie  owner,  and  I  con- 
sider the  recipe  worth  more  than  that  lo  c-  i-ry  ov  ner  of  cattle. 

<'£■<.'.  J-ovlc,  DehoiL  Michigan. 

2.    Milk  Fever.  -  Place  cow  in  a  dr>-,  warm  stall  with  plenty 

of  bedding.     Crive  injections  of  warm  soapsuds  iu  rectum  to  start 

passage.     Give  twice  a  day  the  following: 

Linseed  oil r  (juart. 

Camphor  I'.uni 2  ounces. 

CUauber  Salts 2        " 

Rub  small  of  back  and  udder  \.  itli  the 
following: 

Spirits  of  Turpeutine T  oint. 

Camplujr  Gum i  ounces. 

Lard ' 

Milk  every  hour  until  relieved. 

Ernest  Hcive,  Elendale,  North  Dakota. 


% 

%  ^  \ 

II  tj 

il 


f  KAri"..s:.  ■R.T.'II'KS  FROM  FARMERS 


717 


l.::^.K   rj'.VTiR,   en    hollow   horn.— Clean  out 

woai'-)- j:;l  ■.•>•  •..:':cr'ii;;;  ha  1;  well  greased.  Put  '<  pint  of  raw 
Lui^c■e.i  (>:1  !•'.'>  iii-  \vc:i  ').  Apply  Tnrpcntitie  ovc-r  small  of 
'iTck  or  Ironvvi  au  '  ;:::a;'.  araount  on  iKck  back  of  head.  Also 
^  i  ve  1 1: .-  f  -1'.  0  \v :  1 1 " '. 

iip.-.c-:i  ^^'•.■■. >  po-uiul. 

3 '.rd  ;  >   I  :-->'.) I  quart. 

C.i'V  ■:  .  •  • '.cri.-e.l^ I  ounce. 

y'r  ;■    !..-'.»  with    Ni.irm    \\alcr   :iiicl  ur-e  us  a 

'1r-.'.i, 

The  al>-.-i .  J  '^ :  ..\.!libk.     Hive  hcoii  u-ing  it  for  fifteen  years 

and  ha\cn't  lu.-l  a  .'0\v, 

/'/>;/  /'.  .-V/e,'/.  ]l'o>l//i>ii;!ou,  Indiana. 

MILK  FEVER  PREVENTIVE.— Wh.n  I  dry  oil  my 
cows  I  slop  ;iU  j,^rain  feed.  I  feed  for  rouj^ha^e,  ensila;,^e  in  re- 
duced qnantity,  h;iy  and  stover,  until  about  two  weeks  before 
time  to  freshen,  I  begin  to  feed  some  bran,  about  two  or  tliree 
quarts  ])er  day,  and  give  as  mucli  Cdaulier  Salts  e\-ery  four  or  five 
dnys  until  she  fr^sliens  as  a  man  can  Hold  in  his  hand  by  taking 
it  real  full.  If  eow  h.is  not  had  any  vS,ill>  for  four  or  five  days, 
give  iTnmedi.ilcly  after  calf  is  <lroi)ped,  whieh  I  usually  give  in 
water,  if  cow  is  thirsty,  when  I  take  w:iter  to  her.  I  take  Salts 
with  me  and  try  her  with  th.e  water  a;id  if  she  seems  thirsty  I 
stir  the  Salt  .  into  the  water  and  nine  limes  out  e.f  ten  she  will 
drink  it.  If  .s!ie  seems  to  be  a  little  chilly,  give  2  ounces  of 
Gin;;er.  In  no  c.ise  gi\e  a  cow  m^-ri-  th.m  2  gallons  of  water  at 
one  time,  a;ul  warnu  d  a  liUle  if  be  cold.  Rep'.al  at  intervals 
of  an  h'jur  or  so  until  Ihirt  is  slacked.  If  the  cow  does  not  eat 
Salts  in  her  food,  di -solve  and  pour  down  from  a  long-uecked 

botth. 

My  experience  is  that  milk  fever  is  due  to  carelessness  more 
than  anything  else.  I  ha\e  50  cows  and  liave  not  h.ad  a  case  in 
nearly  three  years,  and  only  four  cases  in  the  twenty-three  years 

I  have  kept  cows. 

D.  /•".  J^iinn.  Ih(\'J. :■:!!<•,  PavisyhanLi . 

2.  Milk  Fever  Preventive.— As  I  have  been  in  the  dairy 
business  for  fourteen  years,  i  might  give  you  my  experience 
with  Milk  Fever.     We  had  some  trouble   at  fust  with  our  best 


h    ' 


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Till'   rUACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i   . 


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hi 

I   ■ 


cows,  and  lost  some  of  them.  The  Schmidt  treatment  (see 
this  t'-ciiment  in  Catti.k  DisuAsrs  in  hotly  <>f  hook)  was  our 
hi<t  ntnedy,  hut  we  have  found  prevention  better  than  cure. 

As  there  is  almost  no  dan-er  with  a  heifer  ll.e  first  or  second 
calf,  we  t'  ■  d  tluni  w  11  when  cotninj,'  near  lluir  time,  hut  after 
the  second  we  are  more  eari'lnl,  and  still  more  so  as  they  mature. 
If  they  av  h.  aw  milkers  and  m  k '■'■1  H'-^h.  w.-  fceil  sparin>,dy 
for  two  weeks  h'-fore  comini;  in  n  A  mmv  than  ha.lf  ration  -and 
nolhimr  hut  water  in  -^mall  quantities  for  twiiitv-four  hours  rifler 
comin;:;  in.  If  they  appear  all  rit;ht  the  second  day,  we  feed  o 
littlo  hay— less  than  half  a  feed —and  i;iadually  increase. 

Since  we  have  learned  hy  hard  ex|)erience  to  practice  this 
ihorouKhly  v/e  have  not  Ind  one  ease  of  Milk  I-ever.  If  cows 
are  in  ^^ood  tksh  this  treatment  will  do  them  good,  even  if  there 
might  not  be  any  danger  of  Milk  hV-ver. 

[oscpk  .I/fvV//^;/,  Sf.A/arj'S,  Ontario,  Canada. 

RINGWORM.— Usually  starts  around  the  eyes  and  spreads 
.>ack.  Take  a  Munt  knife  and  scrape  olT  crust  on  sore,  tlun  apply 
a  little  Tincture  of  hxiine  with  a  feather.  If  first  application 
does  not  cure,  aj^jtly  again  in  one  week. 

Wall,)-  \]7iiifi,hi,  Sr..  Poitiac,  Michii;an,  R.  f.  D.  6. 

SCOUR  IN  CATTLE,  HORSES,  CALVES,  AND 
CHOLERA  OR  DIARRHEA  IN  PERSONS.— Fre-iuently 

a  handful  of  :-:iU  will  relieve  horses  and  cattle  from  scour,  but  if 
this  does  not  afford  relief  in  twelve  hours,  I  have  recourse  to  a 
remedy  for  the  above  disease  that  has  never  failed  me.  I  use 
Spirits  of  Camphor,  Tincture  of  Rhubarb  and  Laudanum,  equal 
parts  of  each.  M;x  thoroughly.  For  a  horse  or  cow,  give  a 
dessertspoonful;  for  a  calf,  a  teaspoonful.  If  not  relieved  in 
three  hours,  repeat  the  dose.  For  gn^wn  persons  I  use  30  drops; 
for  a  chill,  8  or  lo  drops.  I'or  per.sons,  give  in  a  little  sweetened 
water;  f(.r  slock,  in  half  a  pint  uf  warm  water.  I  liave  knov/n 
many  of  tlie  worst  cases  of  diarrhea  in  children  to  be  cured  in  a 
very  short  time  from  using  this  remedy,  and  I  consider  it  one  of 
the  Ino^.t  valuable  recipes  I  Iv^-e  -.'vor  mme  across. 

M.  R.  Wees,  West  Superio. ,  Wisconsin. 


PRACTICAL   Rr:CIPi:S  I'ROM  I-ARMERS 7"J 

2.  Scour  in  Young  Cattle  or  Calves.-For  calf  under 
three  months  of  a^^e.  Rive  i  tablespo.niful  of  Castor  Oil  twice  a 
day;  for  older  ones,  increase  the  dose  according  to  si/.e. 

Another  remedy  for  the  same:  Take  e-iual  parts  of  Gtnger, 
pulverized  charcoal  and  common  baking  powder,  mix  we'l  to- 
gether an<l  Kive  i  teaspo<Miful  twice  a  day.  Pull  out  tongue  and 
throw  pf)W<kr  on  Lack  part  and  they  will  swallow  it.  or  give  Jt 

by  way  of  dreiu  h. 

I  have  fouud  the  above  to  be  good  remedies. 

Tilman   Wilkin,  SpcnccfMc,  Ohio. 

3  Scours  in  Calves.— Put  one  teacupful  raw  flour  ii:  the 
milk  given  the  calf,  twice  a  day,  until  cured.  If  the  calf  is  m 
pain  give:  Tincture  of  Laudanum,  i  teaspoonful.  Raw  Linseed 
Oil   2  ounces,  two  hours  after  first  dose  is  given. 

Ueoriic  Campbell,  (iih/nist,  Shmoe  Co.,  Oiitano. 

4.  White  Scour  in  Calves.— Give  30  drops  of  Laudanunf 
in  I  tablespoonful  of  Castor  Oil  three  times  a  day  until  well. 

I  have  found  tins  to  be  one  of  the  best  recipes  I  ever  u.sed. 

Never  lost  but  one  calf. 

William  Wales,  Osbotne,  Kansas. 

5.  Scour  in  Calves  or  Lambs.— 

Tincture  of  Catechu 6  ounces. 

Prepared  Chalk,  powdered 3  drachms. 

Laudanum '  ounce. 

Dilute  in  Alcohol  to  make  one  pint,  shake 
well  and  give  as  follows :  To  calf,  one  table- 
sjwonful  every  four  hours;  to  lainl),  one-half 
teaspoonful  every  li\e  hours. 

A.  L.  Fox,  Ntu'  Sharon,  loiva. 


I;  J 


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7'''">  'nil';  i'l; AC r;CAi,  sTt ).•)>:  iioctok 

REMEDIES  FOR  SHEEP 

TO  KEEP  SHEEP  HEALTHY.- Give  i  tenspnonf,,! 
of  K;if  tobacco  in  wlK-at  hrui  oiicx  a  wvck.  and  plenty  f>f  srslt,  aii<i 
.s!k'<.i>  will  al\vri\-;  he  healfliy. 

If  silk,  ^i\t'  '..  tca'-{v)onfiil  o.  Tiirpt-titiiu-  an.l  i  t:i'>l._cp„oti- 
ful  nf  s<)ii;l!um  !n.■Ia^^t•^  will  i;ii\(.d.  Civx-  niorniiij;  ruid  evLiiiti); 
until  the  shi-c-p  will  cat  its  food. 

Have  ii^cu  tl'.e  almw  fnr  t\\ftity-fi\e  years. 

I\,>!,>t  I'..  C/uiin/'tt.-,  Spriurr,  Indiana. 

SHEEP  POWDER  FOR  APPETITE.- 

^'lll.ll.ltc<Jf  In.ii 2  ounces. 

<'.in.U*-*r •;       " 

Fi'nn;.;r(.'t.'k  - s       " 

Cciiliaii 4 

iV,!   .h'- ri'...\-  u-^th  ;   L'.l''r.,r:l   (■••-;;■,! 
fvH)  I  !;;;,t  I..,,,.  \,,:\t'\    v;;!.  ;   p-i  .;  ;.^ta.,i.i' 

r   -  ;  - 

/.■'/'•//    P'--'.   Ca:!' ■n.'jK--:    J': ::'■::■:.. %::'^    f  r.  D      ? 

r^XEF,  TO  KEEP  ly  ':,.;v:ji  :  igh.  -shcc,,  c.  n^n-h 

V--"er  If   sn-.wi  L;:  :  :'n;s  cf   a'xint  irA\    i.v\   tiit-y  d,,    ;,,    !,r,^ir 
Lu;u'-  v.     PLrty  of  Jal:  a.j!  -jxcrc-r-u  r -v-  also  im.-'  -J  f^.     :.^i;'>. 

^'''- ■•■f I   i.-  chm. 

V^.L-r^  r-  ''i , 

.-;jtrr-,  .'Vr;i-;:o  11 1  ( .'.-  v-mt.'. ) 7  drachms. 

"'^'•^■■T I    [  IIJI, 

r.::-..r    ';ne  uo.sc,  and  if  it  docs  not  ha\'e  the  desir.J  c^"..' 
r'.;.'c:'  i::  ^  'i  i  Iiour.  a(U)rdii:c^  to  ?everitv  nf  the  case. 

i.r.  A'    I'aa'tij\>id,  J/ti.stings,  A/ic.'i^ _A,: 

CilCirnA,  LAMB.-  Suljjhuric  I'.lhcr  Kivcn  in  i  ■■■.r-...c- 
doses  tni  ;o  [  with  twi.e  the  qnaiitity  of  v.arni  water  or  luilk  - 
dos,e  refieat'-d  m  fifteen  iniinites  if  not  easier- -will  jjositive!  ,-.:•: 
the  so-called  "Lamb  Cholera"  in  y^r.mg  Iambs  if  discovered  i-e- 
fore  they  are  too  far  gone.  "Land^  Cholera"  is  nothiu  ;  bt:: 
colic  produced  by  siekne-s  or  changes  in  the  dams  milk. 

Geo.  M.   IVilber.  Matysvilk   Ohuy. 


f  Afl  ,  ,'AI,    R!:CiPI-:S  I'KOM  F.vRMEKS 
CCL:C,  '>?-.  STRETCHSS.-f'.ive  on=  drachm  c-r. 


-I 


:  ^-^^'Ji'.ful  of  s,.l; 
make  a  soft  m 
c'>ve.     K^jH.-al  t  : 


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FLUKE  V.'U:  I.  ■     .•••:,  A''-^^ 

bv    f.  .-/.    A',v/:    .,,/■'/ 

FOOT  ROT    - 

Su'.pl', .'  •         ,    ,       

cut,  u'..-.i    '.i'.'i  ; 

Corros)' (•  :  lil^iTiiate %  "mh.  i- 

Ti'.rp.'ii'.iUL 'i 

r.ut.tlf  for  use. 

One  application  with  a  =\vati.  if  trinmiit!};  of  foot  i- /''•<'/■.'•'■£•/•/. 
done,  v.il!   ef'r.t   n   cure.      11  )\vever,  the   entire  fiot-k  sh:.uM   . 
gone  over  once  :i  \v.  i  k  and  the  lect  examir.Ld  by  u-inrr  knife  I 
j^ee  if  any  p:irl>  are  ^li;'  ", ! 'ec i . ■.' ,  .:'.d  ^^■.!^.•h.  exiTninn*.; m  .-o!- 
nntil  flock  is  k>:o:.  ;/  lohc  fn/mi.    T'.  I'.o  l-urn  t ':'.:.- r-    »  ■.  y  . 
Lirge  f!  )ckfi  of  sh^  ■•)  (iiicludi!!.^,  :n\-  c-,:  i  wk^n  r...i'C-  .i  ' 
^In.{)n  per  pint  had  t-i,"ii.).y  fill  .d.     b  ■(   :■'.  i'-.lv  .j?   ,>.'!   w' 
Foot  Rot  with,  tit  It  •"    '  -     to  i:.e  i  ■•!•;- Hi;  ^'i'^^     ■      '     ' 

and  th^:;n  '  • '.  '-  ■'cc  .\;t:i  ■''- ;v-^  ci: 


T!  .  t:>h  ii  -Tor  cv"  rect.    T* 


■.-:n':r.v 


thi*   ("l:^.•■.-,3e  cj:- 
m;n-f.cr. 

F:'n-r;v'"-;n.- 


i^..    n-11  ^I'i  -1..  i,ji.i  L't   !./.cd  li   111': 
v..  n.iV'-   'i.'e 


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Tiri:  I'RACTrCAK  STOCK   DOCTOR 


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2.    Foot    Rot,     Tour   TiiriietitiiK-    frcily    into  the   affectfd 

p:iits.  AIm)  mix  Ttirimitmc  in  ttul.  or  in  bran  am!  salt,  and  li-t 
~lin|i  luui-  a- <  (  ss  t>  '.  lint  .  .\  i|naiitity  of  Siil|i!Mir  aiMcd  will 
111-  of  htiu'nt  !>ofh  in  '>oro  niontli  an<l  sore  foot.  These  si-cm 
to  1)C'  kindrtil  diseases  of  the  Mood. 

W.  A'. /cut//,  .-mhrs  .t/U/.,    ff,v/  J-in::>,ia. 

FOUNDER.  I  have  liad  four  slu-cp  foundered  and  saved 
three  allir  tliey  got  pulTeil,  and  two  of  tin  ni  stitT  so  as  to  prevent 
walkiiij:.  Kiiiied\-.  Cdve  2  t  iMespooiifui.>  of  C.!--!' n  (Ml  w.irnied, 
or  2  talilesjx.oiifuls  of  I.in-'etd  ( )il,  and  iujei  t  tlie  lower  bowel  full 
of  warm  soapsuds.  Rei>e.it  both  the  oil  and  the  injection  in  two 
hours,     I  have  tried  ln'tli  ipils  with  suecess. 

{,;,>.  II.  /!„>!!„,  SUhiiHr,  k'nilUiky,  R.  F.  P.  j. 

GADFLY,  TO  KEEP  AWAY.— Rub  pine  tar  on  their 
noses.      Keep  it  on  throUKii  JtiK'  au'l  .\ugust. 

John  /'.    ]\'i''\l,n,!.  A',-,    ('<>iiiir.<lo'ii-n,  Ohio. 

GRUB  IN  THE  HEAD.— Confine  slieep  in  tight  stall  or 
ptn,  place  latgc  eanv.is  t)ver  j)en,  then  fumigate  by  burning 
Sulphur  in  iron  pot.      Keej)  them  in  until  they  tough  \iolently. 

rf'.  A'.  SoM'onj,  Piththld,  niinoh. 

2.  Grub  in  the  Head.  Pour  into  each  nostril  oue-balf  tea- 
sjiooiifu!  of   Kerosene  Oil. 

fohn  /'.   UWilard,  Nao  Comerstowtt ,  Ohio. 

LOSS  OF  APPETITE.  — See  STAr.r.ERS  or  Loss  of 
Ai  .iCTiiH,  gixeii  by    W.  S.  Stint hi'r,  lit-r/iii,    llVst  Virginia. 

MOUTH,  SORE.— Hold  the  sheep's  head  firmly  between 
the  knees,  letting  it  occupy  same  po.sition  as  is  natural  when 
sheep  is  standing,  and  pour  Turpentine  down  over  nose  and  mouth. 
Also  mix  a  ([Uantity  of  Turpentine  with  wheat  bran,  to  which 
add  salt,  and  feed  to  the  entire  fltjck, 

W.  R.Jc-aell,  Alkites  Mills,   Wist  I'minia. 


PRACTICAL  Ri:Ciri:S  IK     M   r.XRMKRS  72^ 


PILES.-  Apply  clamp  and  hum  ofT  protruding  part  with  a 
kniff  shajH.-.!  iron  which  has  Lec-n  healed  to  a  white  heat.  Then 
apjily  Horacic  A>  i.l  twice  a  day. 

J)     r.rlhiJi,  h'niton,  Michijian,  A'.  /".  D.  f. 

PNEUMONIA  OR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE 
LUNGS  C-ive  two  t'i  tour  Kfains  of  Uiutune  in  one  halt  ounce 
of    whiskey  every    si.v    hours.     In   one   hour   after   giving   the 

Ouiniiic  K'^'*-'- 

S:iltiater '  grains. 

Aconite •  to  3  drops. 

Drop  the  Aconite  on  the  Saltpeter,  and  put  the  mixture  on 
the  tongue;  repeating  remedy  every  four  hours  until  the  fever  is 
gone.      If  the  case  is  very  had,  repeat  a  little  oftener. 

I  never  gave  this  t(j  swine,  htit  should  think  it  would  he 
e(iually  as  ^ood  for  them  as  for  sheep. 

G.  A\  Ftuiflford,  I  fastings,  Mnliii^an. 

ROT. --Tor  my  sheep  I  use  two-thirds  salt  and  one  third 
Hpsom  Salts.     I  usu.dly  keep  it  lying  by  them. 

I  make  a  dip  by  hoiling  tobacco  until  it  is  very  strong.  To 
every  loo  galloii>  of  the  juice  I  add  one  gallon  Carbolic  Acid  and 
alxjul  twenty  pc.unds  of  salt.  I  use  a  tank  that  will  take  a  :,heep 
or  hog  into  it  and  put  tliem  under  head  and  ears.  My  neighlx)rs 
use  a  l>ox  and  dip  them  hack  down,  but  I  prefer  having  them  on 
their  feet  as  I  drive  iheni  in  and  lower  them  out  of  sight.  The 
dip  should  be  well  stirred  so  as  to  not  have   them  swallow  the 

Acid. 

I  h.ave  used  this  same  dip  for  hogs  for  ten  years  and  have 

never  had  any  cholera  since. 

/.  !\f.  Huvie,  Williatnsto7ifi ,  Kentucky. 

SCAB  IN  SHEEP.— Mix  Wood  Soot  and  Turpentine  with 

their  grain  when  feeding. 

John  P.   Woodiird,  New  Gmierstoum,  Ohio. 

STAGGERS,    OR    LOSS   OF   APPETITE. -Give    i 

tablespoouful  of  Turpentine.     The  one  dose  is  usually  sufficient, 
hut  in  severe  cases  a  second  dose  might  become  necessary. 

IV.  S.  Starclier,  Berlin.   West  Virginia. 


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^♦CK3. — To  r.n-vv.' :  ""'ic',""!  ;;cr:  Ii.'»\';'"  li  ';>,  ''i-'Q  il'' 
salt,  snlplnir  and  '^altnou-r  ir  -.  t:-;'  '•  ;:•.  ■■■  t.-irl,  .  '"!;is  v...\  -.r^. 
Vv.nt  ?Cab  or  any  s":;.i  dist-r'-:-;  ,1.:,;  W.- n  :1;  ^  s!:.-r.-i  .v.:..;:m  . 


-;  :.  .J. 


"irirs  r.r.ii  Flu 


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t.)   'p..!   i:c;.;    \', !:  .r^ 


!-  -•    •^   !'. 


•      • ,  ^.   .■—.».....    x./       -      •;■.!..,:  h'.  \M  ;;!  SilCt  :i  V,  .    .; 

^■•■•"■•:'"-  -::<.::  V,  ,.::;;•;  ,::..■.  u.:::i  f  uv.l  t'lc  t-  il-jivi;!.'  tn  ;;1- 
ire-.;:  V..;  !i  i!;^  \v:;::  ';  t^c.ily  in  \v,i:;ii  w.it..r  lui  1  ^rca^e  well 
V.-;  !i  ;>•,..(  t  C  .1  (.'  Cn-tor  (.il  n;.  ■  put  h.n.k.  Then  take  a  com 
i::oa  1;  ^  r;!i;>  r  cm:  ta--,e!i  .):;v  :.w,;  ri^i^;^  ibroiinl:  tlie  vaj;i!ici  so 
■.•:e  wr.ih  c.-.:!  ;<;t  (.-..nie  out,  a::.l  the  shirp  will  fatten  for  market, 
I  h;i'.c  liot  l.i-t  one -i:, CO  I  i;  ..1  tld-^  tr.'atnient. 

(;,\>>^i;r  //,  /.',;  A,,  >'/;,/,'^ir/,;v.  Ki  ya.  /_!',  A'.  /:  /».  j. 

WORMS.      i:.i!i.:!  i):nt<  ct  Sn!j>hatc  <  f  In.n   and  Snli)hatc 

of   CopJHT 

/^>'v'.  -  One  (Iraclnn  for  ti.ni  -Iieep.  i-'i-.d  in  >alt,  or  any  way 
it  can  lie  fed  best,  oiu  e  or  t\virc  a  d.a-.-. 

/hinnoa  A','ssi'>'i'/,   ////!>■  f.'V:.',  Mlihii^an. 

2.  Worms  in  the  Head  of  Sheep,  to  Prevent. -I'tii  salt 

ill  a  shnri-bottoined  tr<)nj.;li  and  sj.read  tar  on  each  side  of  the 
tr..,igh.  \\'iien  the  sheej)  e  a  the  s..!t  thi  v  i,'rt  the  t.ir  0:1  the 
nose,  and  tint  kes'p^  aw.i>  the  !lv  that  la>:  the  i  j^yj;  wl.i>,h  forms 
the  worm  in  the  head. 

Kobcr!  J\.  r/'rt "/ 'v  I  ■ ,  Spiiire>,  Iiit/i<i>ia. 

3.  Worms. --T-reep  '-alt  and  Sii'j.hitr  hefore  them  all  the 
lime  in  the  pnipoilinu  ot  one  jiouiid  i.i'  Sulnliur  to  ten  jiounds 
of  salt. 

A    H  .  ///;;:.■■.  S:/:e>   /.,,ff\  X'rf/i  Da/,,>/a. 

4.  Worms,  Ticks  and  Other  Sheep  Parasites.- Simi)le 
but  efltclive.  To  !)e  almo.^t  wholly  exemi.l  uom  -,l;eep  jiarasites, 
keep  roek  -alt  in  pastures  with  a  few  drops  <,f  Ttirptiitine  j)ut  on 


sail  oceasiouaily. 


0:ai.  1:.  Iiayjif^.  ITilhhotr,    Ohu 


'no. 


11 : 


PRACTICAL  RECIPES  EROM  FARMERS 


72"; 


WORMS  IN  LAMBS.— Take  one  part  Coal  Tar  Creosote 
to  9J  parts  water.  After  lambs  have  riissed  one  feed,  give  as  a 
drcncli  two  to  four  ounces  of  the  mixture,  according  to  si/.e  of 
Iamb.  Repeat  in  four  or  five  days  if  first  treatment  does  not 
prove  effective. 

A.  L.  J-'oA.  Acu'  Sharon,  Io:ca. 

2.  Worms,  Stomach,  in  Lambs.  -Take  Hasollne  one 
part  to  fresh  milk  four  j'.iiis  and  give  one  tablespoonful  tuice  a 
day  for  two  days,  or  until  tliey  are  better. 

The  following  also  I  find  very  good:  Creosote  of  Tar  one 
part  to  water  fifteen  p.iris.  One  tablespoonful  once  a  chiy  for 
two  days. 

There  is  no  diseu^.e  that  stock  is  subject  to  that  causes 
greater  loss  than  sioiiiach  worms  in  lambs. 

/    (J'.  Ifiiigs.  Silirr  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 


REMEDIES  FOR  SWINE 


HOGS,  TO  KEEP  IN  CONDITION.-I  have  been  rais- 
ing and  feediiig  hoi;-  for  twenty-eight  years  and  have  made  hog 
raising  a  elose  study.  At  fir>t  1  had  a  good  many  faihires.  After 
trynig  all  the  paper  remedies  on  liog  ailments,  I  find  if  a  hog  gets 
seriously  sick  you  might  as  \\\\\  kill  it  at  once,  for  if  it  does  not 
die  it  will  never  be  thrifty,  and  is  useless  as  a  feeder  or  producer. 
I  have  for  the  last  several  years  been  verj'  succes.sful,  and  now 
have  n.)  fears  of  disease  among  my  hogs.  My  theory  is,  prevent 
insteaJ  of' cure.  My  care  and  treatment  is  simple  aud  inexpensive, 
and  is  as  follows: 

Keep  the  lice  off,  which  can  be  done  with  a  mixture  of  coal 
oil  and  lard,  about  equal  parts,  sprinkled  on  the  hogs  about  once 
every  thirty  days  if  necessary.  Sometimes  it  Is  not  necessary 
oftener  than  every  two,  three,  or  four  months,  but  at  any  rate  it 
is  necessary  in  order  to  have  healthy  hogs  to  keep  them  free 
from  lice. 


726 


TFIIC  PRACTlCAl,  t>TOCK  UOtTOK 


The  next  important  thing  is  to  keep  tluir  digestion  in  order. 
This  is  easily  done  by  keeping'  plenty  oi  coal  cinders  where  they 
can  have  free  access  to  them. 

With  these  rules  strictly  adhered  to  in  this  latitude,  the  hog 
raiser  need  have  no  fears. 

/.  /•'.   Ware,  Danville,  Kentucky. 

2.  Hogs,  to  Keep  in  Condition.  - 1  kecj)  air  slaked  lime 
and  rah,  equal  i).iits,  in  a  trough  in  the  lot.  I  think  it  a  good 
conditioner  and  disinfectant. 

James  B.   Wchrman,  Nelson,  Nebraska. 


"£M  W^^ii 


3.  Hogs,  To  Keep  in  Condition.-  In  summer  a  good  run 
to  grass  and  plenty  of  water. 

In  winter  feed  Sulphur,  soft  coal  siftings,  clover  hay  and 
bran.  Do  not  feed  swine  of  any  kind  very  long  on  clear  corn  or 
corn  meal.  Milk  is  always  good.  My  method  of  feed  in  winter 
is  as  follows; 

To  a  150  to  200  pound  shote  give  a  heaping  tablespoonful  of 

Sulphur  at  a   time  in  some  kind  of    ground  feed,  one  in  tlie 

morning  and  one  in  the  evening,  for  a  week.     Skip  a  week  and 

give  for  three  or  four  days,  after  which  give  none  for  about  three 

weeks.     Soft    coal   siftings   or    charcoal   should   be    fed  lietween 

meals  every   alternate  day— that   is,  every  other  day  while  the 

hogs  are  in  confinement  and  cannot  root  in  the  ground— from  a 

half  pint  to  a  pint  each,  according  to  si/e  of  hog.     They  will  eat 

the  coal  very  readily  without  mixing  anything  with  it.     I  feed  in 

the  trough  the  .same  as  I  do  other  feed.     If  clover  hay  is  handy, 

feed  every  other  day  in  place  of  coal,  or  one  day  with  hay  and 

one  day  with  coal.  r     n     t      ;v    /.  at       ,-    , 

L-  U.  Anwld,  Ikri;e>i,  Neic  Yoik. 

4.  Hogs,  To  Keep  in  Condition.— I  feed  my  hogs  all  the 
salt  and  ashes,  mixed,  that  they  care  to  have.  It  may  be  i-ut  in 
bo.xes  or  in  heaps  on  the  ground.  I  also  give  them  a  little 
Turpentine -al)out  1  tablespoonful  to  a  pail  iA  swill.  U't  them 
run  out  where  they  can  have  plenty  of  exercise,  and  also  keep 


PRACTICAL  Rl-CiriiS  FROM  FARMERS 


r27 


them  from  pihng  up  on  one  another  in  their  sleeping  place.     Give 
them  all  the  green  corn  nou  wisli. 

S.   IV.  Povell,  Pah,  Oiik  Co.,  Illittois. 

^I'.  S. — Yoii  may  stale  that  one  ytar  I  lost  3iui.st  of  my  hogs  with  cholera 
^aboiit  80  head).  All  that  I  had  eyjept  12,  whith  latter  had  a  habit  of 
<;ettiiij;  through  the  wire  fence  and  eating  al  the  green  corn  they  wanted. 
l"or  this  reason  I  think  green  com  is  good  fix>d. — .S.   II'.  /'.  | 

5.  Hogs,  To  Keep  in  Condition. — Salt  ami  ashes  fed  once 
a  week,  keep  my  hogs  from  getting  sick.     Never  had  any  .sick 

ones.  /r.  jtf.  B,o7ni,  Khl,  Kingfisher  Co.,  Oklahoma. 

TO  KEEP  SWINE  IN  HEALTH.-  As  I  never  have 
any  sick  hogs  I  cannot  give  any  remedies,  but  will  say  that  my 
hogs  ahvnys  have  free  access  to  all  tlie  soft  coal  tlicy  want,  and 
it  will  stirjirise  ainoiie  who  has  not  fed  it  to  see  how  nuich  they 
will  consninc,  Also  a  bo.K  of  salt  and  pshes,  mixed,  placed  where 
they  cm  eat  it  is  a  preventive  of  worms,  which  are  very  detri- 
mental to  \.\\r-  health  of  hogs. 

iV.  jl .  Jiasl'uood,  Chcsaniiig,  Afichigan,  R.  F.  D.  2. 

2.  To  Keep  Swine  in  Health.  Cive  them  all  the  charcoal 
they  w;int  and  they  will  always  be  healthy. 

One  tcasi>oonhd  of  leaf  tobacco  twice  a  week  to  each  hog 
and  yon  will  not  have  any  sick  hogs. 

Kobt-yt  /;.  Chiiiii/hrs,  Spr>!(fr,  Indiana ,  R.  F.  P.  i. 

SHOTES    IN   POOR   CONDITION.     Wash  an.l  srnb 

thoroiij;hly   in  \(.ry  strong  soapsuds  with  a    kitchen  scnil)l)ing 

brtish,   and  pidl  or  break  out  tlie  black  teeth.      If    lousy,   mix 

lard  and  lamp  oil  and  grease  them. 

D.  F.  Pike,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 

PIGS,  TROUBLES  WITH  SUCKING.— In  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country  a  great  many  fanners  lost  their  little  pigs  the 
first  week  or  two  after  they  were  farrowed,  and  I  was  c.illcd  uimjii 
to  investigate  for  the  cause.  I  found  that  the  '^ows  were  fed  on 
strong  food,  such  as  barley  meal,  pea  meal  and  the  like,  causing 
the  milk  to  be  too  strong,  and  producing  indigestion  in  the  little 
pigs. 


■  -     -.  "/'I  fv' 


\:  rr-^c::  i /^rroR 


i    •■     .  .•)•.;  silt  ■.;'..;  l.ij  i'v(i  I'uhlly  for  a 

.  .,    .   '  li  t  ri  'i  ;■-.;::  '■;  r;  .'i:iri  .aiddlmgs 

:     I'l.    1..:  -lur:   1  ■,.,.:.;;   v,..!!.:;  .■^n  :'.-  '•>  ',ook 

>,■....    ''f  :  .:r;)  I!-:- ./.•■  :i  ;!/\-,      ':"..'.     '.i.lalso 

..■  ■       '.      v  . M  :    '.:    'I-'.'   f.   1  "      ];'  >■.,■.!  riMc.^  liille 

:•- -mL   1  I'l -v-f  •■  -wr?   -^1       '    r  •-,'  >•»!•;■.  t  .;!,  t,ic  ■^fTu 

:.  .  ij:  ;.  i'/  '.  :  t.  ■_•  I'l.  t  (  f  ".'.'.  '     '   v.'  u'l  '   '.or  !'.;c;)S 


I  (   t' 


;..  I  .\--    ■->.•'  ■!'..  \    l:v:1  liio  pi:'-5  \'  1;  pvt 
\',!  ■  ,"  i':-  "■     ,  .'  \    'I  v-'.rt*  I  t'-r.i  •■,.  .r"S, 


.,    i 


^i>: 


1. 


€'■■  ■ .   :.     <::::/.> '-f,  S;ii;^^c  C:..  OnLxri\ 
...:..    ,   .  ;,^  1.1     ■   ai.  i   ■.  :.j  i!-,l  r   '  L'!..;u- 


v"^'-;    :  ]■!   -  ';cr:i;;;^  :;o  r  r   <•    )•;,  i'f   •!..;  ioi    1  •.:;i:;bcr  ; .  -Ixn',-   a 

;,':■.<•'.■■'■  '"-r '..r.'v  iv.  y  ;-.  v.\;'_";;.;  a:'.  ^•■x..L'-]y  tlii^k  as  lliough 
■:'.;  .,i  !■.■•  '  ■•.  ,-i  '  ;    II  ;  -.:?  ct'"^i',lt'.<i  :r.a:;y  veterinarians, 

: !.  ;!  '-.i^^v  .  •  :■  -  ij,.  •'  ■,vi\.:  t>'  IJr.^'  one  wL:,.  can  clasi^ify  the 
('.1-  vo  It  :•  t:'.  •.  tv  f.i'  :!  ;  >  ;'  rail  know.  It  aflects  pigs  of 
*.:■  .r  ;.'.■<  -.  v!:^  to  i..;:r  ::;>.iuhr  .'1(^ 

T'-o  -;  ','-hy--  ff  Tii;;Kn'i;u;,  .ihont  i  tcaspoonful,  pnurinfj  it 
a])!!,;^  t'"?  l>ack.  Tsually  emu  apjilication  is  sutricii-nt,  hut  a 
SLTon>l,  r/:  po^sirily  a  tliirii,  may  hii  necessary.     It  is  an  absolute 

^"''^-  //.   T.  :fl'>-u;,  Ml.  Morris,  .l/ir/i/ffa>r 

BLIND  STAGGERS,  OR  RUN-AF  OUND.— Pour  one 
tahlespoonful  of   LinseeJ  Oil  i::'.)  tn:!    i.ir 

/.  . /.  /-.,;..,    ji.., •■.•,,.  .v..'7',  K'atltuk}'. 


Inif  I  ■:  t;  !:■>  ;ii   '':-;•:    ■<  '  r   !::\-K   I..'.'  ■'   ■    .^.:    .-..'    <.   .    ■"•'■■•- 

•^.    CL',lci':i.  -.■'.  I"-".  _  •:■'*■-  ."•t;o  7  .'.ail  ;'    .  ••"o.o  : ':  u'.  i  :   IT.  rj 
C};c.'-'':i  ;.i..  -';f  v'v  "-.•-;..     T  n-:  .  t'-.i.  Ii.'.l  w!;.^,  .\/.'.:  :    : 
♦  i.;;t  ■  ii    t  o  .' V  :._  \^'<'^  n':-v  "'■..:■.•• -y.A.  s;\' ■•'■•  J.  ..'..'■'■■■'.'    -;     , 
ai.'::;.'.  r  rt    T  J  l:.::e  \    .i  1.   ru-.l^^    i,(.*   -t,s  ;■  '.;.,;.'■.,;':.  ^    !  ^i 
previ^^-.iy  ;,i.^  ;  /.  '   ;;  i.i  \'- .  '  r:  J  rv  >  (  r  L'rvo  ^  -'■; 

l.i^n-.  ^;"s  ■ '; -r   r'v-;:.  '.;. 

i   .  I  »  ■     -      ■    ' 

Jsr  .  .    . /-  *    ■■ 

,^■.;•!l,  ):;y _' 

^'•^l^  ;'■■•' -    ■-_     ■,-.■■'•- 

i  okc  !'.'>   '.  i '.  <■•.■;■,.  1   .1  i;  1    .,    1  . ..  •;  .    .     <  c  :    ■(._. 
Ma*  .i.r  j.'le  J'-^"  ;  '        '  •    \'      ' 

As.itii;'U..        '> 

SaUrctci 

Put  the  LniicP;';::  r      •"■••■  M.^".".-    ■     :  •a:;"/. 

of  wa'.-r  wl'CTi  boii  ,'y;  ...'.'l  .-'..r  v.  r..;    i!;;.  .  .  .~ci     "  '.  . 

'.';';\-u.v;nis  in  wh^jii  cli.'!  ;iU'i  ..'.c\:..  •  '  "k  w.  ^    , 

•.■•r?l  ii .   !  oi  ^will  or  tr.  ^ '^     "■!  ■:  '        '  -i^  i  . 

■    ,:•     h    ;i-!.ll  !  V  i  ,:  •..  ■  ■■    .  V.  ..• 

■  ,  ■•  (!i^  it  in..:...-  (i  iliV  ii-.^::  roi;].:  :        •  n    .:  '   .  , 
-  ■.  L.'  iiieiu  as  a  drink.     1  u.lV'J  :-^i:.v  ;,;'.vii  luv  ;c-.^:a  l.j 
.    .  '     -,  ..  .  have  tried  it  vi*.!i   :'j'.ic-s. 

,  ■  i-  ;;  ;ino  c;in   also   Le  used  .i^  a  preventive  by  givi::,"  :  :: 
p...:»i.l  c:-C'.      v.'cek  to  ei.i.;I'l  Log,-,  i-r  mu'  a  quail  lo  a  \u.',\. 

/:,.■!.    JVa'.hrr,    M'iraina',//..!-:/-. 

3.    Choi-ra.— .<ui   L:;cliai;j;^  says  that  every  pai>cr    ii-    ,:.: 
Ltu;.  r"    '■■  '■   •n-bh;.h  th',;  f..'-t  t!..it  bf.nib  foru  is  a  sure  c  ■:■ 
H  ,"  CI.     .'u.  .:-■!  ;:!'-.      It  v.  .-  fl:-t  <]i-f"j\'ercd  by  a  t; 
vi  i'u-.ia,  :;i.     it  w;--  \^■-:■c■::•\  t>  il;-  h.';-^  U)  l.c;  c;;:;.'i  ;..■  i-.^": 
Y':\.:r\  ■■  i\'.  "S.:.-.,- wv  .  ■■■-'   t  1.  .  i  '  e:i!  dyi''^;  e:^ch  Jiu' wll.  c!   /   : .. 


i  ' 


if 


730  THE  PRACTICAL  S'lOCK  DOCTOR 

4.  Cholera. — 

Arstiiic }i  pound. 

Cape  Alms "4         " 

]Uiu' Vitriol i^'         " 

riai  k  Antimony 1  ounce. 

/'.'V(-. — Ont;  te.ispoonful  3  tiniLS  a  day,  every 
..'ii.T  clay,  to  a  li.ig  il  i  o  poun^ls  ^v,  :;..lit. 

liatllry Jest,  .lliiui,  Jhijjalo  Co.,    Wisconsin. 

5.  Cholera.  As  a  preventive,  mix  in  the  proportion  of  2 
HuarK  (h.-in-oal  to  t  liaiidful  salt.  Leave  it  where  the  hogs  can 
Iiaw  free  access  to  it.     Do  this  3  or  4  times  a  week. 

D.  Tcrlhish,  Fcuton,  Michigan. 

6.  Cholera.  - 1  reconimeiul  the  following  not  only  as  a  pre- 
ventivr  but  as  a  cure  for  this  scourge  of  swine: 

Sulphur I  pound. 

Saltptter,  pulveri/i'd i       " 

Mailder,  puUeri/id i        " 

lUack  Antimony,  pulvcri/.eil ,'i       " 

Asafetiil.1  2  ounces. 

Mi.v  tliorouj^'hly  together. 

As  a  iireveutive.— Mix  with  the  slop  twice  a  week  in  the 
proportion  of  |  taMcspooufuls  to  five  hogs.  If  they  do  not  eat  it 
at  first,  starve  thcin  to  it.  As  a  cure. — C.ive  in  the  same  propor- 
tion o;u-e  ilaily. 

.\l  1  !' t  half  a  dozen  farnurs  have  told  me  they  have  used 
the  aliove  renied>-  witli  most  excellent  results,  claiming  that  it  is 
the  r)nly   thing    they   have  ever  discovered  that    will  cure  Hog 

^''''''-''■^-  P.  n.  rnrman,  D.tmt,  Michigan. 

7.  Cholera.— Charcoal  and  ashes  is  about  the  best  thing  I 
liave  ever  tried  for  liog  Cholera.        r-  r   t         ni:      ,       ?/■•  1 

8.  Cholera. — The  following  i.-;  an  tnifailing  cure  for  Hog 
Cholera,  an.l  also  a  jjreventive  of  the  diseasv;  ('ive  to  each  hog  i 
teaspoonful  of  White  Ilelleboie  in  f(M;d.      One  dose  is  .sufficient 

Iliram  Graham,  Franklin,  Ptujisylvania,  K.  F.  D.  r,  No.  9. 


;  f 


PRACTICAL  RECIPES  FROM  FARMERS  -/.U 

9.  Cholera. — The  following  formula  is  from  the  Govern- 
ment Veterinarian.  I  have  used  this  remedy,  and  while  it  will 
not  always  cure  the  disease,  it  is  nevertheless  a  good  one. 

Wood  Charcoal i  pound. 

Sulphur I 

Sodium  Chloride 2  pounds. 

Sodium  Kicarlionale 3       " 

Sodium  Ilyposulphate 2       '' 

Sodium  Sulphate i  jxjund. 

Antimony  Sulphide  (Hlack. Antimony  I    I 

flfi.x .     Dose,  1  tahlespoonful  to  a  2«j  i>ound 
hog  once  a  day. 

.,•/.  B.  Droixjn,  Alexandria,  South  Dakota. 

10.  Cholera,  To  Prevent.^Keep  them  from  sleeping  in 
manure  piles  and  old  wet  straw  stacks.  Feed  charred  corn,  salt 
and  sulphur,  and  you  will  not  have  the  disease  in  your  hogs. 

/.   IV.  lliiigs,  Silver  Leaf,  North  Dakota. 

CONSTIPATION  AND  LAMENESS  CAUSED  BY 
STRONG  FEED  AND  WANT  OF  EXERCISE.— Feed  all 

the  wood  ashes  and  salt  they  want  to  eat  and  give  them  a  chance 
to  exercise.  Ernest  Ileitie,  Elleyidale,  North  Dakota. 

COUGH.  -A  small  quantity  of  Venetian  Red  put  into  slop 
and  given  to  hogs  will  stop  cough.  To  a  hog  that  weighs  100 
ixjunds,  give  teiispoonful  at  a  time.  If  not  relieved,  repeat  the 
dose  in  twenty-four  hours.  To  a  larger  hog,  give  a  larger  dose; 
to  a  smaller  hog  a  smaller  dose. 

Giirley  Taylor,  Booneville,  Indiana. 

LAMENESS.— See  Constipation  and  Lamenkss,  given 
by  Ernest  Heine,  EUendale,  North  Dakota. 

2.  Lameness  and  Stiffness.— Give  Sulphur  i  to  2  tea- 
spoonfuls  and  F.psom  Salts  i  to  2  teasiX)onfuls,  according  to  size 
of  hog,  in  the  regular  feed  till  the  bowels  move  freely.  Keep  in 
a  dry  place.  Thomas  Newbgging,  Atwood,  Perth  Co. , Canada. 

LICE.— Sprinkle  hogs  with  undiluted  coal  oil.  Use  plenty, 
and  repeat  in  ten  or  fifteen  days. 

W.  R.  Sedberry,  PittsMd,  Illinois. 


a  f 


i 


'3-^ 


TTi:<   PRACTICAL  F  lOCK'  DOCTOR 


PNEUMONIA.  I  have  found  Tnrjxntini-  -idniinisUml 
by  a  iiictr.!  syriiigo,  %vhich  V.wy  cannot  injure  1'V  hitiiii^^  to  lie 
i'icn;ostsatisfnct<iryof  any  r(.ni(,i!\-.  h'ora  I>ig  of  loo  j-)ounds,  take 
a  tablespooufiil  of  Ttiri-ciitiiio  and  mix  v.hh  half  a  tcanipful  of 
.i:)lk.  Rt'iltice  (l(;se  and  repeat  in  sis;  hums.  If  in  j)ain,  add  30 
dro[)S  of  Laudamiin. 

//.    /'.   .7/<';,-t/.v,  .h'L    ,'/'■///.'.,  Mu-/;li^,7/i. 

RHEUMATISM;  ALSO  LICE.-  Rub  uell  with  kerosene 
oil.      It  wi!!  not  take  tli'    'a.-.ir  0:1. 

jK'fii;  I'.    WoodtxpJ,  A(.\'  Co)iitrstou-;i,  Cltio 

SCOURS  IN  PIGS. — This  is  a  coiunion  and  dangerous 
ailment  in  joung  pigs,  an'  in  rao.^t  frequently  caii.-,ed  by  feeding 
dam  too  much  ricli  slop  too  soon  after  farrowiuf^.  If  pigs  get 
Scours,  whicli  will  soon  be  noticed  In-  the  whiie  excrement  and 
,i;eiieral  appearance,  take  i  teaspoonful  of  Cot-.pcra';,  dis.-olve  and 
put  into  a  little  swill  for  the  sow  and  slack  up  on  the  slop  feed 
for  sow  until  pigs  get  older.  If  jjigs  get  Scours  after  weaning, 
give  Copjjeras  to  them      One  or  two  doses  will  cure, 

T.  M.  /funic,   Wiu'idinJun,  Kentucky. 

2.  Scours,  To  Prevent  in  Young  Pig's.-  -For  each  pig 
i-ive  one  tables; loe'nf.il  of  rit-slaked  lime  two  or  thr^-e  times  1 
week.  Thi.  i  an  excelicnt  remedy  at  all  times  with  feeding  hogs. 
I  lia\e  pursued  tlie  course  of 
week  and  making  the  s';or,  a.s 
it  in  rinall  ij-i:r 'li'.,-,  so 


SIX  or  Sf\-en 


'!in!s, 


til  at  i 
I  ':n-< 


i;;>(>nig  my  feeding  hogs  twice  a 
on^  wish  Irre  n-  tliey  will  take 
V  1m  ail  \\o;:iil  m-;  t;,ke  n.ore  \\\;\\\ 


l-.-s  1. 


■  fiiscM'v, 


V/ORMS  fSTC/.;/:C 

SI;  U..K-  <■{  Ir  .:i. 
Gent;;:-    -r    ...;-'. 

Q'.Kf.  the  a'x.ve  i  1  e.^c'i 


■T-w.i  ;:i,::c-;C2  : 


•..   <■   .A 


^.>   -     o" 


Vv'^ilicr  IVIdtuld.  Sk    /I' 


i»%jiBr 


I'KACTICAL  P<«:CIPKS  FROM  FARMKRS  /.^.i 

2.  Worms.  -  Give  in  milk  one  tcaspoonful  of  Tin  pi.iUim-  for 
each  \>n:,  i\,ii.f  a  wn-k  bcfori.-  feeding  in  the  uiorninj;.  I  kept  this 
U])  for  two  weekN  with  good  rc^iults.  I'ut  Tin  peiitiiie  ^Mid  niiik  in 
ironj^h  in  above  proportion. 

/'.    Tcr/iufh^   l'',,Uo'i,  Muhigan. 


kr-MKDIBS  rOK  CHICKENS 

CHICKENS,  SUGGESTIONS   FOR   CARE   CP.-A 

vfiry  good  ihirij;  for  cl:ic!:ens  i.'-  a  sood  si.-ed  pile  of  s:'.:id  ar,i 
gravel  f'-r  tl^ein  to  dii-l  rmd  fee-'",  m.  Co.i'.;e!l  nieafs.  zAc-n  gro'.ind 
'v.)ne.s  nnd  cia'^kli::-;.  r:..i:i  'Siji  t  ■.;:..'.'::..-'.>  ke'ik,  ■:.-•:  ;;  -od  \i  \:\.\j,z 

-■--sby.  .7.  V  p,-:.x::.  Poh,  i:::;.c::. 

CIIGl^l^.i. -•...-    ^.  ::;.,>::,;:     '-Do;:.!-.?   MXtnre,"    i>    rv 

Chcl:;"\  v.;-re,  .■.:  i ;.-  ■^■.^  sjlc^v.'-.v.*  '^:  .:  :o  J.-:^  :.:  ai:y  linic  tc  jr^- 
Vf.t  <■';;•. -I.;. 

a.^-'"'"  .V  A-/;/;-.— D;?;^o:\  u  *,  I-.;;:;-  o^  ,>;'p:.u:c  <J  Ircn 
!;;rt-Mi  o.pn'vr.i- )  !a  i  5^.:!'on  t.f  rv'i  ■  'i\)  -:.•  j^:i:-r  gr:llon  of 
\%at;r  O'M  ra;v;':;:'v  ^  -v.c  'f  r!!;>  ^iil^i'.ur! ::  A  ;-.!  Mi;;  Ike; 
tv.  .  [-Zi-L-:^-  11  .:  j-i:./  r  li  k.-^;)  -t  ti^;',t;',-  c-rkcJ. 

.'"'■■■ —Vi' ■:■■.   I   Ic.'.f .)  i.n.'j     t'>   2  J.  .t^iesp^ctifuli 

n.  C'^o'.T". — So.-:"-:  rcr-i  r.t  .-.t-  ''\.:a'.i  ui  kerosene  fur  t^'.e;  e 
V-';;:-^  ,;:.  :    '  ;  !;■:;  j„:    i'l  cl'   f  .j^n      Sure    cure  T-r  Chicken 

J.  Cholf-ra.-Mix  ;)  t  il,:c-p->- -d;!  .J  C..rbolic  Acid  in  a 
bu-ke'fv'  '  ■  -  .;.'-.'  ■     ■  ■  ■:  ^v-:;  ;::  -J  'vl'!. 

4-   Chole-a.  - 

C>->!  i;  .Me;i! 40  p.irts 

l.!:nk   l\ppi.;r  1  j:.;rt. 

I  feed  the  f;''u\e  freely  -at  tlie  first  sis^ns  of  Cliiekeii  Chok^ra 
(t  iC'.ins  10  be  i\  I'God  tonic  tor  chickens. 


■  ^  m  ^ 

i|fl|  J 

,  ■* 

mm 

I  ' 


734 


TIIIv  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


5.  Cholera,  to  Prevent.  C.ive  as  a  drink,  equal  parts  of 
Alum  ami  Saltjxiter  dissolved  in  pun.-  water. 

Hiram  (irahnm,  /'nDiklin,  JLinisvliaiiia,  A'.  /•'.  D.  /,  A'o.  1^. 

6.  Cholera,  to  Prevent.  -Clriud  Salts  in  drinking  water, 
I  teaspoonful  to  a  gallon  of  water. 

F.  .'/.  Hio'.iit,  h'iil,  k'i>ii;/ts/nr  Co.,  Oklahoma. 

7.  Cholera.— Give  the  sick  fowls  i  teasjwonful  each  of 
Castor  Oil,  and  follow  this  with  Carbolic  Acid  in  the  drinking 
water—'.'  teaspoonful  of  Carbolic  Acid  to  i  gallon  of  water. 
Isolate  the  sick  fowls. 

/i.  ^".  Wood,  Mt.  (Jilead,  Mortow  Co.,  Ohio. 

8.  Cholera. — Dissolve  i  pound  Copjieras  in  2  gallons  water 
and  add  2  ounces  Sulplmric  Acid.  Dose:  One  ounce  of  the 
solution  in  one  quart  of  water  once  a  week, 

D.  'Jet Hush,  Kiiton,  Michigan. 

GAPES,  A  SURE  CURE  FOR.-Place  the  chicken  in  a 
tight  bo.x,  and  spread  a  thin  cloth  over  the  box.  On  this  cloth 
put  a  handful  of  air-.slaked  lime:  shake  it  p;ently  to  cause  the 
lime  to  sift  through.  The  chicken  will  gape  and  swallow  the 
lime,  and  this  will  kill  the  worms.  Care  must  be  taken  to  not 
leave  the  chicken  covered  too  long  or  it  will  suffocate.  If  used 
properly,  the  chicken  will  surely  recover. 

James  M.  Ross,  Fairmont,  Marion  Co.,  IVtst  rir^inia. 

2.   Gapes.     For  Gai)es   use  crude  oil  about    their  feeding 

troughs  and  run.s.  ,,,   ..    ,-,      ,        „    ,.      ,,.,,... 

IV.  .S.  btarchcr,  Hit  hit,  WiU  I  tif^mia. 

LICE. — Take  du^t  from  the  road  and  wood  ashes,  about 

three  times  as  much  of  the  dust  as  of  the  ashes,  mix  and  keep 

dry  for  chickens  to  dust  in.  ,^    ,.    ,, ,      1  ■  ,        .^,  ■ 

I),  r.  I'lkc,  I.is/ioii,  Ohio. 

2.  Lice.— Spray  the  chicken  house  twice  a  month  in  warm 

weather  with  kerosene  or  coal  oil  and  water  in  equal  parts.     It 

is  fine  to  kill  lice. 

E.  C.  Wood,  Mt.  Gilead,  Morrow  Co.,  Ohio. 

3.  Lice  on  Chickenp..— Tn  n  dry  tfme  gather  and  sift  dry 
road  dust  and  keep  in  a  dry  place  where  the  chickens  can  get  at 


PRACTICAL  Ui;CII'ES  IRON!   FARMlvRS 


',V> 


it,  tnixitiR  ashes  with  it.  For  instance,  take  a  box  al)Oiit  2  feet 
square  by  i  foot  hi^h,  and  put  into  it  !.{  wood  ashes  to  ?i  dust, 
inixinj^  them  up  together.  In  the  tall  gather  the  dust  for  winter 
use  and  store  in  a  dry  place.     I  gathereil  several  bushels  last  fall. 

D.  F.  IHkc,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 

PARASITIC  BOWEL  DISEASE  OF  CHICKENS. 
"A  trouble  that  kills  thousands  of  young  chickens."  -Dissolve 
20  grains  Citrate  of  Iron  in  a  pint  of  water.  IMace  this  where 
the  chickens  may  have  free  access  to  drinking  basins.  Kepi-at 
every  day  until  relieved  of  trouble.  Used  successfully  by  Mrs. 
Haynes  for  years.  ^has.  E.  Haynes,  Ililhboro,  Ohio. 

ROUP. — Mix  lard  and  Sulphur,  make  pills  and  place  in 
their  throats.     Also  grease  their  heads  with  coal  oil. 

W.  R.  Sedbcrry,  Pithjidd,  Illinois. 

2.  Roup. — Take  a  chicken  and  stick  head  in  coal  oil  over 
the  nostrils  until  it  breathes  once.  By  that  time  it  will  have 
inhaled  enough  to  effect  a  sure  cure. 

D.  B.  Freeman,  Detroit,  Miihigan. 

SCALY  LEGS. — Mix  i  teaspoonful  of  kerosene  oil  with  2 
or  3  ounces  of  lard — or  in  that  proportion — and  thoroughly  grease 
the  shanks  of  the  afflicted  fowls.  This  will  kill  the  mites  that 
cause  the  trouble.  ^   TerBush,  Fenton,  Michigan. 

2.  Scaly  Legs.  —For  Scaly  Legs  dip  the  feet  in  crude  oil 
or  blackstrap. 

W.  S.  Slanhcr,  Bctlin,   West  I'irginia. 


Note. — The  lorcj;oiii>;  recipes  liavc  been  collected,  -'.nd  compiled  witn 
i^iuch  care,  l"ri>iii  iii.iny  of  the  most  reliable  farmers  r.|i(:  stock  owners,  and 
Dr.  VVateruiati  is  in  no  wise  responsible  for  the  remedies  '•■■.1  this  department. 

I'l  I5LISHHRS. 


r.:.'. .  _. 


:   i.\zmsG 


n  \ 


.1           :-?  ," 

''■''••'  ''                                      -.-.-rrn  tlif  hrc^'dinr.^ 

f 

■;:i... 

■  '•••'-•"i;                         ,    >  bo  applied  bv 

t 

■■■  -'   c:.  ' :"  ::'.' 

■5  o:  .-*:.:;  ,  ,,r,-  t  jr."*    "•;  ^  Ii  1 

:.. 

...:•:,    TTd    y..            ■!   -n    fru.  , 

r 

■r.   .  f.  izc  :  :■.. 

.c  ni^!-.;    .  '   ■'.'.rjvrM     -^ces.     'i\  ,'•> 

f  " 

:■  ■   ^  '•'.■[  tv.. 

;;.J     '^:'.   :q?  tn  t':.    ■        •'  .  -.;;;.-:  ;.-  : 

■ 

' "  ''.■.' -^  '' 

,    ■          '!"■■'  !.;..!.-iu'                ■'!--!•:'  •;-- 

• 

■^  .S         1  .   *4  i    L  '   .     . 

.-'l^Cli- 

;  ■  1  :  r  o 
.     ■: '  :iairrc. 


■  i-.C'l  to  .1;  :.  c;.    . 

r  liic  -])cc;.-il  pLiLO  i!;   v  iiil  Iw  .'  .   ,  , 
"CSs  oi'  I'liiniiin'.i.  ni  of   \,  ouiv  iniln  iihi  ,1  -  ■.   ■  • 

:>■   ihioi;;;'i   ihc  '-irMiiL;x'>t   liKiiu   in   ihc     '      ,      ;    ! 
fill    'ho    \,  cal.Iiiii;>   ni'i!    Inn--  ;iiin;^    the      .       .;••' 
.  i      -y  ■,-  1,,.  rci-ins  his  \i:;"r:  lit:.  ;,,_•  !■    ^r 
:  ""     '  ■   ^■  '■■  ':■    i  r  lu;  !k(.".m'     • 
'  UiioriiCiil   \\ :., 
.\  ^   .......;als  i;iu!   fowl     ' 


PROFITABLE  BREKDIXr, 


iM 


11,'^ 
hv 
11  r 


lit  coim-  iliroiig!'  cciutirii.i  of  itaiiual  rlictiDii.  .niil  acciuiiiti 
fur  ilu'  tnicric->s  with  wliicli  llu)  liri.i.cl  in  i\|n.-.  li  also  [>oiiii> 
(Hit  til  liic  hrt'cdcr  the  liiu's  he  mn-'l  foll^iw  I'l  iii>urt'  siiccc!-.'--, 
and  to  retain  valiial)lc  ciiaraeti  ii--tu-.-.  in  liis  hin!  or  llock  uiice 
he  ha>  sn'tireil  tiicni. 

Hm  ilmse  animals  ami  fowls  that  have  heconic  doniesti- 
eated.  and  arc  a  ticii^sity  to  the  comfort  and  well-bcin^'  of 
mankind,  are  no  l.Mij^'er  >ul>jeei  to  this  proce>s  of  natural 
sclcclion  uliich  present  wild  animals  from  deterioration; 
so  man  i>  obliged  to  take  u\)i'i\  himself  the  work  of 
selecting  the  aiiimaN  wliieli  he  deems  best  fitted  to  maintain 
she  tloek  or  herd.  To  do  this  sueeessftilly  the  breeder  tmist 
decide  upon  tiic  characteristics  which  he  deems  the  most 
necessary  and  desirable  in  his  li\c  stock,  and  by  a  jjrocess  of 
selection  not  only  maintain  them  in  the  pn',i;eny,  but,  at  the 
>ame  time,  add  to  and  concentrate  such  characters  bo  as  to 
insure  their  perpetuation  in  fnliirc  generations. 

This  is  the  work  of  the  breeder,  and  cannoi  be  success- 
fnlly  tindertaken  by  the  j:;eneral  farmer.  The  nioie  conceii- 
irated  the  work  of  the  breeder,  the  more  closely  he  confines 
himself  to  ,1  sinj;le  breed,  the  more  certain  will  be  his  success. 
In  the  SI  led  ion  of  sires  for  his  llock  or  herd  he  must  iimi  only' 
become  a  siudeiii  of  ilie  n.atural  laws  which  control  the  breed- 
inj^  of  animals,  but  his  eye  nuist  be  educated  to  enable  him 
to  select  such  animals  as,  fri^mi  their  conf'>rniatioii  and  .general 
characteristics,  will  most  likel)-  i)rove  valuable  sires.  He 
should  alsiT  know  their  breeding,  and  decide  whether  their 
ancestors  have  had  those  characteristics  so  thoroughly  estab- 
lished in  them  by  a  concentration  of  blood  that  will  insure 
them  being  perpetuated  in  their  ofTspring. 

The  time  and  study  recpiired.  and  the  failures  that  must 

be  met  from  time  to  time  in  carrying  on  this  work,  makes  it 

biipiiics.s  apart  from  liial  oi  the  general  larniei,  aiiu  conhnes 
47 


.yjisrtfril 


■ 


7.^S 


THE  IRACTICAI,  MOCK  DOCTOR 


it  to  experts  ulio  aro  willing;-  to  devote  ;il 
llir  work,  and  unit  paiimtlv  Tor  the  .succcs- 
li'  aclii(.\c  from   their  clTorts. 


tlu'ir  ciicripo  to 
uliicli  liiey  expect 


RELATION  OF  THE  BREEDER  TO  THE 
GENERAL  FARMER 

As  the  .irriiera!  farmer  uhn  make<  th.-  raiMii-  of  live  stock 
a  part  of  his  hnsinr-s.  muM  Io,,l,  ,,,  ,i„i,-  i,;;.,,,,,  ,ment  as  a 
necess.ty  to  add  to  ,he,r  value  and  inrrea^'  the  i.u-o.ne  derived 
from  tliem.  he  vsill  miturally  avail  himself  r.f  (lie  work  of  the 
expert  hree.ler  as  an  eliieiem  aid  to  this  de^rahle  end.  hVom 
bim  he  ean  Meme  sires  uhieh  utll  he  so  .iro,.-Iv  hre.l  i>i  the 
In.r  wlneh  he  ha.^  marked  o„i  ihat  eaeh  -eneralion  will  .how 
a  Mea.iy  improvement,  wiiile  ihe  farmer  i^  ,sp;,,-ed  the  l.,.s  of 
time,  stttdy  and  rxpense  uhudi  he  w<mld  iiave  to  meet  pro- 
dded he  iinderlook   to  lured   >neh   sires  idmself. 

So  the  hreeder  ..f  improved  liw  stoek  i-  realiv  a  neeessity 
to  the  -enera!  f.irmer.  and  enahh  .  him  to  earrv  "on  the  work 
of  improvin;.-  hi,  her,!  or  lloek  at  a  mmimum  o"f  time  and  ex- 
pense, and  with  a  j^reater  eertainiy  of  .ueee>s.  The  relations 
I.etween  them  should  he  eor.hal.  and  mutuallv  helpful.  The 
farmer  shot,hI  aim  to  coneet.trate  in  his  live  stock  ■.such  lines 
of  unproved  hlood  as  have  proved  of  the  .^.reaiest  value,  and 
adhere  to  thetn  so  lon^  as  they  prove  satisfactorv.  As  the 
hrnl  or  Hock  hecomes  more  valu.ahle  through  the  acquirement 
of  <lesn-cd  characters,  the  selection  of  .ire.  ,o  continue  the 
-mprovement  and.  hol.l  what  ha.  heen  .gained  will  prove  more 
difficult,  and  the  safest  cour.-e  is  to  test  the  new  sire  on  a 
few  icnialcs  before  using,^  him  generally. 

After  a  few  cros^e.  of  pure  hred  sire,  iiave  heen  made,  some 
farmers  assume   that   the   han.Isome  youn^^  grade   male  pro- 


■i.attP'''  ^-^i  •■-.'sHyfcA' 


.  £*>i,i!te 


-all 


..-.'■.     .\^ 


*E3^'.i4iSMV 


iNi^v;- 


THE  RRKKDEK  AND    ril].;  (UiNHRAi,  FARMER  7.?9 

(iucc'l  ill  In>  licrd  cr  tlcck  will  l>o  ^noil  cmmgli  to  ii^c,  and 
i!iti>  -,i\c'  ilic  cxikiisl'  <  t  pui-ch.i>inj4-  a  now  sire.  Nearly  iii- 
vanal.ly  this  e(.iir>e  re-ulls  in  (kteriuratiMii,  and  uiial  is  tlius 
lost  nin>t  he  rcL^aincd  by  eliminating;  the  olt'spring  of  the 
prade  sire,  and  the  selection  of  a  pnre  bred  of  the  best  possible 
tyjie  ti  1  take  his  place. 

To  carefnl  bicedin-'  nni-;i  be  added  pond  fecdint;  and 
care.  '1  he  t'arnicr.  ii'  lu'  i-.  inexjieric  need  in  this  flirection, 
shonld  watch  the  sy-tem  I'ollowed  by  the  more  snccessfnl  of 
his  nei.i,dibors.  .'^o  mnrh  depends  ni)on  liberal  feedini,'-  and 
^ntod  care  th.it  the  farmer  c;innoi  -ive  this  qnestion  too  nuich 
attention,  liis  aim  shmild  be  to  keep  his  stock  in  good  con- 
dition at  all  time-,  and  irw  fnun  disea-e  and  parasites,  which 
is  aI)solntely  es-enlial  if  li\e  stock  is  to  do  well  and  make 
g<iod  use  of  tin-  fiM.d  consnmed.  Contentment  is  a  \alnable 
thing  to  .-nre  in  all  liranclus  of  li\c  -tock.  as  it  is  an  el'ticient 
aid  to  their  iu.dth.  i-<'mf(>rt  and  growth. 


m^mswi,m^Tt0m.ifir 


Hiip 


5*  iia 


ifpiflf!  r 


N< 


i' 


II 


)Wf 


i  m-    •; 
'  ■  *f  1  i     * 


S! 


THE  FARM  HORSE 


In  Iirccdiiii;  Imr.-ts  ii<r  ii^c  i<u  the  farm,  tlicro  arc  several 
<|iu'sli(.iis  tliat  should  i)i-  ;4:\en  at  tint  inn.  It  i>  e.-siiuial  that 
thr  class  nf  worU  tluy  arc  i\p(.floil  to  perfnriii,  as  settled  by 
tlie  system  of  farm  practice  imr^ucd,  vIkhiKI  he  considered.  If 
II  1-  devoted  lar,i;ely  to  the  ]>roduction  of  grain,  entailing-  a 
large  amount  of  plouing.  lu'.rrow  in<j  and  harvesting,  a  good 
lu,;vy  team  will  he  rc(niired;  hut  if  dairying  or  the  raising  of 
live  stock'  is  given  first  place  on  the  farm,  entailing  less  heavy 
Work,  and  a  consid(.rahle  part  of  the  farm  is  in  grass,  lig-hter 
teams  may  he  foimd  more  desirable  because  cpiickcr  in  their 
iiio\rmenis  ami  cajialije  of  being  used  for  a  different  ])urpose. 
Sucl  team--  rightly  belong  to  what  are  termed  the  "general 
purpose"  class.  'Jluy  are  heavy  enough  for  ordinary  farm 
work,  and  can  also  be  used  on  the  road. 

In  breeding  cither  of  the  class  of  h<irses  referred  to  pure- 
bred sires  are  an  essential,  and  these  sires  should  be  given 
a  rigid  inspection  so  as  to  insure  their  Ircedom  from  disease 
and  heredit.ary  weaknesses.  The  stallion  should  not  be  too 
heavy  for  hi-  bone,  and  his  weight  should  come  largely  from 
I'one  and  muscle,  not  from  fat.  The  heavy  feeding  practiced 
by  some  stallion  owners  to  give  weight  to  their  animals  is 
ajtl  to  deceive  those  who  use  them,  and  usually  injures  tlic 
breeding  (pi.-dities  of  the  animals.  In  .sections  where  corn  is 
largely  grown  and  cheap,  it  is  frequently  used  to  produce 
weight  quickly,  as  its  fattening  qualities,  so  valuable  in  feed- 
ing meat-producing  animals  lor  market,  does  not  add  either 
to  the  (piality  or  weight  of  bone,  and  lunce  is  not  a  gr,od  grain 
for  breeding  animals.  For  horses  there  is  nothing  superior  to 
oats  as  grain,  and  early  cut  and  well  cured  timothy  hay  for 
roughage.  To  this  may  be  added  ground  barley,  bran,  and 
oil  meal.  For  work  horses  a  mixture  of  oats  and  corn,  with 
timothy  hay,  will  be  found  e.xccllent  as  a  general  diet,  vvhicl> 

740 


.'?*;?«'  - .  'iY'  /!*!«*' sf''  '^^^rmesmmvw^^>'mmmmsi:f^fgmnj^smaBKmx 


■I 


II 


A   Good,  Ckneral-I'ukpksb   Team. 
■Deep  rHKSTEi),  Strong  I^kgs,  Oood  Wivn. 


■t*»^ 


■HI, 


.  .uit.r-' 


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...-V/gt^.      „.^:.: 


THE  FARM  HORSE 


741 


may  Ijc  nioilificil  witli  ullicr  grain.--  and  n.uyli.igc  as  they  may 
I)c  available. 

As  to  the  most  desirable  weight  for  ,'arin  Ikmsi's  farmers 
will  naturally  differ,  according  to  the  practice  pursned  and 
their  environment.  While  some  will  prefer  teams  of  V.KX) 
to  y,Gl)U  ])ounds.  when  in  good  condition,  others  will  choose 
tho>e  of  •.'.sou  to  ;i,l(in  i)onnds— the  latter  an  extreme  weight 
for  a  farm  team,  but  very  desira!)le  in  large  U,\\us  and  cities 
for  trucking  purp<ises.  If  a  heavy  team  is  kept  >>\\  the  farm, 
a  lighter  one  should  also  be  kept  to  do  the  lighter  u.irk.  as 
horses  of  I.'IOO  to  I.'IUO  pounds  should  always  be  dri\in  at  a 
walk,  and  hence  require  much  more  time  to  acconipli-h  a 
light  job  than  the  "grneral  purpose"  animal. 

In  breeding  the  lighter  teams  referred  to  the  Percheron 
and  Suffolk  Punch  will  be  found  most  desirable.  The  Per- 
cheron sire  should  be  of  the  conformation  and  weight  general 
in  tlie  breed  before  the  introductitiU  of  the  blot)d  of  the  Bel- 
gian or  I'rench  draft  to  increase  their  size  and  weight — that 
is  from  l,;),"iO  to  1.'>W  pounds.  The  original  Percheron  could 
travel  all  day  at  a  gait  of  10  to  P3  miles  an  hour.  In  selecting 
a  stallion  to  breed  to,  choose  an  active,  high-headed  animal, 
with  good  action  at  the  trot,  close  cou])led,  with  broad  chest 
and  loin,  massive  neck,  well  muscled  cpiarlers,  strong  in  the 
stille,  with  clean  flat  bone  and  sound  feet.  .Such  a  sire,  if 
crossed  upon  a  good  grade  mare,  will  be  sure  to  produce  a 
good  colt,  the  size  and  weight  depending  somewhat  on  the 
dam.  Generally  excellent  animals  of  the  general  purpose  class 
can  be  bred  in  this  way,  especially  if  the  mare  comes  from 
a  lighter  breed  than  the  sire,  and  has  some  trotting  blood  in 
her. 

For  tlie  heavier  class  of  horses  referred  to,  the  Clydes- 
dale, l-'nglish  Shire  an<l  P.elgian  sires  will  give  the  best  re- 
sults, with  the  Clydesdale  rather  more  po])ular  than  the  others 
l)ecause  of  his  exceptionally  stning  tlat  bone  and  good  feet. 
Both  tiie  Clytlesdale  anil  Shire  carry  a  hea\y  "feather"  from 


■^.V<' 


^^ 


742 


THR  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


mf  \  t 


i  .-1$!   I 


half  way  <!oun  the  k'trs  tn  tlic  kniock  joint,  an. I  the  (luality  of 
this  "feather"  is  -.•nerally  accepled  l,y  lireclers  as  indica'tiiii,' 
the  class  of  l.onc  it  covers.  If  the  hair  is  fine,  soft  and  >ilkv 
in  tcxtnre,  tlic  hone  nnder  it  will  W-  duise.  hard  and  clean. 
If.  on  the  other  hand,  the  hair  is  heavy,  car-e.  and  inclined 
1o  cnri,  the  h,,ne  inider  it  will  I,i-  fonnd  li-ht  and  porons.  and 
very  subject  to  injnry.  An  injnry  to  a  iinil.  with  snch  hone 
is  ditticnlt  to  cnre,  and  frcpiently  becomes  a  permanent  blem- 
isli,  detractin,i;  -really  from  the  value  of  the  animal.  The 
hony  .structure  of  a  hurse.  like  the  foundati,m  of  a  Iniildinjr. 
must  be  stron-  and  endurin-,  or  the  sitper^tructure.  no  matter 
how  perfect  it  may  appear,  will  prove  weak  and  unreliable 

The  stallion  when  bred  to  should  be  in  perfect  health,  not 
overworked,  and  active  and  vigorous.  He  shoidd  also  be 
fully  matured,  but  not  so  uld  as  to  sup-est  any  weakening  of 
his  productive  i^owers.  The  dam  should  also  be  in  fair  con- 
<lition,  not  fat.  active  and  viyonnis.  .^he  shoul.l  be  entirely 
free  from  hereditary  defects  of  the  bony  structure,  and  per- 
fectly sound. 

After  the  colt  has  been  weaned  it  shouhl  be  fed  liJieralU 
and  kept  growing  ripht  alounr.  it  should  not  be  h.nised  too 
closely  dnrinej  the  winter  season,  and  allowed  to  ijet  plenty 
of  fresh  air  and  exerci-e.  In  the  winter  se.ison,  and  durinjx 
the  cold  nights  of  late  fall  and  early  si)rin.tr,  the  colt  should 
be  confined  in  a  yard  in  which  there  is  an  oi)en  shed  with  a 
southern  exposure,  in  which  the  colt  will  be  perfectly  dry 
and  shellered  from  cold  rains  ;ind  snow<.  .\l,in<,'  the' back 
of  the  shed  should  be  a  m;innvr  in  which  some  rouoh;ii.-o 
shf>uld  be  kept,  such  .a-,  hay,  well  cured  corn-fodder  or  liright 
oat  straw.  A  liKht  icvi]  >>i  -round  -rain  should  be  t;iveu  once 
a  ilay.  Oats.  cm.  wheat  l)r;in.  b;irle\-  and  ,,il  me;d  cm  be 
ntili/i'd  for  this  purpose,  .and  the  r.iliou  varied  fr..in  time  to 
time. 

The   \:,r,l   in    Ahirh   the   ..pen   ^he.l   -tands  >h.uild   be  kept 
free  fr..m  .  .bMnicti.  .n^,  l,axe  a  g...id  Mipi>ly  .,|  pure  waler,  ac- 


fc-A-j^  mi 


'"\''iJ4'.iiLi-:!^Lji'\ 


\y-^::Ptl^i>',-  :t 


THE  FARM  HORSE 


743 


ccssililc  at  all  times.  The  yard  will  f,nve  the  colt  ample  room 
for  exercise  and  an  nnliniited  supply  of  fresh  air.  If  there 
are  several  colts  in  the  incli>5urc  so  much  the  Ijctter,  as  they 
will  he  more  contented. 

When  turned  to  pasture  in  the  sprinp:,  and  this  should 
not  he  done  too  early,  prnxi'^ifm  for  an  ani]de  supply  of  pure 
water  shouhl  he  madr.  Ton  often  the  only  water  ohtainable 
in  a  pasture  field  is  f n  im  a  niudhok-  or  runnin<;'  >lream,  sul)iect 
to  contamination  from  all  sorts  of  refuse,  the  drainage  from 
which  is  carried  into  the  stream  hy  rains  and  melting  snows. 
Yards  and  pastures  in  which  colts  run  should  be  free  from 
obstructions  or  gullies,  which  are  frequently  the  cause  of 
injury  to  colts;  and  may  result  in  bliinishes  and  permanent 
unsoundness,  which  would  seriously  affect  the  value  of  the 
animal.  Inclosures  should  also  be  fenced  so  that  the  colts 
cannot  get  out  if  so  inclined.  (  )f  course  the  use  of  barbed 
wire  to  inclose  any  yard  or  field  in  which  colts  or  mature 
horses  are  confined  should  not  be  thought  of. 

Crowing  colts  should  be  kept  as  free  as  possible  from 
both  external  and  internal  parasites.  They  cannot  do  well,  no 
matter  how  well  they  may  be  fed  and  cared  for  if  tormented 
night  and  dav  by  lice  and  the  various  forms  of  internal  para- 
sites which  the  hor-e  family  is  subject  to.  The  failure  to 
put  on  flesh  as  they  should  when  lilierally  fed,  with  the  rough 
staring  coat  which  is  alw.iys  an  indication  of  the  presence  of 
lice,  can  be  reailiiy  noted  by  the  farmer,  and  measures  should 
at  once  be  taken  to  rid  tin-  colt  of  the  constant  worry  caused 
by  them.  To  detect  the  ])resence  of  internal  i)arasites  the 
droppings  of  the  colt  should  be  watched,  and  the  effective 
remedies  to  be  had  at  e\ery  drug  store  used  at  once.  It  is 
also  well  to  sjiray  the  opLii  ■'lied  and  yard  with  some  prepara- 
tion that  will  destroy  the  larvie  or  young  of  these  parasites. 
If  e'ich  farmer  ;ind  stock  lirecder  would  give  this  matter  more 
attention  the  nund)er  of  tlu>c  pests  wouUl  soon  show  a  great 
decrease,  to  the  comfort  of  all  lire  stock  and  the  financial 
In-nefit  of  their  owners. 


i  Hw 


iMmym 


^•iit^';^',"*-;^  'l>r.  ■?«;■' 


,  tv. 


•44 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


1 

Whi 

w 

i 

t    "■   -I 


1*  f  d 


When  cults  arc  full  j^rnwn  tltc  fanner  imisi  decide  as  to 
wiii'tiicr  lu  >liall  place  llicin  on  the  market  or  retain  tliein 
on  the  farm.  If  there  are  a  nnmber.  and  sonic  are  to  be  sold 
and  others  kept  on  the  farm,  those  he  intends  to  sell  should 
he  put  in  good  condition  and  well  groomed  before  shipment. 
A  horse  thin  in  tlesh  never  sills  to  advantage,  ami  a  smooth, 
shiny  coat,  as  the  result  of  goo.l  feeding  and  care,  is  a  great 
aid  in  securing  a  fair  jirice.  lie  will  also  find  it  to  his  ad- 
vantage to  sell  the  luaviot  ones  and  retain  the  lighter  ones 
on  the  farm.  The  he.ivier  one-  will  bring  the  most  money, 
while  the  lighter  ones  will  be  found  fidly  as  n.seful  on  the 
farm.  Tluy  can  do  more  work  in  a  sliorter  .sjiace  of  time,  and 
can  betur  stand  the  active  work  of  the  farm.  The  heavy 
Colts  will  go  to  the  cities  for  trucking  ]>nrposes,  and  are 
seldom  dri\en  faster  than  a  walk,  and  that  generallv  on  pave- 
ments. iira\y  weights  and  a  fast  walk  are  very  desirable 
in  trucking  hor-ts.  and  if  they  are  well  matched  in  conforma- 
tion, weight  and  coUm",  it  will  add  materially  to  the  price  tiiev 
will  bring  in  the  big  city  markets. 

Farmers  who  take  an  interest  in  breeding  horses  could 
make  it  a  paying  bnsiness  by  keeping  a  couple  of  teams  of 
brood  marcs  to  do  the  work  of  the  farm,  and  breeding  them 
to  a  good  stallion  each  year.  These  mares  should  run  from 
1,300  to  l.liOO  pounds  in  weight,  be  good  'Trades  of  some 
special  breed— probably  rcrcheron  grades  would  be  best  for 
this  purpose.  These  mares  could  be  bred  to  a  pure-bred 
stallion  of  one  of  the  draft  breeds  of  good  conformation,  and 
the  colts  from  such  breeding  woidd  match  up  well.  A  well- 
matched  team  of  heavy  draft  hordes  always  comtTiands  a  good 
l.rice.  and  their  dams,  while  doing  the  work  of  the  farm, 
would  furnish  the  basis  for  two  such  teams  every  year.  The 
cost  of  r.-r'-ng  such  colts  would  be  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
and  there  would  be  little  chance  of  the  breeder  sustaining  any 
lo<s. 


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JTlil 


CATTLE  BREEDING 


Farmers  in  the  United  States  an-l  the  Canadian  Provinces 
arc  largely  interested  in  the  cattle  industry  anrj  its  present  and 
future  conditions.  As  these  change  fr-m  tune  to  time  as  the 
result  of  vast  areas  of  new  territory  being  opened  l.y  settlers, 
and  market  demaiids  for  leats  and  dairy  products  otTcring 
l)ctter  returns  to  the  feeder  and  dairyman,  tiie  industry  will 
continue  to  e.v.pand.  The  great  increase  in  population  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  T'nited  States  as  the  natural  result  of  im- 
proved manufact.iring  and  trade  conditions  has  greatly 
stimulated  the  den.  nd  for  the  products  of  this  industrv,  and 
caused  a  great  advance  in  their  values.  .S.  far  is  can  '  e 
foreseen  there  is  no  probability  that  present  favorable  condi- 
tions will  not  be  maintained  for  .some  time  at  least,  if  nut  in- 
definitely. 

Of   the   great    importance   of   Uic   cattle    industr      to   the 
country  there  can  be  no  dispute.     It   is  an  absolute  essentia 
to  its  prosperity,  atul  can  only  attain  its  greatest  development 
among  an  active  and  prosperous  people. 

The  conditions  under  which  cattle  arc  maintained  -»n 
this  continent  are  so  varied  that  the  popularity  of  special 
breeds  and  their  management  ditTer  widely.  In  the  newer 
sections  of  the  country,  where  agriculture  is  yet  in  a  primitive 
condition,  anil  there  arc  considerable  areas  of  pasture  land  i,  l 
yet  settled  upon,  beef  cattle  are  the  main  reliance  of  the 
general  farmer.  As  the  country  settles  up,  and  towns  and 
villages  afford  a  near-by  market,  there  is  a  gra<lual  change, 
and  dairying,  which  can  only  prosper  upon  the  cultivated 
farm,  displaces  be^f-making.  This  is  especially  ^o  where  the 
land  has  increased  in  value  to  such  an  extent  as  to  :  -ake  ilie 
raising  of  beef  cattle  unprofitable  excepi  n  combination  with 
the  dairy  cow. 

745 


Hi 


H  ir 


746 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOTl 


h  f..i 


There  arc  a  mimlur  ..f   l)rro.l>   for   the   farmer  to  select 
from  if  lie   \vi>lies   to  cii,i;a.t;e   in   the   prmltictioii   of  beef,  and 
e(|uall_\    a->    utll    known   are    the   siieeial    dairy    breeds   if  tlie 
farmer  wishes  to  engage  in  tliat  branch  of  the  cattle  business. 
The  beef  breeds  are  the  Hereford,  I'olled  An<,nis,  Shorthorn, 
Gallosvay  and   Devon,     'i'iie^f  breeds  all  originated   in   Great 
Britain,  wliere  the   breediii};  nf  beef  cattle  i>  in  a  more  ad- 
vanced  state    than    in   any  other  country,     'ihe  dairy   breeds 
are  the  Jer>ey.  linernsey,  llolstein-I'resian  and  .Ayrshire.     I5e- 
tween  these  two  extreme^  comes  what  are  <lenominatcd  "dual 
purpose"  cattle,  suited  to  the  recpiirenients  of  the  farmer  who 
does   not    wish   to   follow   dairying  entirely,   and  yet   cannot 
makf  beef  growiii},'  alone  a  {jnilltable  business.     .\s  a  rule  he 
keeps  a  herd  of  five  to  ten  cows,  generally  grades,  and  fair 
milkers,  while  he  depends  upon  feeding  their  calves  for  beef 
to  ckc  out  the  income  from  his  cows.     To  such  a  farmer,  and 
there  are  thousands  of  them  in  all  the  agricultural  states  of 
the  middle  west,  the  •"dual  purpose"  cow  is  a  necessity.     The 
I)reeds  that   are   placed   in   this  class  arc  the   Red   Polls  and 
dairy  Shortlujrns,  with  their  grades.     Some  farmers  also  place 
the  Ayrshire  in  this  class,  as  the  cows,  whei'  bred  to  bulls  of 
the  dairy  Shorthorn  class  produce  good  fecdi  ig  calves.     The 
dairy  Shorthorn  has  not  been  developed  to  the  same  extent  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada  as  in  Great  liritain,  where  it  is. 
largely  used   by   the  general   farmers  of  England,  who  give 
more  or  less  attention   to  dairying  as  an  important  part  ol 
the  business  of  the  farm,  and  also  want  calves  thrt  will  prove 
good   feeders   and    develop   into  good   beef  animals.     A   few 
herds  of  these  "dual  purpose"  Shorthorns  are  inairtained  in 
the  eastern  States,  while  the  Red  Polls  ,are  growing  in  favor 
also.     These  breeds  are  likely  to  become  more  popular  in  the 
dairy  States  under  the  stimulus  of  good  prices  for  beef. 

From  the  breeds  named  the  general  farmer  has  a  wide 
opportunity  for  selection,  and  he  can  choose  the  one  which 
promises  to  f^t  in  best  with  his  farm  practice  and  surroundings. 
If  he  selects  one  of  the  beef  breeds  from  which  to  build  up 


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CATTLE  BREEDING 


747 


a  herd,  .le  will  probably  fmd  that  the  Hereford  will  do  a 
little  better  on  pasture  than  the  Shortiiorn  or  Polled  Angus, 
but  that  the  latter  breeds  will  stand  up  better  under  confine- 
ment and  heavy  grain  feeding  to  force  the  earliest  possible 
development.  However,  the  ditTercncc  will  be  slight  in 
either  case,  and  circumstances  which  may  compel  the  choice 
of  either  need  not  worry  the  feeder. 

In  the  Northwest,  where  the  winters  are  severe  and  the 
growing  season  too  short  to  allow  some  grains  to  ri])en  regu- 
larly, the  Galloway,  with  its  long  fine  coat  of  hair,  and  ability 
to  do  well  under  adverse  conditions,  will  be  found  best  suited 
to  the  climate.  The  breed  has  been  developed  in  a  cold, 
rugged  country,  and  the  bulls  have  proved  an  excellent  cross 
upon  grade  herds  in  such  localities  to  enable  them  to  with- 
stand cold  and  exposure.  The  Galloway  cow,  crossed  with 
Shorthorn  bulls,  has  produced  calves  that  are  not  only  hardy, 
but  excellent  feeders,  with  the  finished  bulluck  giving  a  fine 
carcass  of  nicely  marbled  beef  of  excellent  quality.  The  hide 
is  not  so  valuable,  however,  as  that  of  the  pure-bred  Galloway. 
Others  prefer  using  a  Galloway  bull  upon  grade  Shorthorn 
cows,  believing  the  results  obtained  to  be  superior  to  the 
other  in  some  respects. 

Crossing  Shorthorn  bulls  upon  pure-bred  Galloway  cows 
is  asserted  by  some  investigators  to  have  laid  the  foundation 
for  that  fine  breed,  the  Tolled  Angus,  which  shows  several 
characteristics  of  the  Galloway.  It  has  the  polled,  or  hornless 
head  and  black  color  of  the  Galloway,  but  with  a  squarer 
body,  better  sprung  rib,  broader  loin,  and  longer  and  better 
filled  quarters  than  the  Galloway.  It  has  also  a  shorter  coat 
of  hair.  These  characteristics  are  believed  to  be  inherited 
from  the  Shorthorn.  However  that  may  be.  the  Polled  .\ngus, 
or  Aberdeen  Angus,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  is  one  of  the 
best  producers  of  beef  at  an  early  age  that  can  be  found. 

Another  excellent  cross  for  the  production  of  good  feeding 
cattle  is  to  use  a  Shorthorn  bull  upon  Hereford  cows  either 
grades   or   full   bloods.     The   reverse   cross   is   also   advised 


^*m"^  r^T^lS.':-' 


'!W^!<:  %=■■■  '■^n€^-' 


ji  f 

S 

1 


748 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


These  breeds  reinforce  llic  weak  puiiils  in  each  utlier.  The 
weak  point  in  the  Shorthorn  is  in  the  crops,  and  a  tendency 
to  a  flat  rib.  In  tliese  points  the  Hereford  is  particularly 
strong,  while  the  Shorthorn,  as  a  rule,  shows  better  in  the 
hindquarters,  where  the  Hereford  is  inclined  to  be  weak. 
The  conil)ination  of  the  two  breeds  gives  a  more  evenly  de- 
Ncloind  carcass,  and  the  meat  is  well  marbled  and  of  liigl' 
quality. 

In  the  special  dairy  breeds,  those  from  the  Channel 
Islands — the  Jersey  and  (iuernsey — are  noted  for  the  extreme 
richness  of  their  milk,  l)ut  generally  are  not  deep  milkers. 
The}  are  not  fitted  for  exposure,  and  must  be  well  fed  and 
comfortably  housed  to  enable  them  to  do  their  best.  They 
belong  on  the  cuhisated  farm  and  to  the  farmer  who  makes 
a  specialty  of  dairying.  Tlie  Holstein-Frcsian.  originatinj; 
in  the  low,  flat  lands  ol  the  Netherlands,  undoubtedly.  lead 
all  other  breeds  as  deep  milkers.  While  their  milk  is  far  less 
rich  in  liutter  fats  than  the  Channel  Island  breeds,  the  great 
quantity  she  produces  enables  the  Holstein-Fresian  cow  to 
rival  all  other  breeds  in  butter  pr-duction  as  well  as  lead  them 
as  deep  milkers.  The  .\yr-hire  ci>w.  a  native  of  Scotland,  is 
not  as  deep  a  milker  as  'iic  1  Iol>tein-l"rcsiaTi,  neither  does  ^hc 
rival  the  Jersey  ur  (iiuni-i\  in  the  {XTcentage  of  butter  fat  her 
milk  contains;  but  -lie  is  hardy,  does  well  under  adverse  con- 
ditions, and  is  well  fitted  for  the  requiroiuents  of  the  pioneer 
farmer.  Grade  Ayr-hire  C"ws  make  an  excellent  foundation 
for  a  dairy  herd.  In  choosing  sires  for  use  in  such  a  herd, 
the  farmer  should  decide  in  what  (bicction  he  intends  breed- 
ing, whether  for  increased  yields  of  butter  or  milk,  and  select 
bulls  from  the  breed  mo>t  noted  in  ihv  particidar  line  he 
wishes  to  follow.  If  he  intends  feeding  the  calves  for  beef, 
a  bull  of  the  dairy  Shorthorn  family  will  probably  meet  his 
requirements  better  than  one  of  the  pure  dairy  type. 

In  breeding  up  a  herd  of  any  class  of  cattle  it  should  be 
understood  that  all  sires  used  must  be  a  good  individual  of  the 


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CATTI^E  BREEDING 


749 


special  breed  he  belongs  to,  and  of  approved  breeding.     It  is 
the  only  certain  means  of  developing  a  valuable  herd  of  cattle. 
In    feeding   cattle    for    market    early    development    is    a 
necessity  to  make  the  business  a  success  financially.     If  calves 
dropped  in  the  spring  can  he  made  to  attain  weights  of  1,100 
to  l.-iUO  pounds  by  November  or  December  of  the  follovving 
year— wiini  18  to  '.'0  montlis  -)I<l-the  saving  in  feed  and  labor 
through  n<,t  having  to  carry  them  through  two  winters  will 
be  considerable— suthcicnt  to  keep  the  balance  on  the  right 
side  when  the  business  might  otherwise  prove  unprofitable. 
To  achieve  this  result   the  calves  must  be   kept  growing  all 
the   time,  and  this  means  constant  attention  by  the  farmer 
from  weaning  time  until  ready  for  market.     In  addition   to 
g.,o(l  pastures  during  the  season,  grain  should  be  grown  on 
ilie  farm  so  as  to  provide  a  liberal  supply  of  this  necessity  at 
all  times  without  the  expense  of  purchasing;  better  have  too 
much   rather  than  too  little  of  the  feeding  grains  so  it  can 
be  fed  liberally.     The  cattle  on  pasture  should  have  at  least 
one  fee.l  r,f  grain  every  day.     in  winter  grain,  clover  hay  or 
.ilfalfa,  with  corn  t'oddcr.  bran  and  ,,il  meal,  if  it  can  be  had— 
ohl  process  preferre<l-w.ll  afford  a  variety  i„  the  rations  and 
keep  the  cattle  growing.     .So„,e  feeders  have  found  it  profit- 
able to  grind  their  corn  into  nieai.  ;„  some  instances  grinding 
the  cob  also,  then  n  ixing  ijds  corn  and  cob  meal  with  bran 
W'hen    fed  with   alfalfa  ur  clover  hay.   this   combination  has 
proved    excellent    for   pushing  young  cattle,     fure   water   is 
essential  to  the  health  and  thrift  of  cattle,  and  it  should  be 
accessible  at  all  time,',  as  should  salt. 

In  the  late  fall  and  winter  the  cattle  should  be  confined 
in  a  yard  m  which  there  is  an  open  sh^  where  thev  can  find 
shelter  -lunng  wet  and  stormy  weatl.cffand  where' thev  can 
find  forage  at  all  times.  Some  farmers  find  the  sclf-feculer  a 
great  saver  of  time  and  labor  in  fee.ling  cattle,  using  it  for 
tiie  gram  ration.  With  ,„eh  arrangements  the  farmer  Ins 
all  the  necessary  conveniences  u-.y  feeding  his  fattening  cattle 


750 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


V 


m  s  3 


:M 


to  advantage.     A   ftw  hogs   in   the  yard   will  prevent   waste. 
.'uul  will  not  disturb  tiu-  cattle.      Keep  the  cattle  quiet  and  con- 
lented,  and  .li>iurl)  them  as  little  a->  possible,  as  these  condi- 
tions are  e>semial  to  rapid  j^^rowth  and  the  layin-  on  of  flesh. 
It    will   be  noted   that  cattle  on   full   feed   seem    to  prefer 
the  (>pen  \  anl  to  the  <hed  even  in  quite  severe  weather,  pro- 
vided it  is  dry.      In  this  rc-pcct  fattening  steers  are  very  dif- 
ferent  fr    ni  dairy  c^uvs.  which  are  affected  injuriously  by  cold 
or  stormy  weather.     The  dairy  cow  must  therefore  be  given 
more   comfortable   (|uarters   than   feeiling  steers   if  she   is  t'^ 
^:ve  good  service.     .She  also  recpiires  liberal  feeding,  and  her 
rations  should  also  contain  a  greater  variety  titan  is  essential 
for  fattening  cattle.       Corn  and  clover  hay  makes  a  good  foun- 
da'iMti    i,T   her    rations    during   the    winter   season,    to    which 
-hould  be  .ulded  bran,  oil  meal,  silage,  or  if  that  is  not  to  be 
had.  then   soiuc   variety  of  roots— mangolds  preferred— with 
i   ire  water  and   salt.     In  the  Mimmer  season  the   dairy  cow 
'Lould  have  good,  jjasturagc.  with  a  feed  of  ground  grain  twice 
1  day.     A  ration  of  clover  h.iy  in  the  morning  before  being 
iirned     n  pasture  will  present  anv  troui)ie  from  bloatincr 
T^?  dairy  br(  cds  are  readily  distinguished  from  the  beef 
ee^:         Their  he  ds  are  lean  and  long,  more  or  less  dished,  the 
yes  e  and   i)rominent.  horns  small  and  curving  inwards 

■•■■  the  Ayrshircs,  the  neck  thin,  the  shoulders  sharp, 

narrow,  back  long  in   proportion   to  the  quarters,   the 
C'  ng  rough,  abdomen  very  large,  hindquarters  lean  with 

t!  ;.;ighs  incurved  to  allow  room  for  the  large  udder,  the 
bony  structure  loose  jointed,  the  general  appearance  wcdge- 
sh,i]>cil  and  angular.  The  make-up  of  the  animal  indicates  a 
higjily  nervous  organization,  which  appears  to  always  ac- 
company the  development  f)f  d.iiry  niialiiies  in  a  bree<l.  The 
accompanying  illustrations  of  dairy  cows  of  different  breeds 
arc  good  cxatnides  of  the  nervous  energy  and  activity  of  the 
breeds  they  represent. 


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SHEEP  BREEDING 


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The  advisability  of  Iiaving  ,i  good  llock  on  a  farm  requires 
■lo  argrmcnt.     I-ong  years  of  experience  by  farmers  through- 
ot.t  the  civilized  world  Las  proved  most  thoroughly  the  utility 
-11. d  hi^di  vahic  ><{  sheej)  to  general  agrictdturc.  either  on  the 
farm  of  the  pioneer  or  the  cidtivated  farms  of  the  most  ad- 
vanced agriculturists.     It  is  true  that  there  must  be  a  selec- 
tion  from  the  special  breerls  to  meet  the  varying  conditions 
under  which  flocks  nuist  be  maintained;  but  there  is  a  wide 
field  from  which  to  choose,  and  the  farmer  can  readily  select 
X  breed  which  will  meet  the  demands  of  his  environment.     In 
this  respect  the  sheej)  offers  advantages  superior  to  any  other 
class  of  live  stock.     They  have  l)een  br(  d  and  maintained  for 
centuries  under  such  widely  divergent  conditions  of  soil  and 
climate  that  the  farmer  can  tind  .pecial  breeds  exactly  fitted 
to  his  ref|uiremenl  ■;, 

Xo  aniir  d  .mi  the  f.irm  evereises  a  more  beneficent  in- 
fluence upon  its  s(.il  than  the  sheep.  Its  ameliorating  influ- 
ence upon  iiifoviili  soils,  and  it-  ability  as  a  renovator  of  worn 
out  land  h.ive  been  rnderi  ,<!  anil  appreciated  -ince  historv 
began  to  W  written.  Whether  it  is  on  the  highly  cultivated 
farms  of  ihe  temperate  zones,  under  the  hot  suns  of  the 
equator,  or  the  t'rozen  regions  of  the  north,  the  sheep  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  sheet  anchors  of  agriculture. 

For  the  general  farmer  a  well-bred  llock  of  grade  ewes, 
of  a  type  fitted  to  his  envin.ninent  and  farm  practice,  can  be 
built  up  in  a  few  years,  and  uiij  prove  a  luost  pvotiiable  in- 
vestment. After  determining  uikmi  the  tyiie  best  suited  to 
his  conditions,  good  sires  of  th.it  breed  should  be  used  in  his 
breeding  ilock,  which  may  be  n-.-re  or  less  mixed  in  character, 
and  the  young  ewes  allowed  to  gradually  displace  the  older 

751 


II 


752 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


ones,  until  the  entire  hrcedinR  t1ock  become  uniform  in  form 
anil  tlecci'.  As  ilu-  tlock  improves  more  attention  should  be 
j;ivtn  to  the  selection  of  rams.  Each  sire  shouhl  conform  a-> 
closel'  as  po  ■>il)le  to  the  particular  type  desired  by  the  fanner, 
and  to  secure  such  sires  he  must  exercise  a  liberal  spirit. 

In  maintaining  a  lock  on  a  liiRh  level  the  lamb  cr-i/p 
must  be  culled  of  all  the  males,  wliicli  should  lie  marketed 
just  as  early  as  they  can  be  put  into  i;i.iid  marketable  condi- 
tion. 'I'o  them  sli'uld  be  added  the  culls  amoll^^'  ihc  ewe 
Iambs,  and  the  selection  shouM  1">  ri.Lrid.  As  the  selected 
ewes  mature  the  breeding  llock  should  be  culled  of  those  mem- 
bers bocomintj  too  old  or  '-bowing  unde-,iral)Ie  characteristics. 
I'.ach  generation  should  -le  ;in  improvement  in  the  tlock  until 
it  attains  such  a  uniformity  in  form  and  tieecc  that  its  owner 
feels  full_\  >;atisl"ied,  and  the  annual  income  from  lambs  and 
wo(d  show-  that  its  pr-'duct-  ire  aiipreciated  by  buyer-. 
.\fter  all.  the  market  is  the  linal  test  of  the  success  of  the 
f.irmcr  m  brec  !ing  tip  his  tl^'ck. 

.As  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  a  very  difficult  matter  to  breed  up 
and  m.aiiitain  a  flock  at  a  high  st.mdard  uf  excellence,  'i'here 
i<  ,il\\a\  -  a  tendency  to  heavier  lleeee-  at  the  ex])ensc  of  the 
uiutton  form,  or  to  a  heavier  carea-s  at  the  expense  of  the 
fleece.  To  niruntain  a  steady  c(|nilibriiun  between  these  two 
points  reijuires  constaiit  supervision,  and  the  selection  of  sires 
to  eounleract  too  strong  a  tendetiev  in  either  direclioti.  (ien- 
erally  in  live  slock  only  one  i|u.iiity  has  to  be  looked  after, 
sucli  as  speed  or  weight  in  tlic  horse,  and  early  maturity 
with  a  hea\y  earca-s  in  the  Itecf  steer  or  swine;  but  in  the 
sheep,  in  breeding  f"',  a  high  production  of  mutton  and  wool, 
we  find  that  thc-e  products  .ire  more  rir  less  antagonistic  to 
each  other.  Hence  we  find  the  finest  .itul  heaviest  tlceces 
are  gmwu  on  what  are  'jH'  \n  as  the  wool  ()reeds,  which  are 
gener.'dly   low   in    the    -e.ile  nnitton   producers.     The    farmer, 

therefore,   in  breeding  fur  a   -Ik  ep   ihat    will   prodticr   a   go. id 


SHEEP  BREEDING 


753 


average  carcass  of  mutton  and  a  good  fleece  of  wool,  is  look- 
ing for  a  "general  purpose"  sheep.  It  will  surely  test  his 
ability  as  a  breeder  and  feeder  to  secure  and  maintain  such  a 
tlock,  but  its  value  to  the  owner  will  be  worth  the  trouble  and 
if  it  can  finally  be  attained. 

In  ilif  selection  of  ewes  as  a  f.undation  for  a  fami  flock, 
it  should  be  borne  in  tniiid  tliat  llic  ijrcpondvrance  of  Merino 
blood  means  wool  first  and  mutton  as  a  secondary  considera- 
tion, and  with  the  preponderance  of  the  blood  of  il,j  F.n},'li'~li 
nuitti  !i  breeds  it  will  be  meat  first  and  wool  in  second  place. 
This  points  ont  i)lainly  the  lines  alonp  wliich  tlicsc  sheep 
have  been  bred.  The  mutton  breeds  are  the  product  of  the 
hifilust  sy>teni  of  agriculture,  and  developed  by  high  feeding 
and  constant  cire. 

They  recpiire  rich  pastures,  and  grain,  roots,  and  forage 
crops  for  tluir  best  develoj.ment.  Wool  producing  Hocks, 
on  the  contrary,  do  not  recpiirc  deep  rich  pastures  or  heavy 
grain  feeding.  Th'.y  arc  excellent  foragers,  and  consume 
numerous  varieties  of  noxious  weeds,  prefer  the  short  grasses 
of  high  lands,  and  thrive  wi  11  where  fhe  iriutton  breeds  would 
find  it  ditTicult  to  live,  'i'hese  wool  breeds  also  stand  exposure 
much  better  than  the  mutton  lireeds,  and  do  well  under  condi- 
tions which  would  cause  deterioration  in  heavy  meat  produc- 
ing animals.  Hence  Hocks  that  are  expected  to  pick  up  a 
living  on  scanty  pastures,  with  a  deficient  water  supply,  such 
conditions  as  obtain  on  the  ranges  of  the  west  and  southwest, 
should  carry  a  large  percentage  of  the  blood  of  the  Merino. 
They  flock  well  together,  and  their  close  heavy  fleeces  enable 
ihem  to  stand  exposure  better  than  the  mutton  breetls  with 
'.heir  open  tlceces. 

In  cross-breeding  to  secure  a  general  purpose  sheep  the 
licst  foundation  is  grade  Merino  ewes.  On  these  should  be 
used  rams  of  the  mutton  breeds.  If  the  land  is  level,  with 
heavy  clay  soil  inclined  to  hold  moisture,  the  Romney  Marsh 

4>< 


■t." 


MICROCOPY    RESOLUTION    TEST    CHART 

ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2 


1.0 


I.I 


IM     1 2.2 

IIP     il  2.0 


.8 


1.25 


1.4     il.6 


^     APPLIED  ifVHGE     Inc 


THK  PRACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


or   Lincoln    will   prove   most   satisfactorv.     Thev  co.ne   Iron, 
i'arts   of    Kn^^Hand    where    the    lands    arc   natnrailv    low    and 
"an>p,  and   the  j;ras>e>  gmw  rank.     These  breeds' sufYer  less 
m.r.,  toot-rot  tron,  rnnning-  (,n  such  soils  than  the  other  Fn- 
ish  breeds;  but  on  rather  hilly  dry  land,  such  breeds  as  the 
black-.aced  mid<ile  wools  will  he  found  preferable.     Both  the 
l-.ncoln    and    Romney    Marsh    are    good    producers,    but    the 
cross-bred  lambs  frmn  a  Lincoln  sire  and  Merino  ewes  carry 
an  exceptionally  valuable  fleece-long  in  staple,  fine  in  quality 
and  very  lustrous.     Thi>  has  ma.le  the  Lincoln  a  verv  popular 
breed  ,n  Australia.  Xew  Zealand  and  the  Argentine  Republic 
where  the  large  Hocks  generally  have  a  great  deal  of  Merino 
I'lood.  and  the  Heece  is  cnnsidercd  of  more  importance  tiian 
the  meat. 

On   liigher   and    more    rolling  land,   with    a   lighter   soii 
rams  fro.n  the  mid.lle  wool  breeds,  such  as  the  Sourhdown' 
Shropshire.   Hampshire.  Oxford   and    Horned   Dorset    can   be' 
used    to   a,lvantage.     The   lambs    will   not   have    the    .ize    of 
those   from   the   two   long  wool   brec.Is   named,   or   from    the 
Lotswold   nor   the   Leicester;    neither   will    the   staple    be   as 
long  nor  the  fleeces  as  lustrous  as  from  the  long  wool  breeds- 
!nit  the  lambs  from  fhe  middle  wools  will  give  a  good  fleece' 
and  their  ability  to  lay  on  flesh  and  mature  earlv  make  them 
very  ,le<irable   lor  feeders  and  popular  in  the  large  markets 
I  he  fleeces   fr„n,   flocks  bred  in   this   way  grade 'as   quarter, 
I'alt  and  ihrce-eighth  blood,  according  to  the  fineness  of  the 
staple,  which  is  determined  by  the  amount  of  Aferino  blood 
the  flock  contains. 

After  several  crosses  r,f  lo,:g  or  mi.Idle  wool  rams  Iiave 
been  ma.le  on  a  flock,  the  fleeces  will  probablv  become  less 
dense,  the  body  not  so  well  covered,  and  the  staple  longer  and 
coarser.  To  obviate  this  condition  in  the  fleece.  Australian 
and  Xew  Zealan<l  flock  owners  crossed  back  to  Merino  rams 
The  result  was  much  improved  fleeces,  to  which  was  given 


SHEEP  BREEDING 


755 


le  name  "Comebacks."  Tlicn  when  a  sufficient  number  of 
crosses  had  been  made  to  j^ive  the  docces  a  good  proportion 
of  .Merino  blood,  rams  ot  the  nuillon  broids  were  again  used 
to  keep  lip  the  wx'ight  of  carcass  and  length  of  staple,  both 
of  which  always  decrease  as  the  proportion  of  Merino  blood 
increases. 

The  cross-breeding  of  flocks  has  been  practiced  to  such 
an  extent  in  the  west  and  northwest  that  over  half  the  wool 
clip  from  those  sections  arc  known  as  cross-breeds,  and  of  the 
grades  referred  to  as  above.  They  furnish  a  useful  class  of 
clothing  wools,  and  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  worsteds. 
They  are  too  coarse,  however  to  use  in  the  manufacture  of 
fine  broadcloths,  beavers,  and  ladies'  fine  dress  fabrics.  The 
fine  Merino  wools  must  be  had  for  this  class  of  goods. 

If  the  country,  however,  is  rough  and  hilly,  with  scant 
pastures  and  the  water  supply  limited  or  uncertain,  it  will 
be  better  to  use  the  lighter  Merino,  and  give  wool-growing 
first  place  in  the  flock.  To  aid  in  this  direction  large  bodied 
Merino  rams,  such  as  are  known  as  Delaines,  or  the  Ram- 
bouillet,  should  be  used.  These  families  of  the  ^ferino  are 
larger  than  what  is  known  as  the  American  Merino,  are  gen- 
erally plain  bodied  with  heavy  neck  folds,  the  staple  longer 
but  not  so  fine  as  the  heavy  fleeced  .American  Meri'.io.  carries 
less  oil,  and  the  staple  of  good  sr.le,  the  crimp  extending  the 
full  length  and  showing  great  elasticity.  This  class  of  wool 
is  always  in  demand,  the  bulk  of  the  fleeces  from  such  breed- 
ing -raditig  as  fine  Delaine,  tlic  liighc-t  jiriced  class  of  wool;. 
After  the  original  breeding  flock  has  been  replaced  by  ewes 
from  these  rams,  the  fleeces  from  the  entire  flock  should  grade 
as  Delaine,  and  command  from  three  to  four  cents  per  pound 
mnrt'  in  the  gren<c  than  ordinary   Merino. 


1 1 


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HOG  BREEDING 


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As  one  of  the  most  va!ual)le  aids  tiic  farmer  has  in  mak- 
ing his  l)iisincss  jiay,  tlie  hog  deserves  a  first  place  in  any 
system  of  agriculture  that  may  he  follmvcd.  His  range  is 
from  the  Dakotas  and  the  Catiadian  Xorthwcst  to  Texas,  and 
from  Xewfoundland  to  California,  in  a!l  that  wide  expanse 
of  tcrritorj'  there  is  no  largo  <trea  in  which  the  hog  will  not 
prove  profitahle  to  the  farmer. 

A  great  ileal  of  the  wristes  of  the  farm  can  he  used  to 
advan'uige  hy  a  herd  of  swine,  no  mailer  what  the  wastes  may 
be.  To  the  grain  grower,  ih:  fruit  grower,  the  dairymaTi.  and 
market  gardener,  ihe  h'^g  appeals.  lie  sa\-es  and  puts  into 
markctalde  furm  what  would  otherwise  he  wasted,  and  fre- 
finently  l)Ccome  a  nui^anec.  Tlun  swine  are  so  prolific,  and 
become  marketable  at  sucli  an  early  age,  that  they  are  really 
the  must  eenuipmieal  meat   ])rndurrrs  on  the  farm. 

The  tnod.ern  pure  bred  lnig  fif  any  of  the  iioi)ular  breeds 
may  be  regarded  as  a  model  of  eeonomical  (le\-el(i|Mnetit,  and 
as  the  general  farmer  can  >ecure  it<  guud  ipKilitics  at  liglit 
cost  and  a  little  care  in  the  selection  nf  pure  l)red  sires  to  use 
on  Iiis  grade  S'n\  <,  there  i>  no  g.'  id  reason  why  e\ery  farm 
shouhl  not  ha\e  a  herd  of  swine  that  will  measure  up  well 
with  jMire  hted  herds.  When  the  herd  has  arrived  at  that 
point  the  selection  of  sires  by  the  owner  will  become  more 
difficult.  Frc(|ucntl_\-,  too,  wdien  the  fanner  has  brought  his 
lierd  up  to  iJKit  eoridition  he  concludes  to  use  sires  of  his  own 
breeding,  and  nearly  invariably  there  is  a  steady  deteiiora- 
tion  in  tlic  quality  of  the  progeny  bred  ''rom  such  sires,  which 
becomes  more  pronounced  as  the  pr.'iciice  contimies. 

The  farmer  should  choose  sires  of  the  best  type  of  the 
breed  he  prefers,  and  adhere  to  tiiat  breed  -o  long  a^  it  proves 

756 


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salisfactMiv.  W'itli  each  addit tonal  ci^'-s  there  sliould  1)C  an 
improveiiK'Ht,  until  the  wlmle  herJ  i<  even  in  appearance, 
and  t;ond  specimens  of  ilic  sjiccial  breed  represented  by  the 
sires  used,  'i'iic  brood  s^ws  shcnild  be  retained  on  the  farm 
so  lonj,^  as  they  are  vigorous  and  prolilic.  I'uUy  developed 
(lams,  which  have  i)r.ivcd  their  usefulness,  are  more  valuable 
than  yinnit:  ones.  Tluy  are  stronger  and  better  mothers  than 
les>  ni:;tt!red  dam>.  The  first  litter  Ir.  iui  young-  sows  is  likely 
to  be  few  in  nnnd>cr  and  generally  inferior,  especially  if  they 
are  bred  as  early  as  i.-  customary.  T.y  the  time  the  next 
litter  arrives  it  is  sure  t' i  show  an  improvement  over  the  hr^t 
one.  i"or  the  next  fntir  or  five  year-  tlit:  brood  sow  should 
be  at  her  best,  and  lu  r  pigs  strong  and  vigorous. 

•|  1r'   Mres  should  be    fully  matureil  before  being  largely   in 
the  herd.     Before  using  a  new  sire  in  the  herd  it  is  well  to 
lest  him   on   a  few   >ows,   so  as   to  be  able  to  judge  of  the 
probability  of  hi-  -ucce-s  when  placed  at  the  head  of  the  henl. 
While   swine   arc   omnivorous   feeders,   there   arc   certain 
fo.xls   which   should   form   the   l)asis  of  their  rations.     After 
weaning   the   pigs   should   be    turned   on   pasture.     The    field 
should   be   naturally  dry   and   free   from   mudhok'S  or  marshy 
spots,   with   a   constant    sni.ply   of   good   pure    water.      Clover 
pasture  is  excellent  on  which  t<i  grow  young  pigs,  as  it  helps 
the  growth  (if  good   bone,  aii.l  keeps  them  in  good  growing 
condition.     With  a  good  clover  pasture,  if  the  object  i^  to  get 
the   pigs    into    marketable   cMidition   as   early    as   possible,   a 
feed  once  a  day  of  ground  grain,  skimmed  milk  if  available, 
and  scraps  from  the  kitchen  will  he  found  acceptable  to  the 
pigs,  and  an  aid  to  their  growth.     The  grain  may  be  wheat 
middlings,  ground  oats  and  cornmeal.  ground  barley  or  field 
peas.     As  the  pigs  develop  the  ration  of  whole  con.  or  corn- 
meal  should  be   increased,  as  this  grain  no   doubt  produces 
more  rapid  growth  at  less  cost  than  any  other.     Its  tendency 
to  produce   fat   rather   than   ilesh   renders   it   an   undesirable 


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j;iIK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Krain  i,,r  y,,un-  j.i-s  if  fed  too  Iieavily.  If  a,Mc.l  to  other 
p-ains  ricli  in  pn.i.in  ,„•  iK^h  fnrnio.  an.l  i„  OM.jtn.clion 
u-.lii  doNor  pasture',  it  ui!l  !,.  foun.j  an  .xceUuu  addition  to 
tlu'ir  rations. 

When  rini>hin-  a  hA  ,,i  I,n-s  f,,r  vhip,„en.  to  market, 
they  .slt.mld  have  lieavy  ration>  of  ^heli.d  crn  for  at  least 
two  weeks  hrforc  they  leave  the  farm.  ihi.  will  harden  the 
fat  and  produce  raj. id  growth,  j'.y  -rowin-  the  vonn-  pij^s 
as  advised  above  they  will  have  the  hone  and'nmscic  \o 
carry  a  good  carcass  Ion-  di>tances  to  market  without  break- 
fn^^  .lown,  and  they  will  be  in  -u,,d  .hape  when  they  arrive. 
A  RTcat  advania.irc  of  ^tickin-  to  a  single  breed  is  the 
uniformity  that  Mich  practice  pnKluces.  Xothing  strikes  a 
buyer  quicker  than  a  welhie.l  lot  of  hogs,  standing  up  well 
after  shipment,  and  uniform  in  color,  weight  and  general 
appearance.  The<e  pnint.s  are  worth  money  to  the  farmer, 
but  are  not  to  be  had  without  attention  to  the  breeding, 
feeding,  and  care  of  the  pigs  frnnt  the  time  thev  are  dropped 
until  rea,ly  f,,r  market.  Ihit  the  extra  work  always  pays  a 
good  profit. 

There  is  one  j^oint  the  farmer  who  raises  hogs  should 
bear  in  mind,  'idiat  i>  to  pn.vide  them  with  d.ry  quarters. 
Cold  rains  an.l  >nows  are  great  enemie-  t..  thrift  and  profit. 
Warmth  is  not  a.-;  o^ential  to  the  gmwing  ;ng  as  -trictlv  drv 
sleeping  quarters.  With  pleirty  of  Ijcdding  available',  the 
pigs  wil!  keep  elo^e  together,  and  the  contact  of  their  bodies 
will  furnish  all  the  heat  necessary  for  their  comfort. 

If  a  farmer  intends  to  raise  a  good  number  of  hogs  each 
year,  it  will  pay  him  to  furnish  them  with  concrete  wallows 
to  take  the  place  of  the  niudhole  ,,t  creek  which  the  herd 
will  otherwise  use  during  the  summer  months,  and  prove  a 
frequent  source  of  disease.  They  will  also  enable  him  to  keep 
the  herd  free  from  externa!  parasites  by  adding  some  one  of 
the  lice  killers  to  the  water  in  these  wallows.     They  should 


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be  clramd  mit  (Mice  a  week,  elean  ualet  in  tlu  I'.eptli  of  eii;lit 
or  ten  inclie'-  suiiiilied.  ami  tlie  jiruper  i)rt)n. irtioii  of  tlie  lice 
(le>tr(.yer  added,  The  larmer  wlm  allows  Ins  hogs  to  !>ecoine 
overrun  with  these  para-ites  will  surely  discover  that  lie  is 
pavinp  a  heavv  tax  for  iii>  carele-sness.  As  a  precaution 
against  internal  parasite--  a  inixlure  of  salt  and  allies  sliouhl 
he  kept  in  i)astures  and  lots,  where  the  i)igs  can  have  access 
to  it  at  all  times.  They  will  consume  sufficient  uf  the  mix- 
ture to  keci)  them  free  from  such   pests. 

When  l)rint,dng  pigs  from  outside  into  the  herd,  it  is  well 
to  keep  the  animalr-  (piaraulined  and  under  close  supervi-ion 
for  at  least  two  weeks,  to  make  sure  that  they  are  free  fri>m 
jK-irasites  of  all  descriptions,  and  if  nut  to  give  them  i)roper 
treatment  to  get  rid  of  the  jiests  heforc  they  are  allowed  to 
mix  with  the  herd. 

There  has  been  a  very  marked  change  in  the  character 
of  the  hogs  raised  in  the  I'nited  States  within  the  past  twenty- 
five  years.  This  has  come  from  consumers  demanding  a 
leaner  meat,  and  this  became  so  strong  that  the  class  of  hogs 
that  would  supply  it  were  placed  at  the  top  of  the  market  in 
quotations.  I'p  to  that  time  the  heavy  pork  or  lard  hog,  also 
termed  "fat-backs"  in  the  trade,  held  first  place.  They  were 
a  rather  short-bodied  hog,  very  broad  in  the  back,  with  ribs 
well  sprung,  quarters  broad,  legs  short,  head  small  with 
heavy  jowls,  and  a  heavy  covering  of  fat  over  the  whole  body. 
The  weights  usually  ran  from  •.'•-)li  to  3:)0  pounds.  These  hogs 
were  the  natural  product  of  the  system  of  feeding  which  ob- 
tained in  those  sections. 

At  present  the  demand  is  for  a  different  class  of  hogs, 
with  less  fat  and  more  lean  meat.  The  hogs  furnishing  this 
class  of  meat  are  known  as  bacon  hogs,  and  belong  to  several 
special  breeds.  They  are  long,  deep-bodied  hogs,  narrow  in 
the  back,  flat  in  the  rib,  and  with  much  lighter  hams  and 
shoulders  than  the  pork  hog.    They  are  more  active  in  their 


■il 


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THK  TRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


lialiit>.  am!  .hi-  -,mvi--,  tlinn  a  j^ri'atiT  prwp.  .rti.  .n  of  muscle,  or 
1  ail  meat  an.!  >triiii,m>r  lionc  than  the  luavv  hrceils.  A  .lilTor- 
tnt  -\-.ti-m  nf  tVediiio-,  u-iii-  hs,  fattotiiiivr  t"o,I~,  aiid  dvpeiid- 
iiiR  ui-.ro  .,11  pa-iiirin-  aii.l  '^r:i\u>  uiih  a  larger  perociu.a-c 
<''  prnluM  il,,,„  i.  o.maiiu,!  in  cm,  i>  vnc  of  the  peat  eseu- 
tiai-  in  i^r.iwin-  liac  m  hn-*. 

'I'h.  ehan.L;e  ii  ,ic-.l  in  tin-  c!a-s  nf  h-.L;s  ,U.inai„K'.l  hv  the 
inark.i  is  Hu-  ,v-nh  .,i  tl,«  i,uT>  asin-.  p,  .pularit  v  uf  hacMii  as 
e..nipai-e,I  uu!,  pu-klol  |..rk.  an,l  apprars  m  he  wnrhhwide, 
at  least  so  far  a-  i1i..m'  e.Miiiiriev  i,,  ,,U[,.U  the  Cnite.l  States 
cxiH.rts  ,neat>  arr  e.,n,,rn.,l.  Thefe  is  a  stead v  expansion  in 
the  exports  of  l,aeo„  :,„d  ham-,  an  '  a  deeivasr  in  pickl.d  pork. 
rVohahly  three-fonrth-  of  all  Hk  ixpons  r.f  pork  is  now  in 
the  form  of  hacon  and  hams,  uh,Ie  the  e.  :ns„„,pti,.n  in  home 
markets  is  InereaMn-  rapidly.  In  fact  the  popularity  of  cured 
hacon  and  lij;ht,  kan  hams  js  -rouing  constantlv.  as  they 
furnish  the  mo~t  lualthfnl  form  in  which  the  meat  of  the  hog 
can  he  titili/ed.  T|-.c  change  fro.n  pork  to  hacon  has  also 
done  away  with  the  prejudice  that  once  existed  aj,rainst  the 
meat  of  the  ho«-.  as  j.hyMcians  now  prescrihe  hacon  in  the 
diet  of  their  patients  in  preference  to  hcef  or  mutton. 

As  to  the  l.rced-  which  produce  the  pork  or  lard  hojr, 
the  Poland-China  and  Chester  Whites  are  the  hest  known.' 
witli  a  nnmlur  of  .Md.d.reeds  that  find  favor  in  limited  areas. 
The  bacon  breeds  are  the  Large  Yorkshire,  Tamworth.  Berk- 
shire and  Hampshire.  These  breeds,  however,  can  be  so 
modified  in  a  few  gmcratiems  by  selection  and  a  corn  diet 
as  to  take  them  out  of  the  bacon  class;  and  the  Poland-China, 
a  strictly  pork  hog  in  the  cnrn  belt,  has  been  changed  in 
some  parts  of  Canada  where  it  has  been  introduced,  to  the 
bacon  type  l,y  replacing  the  corn  diet  with  barley,  oats  and 
peas.  It  is  sitnply.  therefore,  a  question  of  feed  and  manage- 
ment for  several  generations,  to  put  this  most  useful  animal  in 
either  of  the  classes  named. 


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i^'.'isi 


,1 


BREEDING  CHICKENS  ON  THE 
FARM 

By  N.  A.  Clapp 


When  well  managed,  perhaps  no  other  branch  of  live 
stock  breeding  on  tlie  farm  brings  larger  protits  for  the 
imount  of  money  invested,  and  the  labor  and  general  ex- 
penses bestowed,  than  a  good  nock  of  hens.  The  farm  yard 
is  an  ideal  place  for  them.  They  seem  to  enjoy  the  advant- 
ages tlie  surronndings  give  them  for  searching  for  the  vari- 
ous kinds  of  food  that  meet  their  wants,  as  wcU  as  the  com- 
panionsliip  of  those  who  give  tlicm  their  care  and  proper 
attention;  and  they  in  return  yield  liberally  of  their  products 
that  are  absolutely  e-scntial  for  the  preparation  of  the  many 
and  varied  culinary  combinations  which  constitute  the  sub- 
stantial, as  well  as  our  dainty  and  most  delicious  kinds  of 
food. 

Selectir  g  the  Breed. 
One  of  the  first  considerations  in  undertaking  the  keep- 
ing of  hens  is  the  selecting  of  the  breed  with  which  one  is 
to  operate.  If  one  is  familiar  with  the  different  breeds  and 
their  general  characteristics,  then  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
decide  on.  and  select,  the  breed  that  fancy  dictates  as  the 
one  that  suits  the  tastes  of  the  family  who  are  to  care  for 
and  receive  the  returns  from  the  tl.ick.  If  the  family  is  not 
familiar  with  the  different  breeds,  then  it  is  worth  the  while 
to  make  some  inquiry  and  study  up  rm  the  desirable  and 
objectionable  characteristics  of  the  different  breeds  usually 
kept  on  the  farms. 

As  a  general  rule,  the  breeds  that  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  larger  numbers  of  farmers'  families,  are  wliat  are  r-""d 

761 


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1-- 


;62 


THE  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


tl'f  L;i.iKT,-iI  iiiir])(ise  fmvl,  that  rirc  ^ihhI  ci;'l;'  prndncL-rs,  and 
wlieu  (Ire-.-cil,  nrc  a  i^tuni  tabic  fiiwl,  yicliHiiy  a  carcass  uf 
l;"ii(I  wcii^lu,  as  well  as  uiic  of  an  excellent  (|uality  of  meat, 
in  this  matter  one  is  not  likely  to  ^^o  astray  if  he  selects  the 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Wyandottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  or  Orp- 
inj;tons.  Good  selections  from  any  one  of  these  l)recds  may 
he  considered  a  desirai^le  general  ]nirpose  fowl. 

I  nicntiiin  the  pure  breds  for  the  reason  that  they  give 
belter  returns,  are  iU'Tc  tractable  and  easily  handled  than  the 
native  dung  hill  fi-wls,  or  the  cross  breeds  that  have  not 
:vithin  them  the  iidierent  and  fixed  characteristics  which  we 
may  wish  to  ha\e  a.nd  perpetuate  in  a  llock.  .\  tlnck  of  hens 
of  one  breed,  that  are  all  ^i  one  color  and  make-u]i,  look 
much  better  in  a  farm-yard  than  a  promiscuously  bred  lot 
which  represent  man\'  varied  l}pe<.  colors  and  characteristics. 

Getting  the  Stock. 

There  are  several  ways  by  which  the  stock  can  be  se- 
cured. If  une  buys  a  tl^ck  of  imllets  of  a  specialist  in  breed- 
ing and  sliiiwing  any  of  the  pure  breeds  mentioned,  thev  will 
I)e  rather  eNpensi\e  to  begin  with,  but  it  often  occurs  that 
snme  breeder  who  keeps  the  kind  desired  has  some  i)nl!et.s 
to  spare  at  tlie  end  t.if  the  seasnn,  and  some  g(jod  ones  can 
be  Secured  in  that  wa_\'.  if  no  other  means  can  be  devised 
to  seruie  ju-t  what  is  wanted,  get  some  eggs  from  some 
breeiier  wlin  has  a  gMud  laying  strain  uf  blund,  and  get  some 
bi'eeder  to  batch  them  in  an  incubatcjr  and  start  the  chicks  in 
a  bni.  .(ier.  There  .are  gemrally  tlio.^e  who  are  willing  to  do 
such  work  for  a  moderate  sum  for  their  trouble  anv  time 
after  the  ni-h  of  ilie  season  is  over  for  securing  earlv  chicks 
for  the  market.  The  -eason  f,  ,r  hatching  for  broilers  ex 
tends  from  IM.niary  ;..  May.  After  that  time  the  incubators 
are  ijot  u'^ed  much. 

iject   t.i  the'  lale  hatched  pullets,  as  thev  will  not 
ih.ti    1,11  i    1-    .uiriiilied,   hut    alter    ihe   rush 


>.  .nu 

i<1\       liu        ili"i      ill 


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I 


BREEDING  CHICKENS  ON  THE  FARM 


763 


(,f  the  sca-^on  is  over  t]ic  eL;-,u;s  frL.m  some  of  ihe  best  liens 
for  laying-  can  1)C  secured  wiilmul  extra  cliarf;c.  It  is  also 
that  l)v   takino-  the   e,;-s   as  they   run   lr..ini   the   tlock  at 


true 


that  time  of  year,  one  i> 


ikelv   to   L'el   some    Irum    ine   per- 


sistent lavers,  which  is  a  matter  woriliy  of  consideration. 
Tiie  short  sea-^on  liens  will  have  spent  their  energy  for  the 
sprinij  season,  and  will  be  "loafing"  for  a  time,  at  least.  Ihe 
persistent  laving  characteristic  is  inherent,  and  stuck  from 
what  is  called  a  good  laying  strain  of  bluod  is  worth  much 
more  to  keep  on  the  farm  than  the  hens  of  what  is  termed 
ordinary  breeding. 

It  is  the  safer  and  better  way  to  hire  the  one  who  makes 
it  a  business  nf  hatcliing  and  handling  chickens  to  start  them 
along  in  the  bic  der,  and  keep  them  tlure  until  they  begin 
to  ])ercli,  and  then  they  can  be  taken,  given  comfortable 
quarters,  ordinary  feeds  and  good  care,  with  but  little  dan- 
ger of  loss.  There  are  advantages  which  should  not  be  over- 
looked when  chicks  are  iiandled  in  the  br  joder ;  they  are 
tamer  than  when  raised  i)y  the  hens,  and  are  free  from  para- 
sites. 

Ch.ickens  secured  in  the  manner  described  should  have 
A  goo<l  deal  of  freedom  and  i  \erci<e  to  develop  both  the  bone 
and  muscle,  as  it  is  the  frame  and  muscle  that  are  required 
to  make  a  u-^eful  \n\  of  laxing  hens,  and  not  adipose 
membrane,  or  fat.  As  the  >eason  aiivances,  the  roosters  can 
be  sorted  out  and  fattened  for  niarl<et.  The  sooner  they  are 
sold  after  they  lia\e  shaped  up  well,  the  greater  the  profit, 
as  they  make  growth  slower  after  tlu'  thirti  month,  and  the 
price  is  lower  in  late  fall  and  early  winter.  The  pullets  can 
be  kept  for  the  foundatiem  ot  the  llock  that  is  to  be  kept  on 
the  farm.  Unlej-s  the  number  of  pullets  are  in  excess  of 
what  is  wanted.  I  wnuld  not  ad\i-e  sorting  \  cry  closely  the 
first  year.  The  no\ice  i-^  likely  to  throw  out  some  that 
mioht  prove  valuable  if  kept  and  allowed  to  develop. 


i 


I 


THE  PRACTICAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Securing  the  Breeding  Cockerels. 

It  is  worth  the  wliile  to  lake  dUriidcrabk-  pains  in  scciir- 
iiicr  the  cockerels  that  arc  to  lie  the  sire-  in  tlic  flock  the  com- 
ing  season.  First,  tlicy  sMiould  ncit  he  related  to  the  pullets 
of  tlic  flock.  Second,  they  should  come  from  a  good  laying 
strain  of  blood,  as  prolificacy  can  he  bred  into  the  llock,  but 
can  not  be  fed  into  it.  Third,  they  should  be  strong,  bold 
and  proud,  such  as  seem  to  take  pride  in  being  the  leaders 
of  the  ilock.  Fourth,  they  should  iiave  the  build  one  wishes 
to  perpetuate  in  the  flock.  A  high  headed  rooster  that  has  a 
good,  wide  breast,  a  broad,  flat  back,  and  is  of  medium  size, 
will  give  better  satisfaction  than  the  very  large  ones,  or  the 
"pony  cocks."  and  will  sire  chicks  that  will  be  healthy,  vig- 
orous and  strong,  and  mature  early,  which  is  a  desirable 
characteristic.  There  should  be  a  nrosler  to  every  twenty 
to  twenty-five  hens,  and  where  there  is  more  than  one  kept, 
it  is  better  to  have  th.em  raised  together  than  to  have  them 
strangers  and  ready  to  fight  at  every  opportunity. 

The  Hen  Houses. 

The  hen  house  or  houses  should  I'C  located  for  both 
health  an<l  convenience.  The  ground  on  which  they  stand 
should  be  higher  than  that  around  it,  to  insure  surface  drain- 
age. If  a  suitable  location  can  be  found  not  far  from  the 
path  leading  to  the  barn,  it  will  be  found  more  convenient 
than  to  have  it  in  any  other  direction. 

As  to  the  style  of  the  hen-house,  much  will  depend  on 
the  amount  of  money  one  desires  to  use  in  building  it.  As 
good  results  are  often  obtained  in  a  hen-house  built  at  a 
moderate  expense  as  where  the  l>ui]ding  is  pretentious  and 
costly.  The  most  poinilar  st}1e  of  hen-houses  on  the  farms 
at  present  are  those  v,  ith  a  single  roof,  highest  side  facing 
the  south.     They  are  generally  tweh'e  to  fourteen  feet  wide 


uHu     au)      :'.iig;i:      ■.t:-\i     -it.--     ttit 


.,f     I, 


cn? 


be  kept. 


BREKDINr,  CHICKENS  ON'  THE  FARM 765 


Tlie  front.  <>r  .outh  si.lc.  lias  :i  lan;o  window  every  ten  to 
twelve  feet.  Tlie  i,artitiMn>  in  llu-  h"usc  .ire  ahont  sixteen 
to  twentv  feet  apait.  One  ^f  lluse  departments  is  large 
enough  (nr  fiftv  hens  of  the  lar-e  hreed-S  or  sixty  to  sevcnty- 
f.vc  "of  tlic  small  breeds.  The  sides  and  hack  of  the  hen- 
house shndd  he  tiirht.  even  if  it  mnsl  he  ceile.l  in^.le  the  stn.l- 
•  lin-  and  the  space  l-ackcd  with  sawdnst.  The  wind-ws  on 
the  sonth  side  can  be  used  as  ventilators.  A  wire  screen 
can  be  fitted  on  the'  inside  that  t\ts  the  window  space,  and 
hnn-  on  hin-es  at  the  top  so  as  to  swin-  in  and  hitch  to  the 
ru(.f  if  it  is  desirable  to  have  th.e  space  open.  A  sash  con- 
taining window  IiKht>  can  he  hunir  to  swin-  out  at  any 
angle  desired  t(^  admit  fresh  air.  A  light  frame,  holding  ten- 
ounce  duck  cloth  closely  tacked  on,  can  be  i.ut  on  inside  the 
window  when  it  is  raided  which  will  give  ventilation  withuut 
<haught.  Some  dispen>e  with  the  sa^h  and  window  lights, 
and  use  oidy  the  wire  screen  and  cloth. 

The  roosts  should  be  in  one  corner  about  three  feet 
above  the  floor,  with  a  false  floor  half  way.  or  eighteen  inches 
above  the  floor,  to  catch  the  droppings,  which  makes  it  very 
convenient  about  cleaning  out  the  manure.  The  roosting 
pedes  which  can  be  made  by  rounding  the  corners  of  some 
2x3  studding  should  he  all  at  same  height  to  prevent  one 
lot  of  fowl  gelling  higher  than  the  others. 

There  should  be  a  yard  or  park  on  the  south  side  for 
♦he  fowl  to  exercise  in  during  the  sunny  days  in  winter, 
and  to  confine  them  when  it  is  necessary  to  keep  them  away 
from  the  garden  and  croiis  in  summer.  Rape  sown  in  the 
park  makes  good  green  feed  in  summer  time. 

Winter  Feeds. 

In  feading  during  the  winter  time,  one  should  keep  in 

mind  the  fact  that  it  is  more  economical,  and  better  results 

can  be  obtained,  by  feeding  a  variety  of  feeds,  than  by  using 

_^,.    _„„   i-M'f'   of   fpfl       I<"or   n    ni'-irnincr   feed    a  warm    masli 


1 

1 

1 

1 

( 

r 

;« 

i. 

ijfil 

if 

ii 

\i 


Tin.;  PKWCTICAI,  MCA'w  iJOCTOK 


f'.l 


% 


766 

made  ui  uluai  hran,  cr„-„  .-n„l  „at  cl,..,,  an<l  a  .Mnall  ,» r- 
ccntage  o,  altalfa  .nca!.  makes  a  ^e^^•  ..„,d  o  .nhinatiun.  At 
non„.  tal,!o  wastes  an,l  oals  make  a  ,i;nn,l  feci.  ]•>„•  tl.c-  even- 
ing Mual.  >M„K-ll,in-  sul.stamial  like  corn  or  barlcv  should  h^ 
i.sed  that  uill  aid  in  keeping  the  uarnuh  „f  liic  body  durii,.- 
tl'c  n,,iu.  ir  liticr  is  kept  o„  the  ll,nu,  wheat  thrown  .n 
ch.nng  the  tm-e„oon  will  give  th.  f.,wl  .xereise  winle  scareh- 
uv^nouu  Clnvcr  he.-uls  and  Ieave>  are  relished  l,y  the  I,ens 
and  liiey  shonld  !,ase  aceess  t,.  snnic  such  feed  every  day. 

Breeding  and  Selling  the  Chicks. 

Incubators  and  brooders  ar.  nia.ie  that  do  such  excel- 
Icnl  work,  and  can  be  had  at  sueh  a  inw  price,  that  it  hardiv 
seems  worth  the  while  .,,  set  ,i,c  luns  and  take  their  tim'e 
from  laymo-  tuo  momli.s  or  n.oro  lo  rai^e  chicko.s. 

I-Sgs  frnn.  the  early  malin-.,  in  kVbruarv  and  .March 
can  be  hat.  hed  in  the  ir.cubato,-,  the  chick>  'raised  in  the 
brooder  to  IJ,  io  ■>  poun.is  weight  each,  and  sold  for  broHers 
at  a  high  price,  yielding  go,„I  profits.  Jt  is  sometimes  a 
g-od  plan  to  savr  some  of  ,he  early  hatched  pullets  as  breed- 
ers, as  Ihey  make  good  eai  ly  winter  layers. 

Chicken-  fr.  ni  tlie  later  hatchings  can  be  kept  alon-  the 
roosters  sorted  out  and  sold  as  soon  as  they  reach  markei- 
ablc  age  and  weight,  savin-  the  pullets  to  sort  in  the  fall  to 
make  up  the  brewing  flock.  This  gives  a  chance  to 
bring  m  play  one's  judgment  in  selecting  the  pullets  of  good 
length  of  body,  medium  leng  h  of  legs  and  a  quiet  disposi- 
tion. ' 

When  the  flock  of  hens  have  been  kept  two  years  they 
should  be  sold,  and  allow  tlie  younger  ones  to  'take  their 
place.  Some  may  need  to  be  sorted  out  after  a  trial  the 
first  year.  The  pullets  arc  generally  healthier  and  lay  better 
during  the  first  year  than  the  older  ones.     It  is  well  to  get 


BREEDING  CHICKENS  ON  THR  FARM 


767 


The  success  in  keeping  up  the  flock  depends  on  t!ie 
selection  of  both  males  and  females,  and  tlic  proper  iiand- 
ling,  feeding  and  caring  for  the  same.  The  bulk  of  tiio 
profits  comes  from  tlie  sale  of  eggs,  the  early  chicks  fur 
broilers,  the  male  chickens  of  the  later  hatches,  and  selling 
the  old  breeding  hens  during  late  summer  and  early  fall. 
But  little  profit  is  generally  realized  from  selling  hens,  or 
chickens,  during  the  late  fall  and  early  winter. 

As  the  care  and  management  of  the  flock  usually  falls 
upon  the  farmer's  wife  with,  perhaps,  the  aid  of  the  children, 
it  furnishes  healthy  and  interesting  employment,  and  when 
handled  in  a  business  way.  yields  a  liberal  income  at  all 
times  of  the  year.  Such  employment  aids  in  promoting  con- 
tentment and  happiness  on  the  farm. 


xvi 


M  . 


iliil 


li; 


)nfm 


Hi 


DICTIONARY  OF  TBCHNICAL  AND  OTHER 
TERMS  IN  COMMON  USE 

It  has  hcvii  the  aim  of  all  cnnccrncd  in  the  publication  of  this 
oook  to  make  all  statenKiUs  as  free  as  possible  from  technical 
iiid  uncommon  words,  but  occasionally  one's  mind  needs  to  be 
refreshed  as  to  the  meaning  of  a  word  in  the  book,  or  the  owner 
of  a  copy  may  hear  a  term  used  in  connection  with  animal  dis- 
eases, which  he  does  not  understand.  To  help  the  subscriber  in  such 
2  case,  this  dictionary  is  added. 


Abdomen  -  riic  tully  ;  that  part  of  the 
body   ccmtaiiuMj^  the  stomach   ami 

illtL->tlllL>. 

Ablactation  — A  weaninv;  or  cfss,ition 

I: "III  Mukhnj;. 
Abomasum— The  lar^t  or  fourth  stoiii- 

lah  ol  animals  that  chow  the  cud. 
Abortion-  I{xiiu!>ion  of  the  fatushi-- 

lon-  it  i.^  capable  of  susl.iiniii,:;  life. 
Abrade  -To  ruh  off,  as  a  pieci.-  of  skin. 
Abscess-  A    swillir.j.;  aud    its   cavitj- 

loutaiuini;  pus  or  nialtir. 

Ab.scission — The  rutting  awav  or  re- 
uio\al  of  a  ;>  irl. 

Absorb— To  swallow  up;  to  clriiik  iu; 
to  lause  to  1)1'  removed. 

Absorbent  In  .anatomy,  one  of  those 
vessels  whiiii  imi)ibis  or  takis  up, 
as  the  lai-lials  or  lymph.ilits.  In 
■u-dieine,  any  subst.ince,  as  chalk, 
or  m,'i,i,'iu-si.i,  ii^ed  to  ah.sorb  acid- 
ity of  the  stomach;  or  anv  sub- 
stiince  applied  to  a  wound  to  lake 
up  the  discharge. 

Accelerate  —  Growinj,'  ((iiicker  and 
fa>ter,  as  an  accelerated  pulse. 

Acetabulum  —  The  bony  cup  ^vhich 
receives  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Acid  — Sour.      The  last  fermentation 

before  tlic  putrid. 
Acme  — The  top,  or  highest  point. 
Acrid — Pungent,  irritating. 
Acute — Sharp,    severe;  an  acute  Jis- 

■jase  is  severe,  anU   peedily  conies 


Adamantine  Substance— The  enamei 

fjf  the  teeth. 

Adenitis  —Innamniation  f)f  the  glands. 
Adhesion— A  joining  together,  as  the 

union  of  parts  iu  lualing. 
Adipose— Fatty  matter;  belonging  to 

f^it. 

Adventitious-- Accidental;    ac(iuired, 

as  diseases. 
Aerate     Mixing  with  air,  as  the  t)Io<Hl 

in  the  hmgs,  by  which  it  absorbs 

oxygen. 

Aetiology— Relating  to  the  cause  of 
<liscase. 

Affection— Disease,  or  ilisease  of  some 

particul.u-  pan. 

Affinity  —Tlie  attraction  winch  cau.ses 
bodies  to  .lilhere  and  form  com- 
jMiunds.  Th.it  which  causes  to  co- 
llere. 

Affluence — netermination  of  blood,  or 
of  humors,  to  a  part. 

Albumen — Substances,  animal  and 
vegetable,  resembling  the  white  of 
an  egg. 

Albumenuna-That  condition  in  which 
the  urine  conUiins  albumen,  and  an 
excess  of  urea,  coagulable  by  nitric 
acid  and  heat. 

Aliment— .\ny  kind  of  food. 

Alimentary  Canal— The  canal  extend 
ing  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus, 
through  which  the  food  passes. 

Alkal: — Any  substance  that  will  neu- 
tralize an  acid,  ;is  magnesia,  soda, 
polish,  etc. 


76» 


MiM 


:'■>' 


DICTIONARY  OF  Tl-;C11X1CAI.  TKRMS 


769 


Alterative     A  niL-iIiiiue  that  i^radually 

iiuliu  IS  a  i'ijan;;e. 
Alveolar  Proctsses   -Tli.it  part  of  tlu- 

jaw  tliat  foutaiiis  the  Sdcket-S  of  the 

ttuth. 

Amaurosis— A  loss  of  sif,'ht  from  loss 
(  f  ji  iwer  of  the-  optic  nerve. 

-Amnion  -  \  im-iuliraiic  enveloping  the 
fielus  juid  tilt  liijuiil. 

Amyloids — Foods  conijxjsed  of  cartxin 
and  hydrogen,  as  sugar  aii<l  starch. 

Anaemia— A  nior1  lid  condition  of  the 
blood,  in  which  it  is  deficient  in 
quantity  or  in  qu.i'ity. 

Anasarra — Dropsy  of  the  limbs,  abdo- 
men, chest,  e>.c. 

Ancesthetic-Th.it  vhich  produces  in- 
sensibility to  p.iin. 

\nalysis— Separation  into  parts;  re- 
solving into  original  clemeiils. 

Anatomy — Tlie  science  of  the  strui-- 
tare  of  t!ie  body. 

Anchylosis  -Tlie  stiffening,  or  unit- 
ing rigidly  the  parts  of  a  joint. 

Animalcule  -.\n  aniin.il  ili.it  is  invis- 
ible, or  ne.irly  so,  to  thenakeil  eye. 

Anodynrt  — .\  medicine  that  allays  or 
diiuinislies,  jiain. 

Antacid— .\  renitdv  for  acidity,  as  an 

alkali. 

Anterior— Before;  in  front  of  another 

part 

Alithelmintic — .\  remedy  to  destroy, 
or  e.Npel,  worms;  a  vermifuge. 

Ajitidote— A  reiiieily  to  counteract  the 
effects  of  a  poison;  that  which 
counteracts  hurtful,  or  noxious, 
substiinces, 

Antiperiodic— Medicine  to  arrest,  or 
retard,  the  return  of  a  paroxysm  in 
a  perioilic  disease. 

Antiseptic — .\n  agent  for  preventing, 
arresting,  orretardirg putrcfactioii. 

Antispasmodic— A  remedy  which  re- 
lieves sjxistus. 

Anus— Tlu;  posterior  opening  of  the 
alimentary  tract. 

Aorta — The  first  great  artery  to  '.eave 
the  heart. 

Aperient — Laxative  medicina;  that 
bowels 


Aphtha  rUeration  of  the  mouth,  be- 
gin.liiig  with  minute  blisters,  and 
eiuliiig  in  a  white  slough. 

Apoplexy —Sudden  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  substance  iif  the  brain. 

Aqueous — Watery;  having  the  prop- 
erty of  water,  as  wa'cy  matter, 
a<iueons  pus. 

Arachnoid— A  thin  membrane  cover- 
ing the  brain. 

Areolar  Tissue— A  network  of  deli- 
cate libres  spread  over  the  body. 

Artery — One  of  the  bIo<«i  vessels 
which  carries  the  red  blood  from 
the  beart. 

Articulate-Joining,  working  together 
or  upon  one  another,  as  the  bones. 

Asphyxia — Apparent  de.ith,  or  sus>- 
pended  animation.  Death  frori 
want  of  air. 

Assimilate  -To  make  like  anothe  ■; 
assiiiiiialioiiof  food  in  the  nutnticn 
of  the  body. 

Asthma -A  disease  attended  with  dif- 
liculty  of  breatliing,  and  a  sensa- 
tion producing  whee/ing,  cough- 
ing, and  other  distressing  symp- 
toms. 

Astragalus— The  largest    lx)ne  coir- 
posini'  the  hock  joint,  lying  in  fron 
of  another  c;.    cd  os  calcis. 

Astringent— That  which  binds  or  con  • 
tracts.     Astringent  medicines  con 
tract  the  tissues  and  suppress  dis- 
charges, as  from  the  bowels,  blood, 
or  mucus. 

Atlas— The  first  bone  of  the  neck,  or 
first  cervical  vertebra. 

Attenuate— To  draw  out,  to  make 
thin,  to  reduce  in  size,  or  strei.gtii. 

Atrophy — A  wasting  away  from  lack 
of  nourishment. 

Auricle— The  external  part  of  the  ear. 
also  parts  of  the  heart,  one  on  each 
.side  resembling  ears. 

Auscultation— A  method  of  distin- 
guishing diseasas,  especially  those 
of  the  chest,  by  listening  to  the 
S0Uiia3    iiiudc   by    the    'un^j    aad 

heart. 


' 


i 


5 


ir 


77'- 


Tlil'.   riJACTlCAI.  STd^'K   I)(  •L'TOK 


!'•  r 


Bars  (Of  the  h. "4).  Tlu  lud  n.!-i  , 
nt'h'irii,  pis^-inj;  from  tin-  licvlsof 
lliu  iiiKjf  tou.iri!  till'  t"-  of  tliifKi;;. 
(Ol  ihe  iiiouthi.  Thi?  trjinsviTM- 
rii!),'ts  on  llic  roof  of  lli'-  in  mill  of 
the-  hors  ■. 

Bicipital  -    Two  hc.idcil,     as       I'lccps 

^^ll^llc^,  liicipital  i.'riK)\t,  ttL. 
Bile  •  A    V.itler,    j'.i'ow,   or    j;iittiiah 

n.iiil,  .secreted  !■>  tlie  liver. 
Biliary -Pert-iim II),'   to    Mle.     Hili.ry 

<l;ut,  a  r.in.il  eontainin;.,'  liile. 
Biologjy— Tlie   sou'iire   of   life,   or   <'f 

liviiii;  tiodies. 
Biped — Two  ffK>tf>d.  as  man. 
Bisect— To  divide  int.>  tui>ec|ual  p.Trt- 

BJstoury— .\  sinal'  cv.tl'.n...,'  knife. 

Blood  Serum — The  yeilow  -fiuiii  lli.it 
is  left  after  the  eo,!!'\r..r-'.  n  of  llir 
Mo,,d. 

Bolus-- .\  larjie  pill.    Medieit.e  f  •!  n  i  ! 
in  a  round,  or  e\  liiidrie.  shap' .  ai:  I    j 
otteii  f.d'ed  a   1)  d!.      Tile   cyliii  ii  \ 
.slnpe  is  best.  | 

Boct--.\  Imffer,  a  leathei   ImihI,  uorr    I 
to   prevent    ..lie    foot    lUttinL'    tl.r 
<'ther  when  tra\  Lhi'i,'. 

Bou.cjie — .\ii  instniiiuni    for  r.pi  nin-.,' 
tile  urethra,  or    uriiiaiy,   (t   otlu  r    i 
passa^jes.  i 

Breedinr-in-and-in — I!ri  edin  j  to  el.  i^e 
rel.itioiis,  in  the  same  suii-family, 
as,  the  produce  of  the  s.ime  sire  iiut 
dilTtreiit  dams,  or  of  'i.,-  s.inie  sire 
and  d.iiu. 

Bronchi— First  two  hranches   of   the   ] 
^■.iIldpipe.      Uronchitis  is   the    ii.- 
fiauiiualion  of  the  lironchia. 

Broxy — Tenn  applied  to  .i  nr.m^ier  of 
lal.d  diseases  of  sheep,  e-peeially  to 
a  form  of  anthra.v  or  carhiuirul.ir 
fever. 

Cadaverous — Having  th.e  appeiirame 
of  a  dead  liodv.  (  From  llie  („it'.n 
Ciulaiir,  a  corpse.) 

Caesarian  Operation -The  euttiir.:  in- 
to the  abdomen  ami  \\omb  I'lbrin;; 
away  the  fu-tus,  when  ii.t'iral  *ie- 
livery  cannot  he  accomplished. 

Calcareous  —  Coiiiaiiiiiiir  liiue,  lliuc- 
like. 


Calculus  -Stones  fonned  by  the  de- 
p'>  it  of  solid  matter  in  any  purt  of 
ihe  body. 

Calks  or  Calkins.— The  heel  of  the 
horseshoe  when  turtiei!  down  to 
])re\ent  slipping,':  also  wounds  made 
by  the  calks. 

Callous     Induration:  a  hard  deposit; 

an  I  \ce>s  of  bony  matter 
Canal     A  tube  or  passaj.;e,  as  the  ali- 

liKiit.iry  c.m.il 
Canine  Teeth   -The  teeth  between  the 

Literal  incisois.ind  the  sm.iU  molars 

of  the  j.uv. 

Canker   -.\ny  .sore  that  eats  or  coi. 

rodes,   as    eroding   ulcers    of    the 

mouth. 
Cannon-bone— The   hone  Tielow    Ine 

kiieu  and  the  h.  ck. 

Canula— .V  hollow  tube  of  metal  or 
other  sub-lance,  userl  especially 
will,  the  trocar  when  t  ippiuj;  ca\'- 
itii--,  I  1  draw  of!  w.iter  or  .tjas. 

Cantharii  (plural,  Cantharides)— A 
Aiu.sd  insect  or  beetle,  use.l  for 
bli.  terini,';  Sp.inish  flies. 

Ca.-illary- Hair  like;  a  term  applied 
to  the  miuiite  branchinijs  of  the 
blood  vessels.  The  capillarv  ves- 
si  N  c.niKct  the  veins  and  the 
arteries. 

Capsular  Ligaments  -The  liKaments 
smroundinj;  the  j-jinis. 

Capsule — .\  membraneous  bag  or  sac. 

Carbon --.•".  11  tlementary  suhstanct 
foriaiiiL;  the  ba.se  of  charcoRl.  which 
is  impure  carbon.  The  diamond 
is  pure  carbon.     Carbonic  Acid  gas 


is    expelled    from     the    1 
bre.ithin'- 


uiigs    in 


Carminatives — Warming,  stimulating 
and  iioniatic  medicines  which  tend 
to  expel  wind,  or  to  remedy  colic 
or  flatulcmies. 

Carotid  Arteries— The  great  arteries 
of  the  side  of  the  neck. 

Cartilage.  —  Gristle.  -  The  substance 
(■ot.irin.ij  the  ends  of  the  bones 
itiovili;.^  and  working  iij«m  each 
other. 

v-AStiilc — 'file  cuid  oi  cuagulable  part 
of  milk;  the  basis  of  cheese. 


r 


jiT 


nun'ioNARV  iji  rixiixiCAr,  tj.rms 


771 


Castrate — To  >.''''.  fiii:isculatc  ;  to 
(U  priv  1.  ()t  testicle-". 

Cat*irh— All  intianiii;;iti()ii  iir  c  iiKf.- 
tioii  oi  any  Jiiiicmis  tiirtutiriiit--  i 
i-"M  alliiulVil  uilli  rmvHii^  cif  tln' 

IIOM!. 

Cataract— \ii  oliac-ity  oi   t!u  c'^-l.il 

iiR-  li-iis  of  till.  I  y^',  r.iu^iii..;  ;iaiti  il 

or  Hital  Miiiiluc^s. 
Calhai tic     A purK.itivtMiR-'luitif,  u-.<.-l 

ff  ■  frctiv  iijifiiii'j^  llic  bowels. 
Catheter—  Ar;     in-,tni!mtit   iki-cI     i.'V 

•  li.iwinglhc  ■walcrtr'nn  llu-blaiUler. 

Caustic — A  .'■iitiilaiici.  whiili  bMrti«.or 
(lestri)\s  tissue,  !is  C.uistic  i'otash, 
and  Nilrulc  of  Silwr. 

Cauterization  —  Scariiit,'  \vith  a  Im* 
ir"n,  or  v  itli  Caustic  iiiciii'iius. 

Cellular  Ti^Mif  Tl'e  iii'Vi1iraii<;,  ur 
tiss\if,  wh:iii  iii\t>t!=  l-m'iv  fil  ri'  :'i 
the  IkhIv,  cnniiiosi-'l  of  miiuUf  ce.I> 
c.>itiiuumialii:;.i  with  taih  otiier, 
ami  rtliiih  st  rvcs  as  ri-ervoJ's  tiir 
lit. 

Ci  piMlhc  •  l\Ttailiini'  to  tlicluad. 

Circbial-  I't  rtaiuiiii;  t'l  t!:i-  lirain. 
Ciitl)cllimi.  l!u-  ■-mailer  ami  lowii 
lualti.  Ceifliniin,  Uk-  ii])]>fr  ami 
l.ir^iT  firain. 

CiTvical  -r.wlongiiiK  to  thu  ticck. 

Chaiacteristic  That  \v!ii(h  is  pecu- 
liar to  a  tlnnt;,  ur  dislinguisht-s  it 
from  onolhtr. 

Cholagogue- A  iiieilii  iiik  I'.ial  incrcasef 
the  .secretion  of  biK-. 

Chronditis — InflamuiaticHi  of  Iht  csr 
tila,i;cs. 

Cborc'.dit's — l!!naniiiuUion  01  Ihfe 
choroid  coi't  <jt  the  ey.\ 

Ch'onic  — A  Jin-.,'erin!,',  kirn-Ft.Tnding 
disease,  si.i-ceedii.g  the  acute  sUige. 

Chyle— Tin  n]ilky  liquid  food,  as  it  Is 
found  in  the  intestines  fhiriiv.; 
f]i.;estion,  nwi  prepared  fro?n  tlie 
chynie,  ;;nd  ready  to  be  ahsorhiil 
I'V  the  ].uli:d  vcs.sels  fiet'ore  bein;' 
poured  f'orlh  iutolh'j  liIo<«i 

Chyme-Thu  food  ;!.s  Jiiodified  and 
prepared  by  trie  nctior.  of  the 
st.iiuach. 

Cicatrix— A  scar  left  ii.ft£rthe  bealnig 
O.f  a  wound,  or  ulcer 


Cilia     .^niall  hait.-i. 

'Jirtiilation     The   vital   action   which 

M.nds  the  Mood  thri>ui:h  the  nrte.- 

les    aiil    hi.k    a^j.iin   lUrou,v;li   the 

veini  to  the  heart. 
Clyster  -  I.iipnd  inedicitie  injected  into 

the  Miwer  intestine. 
Coagulate  — To  clifin).;e  to  a  curd  like 

SI  '.tj;  lo  thit  !;^n,  .T  h.;rden. 

Coffin-bone  The  tower  lioiie  o*'  the 
!■  ..;  i.:iea      1  in  tile  lio<,f. 

CclIapjC — :\  fallin.;  tocrether.     A  i  los 

iiij.'  of  vessels    )'.\lreinc  tlepre^sion 

fit  vitj  powers 
Colon     The    lar_i;er-t    di>.  isioti   of    the 

iniestin.i!  canal 
Coma     Lelharyy.       Drowsiiiesf,    pro- 

tlu'  eil  'ly  depression  of  tilt  brain 

Conctplion— T  lu;  liej^inninK  of  jirei;- 

liaiie;  ,    fecuiil  lUoii    by  the  act  of 

the  male. 
Concti-i  o;j  ■  A   in.iss   lonneit   by    the 

iini'/ii  of  .lejiaraLt  particles  into  one 

body. 

Cwndinient  -  S'ili:-ianri  s  Usui  to  im- 
prove, 01    Heighten,  tht    tl.ivor   of 

t'lK...l. 

Cor^enital  liorn  with  another:  of  the 
same  larlh.  lit  'on.tjiiij^  to  the  in- 
diviiUi.iI  from  birth. 

Confluent— I'lowinj^  together ;  run- 
ning one  itito  another. 

Coil^restion— An  accinnnlalion  of  b'ooil 
lu  :.:'7  part  of  the  biMly,  as  the 
Jungs,  braiti,  etc. 

Coni'.Tnrtifa-  The  membrane  that  lined 
itae  eye'''.!'  atid  covers  tlie  outer 
5-  r  a.,'  Ol  the  cyeb.ili. 

Caa^trJc-loD— Iteu'iuK,    rt   binding, 

:ot;c-;i.'':r,    .'.S    cousu-iClioE    of    the 

liiu-  ctos  o£  l.rxY  pcirt. 
CcrPtipf-.iOKi— /-  •Tucnitvira''  .'•  v  :-tion 

of  the  fecal  tnatler  oi  the  bci^eis; 

CO.~tivene.s<;. 
Contagion— fee   trncniii'-sjo'j    of    c 

(h.se.ase  by  cilrect,  or  by  ividirect 

cont.ict. 

Contorted — Twl.sleA,  twSstir.r^,  wi^*b- 
injj,  as  the  body   in  pain,  or   Irr'- 
the  result  of  disease. 

Contusicn — A  bruise;  n  wound  made 
by  i.  biow,  or  a  bruise. 


i 


I 


i 

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k4. 


772 


TIIK  I'RACTICAF.  SToc'K    DocTOR 


'L 


Convoluted  Roll.-.l  t(.j;ttli.T.  nr  iip-.ti 
Itself.  ThfiH-tehriiiii  is  lutuoliiti  .1 

Cornra  A  tniiisjiaiitit  ioMTiiiy,'iif  ilu- 
fnmi  f)f  tlu-  e_-c. 

Coronet   -Till-  tijiijir  part  nf  tln>  lioi.f. 

just  wlitre  it  jo'.is    Ik-  skiii. 
Corrosive- Tli.il     wliu-li    e.its    aw:tv. 

ilfslrovin^^  tlie  Itxliiridl  tlie  livini- 

I"«lv.  ■ 

Costal  llelonxiiiK  to  (he  ritis.  I'mm 
<  i'lA/,  a  rib. 

Counter  Irritation.  — An  Hpplic.itioii 
to  irritate  niu-  part  of  the  ho.hto 
ii'Iieve  pain  in  another.  .\  Mi-tcr, 
■r  intistaril  poultice,  pro'lures 
C'liinter  irritation. 

Cranium— The  skull.  Crniiial;  ]ier 
t.ii;iinj,'  to  llie  skull. 

Crepitation  -Tirin  npplii-.i  to  the 
1101-.C  iii.iik'  \>y  the  eurls  of  frac- 
tured bones,  will  11  thiv  ^'r.ito  to- 
Kither.  Also  the  ,s(;unil  pro<luct,-il 
l>y  ])ressinij;  toi,'etlur  cellular  tissue 
in  which  air  is  cont.iiiieil. 

Cribbing  of  Hor.ses)  —  The  act  of 
sei/.iii),'aiiy  iKird  suhstance,  or  pres- 
sinj{  thtrcoii  with  the  teeth,  and 
Kulniii),,';  sonutiints  calhd  wind- 
suck  int;,  thouijh  the  latter  ir,  lujt 
necessarily  crilil.in^,'. 

Croup  or  Crupper— The  top  of  the 
hijK  of  a  hor--c;  also  the  strap  of 
Icalhi-r  K"'n>;  under  tho  tail. 

Cul-de-sac — .\  p.issage  closed  at  on-.' 
en<l. 

Curb— .\  soft  swelling;  hecoinin>jhanl, 
situated  on  the  hack  part  of  the 
hind  le.!,'.  just  helow  the  point  of 
the  hock. 

Cutaneous— Pertainin;.^  to  the  skin. 
Cuticle,  the  epidermis  or  scurf 
skin. 

Cyst,  Cystis-  .\  stuall  Madder  or  sac; 
api>lied  to  those  containiuj,'  iiiorlnd 
matter  or  parasites,  which  hccoti-.e 
encysted  or  enclosed  in  an  ciAil 
ope. 

Cystitis— IntlaininatioTi  of  the  hi, i.Mcr. 

Decoction  --\ii  extract  prep.ired  li\ 
hoiliuj;  something,'  in  water. 

Defecation — Purifyint;  from  impuri- 
ties of  foreijjn  m.itter.  The  voiding 
of  excrement  fro!:;  tf*,:*  K-^-'v 


'    DcKlutition     Till-  .lit  of  swallowinj;, 
P'lwcr  of  s»aliouiii^'. 

Dejection  -III  medicine;  the  act  of 
voidini;  excreiiienl,  the  excrement 

voided. 

Degenerate     To   j;row    worse  or   in- 

i        ferior. 

Deleterious     That  which  is  .Icstiuct- 
'         i\e  or  jKiisonous. 
Delirious     Insanity;    a  wandering  of 

!         mind  in  dise.isc. 

Deliquescent  The  net  of  heccmiing 
liquid  by  altMctinj;  moisture  from 
the  air. 

Demulcent— A  liquid  or  substance  that 
is  of  a  mucila^;inolls  naturt-,  and  is 
thoUKht  to  i)roUct  the  tissues  from 
the.uti'.ii  of  a.  rid  or  irritant  sub- 
stances. 

Dens— A    tooth.      I)ental,    jiertaininK 
;         to  teeth.     1-intition,  the  develop- 
ment of  teeth. 

Deodorizer— A  substam  e  that  destroys 
bail  odors. 

I   Depletion -The  act  nf  emptvinj,'.     A 
.         condition  of  exhaustion. 
I   Dermal  -Pertaining;  to  the  skin. 
■   Dessicate— To  dry  up. 

Desquamation— .\   .scalinj;  olf  of  the 
'         skin. 
Diabetes— .All  excessive  flow  of  urine. 
A  flow  of  urine  containing  saccha- 
rine matter. 

Diagnosis— Tile  distii-^uishinK  of  one 
disease  from  aiiolhei. 

Diaphoretic— .\  medicine  that  causes 
pcrspir.itioii,  .;r  sweating,'. 

Diaphragm— The  m.dritT.  The  inetn- 
braiif,  or  broad  muscle  that  sepa- 
rates the  Ihor.ix,  or  chest,  from  the 
abdomen,  or  bellv. 

Diathesis- Peculi.arityofconstitution. 

Diffuse— To  extend,  ordrive  out.  Th.at 
which  may  tlo-.v  or  spread,  as  a  dif- 
fusible .stiimilaiit. 

Dilate— To  open  wide,  as  the  eye. 

Dilitation — The  e-\i>imsion  of  a  bodv 
from  over-fullness. 

Dilute — To  make  thin,  as  medicine 
■.v:lh  water,  with  cii,  etc. 


i' 


DICTIONARY  OF'  TJ-CMNICAI,  TKRVS 


77.1 


or  "UM  n  1-- 


Diminutioii     A  li-^-i  tiitij^', 

iiu:,  ii"*  "f  piiii,  I ti . 
Disinfection  — Til'-  ;i>  l  i.f  fit.  iti^;  fn.in 

iiikilimis  iii.itlrr. 
Dislocation  -  I'litliii),'  out  of  joint. 

Dissection  —  I',\]«>^iii'.,'    'An-   <lillirfiit 

parts  of   a  liiul  Uily,   iti  ordt  r  I  > 

stu'ly   ■-truitun-  :iuA   ;irTMii>;(iiiriit. 
Distorted  - Drfnriin-il,  crookccl,  out  of 

llip  II  itural  >li.i|ii'. 
Distend — To  strctili  out,  or  swill. 
Diuretic— .V   iiii'ilicint'   th.it  iiicnisis 

thf  How  (jf  unuc. 
Dorsal--  P<'rt:iiiiiii>{  to  tlu-  liai-k.     The- 

•  lorsiil  coluiiin;  tlii'  li.uk  1k:ih:. 
Douche— n.'islii's  or  jits  f)f  water  or 

vapor   ilircitLcl    to    some    ilistaM-il 

part. 
Dram  or  Drachm    'iiu  lii^htli  part  of 

an  oiiiu'e. 
Drench    -I.iquiil    iiiidirines   j;i\i  ii  l)y 

thf  mouth. 
Duct — .\  tuho  or  vessel  for  convcyin^^ 

a   fluiil   or   the    .sccretioii.i  of    tlu' 

(.glands. 
Duodenum— The  first   portion  of  the 

small    intestines,    into    which    the 

bile  is  poured. 
Dura  Mater  -Thick  fibrous  inembraue 

liiiini;  the  c.ivity  of  the  skull. 
Dysuria-  Painful  aiul  incomplete  p.is- 

s.ii^c  of  urine. 

Ecbolics— Ajjents  that  cause  contrac- 
tion of  the  womb. 

Ectozoon — Parasites,  as  lice,  infestinj< 

surface  of  the  body. 
Ecrpseur — .\n  instrument  used  in  sur- 
{^ery,  especially  in  castration. 

EfBuvia— Morbiit  exhal  iliotis  of  the 
bodv;  sometimes  a])plied  to  animal 
and  ve,i;eLible  odors. 

Eft'usion — The  ponrin^^out  of  blood  or 
other  fluids  from  the  proper  vessels 
ii.lo  the  cellular  tissue  or  into  a 
cavity. 

Ejec*ion  -  Castint;  out,  as  ejecting 
Huproper  matters  from  the  stomach. 

Eliminate— To  di>charKe  or  exjx;!. 

Ema.sculation  —Removal  of  the  male 
generative  orKans;  castration. 


Embryo  The  imprrj;n«t  'd  ovum  in 
the  womb,  after  its  ^jrowth  li.is  tie- 
Kun. 

Emetic  .\  medicine  fjiven  Id  induce 
vomiting. 

Emollient     Softenin^j  or  relaxing. 

Encysted     I'incli'-eil  in  .i  s.ic, 

Endorardiiini  The  lining  in<  iiibratu- 
of  the  heart. 

Enema  Mc'i'-ine'i  i;iven  bv  injection 
into  the  in  tniil. 

Enteric  -Heloti^'ing  to  the  bowels, 
llnterilis  is  lullainimtioii  of  the 
lM)wels. 

Entozoa— I'lrasitei  \vithiii  the  Ixxiy. 

Epidemic  A  <lise«st  that  afi  . -s  i 
lar^;e  nunilur  as  thciit»li  lariied 
through  the  air,  and  in  which  the 
death  rale  is  high. 

Epiglottis  —The  covering  of  the  glot- 
tis. A  lorigue-sh.ipecl  projei  t'on  to 
prevent  food  or  licjuids  from  enter- 
;ng  the  windpipe. 
.pithelium — The  thin  covering  \\\>(}U 
the  lips,  ui])ples, mucous, and  serous 
membranes;  the  lining  of  the  bloiMl 
Vessels  and  other  canals. 

Epizootic— A  contagious  disea-e,  at- 
tacking a  large  number  of  Biiinials 
at  once.  .'Vpplicd  to  catarrhal  fever 
or  inlhicn/a,  which  spreads  rapiillv 

Equine — P.elvinging  to  the  horse. 

Esophagus  -  Oesophagus  — The  gul 
let,  or  lube  of  the  throat  which  con- 
veys food  to  the  stomach. 

Evacuate  -To  empty,  or  pass  out,  as 
to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

Excision— The  cutting  out,  or  cutting 
olT,  any  part. 

Excoriate— T)  remove  the  skin  in 
part;  to  rub  and  gall,  or  break  llie 
skin;  to  abrade. 

Ejicrement— Refuse  matter;  the  dung. 

Excrescence — .\n  unnatural  or  supcr- 
lluuus  growth. 

Excretion -The  act  of  throwing  ofl 
elTitf  matter  from  the  animal  sys- 
tem. That  which  is  thus  thrown  off. 

Exhalation  .\  breathing  out,  as  the 
air  from  the  lungs, 

Exostosis —An  unnatur.il  growth,  or 
projection  of  Iwne. 


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774 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK   DOCTOR 


E xpoctorant  — A    nioiliciiiu   thnt   pro- 

liuitos  (ii.-charj^v  Iroui  tlio  luuK'^i'r 

thr  •vX. 
Extensor- tendons  — Tlr,'  t'-iuloii  . 

■.vhith.-ticlih  (Hit  llic  iiii.ij.-. 
Extirpation — The    C"iii;'\;u   jvinovai 

I'l  ;i  J,  irl  uith  a  kniu-. 
Extravasatf — Tr.  kt  (nitiif  tl-.c  proj'ir 

M-^-il,  a-;  tlic  l>i"o'l,  al'tci   the  rnji 

fare  of  a  la^  n.l  \i>-c-l. 
Exudate — A  swi/.i'-iu;:,  or  p,\SNin>.' out 

of   a  rqui'l    l>rou;^a  th^.-    \v.rli--    nr 

l!U-iii1>r -.I'.'.-s    I'oiU.iiau!;,'    it.      T  1'.  i.- 

hijiud  .i*"tt'r  :t  is  passt  1  "Ut. 
Facia;  -rerlaiirinv;  ti- th..'  i  f  e. 
Feces — Tlu.-  exorLintiit  fi.  in  tiu- uilvs- 

tiiies. 
Febr'.fiige     A    iiic'ioir,.-    ih  ■.'    h'W.-r--, 

ib.e  ti-inoeratir.i-  of  tlu    ''ody,   and 

counteracts  !■    ,  i , 
Febrile — rertamin-^  to  fever. 
FfCulant— toa!    or     impure    niatlcr, 

fornir-d  r.y  fb-   arjfk'nLT   d.uii   <  f 

the  t.i^.aies,  ext  ■  >  uienvUioiw  ri'.Mer. 
Femur— The  tl'.iuli  *^)'ie  p^'opi  r 
FerT.eniation-   A    cfaaa;.;e   hr  /iiuht    ■ 

ai>..r,l    l>y   a    pi^x'e*--.   of    ihri'iir,. . 

silioa. 
Fetid  —  HasiiiCi^n  >  rt;':i--ive  .nlo;'. 
Fibrin -An    ori.;a:;;e  s'^^-^laiue    '■'VWiil 

in  the  Wood,  which  eansrs  iU"  .d^  t. 
F'brous   Tissue  —  Cninu-ctive   li-.i'..  , 

composed,  chieliyiif  wlii'e  ineia^'iic 

<:r  ye"ow  e1  islir  iiher.s. 

Fibula— The  '-mail,  or  splin'er  hoae   ; 

of   the  le;..;,  att.udicd   to   the   outer    i 

-:d.cef  the  tihia.  | 

Fistula  -A  dei'ji,  narrow  nlc.-r.  ha\  i:v- 

a  pas>.v.^e  ii.adin;;  to  it,  with,  .i  ci.ii. 

stant  (lisdiarL't. 
Flanks — That  p.-irt    <;f  tlie   horse  he- 

twet  n  the  f.aise  ri'  '-.  hi]-. .,  and  stiiU- 
Flatulent     Cencratiie^',  or  tend'u'.i  t  . 

.<.;eiiivate,  wind  in  the  .sloniaih  aiid 

inli  -ti.t  •. 
FlPxor — .\  v:".S(de   whn-e  offirp  is  to 

hend  1  jiirt.     In  apposition  to  ex-    ! 

tensor. 
I'cetus-Tiii;  yoii"  '  .  :.j;'.a. 

Fr^f. .    tjr  Df^      I.ocal  npplir.itiot";   of 
eJoths    v.rn,'".;    oat    in    Imt   or     -oM    ' 
water.  i 


Foramen — .\  hole  passing;  throiij^h; 
ap]jlie(l  to  i'.oKs  in  hone;  also  othe:' 
ti-isues. 

Fu:r.it"ate — To  apply  sninlce  or  vapor. 
Function --The  ofiice  <ir  dii'.>-  of  any 

part  o:  tlie  hody. 
Funda-nent  -The  antis  or  txtn.nn'ty  of 

il;e  houel.     The  end  of  the  :..;i!t. 
Fun  ;ns~The  hoitoni   or  l.a>e  of  any 

C')',    ill. 

Fungus — A  spoi)i:y  frrowth  rescinblin.s; 

laudiroi.nis. 

Gal!  -Tl;e  fluid  contained  in  the  K'^H- 
Id.iddcr,  ron;i-tin,i;  prinripal'y  of 
the  hi'.e  -ecretod  by  l!;e  luer. 

Ganglion — -\  bunch  of  ne:  \e  fibers, 
cau-i".'  the  enl.ir^a  nunt  if.a  nerve, 
;in  I  r.  -  ■Ui'ihiit:  a  knot  .\  nerve 
rem  '. 

Gani;rer!f  -  I)i  ath  of  a  p.;rl  of  the 
I"  d\-.  or  oi  any  p'Tti'.n  of  its  tis- 
sue' . 

Ga.stric— hertaitiiu'.^  to  the  stomach, 
(iaslritis,  inllainm.i'iDU  of  the 
sloni.ieh. 

Gelatine — .\nitna.l  jiilv.  ("clatinou.s: 
jelly-like. 

Geni.r.^it  •- -To  he;:et  off.  prine;  bej^'et- 
tir.f.'  or  ]>i-. idiaan).;  youue;  bieed- 
ii'K. 

Genita'ri — The  organs  of  reproduction 
or  m  Herat!'  'U. 

Giand— .-\  strurture  for  secretinj;  cer- 
tain !liiids  of  the  body,  ami  con- 
tuininj,'  a  tube, 

Glans-   The  lu.id  of  the  penis. 

Gestation — The  cniiitionof  prefjnacv  , 
or  beint,'  with  youni;. 

Gleet  -  Tl'.in  TualUr  issuin;,'  from  ,in 
ulcer,  in  horses,  ajipliel  to  na-.'i' 
j;leet  aln-O'it  exclusivelv. 

Glott'S  -The  imrripw  opeuinir  at  t''i 
t'  p.  "(  Otj  \vinrli)ii  e. 

Grat:itnivO'Ous— I'eed.intj  on  j^r.-^sses 
aii'i  •  tiijr  vc:,retab]e  fool. 

Graniverous  — I'ecdint^  oti  i,Tain  nnd 
■  >llu  r  .-e;ds. 

Grarailat  ,1-  ""'o  ;;ro'iVCr  develnp  in  the 
form  of  ('■'ain,  as  iiev\  ilesh  in  the 
lie.ilinr  oi  a  wouiui. 


DICTIONARY  OF  TKCHNICAL  TERMS 775 


Gravel— Calculous  iiiatler  found  in  the 
kidnejTi  or  Madder. 

Gravid-Tlie  stale  of  being  with  young. 

Groin— The  oMique  dLprt--sion  be- 
tween the  abdomen  and  thigh. 

riaui.ch— That  part  of  the  bo.ly  that 
lies  between  the  last  ribs  and  the 
thigh.  1"  the  horte,  the  bony 
region  of  the  hips. 
Haw— The  ],rnct;ss  of  the  eye  socket, 
whieh  i>  tb.rown  over  the  eye  to 
clear  it  of  foreign  sn>)>tances. 
Haematin— The  coloring  matter  of  the 

blood. 
Hem.nlegia  — Paralysis,  affecting  one 

side  ol  the  body. 
Hemorrhage— .\  discharge  of  blo<.d 
from  the  vessel  routaiiiing  it;  bU  ed- 
ini;. 
Hepatic  — Iklongiiig  to  the  liver. 
Ikjiilitis:  iiiilainmatiou  r.E  the 
livfr. 

Herbivorous— reeding  on  herbs. 
Hereditary— Transmitted  from  parent 

to  (jllspring. 
Hernia  — Rupture,   or    ?'>ft   tumor, 
formed  b\    the   protrusion   of   any 
intern, d  part  through  a  natural_  or 
accident  d  opening  in  the  enclosing 
membrane. 
Humor -.\ny  lluid  of  the  boily,  excep- 
ting the  l.'lood. 
Humerus— The  upper  bone  of  the  fon- 

let;. 
Hybrid— The  offspring  of  two  duTcent 
species  of  anitnah,  ns  of  the  horse 
an<l  the  ass-  the  mule. 
Hydrocephalus— Water  in  (dropsy  of) 

the  head. 
Hygiene— The  prese-v.ation  of  health 

and  prevention  of  disease. 
Hymen— The   fold   of   mucous   mem- 
brane between  the  Milva   and  the 
vagina. 
Hyperemia  — A    superabundanoe,    or 
eougestinn  of  blood  in  any  part  ot 
the  body. 
Hypertrophy— Jvxcessive  growth;  en- 

1  irucinenl:  thickening. 
Hypodermic— Heneath  tlu-  -skin.  Used 
prineip.-ilU    ot  medicines— as   mor- 
phia,    ell'.,     applied    b>    injection 
under  the  skin. 


Ileum— The  lower   part  of  the  small 

intestine. 
liiu.n— The  flank  bone,  which  in  the 

fetus,  is  distinct  fror.i  the  other  hip 

bones. 
Impregnation— The  act  of  rendering, 

or  -Lite  of  being,  pregnant. 
Incision-  The   act  of    cutting,   as   in 

an  oper.ition. 
Incisors— The  front  teeth  of  the  juw.s. 
Incontinence     Inability  to  retain  the 

natural  evacuations. 
Induration— The  h.irdening  of  a  part 

from  the  effcets  of  disease. 
Infection— Communicating  disease  by 

germs. 

Infusion— I, iiiuid  produced  by  steep- 
ing insoluble  substances  in  water 
without  boiling. 

Inhalation— .V  drawing  into  the  lungs; 
the  inbreathing  of  metlicated  or 
p.oi--oiious  fumes. 

Injection- Liquid  nie<licines  thrown 
into  a  n'lur.il  or  artificial  cavity. 
I'Mi.dlv  with  a  svringe. 

Inoculation  -The  production  of  liis- 
ease  bv  virus  or  matter  from  a  sore, 
(■(■inniiinicaled  from  one  animal  to 
another. 

Instinct— Sense,  ns  applied  toauimals. 

Integument— The  covering  which  in- 
vests the  Iwdy  (the  .skin),  or  a 
nuTiibrane  covering  any  particular 
p,irt  of  it. 

Intercostal  — Between  the  ribs. 
Intermittent— Coming  and   going   at 

intervals. 
Interstice   -A  small  space  between  the 
particles  of  a  body. 

Intussunception- The  slipping  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  small  intestines 
into  t'lc  lower. 

Iris— Tb'-  circular  memlirane  of  the 
tv,  which  gives  the  eye  its  color, 
aiid  perforated  to  form  the  pupil. 

Jejiinura—The  middle  di\  isiun  ni  the 
final!  intestine,  or  lh.it  jmrtion  be- 
tween the  dueidenum  an<l  the  ileum. 

Juguli.  Vein— The  large  vein  of  the 
iieek. 


« 


I  1 


ll    ':        " 


776 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


\> 


'  i    > 


I 


m 


il. 


■  It  #i-l  iti  IS 
^M}II.li   '1  'i 


Labial— Beloiiginj;  to,  or  jiortainingto, 
lips 

Lacerate— To  tear.   A  lacerated  wouii.] 

is  a  torn  wouini. 
Lachrymal — Portaininp  to  to  irs.    Tin- 

lachrMiial  duct  is  the  one  ;pa<iiii^' 

from  the  nose  to  the  eyes. 
Lactation — The  act  of  giving  suck,  or 

time  of  suckling. 

Lacteals — The  lymphatic  vessels  of 
the  intestines. 

Lactic  Acid— The  acid  of  sour  milk. 
Lamella — .\  thin  plate  or  scale;  per- 
taining to  the  i.natomy  of  the  foot. 

Laminitis — Founder;  an  inflaniination 
of  the  sensitive  Jj.irts  between  the 
pedal  or  cofTin-bone  and  tlie  ho(jf. 

Larynx — The  enlarged  UTi])er  portion 
of  the  \vind])ipe,  an  extending; 
into  the  throat.  Laryngitis:  in- 
flammation of  the  larynx. 

Lateral — At,  or  to,  one  side. 

Lesion — Any  hurt  or  injury. 

Levator— A  general  name  for  a  muscle 
whose  otTice  is  to  raise  some  part, 
as  the  lip  or  eyelid. 

Ligaments— The  hands  which  hind 
vhe  hones  together  at  the  joints. 

Ligature— Silk  or  flax  thread,  or  any 
material  suitable  for  tying  arterie-. 
Also  a  bandage  u^ed  to  stop  bletr.l- 
ing. 

Liquefaction — The  act  or  process  of 
reducing  a  solid  to  a  liijuid  form. 

Lithotomy — The  operation  of  extract- 
in;.;  a  stone  from  the  bladder. 

Lobe— .\  ro;md,  projecting  part  of  any 
organ,  as  of  the  lungs  and  liver. 

Loin  -That  jiortion  of  the  borly  be- 
tween the  hip-boue  and  rib.-.. 

Lotion  -Fluid  niij.lied  externally,  usu- 
ally by  means  of  a  cloth  l:cpt  con 
stantly  wet  therewith.     T.inimcnl- 
are    applied   externally,    but   with 
rubbing. 

Lum  Dago— Rheutnatism  of  the  lumbar 
region  of  the  back. 

Lymph -.\  trauspaient  and  nearh 
colorless  fluid,  f(iui!d  in  the  hin'- 
phatic  vessels. 


Macerate— To  sf)ften  and  separate  the 
parts  of,  by  steeping,  ns  in  a  fluid 
or  by  the  digLsti\  e  process. 

Malady -Disease,  or  ailment. 

Malar — Pertaining  to  tho  cheek-bona 

Malformation- Badly,  or  .ninaturally 
shaped,  or  formed. 

Malignant— Severe.    Tending  to  pro 

(luce  death. 

Mallcnders — An  eczematous  condition 
occurriug  in  the  ile.xures  of  the 
knee-joints,  causing  dryness  ami 
scurfiness  of  the  part. 

Mammals — Ilavingan  ii<lder,  or  teats, 
tor  suckling  the  young. 

Mammary  Glands— The  glands  wbicl, 

secrete  the  nii'k. 

Manipulation— The  art  of  treating 
uorkit'.,.;,  •  operating  with  Xht 
h.and. 

Massage— Kneading  and  rubbing  th< 

fli  ^h  with  the  hands. 

Mastication— The  act  of  chewintr  tb 

Materia  Medica— A  term  includinji 
;.il  medicines,  or  substances,  used 
in  th.e  cure  of  disease. 

Maxilla— The  upper,  or  lower,  jaw. 

Meatus — Canal,  or  passage. 

Mediastinum- The  partition  fonne(J 
I'v  the  meeting  of  the  i,Ieura,  divid- 
ing the  chest  into  two  lateral  parts, 
and  separating  the  lungs. 

Medullary— Consisting  of,  resembling, 
or  ;)ertaiuing  to,  marrow. 

Membrane— A  thin,  sheet-like  struc- 
ture, usu  dlv  ilbrous,  covering,  or 
lining,  some  part,  or  org;in. 

Mesentery— The  fold,  or  membrane, 
whicli  attaches  the  intestines  to  the 
spine. 

RTetastasis — The  transference  of  dis- 
case  from  one  part  to  another. 

Mia- ma— The  product  of  animal  or 
vegetable  putrefaction,  causing  dis- 
ease. 

Midriff— The  iliaphragm. 

Milk  Fever— A  disease  affecting  cows 

-■ioon  .dter  partiiiition. 
Molecide  -  The    sn-.alle^t   portion   of 

matter  which  can  exist  aloue. 


Ml^ 


:i 


DICTIONARY  OF  TECHNICAL  TERMS 


777 


Morbid — A  stale  of  disease;  the  pro- 
duct or  result  of  an  unnatural  sUite, 
as  morbid  humors. 

Mortification  -The  death  of  a  part 
from  ^uugreue. 

Motor — That  which  causes,  or  is  the 
instnmienl  of,  movement;  as  the 
motor  muscles. 

Mmcus— A  mucilaginous  fluid  found 
on  the  surface  of  cort.iiu  mem- 
hranes,  which  keeps  them  soft  and 
pliable. 

Naevus — A  natural  mark  or  blemish; 

a  birth-mark. 
Narcotics — Dru^js  which    allay   pain 

and  produce  slei-p,  but  first  produce 

excitement. 
Nasal  —Pertaining  t'  the  nose. 
Nausea   -Any  t^  V     -ss  of  the  stomach 

with  inclination  lO  vomit. 
Necrosis — Death  of  a  bone,  or  a  poi- 

tiou  of  a  bone 
Neuralgia— A  painful  affection  that  is 

seated  in  the  nerves,  especially  of 

the  face. 
Neurotomy — The  cutting  or  division 

of  a  nerve. 

Neutralize — To  destroy  the  force  or 
tiTect  of  anything. 

Nutritive  —  Tending  to  nourish  or 
build  lip.  Nutrition:  that  which 
nourishes. 

Ocular— Relating'  to  the  eyes. 
Oedema— Eliusion  of  serous  fluid  ii;t<> 

the    cellular    tissues,    producing 

swelling. 

Omentum-  -The  Cau!  —A  fold  of  the 
peritoneum  membrane  covering  the 
mtestines  in  front  and  atUiclied  to 
the  stomach. 

Opacity— Want  of  transparency;  th.it 
(lu.ility  of  bodies,  by  which  they 
cannot  transmit  the  rays  of  light. 

Optic — rertaiiiing  to  sight,  as  the 
optic  nerve;  relating  to  the  laws  of 
vision. 

Orbit — In  ocular  anatomy,  the  bony 
cavity  in  which  the  e\  e  is  situated. 

Organic^Coinposed  of,  or  pertaining 
to  an  (.irgan.  or  ite  function;  de- 
pendt-nt  on,  or  resulting  from, 
oiganisffl. 


Orifice — The  mouth  or  entrance  to  any 

cavity  of  the  body. 
Os— The  technical   name  for  a  bone. 
Osseous:   resembling  bone;   Ixany. 
Ossiiicatiou:  changing  to  bone. 
Ostalgia — Pain  iu  one  or  some  of  the 
bones. 

Os  uteri— The  mouth  of  the  womb. 

Ovariotomy — The  opt  lation  of  remov- 
ing the  ovaries  from  the  female 
animalj  spaying — analogous  to  the 
gelding  of  the  male. 

Ovaries — The  organs  connected  with 
the  uterus  that  mature  ^nd  give  oft 
the  ova  (eggs),  which,  when  im- 
pregnated by  the  male,  produces 
the  fcjetus. 

Oxygen — The  life-supporting  clement 
of  the  air,  and  constituting  a  little 
lucre  than  one-fifth  of  it.  With 
nitrogen  and  argon  it  forms  air; 
with  hydrogen  it  forms  water. 

Ozcena — Nasiil  gleet;  c;itarrh. 

Palate — The  roof  of  the  mouth. 

Palpitation— A  rapid, thumping,  move- 
ment of  the  heart,  from  mental 
excitement,  or  irom  disease. 

Papillae— Small,  nipple-shaped  proni- 
iiieiices  found  on  tlic  tongue  und 
skin. 

Pancreas — The  narrow,  flat  gland  ex- 
tendingaloug  theduodt-uum,  some- 
times called  the  "s-.veet-bread." 

Paralysis— ,^n  affection  impairing,  or 
destioyiiiL'.  the  natur.il  function, 
es]ieeiall\  ilie  voluntary  movement, 
of  a  part;  called  also  "  palsy." 

Paraplegia — Paralysis  of  the  hind 
(|u.irters  on  both  siiles;  usually  due 
to  some  injury  or  iiiilammation  of 
the  .spinal  cord. 

Parasite— An  animal  which  lives  on, 
or  in,  the  body  of  another  animal. 

Parotid  Gland— The  largest  of  the 
s.-ili%-ary  glands,  situated  belov7  the 
ear. 

Paroxysm— Tn  disease,  a  recurrence 

Coming  after  an  iir.ermission. 

Parturition— The  act  of  bringing  fortb 

the  young. 
Patella— The  knee-pan. 


i-- 


iH 


M 


t  :! 


1  ' 

:     U    1 

AP'' 

'1    *l 

W'ii 

i    ''         '* 

778 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Pathology — Tlie  scieiu-e  wliiih  tieats 
ut  the  c,ui.-.es,  ii.iture,  t.yiii;)toiiis, 
and  cure  of  disease. 

Pectoral — Pertaininj^  to  the  breast,  as 
the  pootor.'il  iiiu^ties.  A  reiiieilv 
fur  ullectious  uf  thro  it  and  lungs. 

Pelvis — That  p.irtof  the  trunk  hou.iil- 
inj;  the  abdomen  at  the  ruar,  con- 
taining; a  p.irlof  the  intestines,  and 
the  internal  urinary  and  L;enita! 
organs. 

Penis — The    exterior   male   or;.;an   f'f 

uriuatio'i  and  generation. 
Pericarditis  —  Inllannnatiou     of    the 

pericardium,  or  serou.^  membrane, 

enclosing  the  heart. 

PerincEum — The  space  between  the 
anus  and  the  genital  organs. 

Per'osteura — The  fibrous  membrane 
co\erin;;  a  bone. 

Peritoneum — The  serous  niendinine 
which  lines  the  cavity  of  the  abd< - 
men. 

Peritonitis— Inflanmiation of  the peii- 
toneum. 

Pharynx — The  muscular  tube  at  the 
back  part  of  the  niouth  which  leails 
to  the  gullet. 

Physiology-  -The  science  which  tre^its 
of  the  fanctiuns  of  the  various 
organs  of  the  body. 

Placenta  —  The  membrane  covering 
the  young  in  the  woml) — the  .d'ter- 
birth. 

Pb  thora— Having  a  full  habit  of  the 
body;  full  of  blood. 

Pleura — The  serous  membrane  whiih 
lines  tin-  interior  of  the  chest  .ind 
covers  the  lungs. 

Plexus — Any  union  of  vessels,  nerves 
or  libi.  IS  in  the  form  of  net-work. 

Polypus — A  tumor  with  narrow  base 
wiiieh  grows  from  umeoun  mem- 
branes. 

Portal  Vessels — The  duster  of  veins 
111. it  join  and  enter  the  liver. 

Post-mortem— Literallv,  after  death. 
The  examination  oi  a  dead  body. 

Predisposed — Tn-pared  for,  or  fitted 
for,  heforeb.and;  inclined  to;  as  be- 
ing predispoaed  to  disease. 


Process — .\  prominence  or  projecting 
part;  any  protubcance,  eminence 
or  proji-eting  bone. 

Procreation   -(".enuralion  and  jiriHluc- 

tuMi  i>f  offspring. 
Prognosis — The  ait  or  art  of  iudging 

by    ihe    symptoms,    the    jirobable 

course  of  a  disease. 
Prolapsus  Uteri  —  Falling     of    the 

womb. 

Prophy'actic — That  which  preser\-es 
or  defends  from  disease;  a  pre- 
ventive. 

Proteids  -  I'ood  composed  of  carljon, 
hydt  gen,  o.xygen  and  nitrogen — 
as  the  while  of  an  egg. 

Proud  Flesh— .\  fungus  growth  on  an 
uli  er,  or  an  excrescence  of  flesh 
in  a  woimd  from  excessive  granu- 

l.itinn 

Pulmonary — Relating  to  the  lungs. 

Pupil — The  circular  opening  in  the 
colored  curtain  within  the  eye. 

Purgative — .X  meoicine  that  operates 
strongly  in  evacuating  the  bowels. 

Pus — The  nuitter  discharged  from  a 
tumor  wlun  lanced,  or  from  a  .sore. 
Healthy  pus  is  yellowish-white  in 
color,  and  is  always  secreted  in  the 
process  of  healing. 

Putrefaction — The  process  of  decom- 
pr)suion;  state  of  corruption;  rot- 
teuess. 

Pylorus — Tlie  lower  orifice  of  the 
stcjniacli  on  its  right  side,  through 
which  the  food  passes  to  the  intes- 
tines. 

Quicki  ning  -The  time  when  the  mo- 
tion of  the  f(etus  witliin  the  womb 
is  thsl  perceptible. 

Quittor— .\n  ulcerous  fonuation,  re- 
sembling fistula,  inside  a  horse's 
foot. 

Rabies — Madiie-.s;  hydrophobia. 
Rales  —The  noi.se  produced  by  air  pas- 
sing   through   tlie   mucus    of    the 

'lUii>;>. 

Ram'fy  -Drauclied ;  running  in  varioui 
di'      lions. 

Raphe-  -.\  seam  or  suture. 
Rectum—The  last  intestine,  the  anal 
gut. 


IMCTlONAkY  OK  TICHXICAU  TICKMS 


779 


Reflux — In  iiiuiiiriin-.  Uiv  nturii  of  the 
blociil  from  Uk-  heail,  or  from  l"- 
v.inl  the  c\t.remilit;.-^,  li>  the  hiMit. 

Rvfri^urants  -  •  Mc-ilii'incs  or  loli'iii-. 
that  (lijiiiiiisli  I:-.-at. 

Regurgitate-  To  throw  or  po.u  h.i.k; 
l:>  f.u:illov.-  ;\i;aiil. 

Remittent— Cf.^ing  fc-  a  tim.^,  as  a 
fuvrr  or  a  {'.in. 

Reproduction— The  act  or  proi  ess  of 
j>ro.iuc'iii|;  l!ie  young:  lirecditit;. 

Resolution-  'I'he  di^apMcaranre  of  j:i- 
llamiiiatioii  \\ithoi:t  supjiuratiou. 

lit'solvent— A  im-ilicine  or  sr.li.^tam  c, 
that  will  scatter  iiithniiniaUiry  or 
other  tu  111' jr-~,  aud  prcM  nl  their  sup- 
puration. 

Respiratory  Murmur— The  muntinr 
v.hich,  when  the  ear  is  iipplieil   to   ^ 
thechest,  is  heard  in  the  luntrs,  ainl    | 
attending  the  act  of  hreaUiiii.L,'. 
.•t«"ntion — A  stopjiiiii;-  or  withhold-   ; 
iii;,',  as  teteiUioii  of  the  urine. 

Xetina — The  expansion  of  tV.e  ofHic    , 
nerve  in  the  back  part  of  the  e\e,    | 
on  which  the  image  is  formed  in 
the  act  of  seein.t;. 

Retrocession— Chan;^'e  of  an  eruption 

from  the  surface,  to  the  inner  parts. 

Roaring   -.\  <liscase  or  constriction  of 

tiie  wind-pipe,  produein;.;  a  roariii;^ 

sound  in  breathing. 

i^umination — The  act  of  ehe\\i::g  the 

cud. 
Rupture — The     common     name    for 
hernia.     The   act  of   br.,  aking    or 
bursting,  or  slate  resulting  there- 
from. 

Saccharine — Containing  or  having  th-- 
<Hialilies  of  sugar. 

Saline— Containing  .sail  in  solution; 
sally. 

Saliva- Tiie  secrelif.'n  of  tiie  fjlauds 
of  the  mouth,  which  moi>i..iis  the 
food  in  chewing,  .iiil  keeps  tlie 
mouth  and  t>n;'.;  .e  iin'ist. 

Sallenders— The  s  .me  .is  malic  luiers, 
except  that  it  occurs  in  the  llexures 
of  Ihe  hock. 

Sanitary— Relating  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  lie,iltlr,  lending  to  he.dtli. 

Saxcoma — J^  fleshy  tumor. 


Scaphoid     Sha;  ed  like  .i  bo.it,  as  the 

11  iviculiir  Ixiue. 
Scapula --The  shoulder-blade. 
Sclerotic --The   thick,    hard,     while 

outer  coat  of  the  e_\e. 
Sciatica —  .\   rheumatic  or   neuralgic 

r.locV.i.n  of  U:e  hip. 
Scrotum  -TIk  hag  which  cont.dns  the 

leslicks. 
Sebaceous   Glands— The  oil  tubes  of 

the        11. 
Secretio.i — The  separation  ot  \arious 

substances  from  the  blood. 
SetiaUvej—t-ootliing medicines;  renie- 

<lies  that  depress  nervous  jKuver,  or 

lo',\;.r  circiilaliou. 
Semen-  'Ihe  male  gener.itive  jiroduct 

secreted  ill  the  te-.,tie:>-s. 
Septic— Causing  or  promoting  pulre- 

f.utioii.     Antiseptic:    arresting  pu- 

trelaclioll. 

Septicemia  -Blood  poisoning;  usu- 
ally an  .absorption. 

Serum— The  yellowish,  watery  T>or- 
tiou  of  the  blood  remaining  after 
toagi.l.ition. 

Seton— An  attiriei;il  passag-e  under  the 
skin,  u'.adie  bv  a  .setou  needle,  aud 
keiit  open  v.ith  tape,  silk,  or  the 
like,  which  is  drawn  in,  nud  is 
moved  backaml  forth  <l.iily  to  keep 
fp  ail  irritation,  with  a  view  of  set- 
ting ujj  inilammation. 

Sialogogue  — A  nie. Heine  that  pro- 
ljiot.es  u  dow  of  s.iliva. 

Sinus- -.■\n  orifice  or  c.inal  containing 
pus  or  ni..ller. 

Slough  (pronounced  sluffj — To  fall 
a'.\.'iv,  svp  irate  from,  as  in  disease, 
or  in  11!'  rtiiied  parts. 

Soporific  -A  medicine  that  induces 
■!e-;i. 

Sp~j!ii--A  sud'leti,  in  Voluntary  contrac- 
lioi!  (.f  the  muscles;  a  convulsion. 

Spinal      Ivelaiing  to  tlie  spine,  or  back- 
bone. 
■    Splint--An  e:;ci-escence   on   the   can- 
non be.ne  c.f   ahor:^.■.     Splint  bone; 
one  of  ll.e  bones  of  a  hoi-e'-,  leg. 
Spleen  -.\  li\  id-colored  organ  atUiched 
U)  the  stomach,  the  office  of  which 
I         is  not  well  undersievod. 


if 

i 


\4 


i'i 
II 


!' 


ii 


y»n 


THK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Spontaneous— Occurriiij?  witliout  any 

aj^iMrciit  cause  from  witlimit. 
Sporadic— ScjiiiraUil,     scalti-nd;     or- 

cuninji  heri'  and  Ihtn-,  as  sjiorailiL- 
cases  of  disease. 
Sternum — Tliel>rcast  bime,  sitiiateil  in 
the  fore  part  of  the  tliorax. 

Stomachics— Medii-ines  thai  j.roinnle 
iHi;L-sticin. 

Strangulated— Ch(jkc(I;ha\  in-  theeir- 

culaliim  bloppeil  in  any  part. 
Strangury— Thest(>pi.inK<'f.i  ]ias   ^e; 

gt-nurally  applied  to  urinary  or,i;ans. 
Stricture — Stoppinj,',  or  ohslruetion  of 

;i  ]ia>.sa;4e  of  the  hody,  l)y  niorliici, 

or  spastnodie,  action. 
Styptic — An    astrini,'ent;    liaxint;   the 

pioperty  of  stoppinj^  hleedinj.;. 
Sudorific — A  medicine  that  will  cause 

sueatinj,',  or  ])erspiralii)ii. 

Suppuration— The  ])roccss  of  forniiii:,' 
pus.(ir  :natler;  the  result  of  infl.ini- 
niation  in  an  ah.-icss,  or  a  wound. 

Suture— A  stitch,  or  fastening,  for 
joining'  ediics  of  wounds.  The 
seam  or  joint  wliich  unites  the 
bones  of  tile  skull. 

Synovia-  .\  fluid  resemliliuK  the  white 
"fan  e.Li.t,',  secreted  by  the  joints, 
ami  ailiculations,  which  it  lubri- 
c.iles  and  kec])s  in  healthful  con- 
<lil!on  -  joint  oil,  so  called. 

Tsenia- Literally  a  fdlet,  or  ban.l. 
The  technical  name  of  the  ta])e- 
worni. 

Tapping— Drawing  off  collected  huid. 

Tarsus— 'i,ie  cartilage  toward  the 
edge  of  each  eyelid,  .gi\  ing  it  shape 
and  lirnuios.'  The  hock  joint  of 
tlie  horse. 

Tendon — The  (V.-use,  fibrous  slniclurt"  , 
ill  nhich^  a  nniscle  ends,  and  by  i 
which  it  is  joined  to  the  bone. 

Tent— In  meilicine,  a  jiledget,  or  ■ 
plug,  introduced  into  a  wound. 

Tenuity — Tlie  property  of  being  thin; 
small;  rarerie<l. 

Tetanus— .\  disease  in  which  the  vol- 
untary muscles  are  spasmodically, 
but  pcrsi^lently,  contracted,  caus- 
ing rigidity  of  the  parts  alTected. 
When  in  the  face  it  is  called  lock- 
jaw. 


'  Therapeutics— Tli.it  part  of  medic,  le 
that  relates  to  <liM-overy  and  appli- 
'  cation     ot     remedies    for    ili.seaseF. 

The  use  of  diet  and  medicines. 

Thorax-The  chest,  or  that  part  of 
the  body  between  llie  neck  and 
alidomeii. 

Thrush  -TrUeration  of  the  cleft  of  the 
frog,  and  e.xtending  over  the  whole 
of  it,  with  a  discharge  <.f  fetid 
matter.    A  disease  of  tiie  mouth 

Tibia— The  large  lioiieof  the  h.nd  leg 
of  a  horse  above  the  hock  joint. 

Tonics  -Remedies  which  gradually 
and  permanently  improve  the  sys- 
tem. 

Tonsil -An  obbmg  gland  situated  on 
each  side  tlu-  fauces,  terminated  by 
the  larynx  aiul  ph.irynx  at  the  rear 
of  the  month,  and  having  excretory 
ducts  opening  into  the  mouth. 

Torsion— The  act  of  twisting  and 
turning,  as  in  drawing  a  tooth  with 
the  turnkey. 

Tourniquet  An  instrument  to  arrest 
bleeding. 

Trachea  -The  windpipe. 

'I'ractile     Capable  of  being  drawn  out. 

Transfusion  — The  introducing  of 
blooil  from  one  living  being  to  an- 
other. 

Transudation- -Passage    of    lifpiii' 

through  the  tissues  of  the  body. 
Traumatic  -Relating  to  a  wound  or 

injur}-. 

Trephining— .\n  operation  to  perforate 
the  skull  with  a  trejian,  in  order  to 
remove  a  ]iiece  of  bone. 

Trichina  Spiralis— .\  mite  which  bur- 
rows in  the  muscles,  and  which 
before  becoming  encysted,  some- 
limes  cause  ihe  death  of  the  ani- 
mal. They  are  principally  gener- 
ated in  swine,  fowls,  rats,  and  other 
oniniverous  feeders. 

Tubercle-  .V  small  tumor,  as  tuber- 
cle of  the  lungs. 

Tympanum— The  dnim  of  the  car. 

Ulna— The  larger  of  the  two  bones  ot 
the  fore  arm. 


Umbilicus  —The  navel. 


DICTIONARY  OF  1  KCHXICAI.  TERMS 


781 


Unciform — Cur\f(l    or   cr<H)ke(l,    as  a 

clam  or  fitiv;<-T  nail. 
Urea — A  con^tiliifit  of  tin;  urine.      Il 

is  white,   lianspareut,  and  er\stal- 

liAible. 
Urater— One    of    the  two  canals    or 

ducts,  which  conve>'  the  urine  from 

the  kidneys  to  the  blarlder. 
Urethra— The  canal  leading  fnjm  the 

bladder  outward. 
Urinary — Pertaining  to  the  urine. 

Urine — The  saline  secretion    of    the 

kidneys. 

Uterus — The  womb. 

Vagina — The  canal  in  female  animals, 
from  the  vulva  to  the  uterus. 

'Varicose  Veins  -Veins,  j.;enerally  in 
the  legs,  which  are  permaneiith- 
dil.iled,  knotted  and  irregular. 

Vascular— I'erlaining  to  the  vessels  of 
animal  and  vegetable  bodies,  as 
vascular  functions.  The  arteries, 
veins,  lacleals,  and  the  like,  com- 
pose the  vascular  system,  .\nimal 
flesh  is  vascular. 

Venesection— Letting  blood  by  open- 
ing a  vein. 

Venous — Pertaining  to  the  veins,  or 
contained  in  veins. 

Ventral  -Pertaining  to  <he  abdomen 
<.r  belly. 

Ventricles— The  posterior  ch  .mbers  of 
the  he.irl. 

Vermicular  — Worm-like  in  shape  or 
.■ipjie.irance. 

Vermifuge— .\  medicine  or  agent  that 
destroys  or  expels  worms. 

Vertebra  — .\  divi-.ion,or  separate  bone, 
of  the  spin.d  column. 

Vesicle — A  small  blister. 

Villi  -  Minute,  thread-like  projections. 
The  inner  unicous  tncmlirane  of 
the  stomach  .and  intestines  is  called 
the  "villon?."  coal,  from  its  abound- 
ing in  villi  or  minute  proji-ctious. 

Virulent — Dangerous,  or  malignant; 
as  a  virulent  type  of  disease. 

46 


Virus   -Ccntagious,  or  poi.sonous  mat- 
ter. 

Viscera — The  organs  contained  within 
the  cavities  of  the  body,  p.irticu- 
l.irly  of  the  head,  chest, '.and  abdo- 
men. 

Viscid -Sticky,  or  ten.icious,  with  a 

glutinous  consistency. 
Vivisection— The     dissection     of,    or 

cutting  into,  living  anim.ils. 
Volatile — Giving  ofT  v.apor,  ll>ing  off 

in  va])or. 
Vulva — The  outer  opening,  in   female 

animals,  of  the  gener.itive  ji.irts. 

Warbles — Tumors  caused  by  the  cje- 
])oslting  of  the  eggs  of  the  gad-fly 
m  the  backs  of  cattle  .\l.so  small, 
hard  tumors  on  the  backs  of  horst'S 
from  the  irritation  of  the  saddde. 

Wen— .\  distinctly  defir.ed  tiunor 
mider  the  skill,  seldom  hurtful  .\y. 
encysted  tumor. 

Wmd-galls^.'V  distension  of  the  saii- 
ovi.d  n.embnines  of  a  horde's  fet- 
lock joints. 

Womb — The  uterus, or  pouch, in  which 
the  young  are  carried  iu  the  fetal 
stage  before  birth. 

Xiphoid — Sword-like — A  small  cartil- 
age at  the  bottom  of  the  breast 
bone. 

Zoology — That  part  of  natural  liistorj 
which  tre.its  of  the  structure,  .labits, 
classilicatiou,  and  habitations  of  an- 
imals. 

Zoon — .^n  animal;  havinganimal  life. 

Zootomy— Dissection  of  tin-  lower  ani- 
mal. 

Zygomatic — Pertaining  to  the  cheek 
bone,  or  to  the  bonj*  arch  under 
which  the  temporal  muscle  passes. 
I'rom  /ygoma,  the  cheek  bone. 

Zymotic — Caused  by,  or  pertaining  to 
fermentation;  as  a  zymotic  disease 
being  one  in  which  some  morbific 
principle  acts  ou  tlie  system  like  a 
fermeut. 


U 


1'^.. 'ijii 


!  W 


m 

H  ii 


I       "! 

'  -■     ■ 

•  11'      i  i  ' 

i 

o|p 

IWImW 


ADDENDA 


MILK  FEVER. —Sinci.'  \vriti!i^  tlio  Cr.-t  artick-  on  n;i!l< 
finxT,  Uic  .siuiiiiKiil  li:is  l.nii  iiindf  il'.at  fil!ii!L;  tin-  Tidikr  witli 
.■'Icrili/Lvl  air  i-^  ;i-.  Lffu'.Uial  .i  IrciitiiiLiiL  :;--  Lith'.r  tlic  oxyj.LH  or 
Schmidt  trLaliiifiUs;  if  I'lis  Irj  tnie,  and  tiiLru  are  iiianv-  rca-ons 
for  hclie\-iii.^  that  it  >,  the  Iruatnic-nt  of  tiiii  <h\.a(!c(i  discnse 
becoiiK'S  very  'iiiiiple-.  'i'lKj  air  pumped  iuio  the  ndd.er  must  first 
he  freed  from  germs,  and  liiisc  in  he  done  h_\-  ]iumpinL;  it  lliroui^h 
sterili/.ed  cotton.  A  -imple  a!id  yet  e  flectua!  ajiparatns  can  he 
made  as  follows:  (kt  i  lini:ei  to  make  a  tin  tnlie  six  inchis  long 
and  one  incli  in  diameter,  have  tlie  seam  pressed  and  use  as  httk- 
solikr  as  possihU  ;  or  hetter  yet,  if  it  can  l)e  ohtainefh  is  a  piece 
of  steel  hic\'ck  lid'ng  liie  s.ime  -'/e;  Hms  can  generally  he  had  at 
a  hic\-cle  repair  siiup;  lia\e  a  driiggist  fit  each  end  of  the  tnhe 
with  a  cork,  having  tlirongh  it  a  small  piece  of  glass  tubing,  as 
shown  inth.ecut:  liaxe  the  corks  ht  li'.diti\-;  till  the  large  tube  just 
niceh-  full  with  a  tine  grade  of  cotton  batting  or  with  absorbent 
cotton,  wliich  can  be  had  at  any  d'-nc.  .-tore,  and  llie  apparatus  is 
comjibete  There  is  a!-o  ncKled  :i  milking  tube  with  a  short 
piiece  of  nil)ber  tnlie  attached,  and  a  smadl  Ijicj-cle  ]iinn]->. 

IJefore  using  the  a])])ar'itns  it  mtist  be  -t'.-rili/'.-d;  put  a  littl" 
(otlon  ];!ng  in  the  end  of  .-ich  of  the  •.;la-s  tubes  as  shown  in  the 
rtit,  and  roll  tl'.e  tube  in  >!ir  or  Hxe  la\-ers  ot  newspripers,  tying 
the  ends  around  tlu-  gla-s  tubes,  as  shown  in  the  cut,  and  it  i:^ 
ready  to  l)e  '^terili/ed.  To  sterilize  it,  jnit  in  an  (;ven  with  a  s'ow 
heat,  about  right  for  b.aking  cake,  and  leave  it  there  for  (  ae 
hour;  the  oven  siiould  be  l;ot  enough  to  just  slightly  scorch  the 
l)ai)er,  and  turn  tlie  cotton  ]i!ngs  in  the  idass  tubes  just  a  little 
brown;  if  too  hot,  the  cotion  inside  the  tube  v/ill  be  burned  too 
nuich,  but  the  cotton  plugs  and  the  paper  v.'ill  indicate  the 
amount  of  heat  to  use.  The  lube  is  now  ready  tor  use,  and  by 
pumping  a;r  through  this  sterilized  cotton,  the  germs  wdll  be 
dltered  fr..ai  it.      The  app.iratus  can  be  sterilized  and  laid  away. 


I. 


!H 


»''  |ff 


Ai 


lU 


ADDENDA 


783 


leax'inR  the  paper  around  it,  in  some  clean  place,  and  it  will  l)e 
all  ri^lit  for  use  wlien  ticLikil;  it  would  be  best  to  re-sterili/.e  if 
not  used  foi  three  wtvks  aftor  sterili/iu>?. 

To  use  in  treating  the  cuw,  put  the  milking  tube,  with  the 
pitce  of  rubber  tubing  attached,  into  a  solution  of:  Carl)olic  Acid, 
Jj  ounce,  witer,  i  [lint,  to  sterilize  it;  ren;()\e  the  coilv,;'  plug 
from  one  of  the  glass  tubes  and  attach  the  bicycle  pump  by 
means  of  a  short  piece  of  rubber  tubiiii;;  remove  the  cotton  plug 
from  the  other  glass  lube  and  attach  the  milking  tube,  first 
shaking  all  the  Car!)olic  Acid  lotion  from  it;  wash  off  the  end  of 
,jne  of  the  teats  with  the  Carbtjlic  lotion,  and  insert  the  milking 
Uibe  into  it  and  pump  air  in  :dowly.  If  pumped  too  fast,  germs 
may  be  forced  through  the  cotton.  Be  sure  the  milking  tube 
>loes  not  touch  anything  after  it  comes  from  the  solution  l)efore 
it  enters  the  teat;  it  can  be  dii)ped  into  the  Carbolic  solution  just 
Viefore  introducing  it,  if  the  apparatus  is  held  with  the  tube  end 
ilown,  so  that  the  cotton  inside  the  large  tube  cannot  get  wet; 
this  must  be  kept  |K'rfectly  dry,  or  it  will  not  sterilize  the  air. 
After  pumping  into  a  (juarter  all  it  will  Imla,  remove  the  milking 
tube  and  take  a  small  bandage  about  one  inch  wide,  and  com- 
mencing at  the  bottom  of  the  teat,  bandage  the  teat  tightly  to 
close  the  duct  and  prevent  the  air  from  esc;i{)ing.  The  bandage 
is  safer  than  a  string  tied  around  the  teat.  Treat  each  quarter 
the  same.  Wet  the  milking  tube  in  the  Carbolic  lotion  each  time 
before  putting  it  into  a  teat,  being  careful  not  to  let  the  cotton 
get  wet.  After  filling  the  udder,  knead  gently.  After  six  or 
eight  hours  the  air  amid  be  worked  out  and  the  udder  refilled 
with  fresh  air,  if  necessary.  With  this  treatment  the  cow  should 
-eceive  thj  same  gener.al  treatment  as  given  with  the  first  article. 

The  apparatus  may  require  new  corks,  and  also  to  be  refilled 
with  fresl-  cotton,  after  it  has  been  sterilized  a  number  of  times. 


a 


III 


/ 


v.m 


INDEX 


u 


\OTi:-l\„-  „(,/.<   .  /  Catltc.  s,','  /•,../.•  -',  •  ,  siH-.'t.  tJ'h'  So.^:  Stfliie,  t^rje 

'oj;   l\<ull,y.t,ije  Ho,:  n.j.t^aif  S,>-.:   V,  iS.cU.m,:,!,!  I  U-tii,lm,-nl . 

t'liji'  Sny  Pr,u-li,,il  A'r,-//',-,f  frim   l\iriu',-ts,  fa./c  ^nfi:  Proftt- 

ahU-  ni.rJiii.,  ,./  A,;r  Sink,  f^ujc  7}^'.     J H.lioiuii-y  „f 

Tfiliiiual  (iiul  I'lhi-r  terms  iii  Cnuiwu  iisr,  f'ihjc 

70.V;    n.rarlWiiit    of    he' tint  Illnili.uiulis, 

1  ijc    6o<j    [ollowmj    tiu-    Index. 


THE  HORSE 


111 


Abortion 

Al)sces-i,  i)j)eiiing  an 

Abscesses 

in  the  rectum 

in  the  scrotum  

Aftcrhirth,  the 

After  pains 

Ai;e  iif  horse,  t(j  tell  by  the  teeth. 

horses,  to  tell 

Aiinurosis 

A iKisthetics.  j^eneral 

local  

Anatomy  of  the  horse  

man  atul  horse  com- 
pared  

Ane'irism 

Animals,  mcthoils  of  controlling., 
nursingaiul  feeilinj;  sick 

Ankles,  cocked 

A  u  t  isejitics 

Aphtha,  or  thrush 

Ap[)aratus 

Apo])lexy 

Ann,  bones  of  the  fore 

Arteries,  the 

Artery,  rupl  .re  of  an 

tumor  of  an 

Atrophy  of  the  heart 

muscles 

Azoturia 


168 
351 

178 

'5'J 
34' 
.VI'  ■ 
]<>> 

3tH 
317 


51 
^i^ 
3-19 

6S 
29, , 

^4 

101 
647 

-"9 
29 

39 
239 

237 
3"3 
141 


Back,  bones  of  the 

broken 

chronic  sores  on 

muscles  of  ihe 

sit-f.istson  the 

SI  ire 

sprainof  the 

I!alkinK 

Halls  found  in  the  bowels  

or  pills,  to  make  and  jjive ... 

nandaK'e,  plaster  of  P.iria 

starch,   see  " Fractures" 

Hand.i),'es 

r.irrcnness,  in  the  mare 

lielly,  dropsy  of  the 127, 

injuries  to  the  muscles  of  the 

tappinj,'  the 

Hig  held  

Hi^  IcK '. ".'.. 

r-la<lder,  eversion  of  the  

infl.immation  of  the 

paralysis  of  the 

spasm  of  neck  of  the 

stones  in  the 

the 

lileedin>(,  after  c.istration 

foal  in  jj,  ])rofuse  ... 

from  the  lungs 

navei 

nose 


18 

-M7 

33 

-"7-J 

-"73 

-7S 


784 


J- 
'-^5 

2S.> 
3J2 

151 

^11 
3.S1 
JS' 
-3' 

nf> 

'35 

137 

1.36 

5" 
•77 

■59 

84 
169 

84 


ti.  > 


INDEX 


7«5 


Blindfolding 349 

BlindnckS,  following  caftration....   iHi 

Slitter,  to 357 

apply  a asS 

Bloat 117 

Bloo<l,bad j.jd 

poison 2^5 

spavin 2'^ 

Bloody  (lux,  or  dysentery 12^ 

uriiio M9 

B'>^;  sjKivin 296 

Boils 213 

Bone,  breast 29 

carios,  or  ulceration  of  a 24H 

necrosis,  or  death  of  a 249 

«ide 2S5 

•pavin 259 

Bone!),  cervical,  or  neck 2H 

coccyjjeal,  or  tail 2S 

dorsal,  or  back 2.H 

hip,  or  pilvic aS 

lumbarorsniallof  the  back     28 

of  the  cannon 30 

fore  ann 29 

foot 30 

hind  lej' 31 

hock  or  tarsus  juint     31 

knee 30 

pastern 30 

shouMer 29 

sacral  or  croup 28 

Bots 1 13 

Bowels,  balls  found  in  the 125 

inflamination  of  the iiS 

or  intestines,  the 4.' 

twist  in  tile ij) 

Brain,  concussion  of  the  217 

congestion  of  the 21S 

inflammation  of  the 215 

chronic  223 
llrain,  spinal  cord,  an  1  coverings, 

inflamination  of  the 216 

Jreak  down   292 

Breaking,  see  "Training  ".. 14 

halter 15 

a  stubborn   horse  2^ 


Bridle,  how  to  proceed  with 16 

Broken  back 275 

knr.-s „  287 

ribs  276 

wind,  or  heaven 93 

Bronchial  tubes  and  air  cells,  the..     48 

Bronchitis H5 

chronic 88 

Bruises  of  the  shoulder 272 

sole  of  the  f(X)t 323 

•tone 323 

Bursal  enlargements 288 


Calculi 

intestinal 

Calculus,  obstruction  of  urethra... 

Calks 

Canker  in  the  foot 

Cannon,  bone.s  of  the 

Capillary  vessels,  the 

Capped  elbow 

hock 

Caries,  or  ulceration  of  a  bone 

Casting ,73, 

Castration,  diseases  and   troubles 
abscesses  in  the  scro- 
tum after 

bleeding  after 

blindness  following  ... 
can  of  coit,  'iftcr 

exposnig  tisticles 

fatty  curt;iin  of  bowels 
coming  down  after.. 

lock-jaw  after 

ojjerating  by  .searing... 

with  clamps.. 

ecraseur 

emasculator 

ligatures 

originals  or  ridglings.. 

pain  after 

peritonitis   following., 
precautions  before  op- 
erating  

rupture  (hernia) 

schirms  cord 


136 
ii,S 
141 
32" 

3"7 
3" 
39 

281 

29.S 
24H 
350 
17-' 

173 

177 
iSi 

176 

»73 

178 
181 

175 
174 
'75 
"75 
176 

176 
176 

180 

173 

180 


11 


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"^HK  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


Castration,  swelling  after 179 

Uipjwiii);,  or  castiiiij...  173 

tiiiiiDr  of  the  curd iSo 

Cal:.!.Kt..f  the  eve 190 

Catarrh,  or  e.  M  in  the  hi-i^l >  75 

^'''•■••■'^^ 77 

Catheter,  jv.s.-.iiig  tlie 353 

C.iuiery,  actual 3^7 

Cerel)ro-^pii;.il-ui.,-iiinKitis _  216 

Cileelis,  paralyhisof  the iix) 

Chest,  ir.:  j/.a-  fh.i, ,.-_- 


«a'.,r  in  the. 


_ 9- 

wciuiiils  peiu  tratiijL;  the qj 

Chili,  a ;. v,6 

Cho:    .■:ir  


37 


Cire-    ...ii^i,  the , _ 

Clai.-  leratiiii,'  whh 

C!eaii;iij,',  the 

Coekeil  aiikks ;r,o 

Collin  jci.it  l.iiMt  lu  -.s -.vj 

Col.l  ii<  the  lua.l '  73 

Colic,  Hall. lent 117 

spastuoilio,  circiainv 113 

«'i'al 117 

Colt,  c.ire  after  c  ;^tiati'  n 

how  tl)  !!l"UIlt 

ri.le 

sa-Mle  hreak.  .... 

teachiii'^,' to  •1ri\e..... 

to  iii;,ke  come  t•^  yoi; 

-ill 

Colts,  to  break  v  iM  and  viri. . 

Coma 

Coinnarali'.e  aiiatiitity , 


■   '7''' 

JO 

20 
'•) 
17 
16 

197 
21 

,  Coucus.'^ioii  of  ti:-j  brain 217 

Coiige.'.tioa  of  the  brain _.  21S 

liver J30 

lungs „    88  ^ 

Conjunctivitis 1S6  1 

Constipation  in  \  ouug  foals 2^9  j 

Coat.r.ietious  of  the  foot 3  6 

Co;;taf;io\is  dii-eases  and  fevers  ...  i<j3 
Corl,  the  spermatic „    51 

Co  ■'= 514 

Conj.;h,  tliroiiic 82 

Cracked  beds,  or  scratches 20.^ 


Crack.'i  in  the  teats ifij 

quarter  an<l  sand y,<^ 

Cratnp  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck.  274 

loin.s.  27 J 
thigh  295 

Cribbing  and  wind  sucking 99 

Crookedness  ot  the  legs  in  foals...  172 

Curb 30, 

Cultnig  the  back  tendons 301 

^y^iii^S J3g 

I)e.ifne.-;s „ 185 

I)i,d)etes,  insipidus 134 

Di.iphrajjm,  spisins  of  the„ 94 

l!"-- o7 

Ttiarrhea,  or  superpurgatiou 122 

in  young  foals 270 

DilTirtdtie.-i  iiat  with  in  foaling 156 

I'i.neslive  eri,>iiis,  the 40 

Dilit-uion  or  enlargement  of  the 

t.-oph.igus  or  gullet. 107 

Disease,  delennitiitig  n.iture  of 74 

It^co 225 

""''.'■t 335 

navicular 324 

ofthe  cartilage  of  the  ear  185 

fplten i3i 

I'isease.s  and  care  of  young  foals..   169 

injuries  of  the  e.ir 185 

eye 1S6 

ni.-easi  s  and  injuries  of  the  bead, 

Deck,  bhouldeis,  body  and  liijjs  266 
Dise.'.scs    and  troubles  following 

e.i.^tr.aticn  J72 

Uise^i; :es  uf  the  blood,  general 240 

bones 248 

br.ain  and  nervous 

system 2t; 

feet 303 

front  and  hind  le>,s  2.S1 
genitd    organs    of 

the  horse ^  143 

geniUil    organs    of 

themare 149 

beart,  arteries,  and 
blood  vessels.^  ..  sj^j 


INDEX 


787 


I 


;)iseasesof  the  liver  and  spleen—..  I30 
lymphatic  system..  230 
mouth,  teeth,  sali- 
vary gl.inds,  and 

gullet 97 

Diseases    of   the    respiratory    or 

hrcathiiiK  oii;ans 75 

Diseases  of  the  skin 203 

sti>!nac:h  anil  bowels  K'9 
urinary  orjjans 132 

EisinfL'-tion ^' 

Dislocation  of  the  patella 293 

partial  ..  294 

Distemjier 197 

in  foals 172 

Douches,  r.a~al 7^ 

Drench,  giving  a 355 

DrcnclRS 7° 

Drii.Win;-;  of  the  iirint- 139 

Drivintr,  harncssin,^  ami 18 

Dropsv  of  thehclly 1:^7.  168 

ncrotnni  or  ha>^ 144  j 

Dysentery '^3 

Ear,  diseases  of  the  cartilage 1S5 

frosihitesuf  the l^*"' 

injuries  or  cntti  around 1S5 

the -iC' 

tumors  of  the J^'> 

Ecrascur,  operating  •with  the 17S 

Jictropiuni 39* 

Eczema 2°6 

Emasculator,  open-ting  with  the-  175 

i:iliow,  capped 2S1 

Electric  shock 222 

Electuaries,  or  pastes 7' 

Elephantiasis 231 

Encephalitis I'i 

Endocarditis 233 

Enlargement  of  the  esophagus.....  107 

Leart 236 

ovaries 149 

thyroitl  gland  loS 

Enlargeinenta,  bursal 288 

Enteritis ~.~.. *»<* 

Enlropiuin~. ~ m.^..—..—"  19* 


Enuresis ,....• 

Kpilepsy • • 

I'.pi/'CMJtic • 

Jvryr.ipelas 

Es^  ^'a^s  or  g  diet,  the 

dilatation  of.., 
I"  version  of  ui»;  1  .adder 


'jyelids . 


vagina. 
womb.. 


E.vostosisof  the  jiw 

Eye,  cataract  of  th  ■ 

gutta  Serena,  or  glass 

inflamm.ation  of  haw  of  th.e 

injuries  to  ducts  of  tlie 

the 

worm  in  the 

Ei'clids,  eversion  of  the 

injuries  to  the 

inversion  f>f  the 


139 
222 
199 

2  l*! 
41 

i'^7 

iy'l 

192 
16., 
162 

-5- 
,  19.1 

.  1 9' J 
IS,  J 
192 

4S 
191 

19- 

192 
191 


Falr.e  quarter 3'} 

Earcy '91 

water •••••  -3° 

I'atty  dLgeiier.iti'.u  of  the  heart...  2 '7 

Ecedin;.;,  f 'od  ai:  1 

silk  aninial>i 

Eeet,  flat 

nails  ii.  t!u> 

sore 

thru.-,h  in  t'lc 

Ectlock,  striking  the 

tliickening  around  th.... 

Fetlock  joint,  sprain  of  the 

Fetlocks, puffy  culai  gemeutsabout 

Fever,  catarrhal 

mud 

puerperal 

Fi'ari  oculi 


Ei-tula  of  the  parotid  duct 

Fistulous  withers 

Fits,  falling 

Flatulence,  tapping  the  flank  for. 

Flooding 

Bottl,  abortion,  or  slinking  the.... 


57 
6S 

3"  2 
o'fi 
3ii 
31^ 
291 
292 
29) 
2S,S 

197 

2",-; 
191 

357 

222 

355 
159 
J68 


788 


_THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


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'54 
162 

152 


'K 


Foal,  liow  tell  „.hcii  in.ire  is  with   1^1 

natural  \v.i_\  to  come 

'>crl  turned  out 

Foaling  ;in.l  attendant  diseases.'., 
diflleultics  met  with  in... 
fallinjr   aw.iy   of   muscle; 

of  hips,  after 279 

injuries    to    Iiips    during  166 

profu.se  blecdinj;  after 15 

signs  of  immediate 

swelling  on  belly  before. 

Foals,  constipation  in  vouuk 

crookedness  of  the  legs  in 

dirirrhea  in  young 

diseases  , and  care  of  young  169 

distemper  in ' [^   j^^ 

leaking  of  navel  an<l  rheu- 
matism in  young.. 
weakness  in  legs  of 

Fomentuti,  us 

Fomenting ^ 

Food  and  feeding 

Foot,  bones  of  the 

brui.ses  of  sole  of 

canker  in  the 

contractions  of  the 'l^ 

fracture  of  bones  of  the ",.,.| 

g'ravel  in  the ',,,^ 

holding  lip  front 

pumiced 

Fore  arm,  bone.'-  of 

Foreign  substances  in  the  1 
Fore  legs,  nmsiles  of  the 

'■■"'"ging ^^ 

Form  of  guaranty 

Foul  sheath  \ '      '  ''[ 

Foun(ier.  acute 

chronic 

I'Vacture  of  the  bones  of  the  foot.... 
hock  .. 


Frothing,  slavering  or ,„j 

Fumigation,. see  in  "Disinfection' 
Furuncles 


66 
213 


59 
'5.? 
:f,>i 
169 
172 
170 


'7' 
'72 
6,S 

57 

3" 
32.^ 


dis- 


271 


166 

III 

50 

52 

'43 


■■■•  350 

■•■■  313 

...  19 

niouth..  h») 

•■•  34 


3"9 

3<  ' 


(■'ailed  shoulders 

Oall.s,  sa<ldlc 

I   Garget '.'.'.' Z'.'.'.'.'.^'.^ -^ 

I   (".astritis  

-    Generative  orga-is  of  the  hor^e"'!! 
m.irc 
(-.enital  organs  of  the  horse,   dis- 

ea.sesof  the 

Genital  organs  of  the  mare, 

ea.sesof  the 

Glan.I,  inllannnation  of  the  I'.irot'id  I'o: 

tliickoning  of  the  p.irot 
(d.mdcrs 

Glands,  the  m.inunarv 

s.iliv.ir\- 

Gleet,  na.sal 

Glossitis 

Goitre 

Gonorrhea,  or  glei  t 

Gorged  stomach  .'___ 

Gndn,  kicking  while  e.ifi'ig"".'^ 

w.isting 

Grain  ration,  a  niixe. , 

Grains  lor  feeding 

Gravel  in  the  foot 

Grease  heel 

Growths  on  end  of  penis 

Gruel,  how  to  make 

Guarantv,  form  of 

G-utta  .Serena,  or  i;!ass  eve...  .'.'.^. 
<jut-tie 


324 
299 

neck  ..  2')S 

tail. 


ilium... 

skull... 

Fractures 

Frost  bites  of  the  ear. 


27S 
266 
2S2 


Ha  itiaturi.a 

Hair,  t!ie 

n.dter  bre, iking 

Halter,  pulling  back  and  breaking 

Harnessing  and  driving '„' 

H.iv  for  feeding .".... 

H.iy  te.i,  how  to  make 

He.id,  mu.sclesof  the 

swelling  around j^ 

the 

V 

2.17 


149 

J2 

•  '94 

•  53 

..    41 

••  77 
..  lor 
..  luS 

•  '45 

•  '"9 

•  327 

•  327 

■  59 

•  5H 

■  3'^ 
204 

'47 

^'3 

ii4 

19., 

124 


'39 

;2S 

jS 
57 
63 
32 


'^  I   Heart,  atrophy  of  the  . 


I  Ni)];x 


789 


Heart, ctilargctiiunt  iif  tliL- 236 

fatty  ilt-'K*- nitration  of  til'     ..  237 
inflaTnniation  of  sac  of  tlu-...  234 

lialpitation  of  the 23S 

the 3S 

Heat,  exhaustion 220 

Heaves 93 

Heel,  grease 2i>4 

Heels,  low 312 

Hemorrhoids 127 

Hernia,  injjuinal iSj, 

navel  or  iniibilical 1S4 

scrotal 177,  1S2 

ventral 1K3 

H  iccouglis (ji 

Hide  li.jund 211 

Hinrl  quarters,  muscles  of  the 35 

Hip,  or  jielvic  bones 2S 

sprain  of  mus<:Ies  of  the 2Sr 

Hijj-joint,  laiiienesr, 2S0 

Hijiped 27S 

Hips,  falHnt;  away  of  muscles  of...  279 
injuries  to,  during  foaling...  166 

History  of  the  horse 9 

Hock,  capped 29S 

fracture  of  the  honisof  the  299 
or  tarsus  joint,  hones  of  the     3  J 

joint,  sprains  of  the 29S 

Hoof,  the 46 

Horse,  history  of  the 9 

muscles  of  the 31 

I'ox J93 

proportions  of  the 55 

^ke!cton  of  the 27 

to  examine  for  soimdness..  337 
t(j  make  come  at  command  24 
to    make     stand    without 

hi  idling 25 

Ilydrarthn  sis 297 

Hydrocele 144 

Hydrophobia 227 

Hydrothorax 92 

Hynieii,  the 53 

Hypertrophy 236 

Hypodermic  syrin.ge 355 

Hysteria 151 


Icterus 131 

Ilium,  fracture  of  the 27H 

Impaction  of  the  large  intestine...  121 

stomach u<) 

Indigestion,  acute 1  ro 

chronic 1 14 

Inflammaliou  of  a  vein 230 

woun<l 264 

the  bladder  135 

bowels 118 

brain 215 

brain,  chronic.  223 
liiflainination  of  the  brain,  spinal 

cord  and  their  coverings 216 

Intlanimatiouof  the  endocardium.  233 

haw  of  the  eye  1H9 

iris 1S8 

kidneys, acute  132 

chronic  133 

liver 130 

lung.s 90 

ovaries 149 

parotid  gland  102 

pharynx 104 

heart  s;ic 234 

rtom.'uh Ill 

testicle  i 143 

tongue  loi 

udder i56 

vagina 164 

\'ulva 164 

womb 164 

Injeclioti  pipe,  simple 73 

Injections  i)er  rectum 72 

underskin  (hypodernn'c )  72 

Injuries,  or  cuts,  .around  the  ear...  185 

to  the  ducts  of  the  eye 192 

eyelids 192 

liips  during  foaling  166 

muscles  of  the  belly  277 

neck  267 

lustnitnents 645 

Interfering 291 

Intestinal  calculi 125 

Intestine,  impaction  of  the  large..  121 

Intestines,  the  bowels,  or 43 


.^:| 


■;yo 


Tin 


K.'.CTRWI, 


li" 


5|i|ijM 


Inti;,--;.  srcplii'ii 124 

!!iv,!.-,iiialiun 1  j.; 

1 11 .  i:-iim  I'f  ihi-i.-_\  I  IMs ..  mi 

Iiiw,'.;  nlary  imiscKs,  the ;/i 

Irro.uul.iril.is  of  llie  Ui'th 9S 

Ir;it,iti.iii,  .sheiMiiig  milk  tix-th i,  i 

Iritis iS^ 

1m  hi  in. I i,;i» 

Ilchv  tail 21-' 

L-kin :;i-' 

.hiuii'iirc ]_u 

J  i\v.  I  \o-l<isi:i  (if  Ihu 252 

Joint,  f.;)(j!i 290 

•;]iiain  ft  the  sti:io 29;; 

Ki'hv- ,, ,  .irutL'  iiUliunir.atioii  of  the   ;  -? 
chronic  itifiainina'.ioii  of   1  . , 

the .;., 

Mnte,  himc-Scf  the 5" 

slnkint^  the 2^5 

spriHiL' rSK 

'.Inecs,  tin 'ken 2^7 

imtTy  cnlarL'eintiit  .iliout...  2^.^ 
ivnr.ckling 290 

I.aniene-s    cdihi  j"int 32.} 

hip  ji'iiit jSu 

shuti'.iJer  ju  tit..., J72 

h.:r.'.]>:\> 97 

I.arviigitis Ko 

l.iir'.nx,  the -. 4^ 

1,1  a.l,  lean. in..;  l.i 16 

i.e./,  vetd  in  the 2.v> 

l>•lne^■  ef  thi-  hin'l ;,i 

i.i  :.  ■~]iriiiii  of  nuiwles  on  fiont  of 

l.in.l 21,5 

Lee;,  rji.iiii  of  iTin--h--^  on  in.^icie 

I  1  hinil 296 

I,(..2'-.  nuiL-cies  of  the  fore 34 

i.eui'  rrhe.i I5'i 

Liee  21.5 

Li^janient,  rniit'are  of  s;i>i'ensoiy..  2y2    ; 

i,i.!.'.it\ires.  openiliiif;  by  176 

Lips,  par.ilysis  of  the Ii^j 

Liver,  congestion  of  the 130 


ST()L'K    i)UCT(il\ 

Liver,  ilis.,i,lers,  other 1,^1 

inll.oninalion  of  th, 130 

H'l-- 43 

Liinhs,  .swell!!:,!,' of  th.e 232 

Lock  j.iw,  or  ti't.inus 22S 

after  castration iSi 

Loco  (li^-ea^e 225 

Loins,  cr.\nip-^of  thejuu>clesof  the  274 

Lo:i;.;,  ro'..:al  worms 12!- 

Lotion,  white 2^13 

r,unibrici laS 

Lunj^s,  hieeilint;  from  the si 

congestion  li  the SS 

inllainmation  of  the ij.) 

the 4S 

l.yinphantri'is  2^1 

Lymphatic  syslen;,  the 40 

Malpres  ntation 156 

^Liinmary  glaii'N,  the 53 

Manunitis 166 

Mange 209 

Male,  barrenness  in  the 151 

how  to  teM  when  with  foal..   152 
how  to  u.^e  when  with  foal..  153 

IMashes,  how  to  make 63 

IVLtsturhatioit  14H 

Meihcine^,  forms  of,  and  ways  of 

.eivin;.; , 69 

Meilicines,  liow  often  to  give, 73 

li.-.tof , r,53 

Mel.ino^is 2^.S 

Membranes,  mucijus 44 

ser.nis 44 

Mvoingitis 21.5 

Metho'is  of  controlling  animals...  3)9 

blinilfohiin;,;- 3.19 

castin.u 350 

holding  lip  front  foot..  350 

sideline,  th.e 3,50 

stocks 35c 

twist,  a 349 

.Metritis 164 

Millet  disease 335 

Miscellaneoii.s  iiifuniiation 336 

Moon-blinancss idb 


IN  DKX 


791 


Mouth,  toiftgn  substances  in  tlio..   :  *■ 

sore  97 

liinKue  hanging  fri'in  ..  .  .   U'J 

Mucous  HiLUibranes It 

Mud  fever 205 

Musiles,  atrophy  of  the 3'i.; 

iuvohintary 3^' 

of  the  hack 33 

foreU'-s 34 

head 3-' 

html  (juarters 35 

hur^-e 3' 

Ic.uer  thij,di  iK''s- 

kin)  3''' 

neck 3- 

shouhlcrs 33 

rupture  of  the 3'-'2 

Nails  in  the  feet 3'^ 

Nasiil  chambers,  the 47 

gleet 77 

polypus 79 

Natural  v.ay  for  foal  to  come 1 3 1 

Na\el,  bleeiliug  from  the ii'»i   '■ 

leaking  of,  in  yount;  foals..   171    I 

Navel -strinj;-,  tlie iS-i   I 

Navicular  ^lisea^e 3^4    ! 

Neck,  cramps  of  musi-les  of  the...  27.} 
fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  26.S 
injuries  to  mu.scles  of  the...  ;'>7 

muscles  of  ihe 32 

Necrosis,  or  death,  of  a  bone  i-\') 

Nephritis 132 

Nettle-rash 2(~ 

Nervous  sy.stem,  the 37 

Nose,  bleeding  from  ilie ^A 

Nostril,  small  tumor  of  the 7v 

wounds  about  the 7'*^ 

Nostrils,  the 17 

Nursing  and  fee<ling  sick  animals     'i.S 

Occult  spavin,  see  "Hone  Spavin''  259 

Operations 347 

some  important  points  in  347 

the  knife  in 349 

npe::  i;:int .........,.,..,,,---  399 


Oiihlh.ilmia,  simple 

specitic  (r  ijeriodic... 

( )rel litis 

t)rgansof  respiration  or  breathing 

the  digestive 

the  urinary 

Originals,  castrating 

Osteopliytes  

(1st?i)  porosis 

Ovaries,  enlart^eiuent  of  the. 

inflammation  of  the 

t.ie 

Over-reaching 


Pains,  after 

P.ilpiiation  of  the  heart. 
Palsy 


Pancreas,  the 

Pastern  bc^nes 

Paraljsis ■  ■  ■ 

of  the  bladder 

pharynx  or  gullet .. 

lips  and  cheeks 

I'araphimosis 

Parotid  liuct.  fistula  of  the 

gland,  inllauimation  of  the 
thickening  of  the... 

Partuiilion 

cautions  in  assisting  in 

Patella,  dislocation  of  the 

partial  dislocation  of  the.. 

Penis,  growths  on  end  of 

the 

Pericanlitis 

Peritonitis 

folhjwing  castration 

I'haryiigitis 

Pharynx,  inflammation  of  the 

paralysis  of  the 

the 

Phimosis 

Phlebitis 

Phren  i  tis 

Piles 

Pin  worms 

Pink-eve 


|S6 
:,ss 
143 

47 

40 

49 
176 
2.54 
23 
1.19 

149 

52 
322 

'59 

2.'v^ 

43 

3" 

220 

13« 
>"5 
uxj 

146 

i»3 
102 

i"3 
■52 
>.55 
293 
294 

147 
51 
23) 
1:0 
lS<.i 
I  "4 
104 
i"5 
4r 
1)6 


'.I.-. 
■  i" 


i  .  f 


'«■» 


239 
215 
127 
129 
199 


7y2 


THl'    PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


>...ili 


I'laic'ita.tlnj 1 5S 

riastvr  of  I'aris  bandage 2S5 

I'l'.iirisy yi 

Pnt'unioni.i tj,, 

roiscin.  bliioil 265 

PoisoniuK  by  contact,  \  {ittalik-...  3,5 
(lruL;s  aiicl  iniiifruls..  jjii 

acunilc 329 

arsenic 336 

''lo^'s 3.V' 

ammonia 3;.' 

Iiellailouna  33.1 

caloniL-1 331 

canlharidcs 331 


3:w 


rhloroform 

cliloral   li_\(iraie 331 

cro'.on  oil 331 

copper  sulphate 331 

corrosive  sublimate..  332 

erj;ot  of  rye 332 

l'.'''e"i)ore,  wiiite 333 

iron,  sulphate 332 

'•-'■"1 3.V; 

mix  vomica t,:,j 

opium 3^^, 

saltpeter   (nitrate  of 

POt-'sh) 333 

strychnine  35? 

liir])entine 333 

stin;;s  or  Mi.ike  bite..  333 

Poisonintr,  while  gr.i/in.L,' 334 

cherry,  Iilack 354 

hemlock,  poi.sou 334 

hem'ock,  >vater 33  j 

horsetail 3^5 

larkspurs,   the 334 

laurels,  the 335 

OCO    WCeii :;i4 

'"ill^'l 335 

Poi.sons  and  their  antidotes 324 

I'oll-evil 266 

Polypus,  nasal yg 

I'ouders 6q 

Preparation  of  foods 6ti 

Pre.scriptions 670 

Proportions  of  the  hor.'^.e 55 


Protrusion  of  the  rectum,  or  back 

bowel ,26 

l^'rurigo 2,2 

Ptyalism ^,2 

Puerperal  fever 167 

PnlTy  enlargements  around  knees 

and  fetlocks r:S8 

Pulse,  the -1 

/  4 

Pumiced  foot -117 

Punctures ,15 

Purpura  Hemorrhagica 241 

Lhiarter  cracks -,,y 

•Jiiailcr,  false ^4 

•Jniltor ,,,, 

Rabies j^j 

K.'.tion,  a  nii.xed  grain .^(j 

Rattle-siLiki-  bites ^ -ft 

Rearing  before  c.irriage.to  break  of  25 

Rearing  uncler  sadilK-,  to  break  of..  25 

Rectum,  giving  medicine  by  the...  72 

prtrlusion.-,  of  the 126 

l'«=  43 

tumors  or  abscesses  in  the  126 
Res])iration  or  breathing,  organs  of  47 
Retention  of  the  after-birth,  see...    13S 

R heumalisni ;,.  7 

in  young  foals 171 

Ribs 20 

broken 276 

Rickets 2';o 

Ridglings,  castrating 176 

Ring-bone 2';6 

Ring- worm 210 

Roaring  and  whistling ,<^3 

Roots  as  foo<l fn) 

Rupture  after  cist  ration 177 

of  an  artery 2-5 

of  the  .nuscles 3^12 

stomach m 

suspensory  liga- 
ment    27J 

vagina    163 

womb j67 

Ruptures   (hernias)  and   i:.ethods 
of  treatment iS? 


INDEX 


793 


Saddle  galls 273 

Salivary  glands,  the 41 

Sand  cracks 519 

Scilma 201 

Siliirnis  cord i<So 

Scratches 203 

Scrotum,  dropsy  of  the 144 

Seedy  toe 305 

Semen,  the '',1 

Serous  nicnibraiie,  the 44 

Sheath,  foul 147 

swelling  of  the 147 

warts  around  the 14S 

Shedding   milk    teeth,    irritation 

from 98 

Shins,  sore 253 

Shock,  electric 222 

Shoe  boil 2H1 

Shoenig 312 

Shoulder,  bones  of  the 29 

bruises  of  the 272 

slip 270 

joint  latneness 272 

Shoulders,  chronic  sores  on 273 

nniscles  of  the  32 

sit  fasts  on 274 

Sick  animals,  nursing  and  feeding    68 

Side  bone 255 

Side-line  ♦''e 350 

Signs  of  immediate  foaling 153 

Sit-f.•!st^:  on  back  and  shoulders....  274 

Skeleton  of  the  horse 27 

Skin,  itchy 212 

the  44 

Skull,  fracture  of  the 266 

Slavering  or  frothing 102 

Slinking  the  foal i68 

Snake  bite 335 

Some  points  indeterniining  disease     74 

S  re  back 273 

feet 311 

niouth 97 

shins 253 

tail  from  crupper 279 

teats 167 

throat 80 


Soundness,  fonns  of  guaranty,  or 

warrant  of 339 

how  to  examine  for...  337 
Spasm  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder  137 

diapliragm 94 

Spasmodic,  or  cramp  colic 115 

Spavin,  blood  a9<) 

bog 296 

bone 259 

occidt  see  Hone  Spavin 259 

Spaying 357 

Speedy  cut 2.S5 

Spermatic  cord,  the 51 

Spinal  cord  and  covf  rings,  inflam- 
mation of  brain 216 

Spleen,  diseaseof  the 131 

the 43 

Splint 252 

Sprain  of  the  back 275 

tendons 2S9 

fetlock  joint 290 

hock  joint 298 

muscles  in  the  hip 281 

Sprain  of  muscles  on  front  of  hind 

leg 295 

Sprain  of  muscles  on  inside  of  hind 

leg 296 

Sprain  of  the  stifle  joint 293 

Staggers,  sleepy 223 

stomach 109 

Staked 278 

Staling,  profuse 134 

Starch  bandage,  see  Fractures 282 

Star  ga/.er 190 

Sternum ,  or  breast  bone 29 

Stifle  joint,  partial  dislocation  of  294 

sprain  of  the 293 

Stifled 293 

Stings 335 

Stitches,  putting  in 351 

Stocking 233 

Stock,  the 350 

Stomach,  gorged 109 

inflammation  of  the iii 

impaction  of  the 109 

rupture  of  the in 


'i 


ii 


THI".  I'KACTICAI,  STOCK    DOCTOR 


llic 


11 


II 


'i[  I '  - 


lyiiipanilc'.^  "t  the 

Stomatitis 

Stone  brui'-i.-s 

Stones 'in  the  hi.!  Mer 

Strangles,  or  (lis'iinper 

Straw  as  fixiil 

Stricture  of  the  urethra 

Stiikinglhe  felloek 

knee 

Sliin^-halt 

S\iiistroke  

Siiperpuriration  

Surfeit  

Sutures  (see  stileliesi  

Sweeny  

SwtUin;.;   ifUr  ca-rilic^n 

alon^  belly  before  foaling' 

ari)inul  Iiead  anil  Ihrirat... 

of  tlie  Hinbs  

of  tile  sheatli  

Syrin.L'e,  the  hypodermic 

S\>tein,  Ivinphatic  or  absorbent... 

nervous 

Tail,  bones  of  the- 

fracture  of  bones  of  the- 

itehy 

sore,  from  criippt  r 

T:i]K  -worms 

Taj)jiing  the  bellj' 

the  flank  for  flatulence.... 

the  chest 

Teats,  Mjre 

wart.i  on  the 

Teeth ,  I l-^ca\  c  1 

irref^ularities  of  tlie 

irritation     from     slieddin^' 

the 

to  ti  11  ihor.se's  a.i;e  b_\  ...i4", 

wolf 

Temperature,  1  h-  ■ 

Tendons,  cuttinj,;  the  liack 

sprain  of  the  bark 

Testicles,  ^  ..:p.i>iiT.:.  t.>  catlrate  .    , 


■II 
I  l.j 

97 

1  ,;'> 

"'7 

1  I" 


2.V( 
22.. 


'7'" 

J..S 


212 

-'79 

129 

:^5t 

i6; 
167 

99 

9S 

yS 

•10 

341 

71 

2S9 
■  7 1 


Testicles,  infi  iium.itii'ii  of  the 

th. 

Tctar.us 

Thickeiiinj^  aroimd  fetlock  

of  the  ]r;irotiil  j;Ia!i.l  ... 
Thi.^h,  cramp  of  the  muscles  of  the 

muscles  of  the  lower 

Tliorou;.;hpiil  

Throat,  sore 

swellitiji  aroun.l 

Throwinj^,  or  ca->tin;.,'  a  h..r.se..i7 ',, 

Tliru  h... 

in  tlie  teet   

Tliuini.s,  or  hiccou>;1is 

Thyroi.l  j;l,ind,  cnlargeii;e:it  of  the 

Toe,  siciy 

Ton,i-;ue,  hanj.;in'.,'  from  the  mouth 

inil.mim  iti'ai  vi  tlie 

Toothache 

Tr.'ichca,  the  windpi]K-  m 

Tracheotomy  

I'r.iinint^,  best  methoils  .if 

first  lessons  

halter  1  .reak  iug 

harues.iing  and  drivinj;.. 
bow  to  break  wild  an.l 

vicioii.s  colts 

liow  to   make   a    horse 

come  at  command 

how  to  make  animal  get 

up  tint  throws  hiti-self 

h.  .w  t'l  mount  the  colt... 

how    to    proceed     with 

bri.lle 

how  to  ride  the  clt 

how  to  sa'ldle-break  the 

c<A<. 

how   to  use  a  stubborn 

horse  ill  breaking 

b  .iruiui;  to  lead 

lessons  in  sotnid  si.'.rnals. 
teachiiii.;    colt    to   drive 

bif.re  harnessed 

to  br.-:.k  a  horse  of  rear- 
ing; tni.Ier  saddle  or 
bcf.jre  .1  carriage 


143 

So 

22H 

29i 

10,5 
29.S 

36 
297 

St. 
u«S 

350 
lot 

3'5 
9i 

IU.S 

305 

Io2 

lol 

99 

4,S 

3,s6 
1} 
If 
IS 
iS 


24 
26 

20 

i5 
20 

19 

23 
10 

'7 
17 


I  N  I)  K  X 


79^ 


fraining.to  make  a  colt  conic tf> 

to  111. ike  a  liorse  staiiil 

still  without  hitching'.     2-, 
tu  stiind   %vliile   gi;llinn 

into  a  cani.i'.^e 2S 

Tub,  the :'>l 

Tul)i.s,  bronchi. 1I,  ami  air  cell.-; 4^ 

Tumor  of  an  artery  2i^ 

.  f  the  nostril,  small, 79 

Tumor-.  ,1111!  their  removal 355 

black  piK'Ufnt ai'-*^ 

in  the  rertum n^ 

of  thecoril iJ^> 

of  theear i!^*"' 

Twist,  a 349 

in  the  ViDwels i-^l 

ry!npanite=; ''7 

of  the  stomach ii'> 

IMiU-r,  inflaniniation  of  the 166 

the 5j 

Cloeration  of  a  bone 24^ 


Vices,  kickinj;  while  f.ilini,'  yj.Mi 
imllini.;  an^l  breaking  halter 
wasting;  jjrain  

\  icious  culN,  hcA-  to  break 

Volvulus 

Vulv.i,  inn-nnin.itinn  of  the 161 


'S4 
49 
141 

I  JO 

50 
49 


I.?  I 


I'inbilic.al  cord,  the 

I'reters,  the 

Trethra,  obstruction  of 

otrictnre  of  the 

the 

frinary  organs,  the 

Urine,  blipo.ly 

(Iribbiing  of  the 139 

the 49 

I'terus  or  womb,  the 5^ 

I'rticaria -"7 

Va;-;ina,  cversion  of  the l6*-> 

inflammation  of  t;  -■ i^il 

rupture  of  the J*"'.^ 

the 5J 

Variola,  equine '93 

Vein,  inCamniationof  a 239 

Veins 39 

Vertigo "'^ 

Vessels,  the  capillary 39 

Vices,  how  to  brc-.ii-  of 327 

balking 32S 

cribbing  ant';  wind-sucking  32^^ 
•nawing  mantier,  etc 327 


the 


$?: 


V.'arrant '>f  soundnes.s   ,^3'"< 

Warts 20.S 

around  tl-.e  sheath M*^ 

on  the  teats..  i^'" 

Water  in  tie  chest 92 

and  watering 5*^ 

f^rcy 

Weakness  in  legs  of  young  f->.; 

Weed  in  the  leg 

WV.ite- lotion 2^13 

1  .S" 

e  . 
'  '.■) 

21 

"7 
•jyl 

99 

4"^ 

-6S 


'72 

2.^  J 


Whites 

Whistling,  roaring  and 

WiM  and  vicious  colts,  to  1 
Win.l  colic 

K.'ll^ 

sucking 

Windpipe  or  t:'  ichca,  the  .. 

Withers,  fistulous 

Wolf  teeth 
Woml 


-ik. 


eversion  of  the 162 

infiati'.uiation  of  the in^ 

rupture  of  the '''3 

the  52 

Worm  in  the  eye '9' 

Worms,  long,  round '2S 

pin '29 

tape I2g 

Wound,  inilammation  of  a 26.1 

Wtniuds  .about  the  nostril 7"^ 

and  their  treatment =62 

contused 262 

general  treatment  of  {ill..  262 

incised 202 

Lacerated -^-2 

modes  of  be.aling 2'i  t 

penetrating  walls  of  cbcst    95 
puncture-<l 2b2 

Yellows 131 


79'' 


THI'    PRACTICAL  S'l'oCK    IKK'TOR 


CATTLE 


iHfiir 


Ali.li.iiun,  wiiiinils  of  the 

Alioiiiasuin,  mflaiiiiiiatiipn  of  the.. 
AliortioiiaiKl  preni.itiiro  birth 

con!,ij^'if)iis 

Aliscess  of  the  ear 

Al.:.Cf>>CS ." 

Attiiioniyco^is 

Action  of  rtiiicUes  in  cattle 

Attir-I  irlh,  rcniovin;^'- 

Afttr-paiiis,  i>r(il()n),'eil 

Air  tiiKJir  the  skin  froni  a  wound 

Albumen  in  the  urine  

Albuuifuuria 

A  in;  ill  n» -is 

AiKi  i;ii,i 

Anatomy  of  cattle 

Anthrax 

Anti'lotes,  poisons  and 

Apcililtsy  

parturient 

Apparatus 

A] 'petite,  dc])ravcd 

Ascites 

Back,  fracture  of  the  boucs  of  the.. 
Balls,  or  Concretions,  in  .stoniacli.. 

Bandaj^es 

Barrenness  in  coWs  and  bulls 

Belly,  dropsy  of  the 

tapping  the 

Big-jaw 

Binder  twine  balls,  hair  or 

birth,  premature 

Bites  and  slings  of  insects 

snake 

Black-leg— black  (juarter 

Blad<Ier,  pravel  and  stone  in 

inflammation  of  the 

of  ox  or  bull,  ta]>piiig 

Bleeding 

from  the  navel 

Bloating 

Blood  poisoning 


•  .v>s 

•  44» 

■  5"5 

.  4^s 

•  5.VI 

•  5=1 

•  Sf'i 

.    421 

4J() 

.  47''' 
410 

,  410 
4'^l 
529 
35'< 
513 
5-/- 
4 'J  I 
.!3i 

(y\: 

392 

o'-~ 
5-11 

4-t4 

393 
53-^ 
52( 
3'-7 
412 
4S7 

4Sr 
516 

4 '3 
413 
539 
53'^ 
44H 
380 
.531 


|:;: 


Bloody  flux 

milk 

urine 

Blue  milk 

Bones,  fractured  

Bowels,  inllamniatinn  of  the 

or  intestines,  the 

Brain,  concussion  of  the 

congestion  of  the 

inllamni.ifiou  of  the 

Breathing  organs,  the 

Bronchitis 

filaria 

Buffalo  gnat,  the 

Bull,  genital  organs  of  the 

how  to  ring 

to  <lisinfect 

Bulls,  bfrrenness  in 

castration  of 

rigs  or  ridgling 

Burns  and  .scalds 

Ciesarian  operation 

Calculi 

Calf,  to  tell  when  cow  is  with 

CahcE,  castration  of 

constipation  in 

gangrene  in  mouth  of 

indigestion  in 

inflainm.-ition  of  joints  in.. 

suspended  breathing  in 

white  scours  in 

lalving  and  diseases  attendant 

closure  of  neck  of  womb 
dropsy  of  womb  before... 

paralysis  before 

paralysis,  or  palsx',  after.. 

signs  of 

troubles  met  within 

Cancer  in  the  eye 

Caps  on  the  teeth 

Caries,  or  decayed,  teeth 

Castration  of  hulls  and  caJves 


•  390 
4VS 

,  4. -J 
439 
471 
393 
3'5' 
493 
49  J 
-10 
3^' 
3'"J 
3''9 
4'^3 
3^'2 
53'^' 
506 

414 

457 
453 
4S8 

54 1 

413 
4'4 
457 
451 

377 
451 

45" 
44; 
45- 
41J 
419 

417 
41S 
419 
415 
4'5 
466 

375 
375 
457 


:k 


I  N  Die  X 


797 


'.I'.trrirt  of  the  eye 

L'.itarrli,  v;.i^tric 

llLiliUnalil 

or  rold  in  tla-luMil  

C.it.irrli.il  loiijiiiu'tivilis 

Cattle,  ali.'itoiiiy  of 

the  acliiiti  of  riiiieiliis  in  .. 

ChapiK-d  teats 

Charholl 

Checks,  the 

Chest,  tajipitiK  the 

Choking; 

Cleaniiijj,  removing 

Closure  of  neck  of  wonih  at  lalvin^; 

CoM  in  the  head,  catarrh  or 

Clie 

Concussion  of  the  brain 

ConKeslion  of  the  brain 

of  the  liver 

Conta^;ious  atiortion 

diseases  of  cattle 

ec/eiua 

pleuro- jmeumonia 

Conjunctivitis,  catarrhal 

Con:,til)ation 

in  calves 

Contusions  on  the  lips 

•  "oriiea,  inflaniiiiation  of  the 

ulcer  of  the 

Corneitis 

Cornstalk  diseases 

Cow,  ^'enital  orj,'ans  of  the 

how  to  tell  when  with  calf... 


pj?i 


Cows,  barrenness  in 

Cud,  losing  the 

Cuts  and  injuries  to  the  teals 
Cystitis .* 

I  )eeayed  teeth 

Dehorniug 

Dial ittes  insipidus 

Diarrhea  or  scours 

Digestion,  the  organs  of 

Disease,  cornstalk 

foot  and  mouth 

of  cartilage  of  the  ear 


■3^9. 


4^4 

4.S-' 

■,('^ 

4»o 

359 
53^ 

421 

419 

3''5 
392 
495 
494 
4<j5 
5('5 
5".S 
511 

y; 
4&1 

396 
4.S1 
373 
461 

46^ 

461 
499 
362 

414 

•  444 

■  379 
.  411 

•  413 

•  375 

■  537 
.  40S 

45-^ 
359 
499 
5' I 
470 


Di-ease  of  the  spleen J"7 

other  indication  of ,<''l 

diseases  of  the  bloii.1,  j^elieral  S^H 

diKCslive  organs  ..  ,^7,^ 

ear I'^'S 

eye 159 

feet  4'/' 

jjenerative    or;,'ans 

of  the  bull 4.54 

heart   ami    blood 

vessels to3 

liver  and  spleen...  4"5 

ner\-ous  system 194 

respiratory  or^;ans  ./)5 

skin 17S 

urinary  organs ii>S 

younj;  calves 447 

Dislocation  of  the  eyeb.dl 466 

Drenching St'' 

iiropsy  of  the  belly ,W5 

womb  beforecalving  417 

Dysentery 39" 

Dysuria M> 

Ivir,  abscess  of  the \'>'^ 

disea.ses  of  cartilaj^e  of  the 170 

foreign  bodies  in  the 4f)9 

indaiiiination  of  the  internal..  .}^>H 

Ivars,  torn  or  lacerated t70 

I'X'/.ema,  acute  and  chronic 47*^ 

contagious 511 

Electric  .shock 5f>3 

luicephalitis 49^ 

ICiilargeiuent  of  the  haw 467 

Enteritis 393 

Enuresis 4'2 

E])ik'psy 499 

ICrvsi jH'las 479 

Eversion  of  the  eyelids 465 

vagina 423 

womb 424 

I'.ve,  cancer  in  the 466 

cataract  of  the 4^'4 

foreign  substaiu-es  in  the 4''5 

inflammation  of  the 459 

Eveball,  di>location  <if  the  466 

Eyelids,  eversion  of  the 465 


:fc 


7') 


'riii.  I' i^AC rioA!,  s'r')(,'K  iM>c'i"(ik 


^^1 


ifii 


rvtii'!'..  iiljiirii-mn  th.  !')5       i  ■.P-I.itioii.  thi- ju  riiHl  of 415 

lnvl■r^i')lI  <it  Uu- I'.s       <'.I.iii.ls,  tliL- <,;ilivar\  .    ■^t,c^ 

KlI,  siiieiiL-s-,  i,f  Uii: ;i)i    '   •'l"^»iti-^ _^7(, 

lV-\fi,  milk 4ji,  7^..  ,   '*'"■»'.  tin- IkiiTiIi. ,s-, 

inu-rjM'ral ijS   i   G(in..ri)uM  ,y, 

simtliiin  « .itlK- 5.1.S   I  *''f'»\<l  ami  st,,ni- ill  till- lila.M.r...  4t^ 

SiMiii-Ii  or -].l.iiii- 5..S   '   <»r<nMli-,on  tlif-liii  ^ss 

T.A.iN ■i.hS   '   f"'"!'' Ill  tilt;  skin .jSf, 

1  ii.iri.i  I.roiiclittis 5f.fj       '''I'lot,  tlu' pharynx  or •^«;t) 

l.vtulaoi  thcf...^ 4.,.        ii,„„,,„„j,. |,^^^   ..^ 

''■■'- "  '"'  ll.iir,   liiii.Ur  IwuiL'  l.all;,,  i.r  con- 

4'W  rn-lions .,S7 

42"       Haw,  iiillaniiiiatioii  of  llu- ■•   1''7 

•t"7        Uatnioirh.i-ic  st'iitica  luia 51S 

4\S  llenh..ih.ii;r,  il,,,„lui},',  or  utiiliu-  4.-,, 

5"        IllJ.a'ilis ^^ 

f""'  ""''^- 4V2    ,  Htill,  ,liM-aM-,.|tbi.,.  .  .                    4„, 

"■'"'■"■f  ""■ I''.'    I    llunia,  or  ruptuu-  y,,, 

iiiriuiiial 4,,^ 


lit- 

riooililt;,' 

I'liikc  ili->.aSL- 

I-!v,Iion, 

I'oot  ai.il  luoinh  di-faM- 


rol. 


4'<} 

4^'3 

4V2 

4'/' 


.M_i"lal 


l-'oo  ii^n  Loilii-,  ill  tlif  i-ar    .. 
■iiili-l.iiu  ^■ .  in  llu- 1-\  1 

I''olli  111  IIHJ  fool 

I'oiniili  r - 

l''i  "tiiri;  of    llu-   I'iHi;,  aluni.    ir'.il 

I'clou  ^tilii-  j'  ;in',    , 47^ 

I'rai  tun- of  till   lioiu -.  liclovs  kiuu 

.iml  hoik )7  I 

rracluri;  of  tliu  buucs  of  the  h.u  k .  4;  i 

hi).,,.  47', 

ncL-k    472       n„VLn  . 
'  ■"'■'  j''"' 472    '    lIy,h-oi,li,,l,ia 


4' '.'. 


uniliilical,  or  'laMl 401 

ventral jy, 

lliii'l  ([uartir,,  i)ara!\.v;-.  of  tlif... .  4r-l 

llil»,  liailiin-  of  hoir  ~.  of  llii 47  1 

"ipl'^i! 17.5 

Hollow  Ih.ni c,'^,^ 

Hoof,    lo-,s   of _J(^| 

Hoo-'C  or  liiisk -(frt^ 

Horn  I'lv J.S5 

,5*. 

,  ,  Si'> 

'^""' 47.^       Hv'lrolhorax  (watLTiii  tiu;  ihcsll  37J 

siiotiMtr  bi  i(k-  or 

IiniKiction  of  tlio  inanyi'.liLS t,S,\ 

riiincn.orpauii.  h  .;*^J 

Incontinence  of  the  urine \\  2 

Imlications  of  liise.ise..., 5^4 

Inili,!.;cbtion,  ihioiiic 3S6 

in  voun^  calves 451 

sub-acute 3S  -, 

Inllaimnalion  of  the  abomasn!:i ;,SS 

liiiin;.;of  iH-lly 

<\1\  ity 394 

bladder 413 

bowels YtT, 

f'-Xain 4'^ 


.-.houl'Ier  bone...    174 
I'r.irturcd  boms,  wounds,  sprains 

of  joints  ami  te;id<Mis 471 

Frost  bit.- 4f,c, 

I'uii.un--  h.ieniatodts 466 

Oan;4rt'iu-  of  the  nio-alh  in   \ouiij; 

calves .  ^-- 

'■■"■^•■1 45S 

'"■•■l.iti 4h,, 

Oem-ral  di-t-ases  of  the  blo..d ijj.s 

Genital  orLjans  of  ihe  bid",  the 362 

Oenitfll  organs  of  the  c-^w.  the- ■'62 


I  N  lU'X 


^)<i 


inll.iiiii:;  .li"ti    of  ibe  rontcM ('>! 

intiriial  ear.     .\i>s 

i'>>-' 1=>9 

haw 467 

joints i IK «tvfH  .15.) 
kidneys j.  .s 

livtT (./i 

luii^s .570 

milk     l);ii.;    or 

mlik-r 4JS 

n  live  I    urine 

iliut \.\') 

pfriiiuiliuin  ..  4(j^ 

tfstick-s 454 

lon^;ue  376 

U'Mer tvs 

ureUira 456 

va^^ina 42fi 

vOitis  4v4 

wi'inli 4^7 

Injuiit-  I  .  thf  (•)  fliils    465 

sheuth  anil  penis 455 

Injury,  iuinjis.iii  j.iwl'onr  from...  .\-fi 

In-i-i-t:-.  !>',L',s  anil  .~lin)'si.f 4S7 

ln~lrunKn'- 645 

InH-^lin.il  U( Tins 397 

liitestiius,  the  Ixnvels  iir 361 

InvLTsion  of  the  eyeliii- 465 

Irret;ul.irilies  i.f  the  teeth  371 

J.itimlice 405 

Jaw,  actinomycosis  of  524 

fracture  (if  the 472 

J,i\v-I)one,  Uunjis  on  th;- 37^1   I 

Joint-ill 430   ' 

i 

Knee,  fractjire  of  the  liorns  I.elow  471    ! 

Kidneys,  inP.aniniaticjn  (  !  the 4  '^ 

I.areratei!  ears 470 

T.,atninitis 490   : 

Laryngili  .  s.ii.j  throat ^17   I 

Leuconhv.t Jjti 

Lire  I  ii  caUle ;S|    | 

Lightning  stroke 503  ( 

hip,  the  upper 359  | 

Li|»s,   wuuxitis  ,ind  coutusions  oi  ...   3/3    t 


r.isci,  coMKeslion  of  till 4o,s 

inll.itnniation  of  the 41*1 

the..  3»)i 

wiirm-i  in  the jo; 

1,01'k  j  tn 51,1 

Loss  of  cml ^79 

hoof (91 

Lump  jau 5^4 

Lumps  in  the  tnilk  pa-.-^.iije }37 

on  the  jaw  hone 376 

Maggot-;  iu  neglic  teil  womiiK  477 

^^•lIign^»nt  catarrh 365 

••ore  throat 3f-iS 

M.i!  presentation \i% 

Maniniary  ^jlamis i,tiz 

Maininitis 4^:; 

Mange 4,S3 

Mail)  pHcs,  ini]).iction  of  the 3S  | 

Maw-hoiunl 3.^j 

Meconium,  uttulion  of  the |si 

Meiliiiile,  ;.;i',ing    ^.\i 

Meiiicines,  list  of (,53 

Mrtiiti-> |.'7 

.Mllk.liiooily ,38 

'''•■i'^- A.Vi 

f'^^^r ; 4i'.   7^-^ 

pass;ige,  hunps  in  Ihe 437 

stringy 439 

Milking  tulie,  lussiii).;  the 43S 

Navel,  likei'.ini;  from  ihe  }4.'s' 

nipture 401 

urine  di^chargcil  ihreugh..  4  jS 
Navel  urineduct,  infiammatiou  of.  .j^i) 
Neck,  fracture  of  the  hones  of  the  47^ 

Nephritis ,  ,\o^ 

Nymj'lioin.iuia  446 

Off  feed 3S3 

0()eiation,  C;esarian 51! 

( )f)era lions 5 3^1 

OpUth.thiiia,  hiniple ,.    459 

specific y'yi 

Organs  of  iligcsti.  •!!  359 

respiratory  or  breathing..  361 
iiieuriuary 362 


. .  -  1.  I    , 


SiX) 


TIIK  PRACTICAL  SiOCK  DOCTOR 


g 


m 


Orchitis ^^^ 

Otitis 46S 

Ovaries,  the 362 


?alate,  the  scift 

Pancreas,  the 

Paralysis 

of  tlie  hiiuUiuarlers 

or  Jialsy,  after  calving   . 

Parturient  apoplexy 

Parturition 

syniplonis  of 

Passage  from  the  woivb,  turning 

out  of  the 

Passage  out  from  the  -wonil),  ruji- 

ture  of  the  

Passing  the  inilking  tube 

Pauneh,  impaction  of  nnnen  or... 

tapjiingthe  rumen  or 

Penis,  injuries  to  the 

the 

Pericarditis 

Pericardium,  inflammatifiu  of  the. 

Period  of  gestation 

Peritonitis 

Pharynx,  or  gullet,  the 

Phlebitis 

Pica 

Plethora 

Pleuri.sy 

Pleuro-pneunionia  

Pneuniouia 

Poiscus  and  antidotes 

Pox,  cow 

Pricks  aiul  wounds 

Prescriptions 

Prolonged  after-pains 

Puerperal  fever 

Pulse 

Purpura  hemorrhagica  

Pyajniia 


359 
361 
4,,S 

419 
431 
414 
415 

423 

421 
43S 
3«2 
539 
455 


403 
4"3 
4'5 
394 
359 
4-4 
392 
528 

37' 

5"7 
370 
53^ 
5-6 
■IV3 
67. 

4  JO 

4jS 
3^4 
53-' 
531 


Quarter  ill 516 

Rabies  526 

Red  water nj^ 

Remastication ^-jq 


I    Remedies  in  cattle,  the  action  of..  36;, 
I    Removing  after-birth,  or  clea-iing  421 

!    Respiration -j,^ 

I    Kopiralory  or  breathing  organs...  361 

I    Retention  of  the  meconium 4si 

urnie 41 1 

Rheumatism 529 

Ribs,  fracture  of  the 47^ 

Rigs,  or  ridgling  bulls  45S 

Ringing  bulls 536 

Ring-worm 4S2 

Rumen,  impaction  of  tlie 382 

Rumenoloniy j  ^g 

Rupture,  or  hernia 399 

of  the  womb,  or  vagina..  421 

Salivary  glands,  the 359 

Salivation,  slavering  or 374 

Scab  ill  cattle 4^3 

Scalds 4SH 

Scours,  diarrhea  or ^Sg 

infections 4  53 

in  calves,  white 452 

Screw  worms  in  wounds 4^7 

ScroUil  hernia 4,,! 

Septicemia cij 

luemorrhagic 518 

Sheath,  injuries  to  the 455 

swelling  of  point  of 45.S 

stone  in  the 453 

Shock,  electric  503 

Shoulder  blade  or  shoulder  bone, 

fracture  of 4-4 

Skin,  air  under 476 

••'^'■^""^^ 47S 

grub  in  the 4S6 

warts  and  small  growths  on..  4SS 

Slavering  or  salivation 374 

Snake  bites 4,^7 

Sore  teats 4_,j 

throat 3(^7 

malignant 36S 

Soutlicrn  c.iltle  fever juS 

Spani;,h,  or  splenic  fever 50S 

Spavin  in  cattle 475 

Spaying 540 


INDEX 


3oi 


Spleen,  disease  of  the  4'-'7 

the 3f>i 

Sprains 47^ 

SUiphylomi 4^3 

Sterility 444 

Stiflejoint,  fracture  of  bones  above 

and  below 475 

Stifle  out  in  cattle 475 

Stings  of  insects 4^7 

Stomach,  balls,  or  concretions,  in  3S7 

impaction  of  tliird 3S4 

inflammation  of  fc.irtli..  3SS 

the 360 

Stomatitis,  ganj^renous 377 

Stone  in  the  bladder 413 

sheath 45^ 

Stricture  of  duct  at  base  of  teat....  442 

Stringy  milk.. 439 

Stroke,  lightning 5'>3 

Sub-acute  indigestion 3^5 

Sunstroke 5»" 

Suspended  breathing  in  calves 447 

Sutures 54' 

Swelling  of  point  of  sheath 45.S 

Tapping  the  belly 53^ 

bladder  of  o.x  or  bull  539 

chest 53^^^ 

paunch,  or  rumen 539 

Teat,  fistula  of  the 44' 

stricture  of  duct  in  the 442 

Teats,  chappi'd  or  sore 441J 

cuts  and  injuries  to  the 441 

warts  on  the 44" 

Teeth,  caps  on  the 375 

(caries)  decayed 375 

irresiularilies  of  the 374 

lumps  on  jawbone  from  the  376 

the 359 

Temperature 3^4 

Test  for  tuberculosis 522 

points  in  making  523 
Testicles,  inflammation  of  the  .'.,..  4,S4 

the St"-- 

Tetanus 5oi 

Texas  fever 5"^ 

•t 


Tongue,  inflammation  of  the 376 

the 359 

Torn  ears 470 

Troubles  met  with  in  calving 415 

Tuberculin  test,  the 52* 

Tuberculosis 5 '  9 

Tumors  4^ 

Turning  out  of  the  vagina  or  p;is- 

sage  from  womb 423 

Tympanites  380 

rdder,  inflammation  of  the 435 

or  bag,  the 362 

Ulcer  of  the  cornea 46a 

fmbilical,  or  navel,  hernia 401 

Traniia 531 

t'rethra,  fuflaumiation  of  the 456 

I'rinary  organs 362 

Urination,  profuse 408 

Urine,  albumen  in 410 

bloody 409 

discharged  through  navel ..  448 

incontinence  of  the 412 

retention  of  the 411 

Urine  duct,  inflannnation  of  navel  449 

Vagina,  eversion  of  the 423 

inflannnation  of  the 426 

rupture  of 421 

Vaginitis , 426 

Variola  vaccinnie 526 

Vomiting 3^4 

Veins,  inflammation  of  the 404 

Warbles 4^6 

Warts,  and  small  growths  on  skin  4HS 

on  the  teats 440 

Water  in  the  chest 372 

Wens  from  wounds  and  blows 477 

White  scours  in  calves 452 

Whites 429 

Wolf  in  the  tail 534 

Womb,  closure  of  neck  of 419 

dropsy  of  the 4'7 

eversion  of  the 424 

inflammation  of  the 427 

or  calf  bed  turned  out,  the  434 


i  I 


102 


Tlir:  PRACTICAI,  STOCk  DOCTOR 


Woiuii,  rupture  of  the 4Jr       Woiniils,  .naj,'got,s  in  iieglec'etl 477 

the ;/u>  of  all  kiiiils 476 

Worms,  iiiltstitial ;,);  pricks  aiul 493 

iiltheliviT ].  7  screw  worms  in 477 

Wound,  air  under  the  sUiu  from  a  476  wens  from 477 

Woundn.md  ci.iifiisiDns  of  the  li;.;  37  \ 

iii  the  aWomi  11 34S       \'tUow;j.  or  ji«uniiii;c ,    I'vj 


SHEKP 


't? 


II 


1: 


After-birth,  retention  of,  -n.' 569 

Age,  loss  of  teeth  fr'.jm 551 

Aix)plexy 515 

Apparatus 6.(7 

Biplex  e.iual,  disease  <-f 5f>l 

Bloating t,',i 

Bowels,  inflamtuatiou  of  tlu 551 

Brain,  hydatids  on  the 5  1  j 

inflannnation  of  tlit- 51- 

Bronchilis 5  (S 

filaria  5  (S 


Bruises  . 


Castrating  lamhs 5/17 

i'""^ 5''' 

Catarrh,  distetniK-r  or  epi/.ioti,- 5,_j ; 

or  cold  in  the  hi-.id 51 ; 

Choking 5,; 

Cleaning,  or  placenta  imt  cuniini; 

awiy sf-y 

Colic 553 

Constipation  in  }onnj;  lainli  571 

Diarrhea 5  ,7 

in  youn.;  l.iinli-. 5;  j 

Disease  of  thehipK  x  c......i ;,6| 

Diseases  of  youUi;  lamhs 571 

Distemper,  or  epi/.cii'ilie  (m;  uih  ....  5],; 

Pocking  5^7 

Dysentery 5jS 

Eyes,  inflammation  of  the 547 

Bversion  of  the  wonib.or  lamb  bed  569 

Flies,  maggots  from  blow 562 


I'"Iiike  disease „ 

Foot  rot 

swollen 

Foreign  suiist.uiees  loilged  in  teeth 

I'oul  in  the  foot 

Fracturi-v 


'■irget 

t". ml; ;  in  the  In  ail. 


lU  id,  swelle.l 

H.Mcn 

II\  diiid:    on   iiie  lll.iUl... 

:.r  i.ibies. 


lty.l:.,ph 


.!,i  , 


Iiii]iailioii  .if  ilie  rnmeu,  or  paunch 
lLi:!.iniiu,iti.jii  ol  the  bowel:. 

brain 

eyes 

lungs 

testicles 

udder 

In  r,t  rumen  ts 


L.inibin;; 

troubles  met  with  ii; 
I,.iinlis,  car^traling 

constipation  in 

diarrhea  in  young 

diseases  of  yomig 

weakness  iu  young.... 
Lock-jaw  (tetanus) 

Maggots  from  blow  flies 

Milk  bag  (see  udder)..., 

Medicines,  list  of 


55« 
3f>i 
564 
55>J 
564 
565 

j6o 

545 

.■■..SI 

547 

55* 
5.S4 
545 
M7 
549 
565 

645 

568 
568 
567 
57> 
57a 
57« 
57> 
546 

563 
570 
65s 


.m" 


I N  D  K  X 


«P3 


Ntxlular  (iisoase  , 

Ophthalmia 

Paralysis,  or  palsy 

Pelt-rot  (see  "Wool  Fallinj,'  from 

SIucp") 

Placenta  not  coining  away 

Pneumonia 

Prescriptions 

Rams,  castrating . 

Rot.  or  liver  tliiUe 

Rumen,  or   paunch,  impaction  of 

Scab 

lime  and  sulphur  dip  for 

Sore  throat 

Sprains,  strains,  and  bruises 


557 
547 
546 

549 
670 

566 

5,59 
552 

560 
561 

547 
5''5 


•5  53 


I   St'etches 

j  Swelled  head 545 

Tapeworms 1556 

Teeth,  substances  lodged  in  the...  550 

loss  of 55, 

I  sheddinK 55,, 

!   Testicles,  in flanmiation  of  the 565 

I   Ticks  562 

j   Tympanites 551 

I   L'dder,  inflaniDiation  of  the 570 

Wool,  fallinp  from  sheep 50^ 

Worms,  intestinal  (see  "  Nixlular 

disease") 557 

stomach 555 

tape 5sC 

Womb,  e\  ersion  of  the 569 


SWINE 


Ajjoplexy 580 

Apparatus 647 

Black  teeth  in  young  pigs 590 

Blind  staggers t;S,, 

Bowel,  turning  out  of  the  back 5S4 

Castration 5S8 

Choking jSr 

Common  diseases  of  swine 578 

Colds 5S1 

Congestion  of  the  brain 5X0 

Constipation 5.S3 

Diarrhea  583 

Disinfectants  and  disinfection 573 

Tarrowing 591 

Fever  in  sows 593 

lung 578 

Fits  in  young  pigs  from  worms  ...  5S5 

Founiler,  or  sore  feet 587 

Fracture  of  a  leg 591 

Hog  cholera  and  swine  plague 574 


Hog  cholera,  measures  of  preven 

t'on 577 

notes  on ,.  576 

Indigestion,  acute sSr 

chronic 582 

Iiiflamniition  of  the  lungs 578 

milk  glantls.  593 

womb 595 

Instruments 645 

I.eg,  fracture  of  a 591 

Lice 586 

Mange  or  scab 586 

Medicine,  ways  of  giving  573 

Medicines,  list  of 653 

Milk  glands,  inflammation  of  the.  593 

Paralysis 589 

Prescriptions 670 

Pig,  how  to  ring , 597 

Pig-l}ed  turned  out , 594 

Pigging— farrowing 591 

Pneumonia 578 

Quinsy  „ 579 


"^Ifc*:! 


!  .  I 


804 


THR  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


i  t 


^■K 


Rectum,  turninj;  out  of  till" 5S4  I   Tii-tli,  I'Uick,  in  yoiiiij;  pi);s 590 

RhciiMiatistn $<y:  j   Thutniw 596 

KiiiKiiif;  I'JKs 597  ,   T<iii>ils,  inflaiiim.ition  of  the 579 

Scah 5.%  I  .              ,■   ■       . 

g„,ifllj,j.                                                    ,f^,  :  W.ivs  ■tKiviii},' iiKMluinc  to  .swine  573 

Sotv  fv^i''Z^''ZZZZ^^^ZZ  587  ;    \V,.nil>,  .version  ..f  the 594 

(],f,,,t  ^-r,  iMfl.iinnialion  of  Uu- 595 

SlnRgers .sSo       Worms 585 

Sti.nti'ii,  or  chronic  indigestion....  582  '  (its  from 5X5 

Swine  plague 574  >   Wounds 587 


POULTRY 


Apoplexy 59? 

Apparatus 647 

Black  head 608 

Bronchitis 509 

Canker 605 

Catarrh,  or  cold 598 

contagious 59<) 

Cholera,  chicken 6oj 

Coops 617 

Conj;"stion  of  the  brain .S98 

Crop  hound  604 

Croup  (sec  "Bronchitis") 599 

Diarrhea 601 

I'iit,  articles  of  p<i;i!try 625 

Diphtlieria 601 

Prinking  fountains 618 

1  ced  troughs 618 

Gapes 603 

Inflammation  of  tlie  intestine  and 

li\er,  cont;i;;ious 608 

Innnmmation  of  the  ej^'g  p.issai;e..  606 
Inbtruments 645 

Leg  weakness 608 

Lice 6<i6 

Medicines,  list  of 653 

Pip 603 

poultry  coops 625 

diet 617 


Poultiy  hou--c,  a  ten  dollir 621 

hou:ies 610 

colonies 621 

drinking  fountains  61S 

fcvil  troughs 6i4 

fittings 614 

floor 6t5 

lUsts 614 

loosts 614 

good  J'lan;; 615 

inexpensive    struc- 
tures    613 

preferable    condi- 
tions   6u 

space  allowed 616 

unused  buildings...  611 

\cntii.ition 617 

pointers 624 

Prescriptions 670 

Ranging  of  fowls 619 

Rheumatism 605 

Roup 599 

Scalv  legs 608 

Sjiider,  hen  (.sec  "Lice") 606 

Tape  worms  (see  "Worms") 607 

Turkeys,  black  head  in,  see  60S 

Vertigo 59^ 

Weakness,  leg 608 

T]^onn.« — ~ — M 607 


INDEX 


805 


THE  DOG 


Abscesses  and  tumors 641 

Ai  liiliiles,  {)oisons  and f>4j^ 

Apparalus 647 

Bowels,  inflammation  of  the 634 

Breeding  and  littering  642 

Chorea 63H 

Colds  631 

Constipation 633 

Coughs 631 

Deafness f>i^ 

Diarrhea 633 

Diseases,  lung 631 

Distemper .630 

Ear,  canker  of  the 637 

Exercise  and  grooming 629 

Eyes,  sore 637 

?2 


Fits. 


Instruments 645 

Kennels,  hints  about 629 

I, ice 


633 

Fleas 636 

Food  for  grown  dogs 628 

Food  for  puppies 627 

Fractures  and  wounds 641 

Goitre,  or  swelled  neck 633 

Gonorrhea 643 

Hydrophobia— rabies 640 


637 

Littering,  brcedirg  and 642 

I.ung  diseases 631 

Mange 635 

Medicines,  list  of 653 

Neck,  swelled 633 

Paralysis 639 

Parturition  (see  "Littering") 642 

Poisons  end  antidotes 643 

Prescriptions 670 

Rheumatism 638 

Ringworm 636 

Round  worms  (see  "Worms") 634 

Sore  eyes 637 

Surfeit 641 

Tails,  how  to  cut  puppies' 643 

Tapeworms  (see  "Worms") 634 

Tumors 641 

Worms 634 

Wounds 641 


MISCELLANEOUS  DEPARTMENT 


Apparatus 647 

drenching  bottle 647 

ho1)bles 647 

probang 64S 

slings f>4' 

sponges 64S 

spring-ring  "bull  dog" 64S 

twist,  a 648 

Blister,  cantharides,  or  fly 671 

combination 671 

red  mercurial 671 

Colic  mixture  (2)  673 


I   Condition  powders,  general 674 

I   Corrosive    sublimate    solution 

(!(KX)to  i) 672 

Cough  mixture  (2) 673 

forcattle 674 

Fluid  extracts 6s4 

Hoof  ointment 674 

Instrument  outfit,   a    cheap    and 

practii-al 646 

Instruments 645 

bistoury 645 

catheter 645 


8ofi 


THF,  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOR 


;  { ,■ 


I  . 


firing-iron 645 

forceps 645 

nccfllfs 6.(5 

prohang 645 

Prohe 645 

SMlpcI 64.S 

sci-^sors f,y^ 

Jetton  luciilo 646 

siiocing,  or  frog  knife 646 

^^ringcs 6,,fi 

"■(xrar f,^f, 

""I'fller 646 

Liniment,  acid e-t 

while 6-,i 

modified 67.1 

Lotion,  carlio'ic f-^ 

creolin f/i 

eye  (2) f>;:,  6;,, 

soothing f -. , 

white f,-,, 

modified  670 


Medicines,  action  and  (lose 653 

alphabetic  list  of....  655-669 
■•"onie  forms  of Aej 

Oil,  carholatcd ^^jf 

Ointment,  l>cii,<.,-itcd  osidcof  ?inc  (,72 

'"'"f 674 

'"''"le 67J 

I'hvsic  drench  for  cattle 6-4 

or  hall  for  horses..  674 

Powder,  drying  and  heahng 671 

P"^^''^'-^ 65,f 

Proscriptions f,^^ 

fronci  fic^h (  •■, 

Tdile  of  apothec.irits'  weight 6s5 

h'(iui<i  measure  655 
comparative  weight  and 

measure 655 

proportionate   dose    for 
;dl  .mimals 65J 

6,S4 

654 


rmcture?;.  .. 

Weights  .uid  measures 


PRACTICAL  RKCIPf-S  FROM  FARMERS 


REMEDIES  FOR  HORSES 

Black  oil  for  man  and  beast,  Frost's  6SS 

Bloating 67,s 

Blood  purifier ft-c 

Bog  .spavin f,-r,,  (^^s 

Bots f,-^ 

Bowels,  inflammation  <)f  the 6-6 

Bruis''^ ^191,  692,  606,  70^ 

on  breast f,-- 

Bunches 695,  69.S 

Ca.stration,  bleeding  from 67- 

Catarrh  in  head 677 

tolic  (i6) 677,  f,7S,  679,  6S0 

cramp 6S0 

spasmodic  (3) 6.S0,  6.S1 

Colic,  winder  flatulent 6.S1 

Collar  galls f,Si 

scald  under fifii 

Condition  powders  (3) 681,  682 

Condition,  to 681 


C()n;;b. 
Cr.ick(  I 
t'urh... 


heels. 


682 

683 

698,   700 

''"'■^'■'^^  683,703,704 

ni.iiibca  in  vonng  foals 6S1 

DislciHiTr  •.rs(r,ingles(^) 6R4,  6S5 

ICyes,  iiiflammation  of  the  (;) 6S6 

'•'■■"■'W  U) 6S6 

'•■'^'"'■' 6S6,  7.J0 

Founder  (5) ^87,  688 

''"'lis f^^^l 

'""■■'r ..   681 

Cre-isc  heel  (-,) 53^^  ^^g 

leK 689 

ointment  for ggo 

Heaves  (1,) 6,-_  690 

Hoof  bounil 6qQ 

ointment  (2) (^i 

Horses,  to  keep  in  health 675 

Indigestion,  acute  (2) 691 


:-eM  A 


INDEX 


So/ 


Lice eyr 

Liniment  'ur  ring  bone,  bunches, 

stiff  joints,  etc 695 

sprains,  bruises,  etc. 

(7) 691,  69J,  693 

I/3ck-jaw 693 

Lungs,  congestion  of  tlie 693 

Lumps  on  shoulders 697 

Mange  {2) 694 

Nail  pricks  and  wounds  (j) 694 

Old  sores 6S3,  697 

Open  joint 6H3 

Over  eating  wheat  or  other  grain..  695 

Poll-evil 686 

Pneumonia  or  lung  fever 695 

Ring  bone  (3) 695,  69S 

Salve 7,,3 

for  cuts 6S3 

Scratches  (6) 695,  696 

Shoulders,  lumps  on .  697 

sore 697 

swelling  of 697 

Sores,  fistulous 697 

old 6S3,  697 

on  neck,  back,  shoulders...  698 

Spavin  (6) 69H,  G99 

Splints 698,  700 

Sprain 691,  692,  700 

Stiff  joints 695 

Sweeny  (6) 69.S,  7.0,  701 

Thoroughpin 676,  701 

Throat,  swelling  in 702 

Thrush  (3) 701 

Urine,  retention  of  the  (3) 702 

Warts  (2) yo3 

Wind  galls 698 

Wire  cuts  (4) 703 

Worms  (3) 704 

Wounds  (5) 683,696,  703,  704 

REMEDIES  FOR  CATTLE 

Abortion,  to  prevent 705 

After-birth,  to  remove  (2) 706 

Black  leg,  to  prevent  (3) 706,  707 

Bloating  (10) 707,  708,  709 

Caked  udder  (3) 709 


Cattle,  suggestion  for  care  70s 

to  keep  in  health 705 

Choking  (6)  y.^^^  7,0 

^"•'c(3) 7,0,  711 

Cornstalk  sickness  (3) 71 1,  712 

Diarrhea,  see  "Scours" 718,  719 

Eyes,  .sore 712 

Feet,  sore(2) 712 

Foot  e»il  (3) 7,3 


foul. 


713 

Garget 713 

Horn  distemper 713 

hollow  (2) 713 

Horns  on  calves,  to  kill 714 

Indigestion  (2) 71^ 

Information,  miscellaneous 705 

Lice(4) 7,4 

Lump  jaw  (4) 7,5,  7,6 

Milk  fever  (5) 716,  717,  718 

Powder,  cow 705 

Ring-worm 718 

Scours  (s) 71S,  719 

REMEDIES  FOR  SHEEP 

Appetite,  loss  of 720,  722 

Bloating 720 

Cholera,  lamb , 720 

Colic  or  stretches  (2)  721 

Constipation  in  lambs,  to  prevent..  721 

Fluke  worm 721,  724 

Foot  rot  (3) 721,  722 

Founder 722 

dad  fly,  to  keep  away 722 

Crub  in  the  head  (2) 72a 

Mouth,  sore 722 

Piles 723 

Pneumonia 723 

Powders  for  appetite 720 

Rot 723 

Scab 723 

Sheep,  to  keep  healthy 720 

in  condition 720 

Staggers 723 

Ticks  (2) 724 

Womb,  Inversion  of  the 724 

Worms  (4) 724 

in  lambs  (3)., ,.,„.,  725 


I  i  ifs^^' 


H 


iiami^ 


808 


THE  PRACTICAL  STOCK  DOCTOk 


REMEDIES  FOR  SWINE 

Blind  sla){gers 72S 

Cholera  (lo) 7:9,  7V1,  7;,! 

ConstijKition 7^ 

Cough 731 

Hogs,  to  keep  in  lomlitioti  (  5) 

7-5.  7-^.  7-7 

Lameness  (j) 731 

I.i" 7,'>i.  7.<-' 

Pigs,  troiililes  with  sucking 7J7 

Pueuiniitiia 7.^2 

Rbeumalisni  7^2 

Scours  in  jiigs  ( .•) 732 


Shotes  in  ])oor  condition 727 

Swine,  ti>  keep  in  health  (2) 727 

Weak  hack 728 

^\'onns 732,  733 

REMEDIliS  I  OR  CHICKENS 

Chickens,  care  of 73^ 

•-■'■oKra  (S) 733,  734 

•'■•'I"^''*  (-2) 734 

I'>i^c<3) 734 

Parasitic  bowil  disease 735, 

R""P(-') 735 

Scaly  hx-^(2) 735 


PROFITABLE   BREEDING   OF  STOCK 

The  Principles  of  I'.rcciliiit; 736 

Relatinii  ul  lirccdcr  lo  I'anncr 73JJ 

The  iarm  I  Im  -.e 74c 

Cattle  Brecilinji 74; 

Sheep  Breeding -51 

Hug  Bree<ling -5( 

Chicken  Breeding -ijl 

Selecting  the  Brood -Qi 

("letting  the  Sto,  k -02 

The  lien  I  (oue -04 

Departmi'iit  of  I  Irli.l'ni  nil    trations   (  I'ollouing  Index  1 809 


SWAMP  FEVER. — This  is  a  new  liiseasc  wliicli  has  recently 
appeared  in  tlie  Dakotas  and  the  Northwest.  So  little  is 
known  nf  it  at  tiiis  time  tliat  we  do  not  consider  it  worth 
while  to  "ive  it  ,'^pace  as  no  positive  remedy  has  yet  been  dis- 
covered. SliMuld  any  i>tirchaser  of  tiiis  Look,  however,  desire 
information  concernino  it,  write  the  piddishers,  enclosing  a 
two-cent  stamp  ^ur  reply.  No  case  of  this  disease  has  been 
known  East  of  the  Mississippi  River  up  to  date. 


Dictionary  of  Technical  and  Other  Terms  in  Common  Use,  ;6S 


Ui^^.ikMj^ 


DEPARTMENT 

of 

HELPFUL  ILLUSTRATIONS 


,"'■"*■'"■"■''■•  ''-'"'""-"   i"-..a,i.„„   ,|„„„,I,o„, 

'     ;■,",  '""   ■•'"   ""■  ■■"'"   '»   "■  -■^-   ■'-   1 K-  i..,c,i.„   and 

""■',"'   '■■'■  '"""'■>    '■""'■'-   -  -  « p...  .Ik.  il„„„.:„i„„s 

"'   "■""""""  ■■ ''■•■I— ".-ui..,.    „,,v,lK.,.   i„    ,„.   I„„.t   „t 

,",' '■"■•"'"•''■■''''■•■"-"-  .I..HU.    ,i,,,l  „,,,,,  ,,,i, 

'""  '"' '-^  '"  '■'■■'<  '"'-;<,  .Ik.  „„,„  ,„„,, 

J.-^  i.s  ii.siialK-  tia-  ease. 

„     ■'■":    '' ■"' '    ^--"1" ^    "l.-l.    I-..II..W,    arc    „..,, 


800 


0' 


Mi» 


i:  \c'vu  a:.  >'!'  .^'K  I"  )v*'r<  m- 


Note  dras\  ii  ii^t  nr  siinkt  ii  pubition 
il  alKiunit.il. 


i'it-   /-Ji..    iilJ, 


HofbC  ba&  a  hni;Kar<l  luok.  at.xiuus  eye  ii  i 

Sec  piigc  yo. 


it'f  piJki,c  liO. 


m 


Seveki-  Si  \smcmiic  C'.lic 
Set  putcc  Hi. 


El'ASMoi.ir  C'lUIC 


^".TMfaain'Uimxx^  -.—< 


HI'M'I'l'L   IMrSFKATloXS— H()I<SI-:S  xi, 


-i'l-    /'Hit'    j-V. 


*VlI    1  h       I  MMl.t  M  lUN 


I  ;    ^ 

F  ■     .   ■  Hi 


I  ' 


mm 

81. 


TIIF-:  I'RACTKWr,  STOCK    DOCTOR 


i 


Mi.,»il.i;   i.n.i  iMiiii  I.I    11  ,-,    ill   ,111   iMiIium;    I,,   1,11,1^  the 

.111    |i,i--,it;iB  a.    III-. Illy    1,11    a    aUanjlii    Imt 

a>  po,-.bib!i'. 


In  n  .^^i  .'( i  i  1  !■  . 
iic  tune  iJ-i. 


iii'i.i'M  r,  ii.i.rsTk,\ri(  tx^  -fioksf-s 


81.1 


NaS*I.   ''.l.fKT-    liiitli    NitstiiU 


I,YWi'iiANr.iTi<i-\Vri-n  IN  THE  I.r.c 


OlTN    JiUNT 

See  tti^e  J'M. 


CAPPKn  Elbow 
See  f'^ee  liSt, 


Iffci 


a;4  Tin;  PKACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


#1    ^' 


^rrai 


Sri.iNTs 


St'e  o'l  ntr\ii  'ft  i\ttnu'nt  uf  Sf^ttins 


ii'x;  Spavin 
ill-  p,i(.t-   "i'i. 


ii^^af^- 


ICh  L.vki.r  M  1  N  T   nl"    I"  ITI  ov'kii 
iVf   f'u,..-  ^'I. 


I 


K»r^ll^ 


■,A;>.  JP, 


HELPFUL  ILLUSTRATIONS— HORSES  815 


POLI.  Evil, 

See  p.ii'c  AS. 


Big  Head— side  view 
ill-  ftge  ir>l. 


FlSTtI.01  S    WlTHEHS 


DiSLOCATK.N   riF  THE   PaTELLA 

or  Stitlfd 
S,f  rut.-  ,'9i. 


Sti»i.e-Joint  T.ameniss 
Sie  t>age  t93. 


FaACTliFl!  op  TBI!  FcHUI 


:iKMi>A'~XM>?wtl ' 


M 


,SK> 


'llli';   I'kACTRAI,  STOCK  DOCTOl 


Inflajimati'is  of  Bi.A'inM 


Acuta    iMPt.AUHATIOM   OI>  KlOKttt 

Sec  pasc  13J. 


ChIONIC    InFI  AMI!  \TI  .S    ul'    KlUNtVS 


<\WMm 


iNrLAMWATION    OP  BowKLS 

C.ettiiiK  down  slowly  and  hesitatingly 
— a  symptom. 
See  pate  US. 


Cb»"NIC   iNrLAMMATIilN    np   KinHEYS 

Sre  page  111. 


Tnr.  Way  to  PovLTict  the  Lungs 
As  used  in  lun(  disOKi. 


^•A!/{j:tS' 


-.j^SiVj;^::^^^^^' 


Hni,?FT'L  IIJJ'STRATIOXS— HORSKS  8.7 


Si',-    /■,/(;(•    JM. 


(  OHM 

iV<'  tage  314. 


mac^ir  Jtef<^^:sa^■'*«P2Pa»!:/yk»^!iJLWigJl■L'^!^llro'j^^ 


1  '•: 


iW^^'' 


■  m 


•:f: 


^fiV;.:'.'    '  .-^^!ng'' 


83  8 


TIIH  rRACTlCAI,  STOCK  DOCTOR 


v^#^ 


IkKI  c.l    I   \K     SlKKNi.l   I  ^ 

Si-i'   /■,;„',•    ;i3-. 


•^■■r   /••'K.-    .0,-. 


r^' 


^^■# 


■%^miLfM:i 


III'I.PFnr,  ILIJTSTRATIOXS— HORSES  siq 


SrEEuY  Cut 
See  page  J«j. 


{ 

i  1 1 


I  J 


f^ 

1 

AZOTDRBA 


..::s:^ 


820 


''111'"  TKACTICAI.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


I(I.Si.     IN     SlNSfROKr. 

llic    lior^c    ill    riim.ii,i~e    state, 
ii'i'  fige  -vo. 


ifnfii 


iMLAMMAIluN    ,.t     Mil     .Sl.jMACH 

See  fage  iii. 


'r*lSEjta£^M  .%'>M,^52^^;5=jy»2K<S-  a 


.'.-/^^AmMfr^^-' 


HEI^PFUL   ILLUSTRATIONS— HORSES  821 


UkuKI  \     K.VLt 

Sec  /'(/i-c  .\V. 


Sphl'Nu  Hock 
See  page  ifH. 


■*ja3e";iyiPf'.'.^T 


^Ai^tm^msmnicmii^simw^ 


'■\X'i 


822 


Till'   PRACTICAL  ST<)*.K  IJ<  )CTOR 


Capi'EI)  IIock  ANCHYLoiiis  Of  Fetlock  Joint 

St:e  pa^c  ^"iS.  The  natural  termination  and  cure  for 

bone  lameness,  buch  as  rinK  bone 

and  spavin,  is  anchyli>M^— a 

stitTening  or  soli<lifying 

of   the  jornL 


Ami.  l"\Brv 
^ee  P>ite  /'!, 


Bone  Spavin 
Stt  page  £6A> 


HIvLl'FUL  ILLUSTRATIONS— HORSES 


65- 


'k.;:.^:?-;^!^.^^* 


IP^"^ 


..iiii:. 


824 


Tin;   rKACTICAI.  STOCK    |)<»CTUK 


iKAuhLu    Walls.  Iiumlii  bv  (lamiimj  una   Nails. 

<iL'.\RTKH    CK.\vK.S  .XXi)    Ut.MllIULi. 


^P^"T^^S^ 


TiiCF.PFn,  Fi.i.rsTk.\ri()\s-  vArri.i; 


S25 


,\m  I  Ki  i   N  1      Al  I    I  l;   \  V 

6Vf  ^j^c-    hi. 


]  \  Ml'  \M  I  \> — Aliiii'iiiinal     [■.»m 
:>ci:  fiiij*:  j^. 


fh,.  -<!■' 


I      .*• 


^"rV.. 


I'll 


826 


'IHI,   I'kAClh.  AI,  M'  .CK   lujt'lok 


n 


n  if 


r. 


sr 


m-Jii\ 


J'aKII    Mil    \  I        I'l  KMMM  Hi 

ill-  /  j^..-  ^t^. 


iee  fane  4Ji. 


wwmnm^^^eR^f^^ 


IIEM'FUL  ILLUSTRATIONS— CATTLE  827 


f 


Imi'm  iiiin  uf  tiiu  MtNvriui 


i'AIALYilS.     OH      t'ALS»      AfttB     CaLVING 

Stt  toil  419- 


■'a.'   >J    1.    .k 


;v>ji,  v;-)!,  j.i,*^.,  ,  -. 


:-fl2-«ii^ 


In; 


i!^ 


Jl-i 


8iH 


riii-;  rKAcricAi.  stock  doctor 


^'•; 


Kn  1  LKi  1  i:3     tii;       I  N  M    \  M  M  |i>N      Ut      LJuW  fcLS 


Tifii  R(  II  liMs  nr  Tin:  Siki.<'!v    \si) 
rcRTi-KiiiusK  (  lis  Ml-   l;r.)  I.     .Sr,*  j-.i^,'  mo. 


llhlHil    liivis    *.F    I'll!   R<\    OK    {■( 


rL.\KLY    l>IM   V-r.        Sec   fj^tf    ^ii^, 

820 


A*    ->.!  I  ALLED 


830 


THK  PRACTICAT.  STOCK  DOCTOR 


r.  KlinNS      ■■   A    Sinus   MlHF   SHOWINC.   THK   TexAS    FkVKR    Ti*K   "iF  THf:    I't'lVFI)   StATES— 
NaII   *\L    Si/K-    t>MIL>tNAL.       -St't*    fUi'k'    .*"'J. 


-mimm. 


HELPFUL  ILLUSTRATlOXS^HORvSES  831 


HORSES 

PARTRUITION  OR  MALPRESENTATION 

l"or    ,l,hmut;i1     priuciplcs     in  .•(  .i  icctiii-    Maliirtsiiuatidn  in 
detail,  ■^ec  p:ii;('   l'..'. 


M 


N(iini  \|.   I'KI'-IM  AlIONS. 


:ii 


832 


THE  PRACTICAL  vSTOCK  DOCTOR 


<    '  ■f'Whi   i      l'Hit\  I     I'h:l  ~l  %  1  \  I  ImN'. 


xftir 


r'>l(|;l  <    I       !'l     VI.-      I'|.M   SKN-  (   \1  (MS. 


\<M<\1AI.    fU'l   -l.\  I   \  I  |()\S. 
Ml   .-tl.nipimril   nnr   :iv,.\    t't.MTt   j.i . -.  nt  ,ii..n.   ^ii..\Mi    in   tin-    f..I!..u  iiikr   iil'i- tt.tiiant 
\v>\-\    '.•■   [-ni    111    i!m-   |.--'iniii    s!iMi.Mi   ,iti..\., 


HELPFUL  ILLUSTRATIONS— HORSES  833 


ifKiuLs   Phi  m  n  r  \j  iun 


I  ! 


r 


V\ 


(   1  iih  ri   s     I'kl  Nl  \  t  VTION. 

.\n\"')UM.\I.  PICl.SI.NTAlldN'S. 


I 


ii^># 
)'p 


834 


TIIH  PRACTICAL  .STOCK  DOCTOR 


\      f     H^  i      :  \U 


111  M.  im..  r 


Niii     r\' M\i  \i<.\  -    llHt'.*;    Him.    iNl-i    1'\vv\,.k. 

\l:\iiK'\l  \l.   n;l  -I  \  r\  I  |M\-., 


.rS^e: 


Mr^ 


;k\:';  ..■:...">f  ■ 


HSLPFUIv  ILLUSTRATIONS— HORSES  8^5 


y 


Bring  Vht  Into  Pass^ce, 


:n 


Pisi!   IfiNn  Fret   I'.ArK, 
AHNOKMAK   PRF.SKX lATIONS— uriTE  ( OMMON. 


HELPFUL  ILLUSTRATIONS— CATTLE  837 


CATTLE 

PARTBUITION  OR  MALPRESENTATION 

For    general    inslnu-lidus    and    information    in    comclin^ 
Malprcscntation  in  cattle,  see  pa^e   111. 


<n 


FETAL  CALF   WITHIN    ITS   Mh.MUKANtS. 


<1 


'I'. 


rfi  A 


838 


Till'    I'KACTICAK  STOCK  DOCTOR 


•illirr- 


?r- 


m 


tfj 


li^W 


i 


n'vZiZ'jziZ'i'.Z'jZ' 


840 


.»  il 


i^'.' 


dkSk!t!SsSkSa3^3B3SBm 


<3     -^ 


^    ^    «    ^ 
§    a    ^> 


'S    S    a    'v* 


^"^ 


^ 
S) 


§ 


^  «  ^  *:  o 


< 

C 


